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3 CHAPTER 3 Web Applications Getting Started withWeb Applications A web application is a dynamic extension of a web or application server. There are two types of web applications: ■ Presentation-oriented: A presentation-oriented web application generates interactive web pages containing various types of markup language (HTML, XML, and so on) and dynamic content in response to requests. Chapters Chapter 4, “Java Servlet Technology,” through Chapter 15, “Internationalizing and Localizing Web Applications,” cover how to develop presentation-oriented web applications. ■ Service-oriented: A service-oriented web application implements the endpoint of a web service. Presentation-oriented applications are often clients of service-oriented web applications. Chapters Chapter 16, “Building Web Services with JAX-WS,” and Chapter 19, “SOAP with Attachments API for Java,” cover how to develop service-oriented web applications. In the Java 2 platform, web components provide the dynamic extension capabilities for a web server. Web components are either Java servlets, JSP pages, or web service endpoints. The interaction between a web client and a web application is illustrated in Figure 3–1. The client sends an HTTP request to the web server. A web server that implements Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technology converts the request into an HTTPServletRequest object. This object is delivered to a web component, which can interact with JavaBeans components or a database to generate dynamic content. The web component can then generate an HTTPServletResponse or it can pass the request to another web component. Eventually a web component generates a HTTPServletResponse object. The web server converts this object to an HTTP response and returns it to the client. 77
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The Java EE 5Tutorial For Sun Java
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Contents Preface ..................
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Contents Starting and Stopping the
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Contents 5 JavaServer PagesTechnolo
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Contents 8 CustomTags in JSP Pages
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Contents 11 Using JavaServer FacesT
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Contents Component, Renderer, and T
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Contents 17 Binding between XML Sch
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Contents SAAJ Messages ............
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Contents The Remove Method ........
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Contents 27 The Java Persistence Qu
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Contents 30 SecuringWeb Application
Page 25 and 26: Contents Building, Deploying, and R
Page 27: Contents Enterprise Beans .........
Page 30 and 31: Preface 30 ■ Web application inte
Page 32 and 33: Preface Application Server Document
Page 34 and 35: Preface Default Paths and File Name
Page 36 and 37: Preface TABLE P-4 Symbol Convention
Page 39 and 40: 1C HAPTER 1 Overview Developers tod
Page 41 and 42: FIGURE 1-1 Multitiered Applications
Page 43 and 44: Applets A web page received from th
Page 45 and 46: As shown in Figure 1-3, the web tie
Page 47 and 48: services in the form of a container
Page 49 and 50: Web Services Support Web services a
Page 51 and 52: Once a Java EE unit has been produc
Page 53 and 54: The different roles are not always
Page 55 and 56: Java EE 5 APIs FIGURE 1-7 Java EE P
Page 57 and 58: JavaServer Faces JavaServer Faces t
Page 59 and 60: Java Architecture for XML Binding (
Page 61 and 62: A Java EE component can locate its
Page 63: TABLE 1-1 Application Server Tools
Page 66 and 67: Required Software 66 2 3 4 5 Next S
Page 68 and 69: Starting and Stopping the Applicati
Page 70 and 71: Building the Examples 70 1. Select
Page 72 and 73: Debugging Java EE Applications Debu
Page 75: PART II TheWebTier Part Two explore
Page 79 and 80: FIGURE 3-2 Java Web Application Tec
Page 81 and 82: Web Modules FIGURE 3-4 Response The
Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 3-5 Web Module Structure web
Page 85 and 86: Deploying with the Admin Console 1.
