Leading an Extraordinary Life: Wise Practices for an HIV ... - 2 Spirits

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acceptance. Sexually explicit HIV prevention images clearly turn them off of the message and may reinforce barriers to the adoption of the basic message of safer sex. Sexually explicit posters are completely ineffective with Two-Spirit men. New posters should speak to love, care, respect, and inclusion. The absence of love and tenderness in the Two-Spirit men’s life experiences should not be further compounded with the production of more sexually explicit material that enforces a barrier to their adoption of the message. Non-Aboriginal ASOs who design and display materials in venues frequented by Two-Spirit men should be made aware of this finding. 4.5 Cultural survival Focus group participants found two posters regarding the history Aboriginal cultural survival to be highly effective. A poster from the United States (#49) contains a Residential Schools and Disease Poster #49 Poster #62 “Extremely, extremely powerful”, “very emotional”, “I get a rush from it”, “historical is important”, “It is all about the fight!”, “Survival defines First Nations”, “[I] identity with it”, “a history of what we’ve been through”, “we are survivors”, “no matter what they throw at us, we are still here”, “shows history of what we have come from”. “elder brings it power and respect”, “Brillant”, “very, very impactful”, “I think people will read every word”, “people want to know history”, “old pictures work – very effective”, “like it – about history”. real archival photograph of Aboriginal youth lined up outside an American residential school. The caption reads, “They survived war, displacement, missionaries, smallpox, and boarding schools. We can’t let AIDS beat us now”. A similar poster (#62) by the Alberta Aboriginal ASO, Feather of Hope, features an abstract drawing of an Aboriginal elder with the message, “In the old days it was TB and smallpox, Now its AIDS. Protect the People. Get Involved”. Both posters were viewed as very powerful and effective. Emotional responses included, “Extremely, extremely powerful”. Participants identified strongly with the concept of survival, stating, “[I] identity with it”, “shows history of what we have come from”, and “we are survivors”. The finding is that historical themes of cultural survival resonate with Two-Spirit men as it situates them in a historical continuum of struggle and survival. Survival is 34
linked to the motivation not to give up and to make the adjustments necessary for personal and cultural survival. 4.6 Barriers: Issues of sincerity, glamour, and self-identification Two-Spirit men have grown up knowing they are different. Unlike the most recent generation of Western gay men, they continue to grow up in the absence of role models with whom they can develop a sense of their identity and project themselves into the future. As indicated above, there is a current absence of visible Two-Spirit role models, especially for youth on Reserves where sexual health is not discussed and sexuality materials are not readily available. In social marketing, it is well known that role models must be chosen with care. 94 The selection of the wrong role model is more than just ineffective, it can cause Two- Spirit men to feel more isolated and alienated from society. As found above, sexually explicit images do not motivate Two-Spirit men to adopt safer sex behaviours and alienates them from the messaging. In this section, it is found that additional barriers can be created or reinforced by the selection of role models that are: 1) insincere, and 2) too glamorous. Participants exhibited strong negative responses to posters with models who Lack of sincerity in Aboriginal models “nice smile but HIV is a serious thing” (#68) “actor is not convincing” (#50) “looks like a fashion plate” (#50) “the face and message don’t match” (#50) “too healthy” (#50) “looks fake” (#50) “she is too happy” (#59) “too happy, needs to be more serious” (#59) “not impressed, the guy is not real” (#65) “just a guy who likes to fish” (#65) “smile bugs me” (#70) “don’t like arms crossed, it is a shield” (#70) “not a sincere look” (#67) “can’t relate to him” (#67) “too much of a role model – don’t relate to the well-off Indian” (#67) “tired of the clean cut people” (#50, #67) “get someone from the hood” (#67) 94 Wellings and Field 1996: 64. appeared to be insincere and/or emotionally unaffected by HIV. Of particular concern are posters intended to target Aboriginal audiences. Specifically, a Canadian poster (#50) designed to addresses Aboriginal homophobia, stigma, and isolation failed poorly in this study. It is important to note why. The poster features an Aboriginal male with the caption “Because of HIV, Greg’s family doesn’t talk to him any more.” It concludes with the message, “Don’t add to 35
Page 1 and 2: Leading an Extraordinary Life: Wise
Page 3 and 4: Index 1 Discussion of the problem 1
Page 5 and 6: Leading an Extraordinary Life: Wise
Page 7 and 8: workers were among the first to coi
Page 9 and 10: All in all, there is a lot that we
Page 11 and 12: Voices of Two-Spirited Men heard mu
Page 13 and 14: to risk vary greatly by culture and
Page 15 and 16: two Two-Spirit men in traditional r
Page 17 and 18: Participants were recruited through
Page 19 and 20: sexist, patriarchal assumptions, wh
Page 21 and 22: Once again, parents clearly conside
Page 23 and 24: Once again, the account is that Two
Page 25 and 26: “extreme remedy against the vices
Page 27 and 28: you know there is no room for your
Page 29 and 30: 4.1 Target consumers During their r
Page 31 and 32: Another PPPNZF poster (#44) describ
Page 33 and 34: Four posters that contain images of
Page 35 and 36: was brave for a European bishop to
Page 37: The focus groups’ view that effec
Page 41 and 42: A few non-Aboriginal posters in the
Page 43 and 44: 5. Refinement of the Analysis regar
Page 45 and 46: elationships based on affection and
Page 47 and 48: colonization: teaching Aboriginal c
Page 49 and 50: Not all posters containing Aborigin
Page 51 and 52: In a very innovative medium, the Au
Page 53 and 54: suburbia, to plains, and mountains.
Page 55 and 56: community homophobia, and 2) Two-Sp
Page 57 and 58: the historical traditions and lives
Page 59 and 60: programme.” 114 The Public Health
Page 61 and 62: Brotman, S., B. Ryan 2002 “Reclai
Page 63 and 64: DuBois, M.J. 1994 Survey of urban A
Page 65 and 66: Marquette, Jacques 1674 “Of the f
Page 67 and 68: Pauktuuti Inuit Women’s Associati

Leading an Extraordinary Life: Wise Practices for an HIV ... - 2 Spirits

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