Internationalization

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Internationalization Internationalization is a long-term process. It is the process of designing a product so that it can be adapted to various languages and regions without engineering changes. Think of internationalization as readiness for localization. Internationalization can save significant expense, time, and headaches for everyone involved. Sometimes written as "i18n", internationalization evolved from a growing demand for multilingual products and applications. There are many benefits to i18n, including: Easier adaptation of software applications (or other content) to multiple locales Reduced time and cost for localization Single, internationalized source code for all versions of the product Simpler maintenance Improved quality and code architecture Reduced overall cost of ownership of the multiple versions of the product Adherence to international standards Some practical examples of how internationalization is critical to multilingual products include: Independence from a specific language/character set encoding Independence from specific cultural conventions Removal of hard-coded text Minimization of concatenated text strings Careful use of in-line variables Compatibility with third-party tools Unicode compliance for global text display Accommodation of double-byte languages (for example, Japanese) Accommodation of right-to-left languages (for example, Arabic) Internationalization is a critical business process for any company producing multilingual products. It is important to consider the various markets a product will target and make the necessary adaptations early in product design and development. Many users have experienced the frustration of non-internationalized products — forms not having the currency they expect, fields or text boxes being too large or too small for their contents ... and countless other frustrations big and small. For businesses and products to succeed internationally, i18n is critical. 1
When done right, i18n makes subsequent localization tasks much easier, faster, and less expensive. Internationalization responsibilities rest primarily on the shoulders of development teams and software engineers, but some full-service localization providers offer i18n consulting services as well. Internationalization might mean designing a website that when it is translated from English to Spanish the layout still works - many words in Spanish have more characters and therefore take up more space on the page in Spanish than in English. Within the internationalization, we have import and export: Export The term export means shipping in the goods and services out of the jurisdiction of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an "exporter" and is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an "importer". In international trade, "exports" refers to selling goods and services produced in the home country to other markets. Export of commercial quantities of goods normally requires involvement of the customs authorities in both the country of export and the country of import. The advent of small trades over the internet such as through Amazon and eBay have largely bypassed the involvement of Customs in many countries because of the low individual values of these trades. Nonetheless, these small exports are still subject to legal restrictions applied by the country of export. An export's counterpart is an import. An export is a function of international trade whereby goods produced in one country, they are shipped to another country for future sale or trade. The sale of such goods adds to the producing nation's gross output. If used for trade, exports are exchanged for other products or services in other countries. Exports are one of the oldest forms of economic transfer and occur on a large scale between nations that have fewer restrictions on trade, such as tariffs or subsides. Most of the largest companies operating advanced economies derive a substantial portion of their annual revenues from exports to other countries. Companies export products and services for a multitude of reasons. Exporting, if done correctly, has the ability to increase sales and profits by expanding into new markets. Advantages of exporting Ownership advantages are the firm's specific assets, international experience, and the ability to develop either low-cost or differentiated products within the contacts of its value chain. The locational advantages of a particular market are a combination of market potential and investment risk. Internationalization advantages are the benefits of retaining a core competence within the company and threading it though the value chain rather than obtain to license, outsource, or sell it. In relation to the Eclectic paradigm, companies that have low levels of ownership advantages either do not enter foreign markets. If the company and its products are equipped with ownership 2
Page 1: 2017 Internationalization LAN AUKER
Page 5 and 6: It is considered to be the most pop
Page 7 and 8: Looking for any product around the
Page 9 and 10: BOJ Olañeta: BOJ is an Spanish com
Page 11 and 12: 1943 • Company founded in Eibar 1
Page 13 and 14: In order to be able to test the who
Page 15 and 16: Internationalized but not internati
Page 17 and 18: innovation to promote new, better t
Page 19 and 20: year when the water Alzola was decl
Page 21 and 22: FUNDICIONES URKOASE: This company s
Page 23 and 24: ISO 9001:2008 THE GROUP IN SPAIN: D
Page 25 and 26: 2006-Acquisition of EUROFIBER, a co
Page 27 and 28: In 2005 Alcorta Brockhaus S.A. is a

Internationalization

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?