Oracle C++ Call Interface Programmer's Guide

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Advanced Relational Techniques processors, and on single processor systems where overlap can occur between slower operations and faster operations. Thread Safety and Three-Tier Architectures In addition to client/server applications, where the client can be a shared server program, a typical use of shared server applications is in three-tier (also called client-agent-server) architectures. In this architecture, the client is concerned only with presentation services. The agent (or application server) processes the application logic for the client application. Typically, this relationship is a many-to-one relationship, with multiple clients sharing the same application server. The server tier in the three-tier architecture is an Oracle database server. The applications server (agent) is very well suited to being a shared server application server, with each thread serving a client application. In an Oracle environment, this middle-tier application server is an OCCI or precompiler program. Implementing Thread Safety In order to take advantage of thread safety by using OCCI, an application must be running on a thread-safe platform. Then the application must inform OCCI that the application is running in shared server mode by specifying THREADED_MUTEXED or THREADED_UNMUTEXED for the mode parameter of the createEnvironment method. For example, to turn on mutual exclusivity locking, issue the following statement: Environment *env = Environment::createEnvironment(Environment::THREADED_ MUTEXED); Note that once createEnvironment is called with THREADED_MUTEXED or THREADED_UNMUTEXED, all subsequent calls to the createEnvironment method must also be made with THREADED_MUTEXED or THREADED_UNMUTEXED modes. If a shared server application is running on a thread-safe platform, then the OCCI library will manage mutexes for the application on a for each-OCCI-environment basis. However, you can override this feature and have your application maintain its own mutex scheme. This is done by specifying a mode value of THREADED_ UNMUTEXED to the createEnvironment method. 2-24 Oracle C++ Call Interface Programmer’s Guide
Note: Advanced Relational Techniques ■ Applications running on non-thread-safe platforms should not pass a value of THREADED_MUTEXED or THREADED_ UNMUTEXED to the createEnvironment method. ■ If an application is single threaded, whether or not the platform is thread safe, the application should pass a value of Environment::DEFAULT to the createEnvironment method. This is also the default value for the mode parameter. Single threaded applications which run in THREADED_ MUTEXED mode may incur performance degradation. Shared Server Concurrency As an application programmer, you have two basic options regarding concurrency in a shared server environment: ■ Automatic serialization, in which you utilize OCCI’s transparent mechanisms ■ Application-provided serialization, in which you manage the contingencies involved in maintaining multiple threads Automatic Serialization In cases where there are multiple threads operating on objects (connections and connection pools) derived from an OCCI environment, you can elect to let OCCI serialize access to those objects. The first step is to pass a value of THREADED_MUTEXED to the createEnvironment method. At this point, the OCCI library automatically acquires a mutex on thread-safe objects in the environment. When the OCCI environment is created with THREADED_MUTEXED mode, then only the Environment, Map, ConnectionPool, and Connection objects are thread-safe. That is, if two threads make simultaneous calls on one of these objects, then OCCI serializes them internally. However, note that all other OCCI objects, such as Statement, ResultSet, SQLException, Stream, and so on, are not thread-safe as, applications should not operate on these objects simultaneously from multiple threads. Note that the bulk of processing for an OCCI call happens on the server, so if two threads that use OCCI calls go to the same connection, then one of them could be blocked while the other finishes processing at the server. Relational Programming 2-25
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Oracle® C++ Call Interface Program
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List List of Figures Tables Content
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Null and Truncated Data............
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6 Metadata Overview of Metadata ...
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length() ..........................
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flushCache().......................
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getSecond() .......................
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cos()..............................
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operator new().....................
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isTruncated() .....................
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setCharacterStreamMode() ..........
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Index occiinh.typ .................