Page 87 and 88: To update the project in NetBeans I
Page 89 and 90: To use the Ant tool, execute the fo
Page 91 and 92: To deploy the example using NetBean
Page 93 and 94: 7. In the Add Initialization Parame
Page 95 and 96: TABLE 3-1 Web Components That Accep
Page 97 and 98: Accessing Databases fromWeb Applica
Page 99 and 100: 4 CHAPTER 4 What Is a Servlet? Java
Page 101 and 102: tut-install/javaeetutorial5/example
Page 103 and 104: Handling Servlet Life-Cycle Events
Page 105 and 106: You can specify an event listener u
Page 107 and 108: ■ Multiple threads within a web c
Page 109 and 110: Initializing a Servlet To ensure th
Page 111 and 112: An HTTP request URL contains the fo
Page 113 and 114: ook from the bookstore database. Fi
Page 115 and 116: ■ Modify the request headers and
Page 117 and 118: Programming Customized Requests and
Page 119 and 120: FIGURE 4-3 Duke’s Bookstore with
Page 121 and 122: You can direct the filter to be app
Page 123 and 124: If the resource is static, the incl
Page 125 and 126: The web context is used by the Duke
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You can also set the timeout period
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Tracking Service Requests To track
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Further Information about Java Serv
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5 CHAPTER 5 What Is a JSP Page? Jav
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" prefix="c" %> Localized Dates
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TABLE 5-1 Duke’s Bookstore Exampl
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“Scripting in JSP Pages”). Alth
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FIGURE 5-2 Book Catalog The Example
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After the page has been translated
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A registry of content type names is
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... As explained in “The Life Cy
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tasks are performed, all done in a
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The web container evaluates a varia
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After declaring an enum constant ca
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The inputText tag displays a UIInpu
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■ Configure the page with the pag
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Resolving Expressions The unified E
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Implicit Objects The JSP expression
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ne lt gt le ge true false null inst
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In this example, the expression ref
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} public void setDatabase(BookDBAO
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A property set from a constant stri
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To use a custom tag in a JSP page,
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Including theTag Library Implementa
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Including an Applet The scope of th
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Unable to start plugin. Setting P
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TABLE 5-9 EL Evaluation Settings fo
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Alternatively, a page author can se
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6 CHAPTER 6 JavaServer Pages Docume
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6. Click Open Project. 7. In the Pr
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Here is the same page i
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You can include the xmlns attribute
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Note that jsp:root is required beca
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TABLE 6-2 EL Operators and JSP Docu
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To illustrate this, here is an exam
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This syntax notation summarizes the
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7 CHAPTER 7 JavaServer Pages Standa
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Using JSTL See “Troubleshooting D
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CoreTag Library select * from PUBL
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Iterator i = cart.getItems().itera
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Arrays of objects as well as arrays
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The redirect tag sends an HTTP red
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TABLE 7-5 Example XPath Expressions
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&nbsp
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The setBundle and bundle Tags You c
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oth tags to update the database inv
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The following excerpt from tut-ins
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The rest of the JSTL functions
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8 CHAPTER 8 CustomTags in JSP Pages
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Figure 8-1 shows the flow of a requ
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Types ofTags Simple tags are invoke
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DeferredValue A deferred value attr
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Communication betweenTags Custom ta
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To learn how to configure the examp
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ody-content Attribute You specify t
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To declare an EL variable exposed b
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Encapsulating Reusable Content Usin
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CustomTag Examples This section int
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formatting of the book price is det
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${color.key} = ${color.value} T
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listener Element A tag library can
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Tag files bundled in a JAR require
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TABLE 8-10 attribute Subelements (C
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TABLE 8-11 variable Subelements (Co
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Tag Handlers forTags with Attribute
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public void doTag() throws JspExcep
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Tag Handlers forTagsThat DefineVari
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} } String type = data.getAttribute
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... connectionId false Tag Handl
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The template is a JSP page that has
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} double sale = book.getPrice() * .
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The table of screen definitions is
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9 CHAPTER 9 Scripting in JSP Pages
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Using Scripting Disabling Scripting
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} %> JSP Scriptlets A JSP scriptlet
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Tag handler methods defined by the
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If a tag handler needs to iterative
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} } Connection connection; if (cid
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10 CHAPTER 10 JavaServer FacesTechn
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Another important goal of JavaServe
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tut-install/javaeetutorial5/example
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Adding the view and form Tags All J
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Hi. My name is Duke. I’m think
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Hi. My name is Duke. I’m think
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In the case of the Guess Number exa
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UserNumberBean guessNumber.UserNum
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These behavioral interfaces are as
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TABLE 10-2 The UI Component Tags (C
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When a component is bound to an obj
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Navigation Model Validation Model J
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Backing Beans calls the action meth
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Configuring a Bean JavaServer Faces
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UserNumberBean.validate method, whi
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page 316) by calling FacesContext.r
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Update ModelValues Phase After the
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11 CHAPTER 11 Using JavaServer Face
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Chapter 12, “Developing with Java
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The uri attribute value uniquely id
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Using the CoreTags The tags include
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Adding UI Components to a Page Usin
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Unlike nearly every other JavaServe
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An editable text component in a Jav
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The required attribute causes the p
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■ Your shopping cart contains {0}
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A commandLink tag must include a ne
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The column tags represent columns o
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The url attribute specifies the pat
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panelGroup tag. This is because sty
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The value attribute of the selectOn
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FIGURE 11-6 An Example List Box Cre
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“UISelectItems Properties” on p
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localize dynamic data. If you are n