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List of Tables 2-1 Normal Data - No
Page 27 and 28: Oracle C++ Call Interface Programme
Page 29 and 30: Preface The Oracle C++ Call Interfa
Page 31 and 32: Related Documentation Chapter 4, "D
Page 33 and 34: Conventions in Text We use various
Page 35 and 36: Convention Meaning Example UPPERCAS
Page 37 and 38: What’s New in Orace C++ Call Inte
Page 39: ■ Number Class ■ operator signe
Page 43 and 44: 1 Introduction to OCCI This chapter
Page 45 and 46: Building an OCCI Application Overvi
Page 47 and 48: Processing of SQL Statements In an
Page 49 and 50: Overview of PL/SQL SELECT dname FRO
Page 51 and 52: Object Support Client-Side Object C
Page 53 and 54: Metadata Class Object Support ■ B
Page 55 and 56: 2 Relational Programming This chapt
Page 57 and 58: . . . stmt->closeResultSet(rs); con
Page 59 and 60: const string poolUserName = "SCOTT"
Page 61 and 62: ■ executeArrayUpdate: To execute
Page 63 and 64: Standard Statements Types of SQL St
Page 65 and 66: Types of SQL Statements in the OCCI
Page 67 and 68: Executing SQL Queries Executing SQL
Page 69 and 70: Specifying the Query } Executing SQ
Page 71 and 72: Status Definitions Executing Statem
Page 73 and 74: Executing Statements Dynamically No
Page 75 and 76: Null and Truncated Data Error Handl
Page 77: Advanced Relational Techniques In T
Page 81 and 82: Optimizing Performance Advanced Rel
Page 83 and 84: Advanced Relational Techniques indi
Page 85 and 86: 3 Object Programming This chapter p
Page 87 and 88: Persistent Objects Working with Obj
Page 89 and 90: Values In the context of this manua
Page 91 and 92: See Also: Developing an OCCI Object
Page 93 and 94: Figure 3-1 Basic Object Operational
Page 95 and 96: Developing an OCCI Object Applicati
Page 97 and 98: Overview of Associative Access Maxi
Page 99 and 100: Retrieving an Object Reference (REF
Page 101 and 102: } Overview of Navigational Access T
Page 103 and 104: Overview of Complex Object Retrieva
Page 105 and 106: ■ The reference to the root purch
Page 107 and 108: } void *operator new(size_t size, c
Page 109 and 110: Freeing Objects Type Inheritance Ty
Page 111 and 112: Type Inheritance Instance substitut
Page 113 and 114: A Sample OCCI Application void *ope
Page 115 and 116: } cout
Page 117 and 118: } A Sample OCCI Application /* comm
Page 119 and 120: 4 Datatypes This chapter is a refer
Page 121 and 122: Internal Datatypes Note: There are
Page 123 and 124: External Datatypes ■ OCCI_SQLT_CH
Page 125 and 126: Table 4-2 External Datatypes, C++ D
Page 127 and 128: External Datatypes CHARZ The extern
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External Datatypes FLOAT The extern
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External Datatypes LONG The externa
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OCCI BYTES OCCI CLOB OCCI DATE See
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External Datatypes When RAW data in
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External Datatypes is not an intege
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Table 4-5 Data Conversions Internal
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LONG RAW I/O LONG VARRAW I/O OCCI B
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The following topics are covered in
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External LOBs (BFILEs) Overview of
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Table 5-1 OCCI LOB Classes and Meth
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Creating LOBs Table 5-1 OCCI LOB Cl
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LOB Classes and Methods Note: For i
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{ Blob blob=rset->getBlob(1); if(bl
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} blob.writeChunk(, buffer, BUFSIZE
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Updating LOBs LOB Classes and Metho
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Objects with LOB Attributes 5. Repi
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6 Metadata This chapter describes h
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Describing Database Metadata You ob
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Metatdata Code Examples Table 6-1 A
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Describing Database Metadata /* Cal
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Attribute Reference . . /* Create a
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Table 6-2 Attributes Belonging to A
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Package Attributes Type Attributes
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Type Attribute Attributes Table 6-8
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Collection Attributes Table 6-10 At
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Synonym Attributes Sequence Attribu
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Table 6-14 Attributes Belonging to
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List Attributes Table 6-15 Attribut
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Table 6-18 Attributes Specific to D
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7 How to Use the Object Type Transl
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How to Use the OTT Utility the Type
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How to Use the OTT Utility Example
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}; virtual void writeSQL(oracle::oc
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} streamOCCI_.setString(name); stre
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Invoking the OTT Utility For global
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Invoking the OTT Utility userid Par
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Overview of the INTYPE File The lin
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OTT Utility Datatype Mappings The O
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OTT Utility Datatype Mappings Note:
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the_clob CLOB, the_object object_ty
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OTT Utility Datatype Mappings When
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class other_type : public oracle::o
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Overview of the OUTTYPE File its ve
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Figure 7-1 The OTT Utility with OCC
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The OTT Utility and OCCI Applicatio
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}; static void *readSQL(void *ctxOC
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public: }; void *operator new(size_
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{ FullName *objOCCI_ = (FullName *)
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excep.setErrorCtx(ctxOCCI_); } retu
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} setVector(streamOCCI_, PREV_ADDR_
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TYPE SCOTT.FULL_NAME AS FullName VE
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}; The OTT Utility and OCCI Applica
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***********************************
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#endif Map Registry Function The OT
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public: }; void *operator new(size_
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}; static void *readSQL(void *ctxOC
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eturn; } void CFullName::writeSQL(o
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eturn oracle::occi::PObject::operat
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Properties of OTT Markers Following
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Where the Markers Can Be Used Carry
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Carrying Forward User Added Code be