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The error messages that these tags
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Converting a Component’sValue To
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Please refer to the Customizing For
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TABLE 11-6 convertNumber Attributes
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The bookcatalog.jsp page uses setPr
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■ Nest a validator tag inside the
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#{MyBean.currentOption} In addition
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This tag gets the name of the custo
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Binding Converters, Listeners, andV
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Referencing a MethodThat Performs N
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value="#{cashier.name}" required="t
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Using a CustomValidator To register
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Using Custom Objects In the rendere
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12 CHAPTER 12 Developing with JavaS
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TABLE 12-1 Acceptable Types of Comp
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private String title = null; public
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public String getShippingOption() {
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Let’s separate the newsletters in
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See “Backing Beans” on page 307
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} text = "???" + key + "???"; } //
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Creating a Custom Converter As expl
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} } } buffer.append(input[i]); } St
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Implementing Action Listeners An Ac
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According to this validator, the da
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If your JavaServer Faces applicatio
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protected ValueExpression formatPat
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After setting the components’ ren
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A backing bean method that performs
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13 CHAPTER 13 Creating Custom UI Co
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You do not need to create a custom
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Understanding the Image Map Example
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alt="#{bundle.ChooseLocale}" usemap
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The value attributes of the area ta
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Creating Custom Component Classes A
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The rendering of the map and input
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Notice that encodeBegin renders onl
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“Creating the Component Tag Handl
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To specify where state is saved for
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Identifying the RendererType During
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Retrieving the ComponentType As exp
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} } Boolean(immediate.getExpression
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Defining the Custom ComponentTag in
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14 CHAPTER 14 Configuring JavaServe
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■ Using value elements, set the p
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The managed-bean element can contai
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equest areaCode #{initParam.defaul
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This example initializes an arra
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... newsletters java.util.ArrayLis
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... com.sun.bookstore6.resources.
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Configuring Navigation Rules As exp
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navigate from one particular page i
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java.lang.String ... The render-k
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shape java.lang.String The compo
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To make sure that the FacesServlet
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7. In the Add Context Parameter dia
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Restricting Access to JavaServer Fa
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3. Add a param-value element to the
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15 CHAPTER 15 Internationalizing an
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public void chooseLocaleFromLink(Ac
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style="color: red; text-decoration:
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Character Encoding A character enco
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Calls to setContentType set the cha
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PART III Web Services Part Three ex
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16 CHAPTER 16 BuildingWeb Services
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You may specify an explicit interfa
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Building, Packaging, and Deploying
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Hello port = service.getHelloPort()
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Types Supported by JAX-WS JAX-WS de
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17 CHAPTER 17 JAXB Architecture Bin
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FIGURE 17-2 Steps in the JAXB Bindi
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Binding XML Schemas This section de
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TABLE 17-2 JAXB Mapping of XML Data
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TABLE 17-4 JAXB Annotations Associa
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TABLE 17-6 JAXB Annotations Associa
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JAXB Examples TABLE 17-8 JAXB Annot
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TABLE 17-11 Java-to-Schema JAXB Exa
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-help Display a brief summary of th
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TABLE 17-13 Schema-to-Java Bindings
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■ setPartNum(String value); ■ g
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Basic JAXB Examples This section de
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import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller; i
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Why Customize? In most cases, the d
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* ■ schemaLocation is a URI re
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FIGURE 17-3 Customization Scope Inh
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given schema or binding declaration
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■ customizes the Javadoc tool an
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For inline annotations, the declar
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3. Select the inline-customize fold
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Class Binding Declarations The foll
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}; public static String printShortT
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Binding Declaration Files The follo
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... binding-declarations ... Cla
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If you are using JDK 6, perform the
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The default content order for @XmlT
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Interface XmlAdapter and annotation
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AdapterPurchaseListToHashMap with f
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The @XmlRootElement annotation maps
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There is an order of precedence as
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Why StAX? 18 CHAPTER 18 Streaming A
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■ A StAX pull parser can filter X
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Cursor API As the name implies, the
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TABLE 18-2 XMLEvent Types (Continue
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TABLE 18-3 Example of Iterator API
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Using StAX In general, StAX program
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Resources, Namespaces, and Errors T
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XMLInputFactory f = XMLInputFactory
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writer.writeAttribute("http://c","c
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Example Code However, there may be
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Note that next() just returns an in
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6. In the Projects tab, right-click
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Building and Running the Cursor-to-
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Building and Running the Event Exam
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Filtering the Stream The final step
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Creating an Event Producer/Consumer
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Creating a StreamWriter The next st
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Further Information about StAX For
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19 CHAPTER 19 SOAP with Attachments
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FIGURE 19-1 SOAPMessage Object with
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The SAAJ API provides the Attachmen
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In the section “Code Examples”
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SOAPHeader header = message.getSOAP
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The outermost element in this XML
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Getting a SOAPConnection Object Th