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DROP TABLE PERSON_TAB; DROP TABLE A
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Carrying Forward User Added Code AD
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}; PERSON_O(); Carrying Forward Use
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addr = new_addr; this->markModified
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} return; } void ADDRESS_O::writeSQ
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} streamOCCI_.setString(last_name);
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mdemo1m.cpp // --------------------
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conn->terminateStatement(stmt); //
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Example OCCI Application Example OC
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■ Example of C++ Source File for
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OCCI_STD_NAMESPACE::string STATE; O
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}; void *operator new(size_t size);
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OCCI_STD_NAMESPACE::string CFullNam
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} streamOCCI_.setString(FirstName);
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{ if (objOCCI_->isNull()) streamOCC
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OCCI_STD_NAMESPACE::string CPerson:
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{ return oracle::occi::PObject::ope
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#ifndef CPERSON_ORACLE # include "c
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Example OCCI Application /*********
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* initialize MyFullName */ MyFullNa
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* Display all the information of My
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Example OCCI Application conn, and
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} RefAny jillrefany = resultSet2->g
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Connection *conn = env->createConne
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OTT Command Line Syntax OTT Utility
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■ CPPFILE Parameter ■ ERRTYPE P
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OTT Utility Reference CONFIG Parame
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INITFUNC=filename OTT Utility Refer
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See Also: "SCHEMA_NAMES Usage" on p
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Structure of the INTYPE File OTT Ut
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■ It appears in the INTYPE file.
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struct px1_ind col1 }; typedef stru
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OTT Utility Reference The Pro*C/C++
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OTT Utility Reference Once the OTT
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This part contains one chapter: ■
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Summary of OCCI Classes Summary of
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OCCI Classes and Methods using Decl
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Bfile Class close() closeStream() T
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Bfile Class isInitialized() isNull(
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Bfile Class operator!=() read() Syn
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Blob Class Blob Class The Blob clas
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Blob Class close() closeStream() co
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Blob Class getStream() isInitialize
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Blob Class operator==() operator!=
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Blob Class setNull() trim() write()
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Blob Class buffer The buffer contai
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Bytes Class getBytes() isNull() Par
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Clob Class Clob Class The Clob clas
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Clob Class append() close() closeSt
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Clob Class getCharSetId() getChunkS
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Clob Class open() operator=() opera
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Clob Class setCharSetId() setCharSe
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Clob Class write() Valid values are
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Connection Class Connection Class T
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Connection Class flushCache() This
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Connection Class Syntax LNOCIServer
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ConnectionPool Class createConnecti
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ConnectionPool Class getMinConnecti
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ConnectionPool Class Syntax void te
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Date Class Summary of Date Methods
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Date Class addDays() addMonths() da
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Date Class getDate() getSystemDate(
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Date Class operator==() operator!=(
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Date Class operator
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Date Class toZone() const string &n
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Environment Class Environment Class
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Environment Class Syntax Connection
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Environment Class getCacheMaxSize()
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Environment Class terminateConnecti
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IntervalDS Class Constructs an Inte
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IntervalDS Class fromText() getDay(
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IntervalDS Class operator*=() opera
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IntervalDS Class operator/=() opera
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IntervalDS Class operator-=() opera
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IntervalDS Class toText() This meth
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IntervalYM Class The following code
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IntervalYM Class getMonth() getYear
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IntervalYM Class operator!=() opera
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IntervalYM Class operator
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IntervalYM Class set() setNull() to
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Map Class Map Class The Map class i
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MetaData Class MetaData Class A Met
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MetaData Class Summary of MetaData
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MetaData Class getMetaData() getNum
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MetaData Class getVector() operator
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Number Class Translates a native lo
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Number Class nu4 = nu1 + nu2; /* Co
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Number Class Table 8-14 Number Meth
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Number Class arcTan2() ceil() cos()
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Number Class hypCos() hypSin() hypT
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Number Class operator++() operator-
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Number Class operator-() operator-(
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Number Class operator>=() operator=
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Number Class operator%=() operator+
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Number Class operator long() operat
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Number Class round() setNull() shif
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Number Class toText() trunc() Synta
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PObject Class PObject Class OCCI pr
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PObject Class isLocked() isNull() l
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PObject Class operator new() pin()
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Ref Class Ref Class The mapping in
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Ref Class isClear() isNull() markDe
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Ref Class operator=() ptr() Paramet
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Ref Class setNull() unmarkDelete()
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RefAny Class getConnection() getRef
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ResultSet Class ResultSet Class Res
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ResultSet Class Table 8-18 ResultSe
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ResultSet Class getBfile() getBlob(
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ResultSet Class getCurrentStreamCol
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ResultSet Class getFloat() getInt()
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ResultSet Class getNumber() getObje
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ResultSet Class getString() getTime
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ResultSet Class vector &vect); void
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ResultSet Class isNull() isTruncate
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ResultSet Class Parameters setBinar
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ResultSet Class in the *length para
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ResultSet Class setMaxColumnSize()
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SQLException Class getMessage() set
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Statement Class Table 8-20 Statemen
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Statement Class Table 8-20 Statemen
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Statement Class closeStream() execu
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Statement Class arrayLength paramet
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Statement Class getBfile() getBlob(
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Statement Class getCurrentStreamIte
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Statement Class getFloat() getInt()
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Statement Class getObject() getOCIS
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Statement Class getString() getTime
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Statement Class vector &vect; void
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Statement Class isNull() isTruncate
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Statement Class setAutoCommit() set
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Statement Class setBytes() x The pa
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Statement Class Syntax void setDate
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Statement Class setDataBufferArray(
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Statement Class setDouble() setErro
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Statement Class setIntervalDS() set
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Statement Class setNumber() setObje
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Statement Class setRef() setRowid()
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Statement Class setUInt() setVector
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Statement Class void setVector(Stat
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Statement Class status() sqltype sq
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Stream Class readLastBuffer() write
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Timestamp Class Timestamp Class Thi
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Timestamp Class } if(reft() on page
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Timestamp Class getDate() getTime()
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Timestamp Class intervalSub() isNul
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Timestamp Class operator>=() operat
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Timestamp Class setNull() setTime()
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Timestamp Class toText() Return str
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A OCCI Demonstration Programs Oracl
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OCCI Demonstration Programs # 2. A
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OCCI Demonstration Programs # 2. A
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OCCI Demonstration Programs occidem
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occiblob.cpp build_static: $(OBJS)
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} /** * printing the blob data as i
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occiclob.cpp { Blob blob = rset->ge
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* populating the clob; */ void popu
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int clobLength=clob.length (); cout
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~occicoll () { env->terminateConnec
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Deleting a row in a nested table vo
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occidesc.cpp cout
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OCCI Demonstration Programs cout
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OCCI Demonstration Programs else co
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cout
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case OCCI_SQLT_LBI : return "LONG R
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void insertBind (int c1, string c2)
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{ OCCI Demonstration Programs strin
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using namespace oracle::occi; using
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fs_obj->setpartner(fs_partner); fs_
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fs_ref->getleader(); /* Leader's Pa
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occiobj.cpp OCCI Demonstration Prog
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}catch(SQLException ex) { cout
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occipobj.typ occipobj.cpp demo->upd
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OCCI Demonstration Programs /** * I
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OCCI Demonstration Programs RefAny
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** * Destructor for the occipool te
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#include #include using namespace
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occistre.cpp OCCI Demonstration Pro
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delete (demo); cout
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A application-provided serializatio
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OCCI DATE, 4-15 OCCI INTERVALDS, 4-
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N RefAny methods, 8-139, 8-143 setD
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RESULT_SET_AVAILABLE status, 2-17,
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