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Adding Content to the Header To add
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Adding a Document to the SOAP Body
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The other two SOAPMessage.createAtt
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The following line of code removes
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the SOAPHeader object. So, for exam
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Using SOAP Faults In this section,
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The following SOAP 1.1 code fragmen
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Code Examples newDetail. Not all SO
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For the Request class to be runnabl
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mustUnderstand is true Header name
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} while (attrs.hasNext()){ QName at
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6. In the Arguments field, type the
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message.addAttachmentPart(attachmen
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The missing files are activation.ja
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Further Information about SAAJ For
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PART IV Enterprise Beans Part Four
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20 CHAPTER 20 Enterprise Beans Ente
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What Is a Session Bean? A session b
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What Makes Message-Driven Beans Dif
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To create an enterprise bean that a
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Web Service Clients A web service c
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Naming Conventions for Enterprise B
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FIGURE 20-4 Life Cycle of a Statele
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21 CHAPTER 21 Getting Started with
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} public BigDecimal yenToEuro(BigDe
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@EJB private static Converter conve
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} try { InitialContext ic = new Ini
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Running the converter Application C
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Modifying the Java EE Application T
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22 CHAPTER 22 The cart Example Sess
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Stateful session beans also may:
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@PrePassivate methods are invoked b
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Undeploying the cart Example To und
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Timer timer = timerService.createTi
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private static final Logger logger
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ant run This task first retrieves t
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23 CHAPTER 23 A Message-Driven Bean
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The Message-Driven Bean Class The c
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Creating the Administered Objects f
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ant run Ignore the message that sta
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PART V Persistence Part Five explor
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Entities 24 CHAPTER 24 Introduction
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Persistent Fields If the entity cla
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public final class LineItemKey impl
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■ For one-to-one bidirectional re
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Mapped superclasses are not queryab
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The javax.persistence.Discriminator
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Application-Managed Entity Managers
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cascade element set to REMOVE or AL
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} .setParameter(1, name) .getResult
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25 CHAPTER 25 Persistence in theWeb
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A resource-local entity manager can
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public final class ContextListener
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public void buyBooks(ShoppingCart c
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26 CHAPTER 26 Persistence in the EJ
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eferencedColumnName="REVISION") })
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In order, two entities use compound
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@IdClass(order.entity.PartKey.class
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SPECIFICATION is mapped to the fiel
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@NamedQuery( name="findAllOrders",
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You will see the output from the SQ
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appclient-command-common: [exec] Co
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@JoinColumn(name="PLAYER_ID", refer
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AutomaticTable Generation in the ro
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[echo] running application client c
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27 CHAPTER 27 The Java Persistence
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Example Queries update_statement ::
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Navigating to Single-Valued Relatio
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See also: “NULL Comparison Expres
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TABLE 27-1 BNF Symbol Summary (Cont
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[where_clause] [groupby_clause] [ha
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oolean_primary ::= state_field_path
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IdentificationVariables An identifi
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SELECT c FROM Customer c INNER JOIN
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FROM Player AS p, IN (p.teams) t WH
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TABLE 27-2 Query Language Order Pre
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SELECT t FROM Team t WHERE t.league
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TABLE 27-4 String Expressions (Cont
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Two strings are equal only if they
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SELECT COUNT(o) FROM Order o The fo
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PART VI Services Part Six explores
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28 CHAPTER 28 Introduction to Secur
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FIGURE 28-1 Initial Request Web Cli
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FIGURE 28-5 Invoking an Enterprise
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■ Auditing: The means used to cap
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Transport-Layer Security Transport-
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This tutorial does not document how
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Securing the Application Server Thi
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FIGURE 28-6 Mapping Roles to Users
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Some OtherTerminology The following
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For applications, you define securi
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Establishing a Secure Connection Us
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mechanism can alleviate this concer
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procedure outlined in the next sect
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Signing Digital Certificates After
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There are at least two ways to enab
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Further Information about Security
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29 CHAPTER 29 Securing Java EE Appl
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Although transparent to the applica
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} } ... // who have the security ro
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If the @DeclareRoles annotation is
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hr-department This role includes
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Specifying Method Permissions Using
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■ The method element uses the ejb
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Mapping Security Roles to Applicati
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The run-as identity applies to the
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The following is a listing of annot
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■ confidentiality: This element s
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Accepting Unauthenticated Users Web
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6. Build, package, and deploy the e
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Enterprise Bean Example Application
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[exec] Bel Canto [exec] Kafka on th
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package converter.secure.ejb; impor
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supported false -1
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Discussion: Securing the Duke’s B
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Using Programmatic Login Programmat
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false Securing EIS Applications You
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30 CHAPTER 30 SecuringWeb Applicati
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Working with Security Roles If you
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Specifying Security Roles Using Dep
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Checking Caller Identity Programmat
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checking the provided role name aga
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applications for annotations that s
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} } //.... } myCart.getTotal(); //.
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Defining Security Requirements forW
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example POST GET exampleRole CO
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GET POST CLIENT When the same u
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When you try to access a web resour
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HTTP basic authentication is not a
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Using Login Forms When creating a f
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FIGURE 30-4 Certificate-Based Mutua
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■ You can define a transport guar
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for the JSP page used in this examp
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hello1_formauth index index /ind
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Mapping Application Roles to Applic
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3. Enter a user name and password c
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Example: Basic Authentication with
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Specifying the Security Constraint
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Mapping Application Roles to Applic
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3. A default login form displays. E
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3. Clean out files from the previou
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specify that users in the applicati
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shown below (modifications from the
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If the username and password you en
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31 CHAPTER 31 The Java Message Serv
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■ The application business model
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The next section introduces the JMS
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FIGURE 31-3 Point-to-Point Messagin
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■ Messages Figure 31-5 shows how
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In addition to injecting a connecti
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MessageProducer producer = session.
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JMS Message Selectors If your messa
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TABLE 31-2 JMS Message Types (Conti
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In a Java EE application, some of t
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6. Sends one or more messages to th
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cd producer 2. To create all the re
Page 913 and 914:
a. Right-click the synchconsumer pr
Page 915 and 916:
6. In a different terminal window,
Page 917 and 918:
} } else { System.out.println("Mess
Page 919 and 920:
The output of the program looks lik
Page 921 and 922:
Writing the Client Program for the
Page 923 and 924:
The output of the program looks lik
Page 925 and 926:
Destination type is queue Reading m
Page 927 and 928:
FIGURE 31-6 Sending Messages from O
Page 929 and 930:
ant delete-remote-factory Remember
Page 931 and 932:
Creating Robust JMS Applications In
Page 933 and 934:
c. Select the ackequivexample folde
Page 935 and 936:
producer.setPriority(7); ■ You ca
Page 937 and 938:
You establish the unique identity o
Page 939 and 940:
program contains a DurableSubscribe
Page 941 and 942:
are acknowledged. A transaction rol
Page 943 and 944:
This example shows how to use a que
Page 945 and 946:
FIGURE 31-10 Transactions: JMS Clie
Page 947 and 948:
Quantity to be ordered is 3 Retaile
Page 949 and 950:
Using Session Beans to Produce and
Page 951 and 952:
It may implement a @PostConstruct c
Page 953 and 954:
■ Bean-managed transactions: You
Page 955 and 956:
32 CHAPTER 32 Java EE Examples Usin
Page 957 and 958:
FIGURE 32-1 A Java EE Application:
Page 959 and 960:
Coding the Message-Driven Bean: Mes
Page 961 and 962:
Building, Deploying, and Running th
Page 963 and 964:
A Java EE ApplicationThat Uses the
Page 965 and 966:
3. Creates a MessageConsumer for th
Page 967 and 968:
Page 969 and 970:
Page 971 and 972:
An Application ExampleThat Consumes
Page 973 and 974:
Creating Resources for the consumer
Page 975 and 976:
Sending message: This is message 1
Page 977 and 978:
ant undeploy You can also delete th
Page 979 and 980:
FIGURE 32-4 A Java EE Application T
Page 981 and 982:
An Application ExampleThat Deploys
Page 983 and 984:
An Application ExampleThat Deploys
Page 985 and 986:
To deploy the replybean module on t
Page 987 and 988:
Replace remote-system-name with the
Page 989 and 990:
33 CHAPTER 33 Transactions A typica
Page 991 and 992:
FIGURE 33-1 Transaction Scope TX1{
Page 993 and 994:
Summary ofTransaction Attributes Ta
Page 995 and 996:
Synchronizing a Session Bean’s In
Page 997 and 998:
In a stateful session bean with a J
Page 999 and 1000:
FIGURE 33-3 Updating Multiple Datab
Page 1001 and 1002:
34 CHAPTER 34 Resource Connections
Page 1003 and 1004:
Resource Injection A JDBC connectio
Page 1005 and 1006:
package com.example; public class S
Page 1007 and 1008:
Like a database connection, a mail
Page 1009 and 1010:
This compiles the source code and c
Page 1011 and 1012:
35 CHAPTER 35 Connector Architectur
Page 1013 and 1014:
FIGURE 35-2 Resource Adapter Module
Page 1015 and 1016:
Outbound Contracts The Connector ar
Page 1017 and 1018:
The component performs its interact
Page 1019 and 1020:
PART VII Case Studies Part Seven pr
Page 1021 and 1022:
36 CHAPTER 36 The Coffee Break Appl
Page 1023 and 1024:
Common Code 5. When an order is pla
Page 1025 and 1026:
The Coffee Break servers send two k
Page 1027 and 1028:
With the creation of the request me
Page 1029 and 1030:
Ordering Coffee The other kind of m
Page 1031 and 1032:
} childName = new QName("price"); S
Page 1033 and 1034:
In the following code fragment, doP
Page 1035 and 1036:
} } else { StringBuffer concat = ne
Page 1037 and 1038:
} // Retrieve orderID from message
Page 1039 and 1040:
... When this tag is proc
Page 1041 and 1042:
■ “The CoffeeBreakBean JavaBean
Page 1043 and 1044:
com.sun.cb.CheckoutFormBean reques
Page 1045 and 1046:
Page 1047 and 1048:
FIGURE 36-2 Order Form Building, Pa
Page 1049 and 1050:
37 CHAPTER 37 The Duke’s Bank App
Page 1051 and 1052:
Session Beans The Duke’s Bank app
Page 1053 and 1054:
method, like all methods in session
Page 1055 and 1056:
FIGURE 37-2 Database Tables Custome
Page 1057 and 1058:
Customer Info tab: ■ View custome
Page 1059 and 1060:
Note - The source code for the web
Page 1061 and 1062:
In the Duke’s Bank application, C
Page 1063 and 1064:
The page fragment template/links.js
Page 1065 and 1066:
The action attribute has the expres
Page 1067 and 1068:
After the customer has been authent
Page 1069 and 1070:
Page 1071 and 1072:
FIGURE 37-6 Account List Building,
Page 1073 and 1074:
PART VIII Appendixes Part Eight con
Page 1075 and 1076:
A APPENDIX A Java Encoding Schemes
Page 1077 and 1078:
B APPENDIX B About the Authors Java
Page 1079 and 1080:
Index Numbers and Symbols @DeclareR
Page 1081 and 1082:
annotations (Continued) @XmlTransie
Page 1083 and 1084:
client applications, JMS (Continued
Page 1085 and 1086:
Converter implementation classes (C
Page 1087 and 1088:
detachNode method, 591 Detail inter
Page 1089 and 1090:
event and listener model (Continued
Page 1091 and 1092:
IOR security, 814-816 isCallerInRol
Page 1093 and 1094:
JavaServer Faces standard UI compon
Page 1095 and 1096:
jsp:output element, 194 JSP pages,
Page 1097 and 1098:
listeners HTTP, 775 IIOP, 775 local
Page 1099 and 1100:
objects, administered (JMS), 897-89
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queues (Continued) creating, 898-89
Page 1103 and 1104:
security (Continued) programmatic,
Page 1105 and 1106:
SSL (Continued) connectors Applicat
Page 1107 and 1108:
transactions (Continued) session be
Page 1109 and 1110:
unified expression language (Contin
Page 1111 and 1112:
web modules (Continued) viewing dep
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