wp_U_20120801

34567
5 6>56
˙˚
˙)
˙˚˚H

34567
S`*3
V*3/\-\ ,m]daV*B
86 5>> 5=9 )˛%
AUGUST 1, 2012
˚& ˝ wb\`\31,*q +*jZqx a\ab\Sb , ]`\aW*,W1ZSS 1-\,m \-* P 1`f\,Z\-\ `*,Sb1Wq a1O
W1ZZ\yD /`1,ZS1 ,`1Y1Z* ab\`\31,m1 +*jZS ]\4,\WqWS Wp/qY Z*+Wp/*bn 4* ]`\Saf\/qkSYD \/\+ZmY
\+`*4\Y ob\b 3d`Z*W ]\V*4m,*1bE V*V\1 4Z*h1ZS1 YS`\,m1 a\+mbSq SY1pb , a,1b1 +S+W1yaVSf ]`\`\h1ab,D Z
db1j*1b Wp/1y +W*-\y ,1abnp \ b\YE hb\ *`ab,\ \-* P `1*WnZ\1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ Z* Z1+1 P ,aV\`1 ]\V\ZO
hSb a\ 4W\Y S ,aq 41YWq ab*Z1b `*1YD 'b\b 3d`Z*W dV`1]Wq1b ,1`d , Sada* `Sab*E V\b\`my dY1`E hb\+m Ym
Y\-WS \+`1abS ,1hZdp 3S4ZnE S V\b\`my a1yh*a ]`*,Sb V*V *`n \3n1-\ *`ab,*D ,S/1b1WS 1-\,m S4/*O
pb ob\b 3d`Z*W Z1]`1`m,Z\ a 5

d/1a*
˚ ˛˝(
"˚ )H
wd/1a*E ]\ \]`1/1W1ZSpE Z*`dj*pb Z*dhZm1 ]`SZgS]mx
L˙ ˙˛E %"• ˚ )˛ MD
w1`* , hd/1a* ]\WZ\abnp `*gS\Z*WnZ*D d/1a* Z1 /SaV`1O
/SbS`dpb ,1`d , \-*D ZS a,S/1b1Wnab,dpb \ 1-\ Wp+,S
S \ b\YE hb\ \Z ]`SZSY*1b *VbS,Z\1 dh*abS1 , 3S4ZS
a,\1-\ b,\`1ZSqx L˚ ˚E ˚ MD
˚˚ WS ,m , hd/1a*H *V ,S/Z\ S4 obSf ,maV*4mO
,*ZSyE Wp/S \bZ\aqbaq V hd/1a*Y ]\O`*4Z\YdD V*V\y
b\hVS 4`1ZSq ]`S/1`3S,*1b1an ,mH
\4Y\3Z\E ,m Z1 `1jSb1an aV*4*bnB w) ,1`p , hd/1a*xE
b*V V*V +\Sb1anE hb\ ,*a ]`SYdb 4* ad1,1`Z\-\ S Y*W\\+`*4\O
,*ZZ\-\ h1W\,1V*D 'b\-\ \]*a*pbaq YZ\-S1D
Y\31bE ,m d+13/1ZmE hb\ hd/1a* ]`\Saf\/qbD *,1`ZqV*
,m ,1`Sb1 , hd/1a*E \ V\b\`mf -\,\`Sbaq , S+WSSE Z*]`SY1`
, b\E hb\ \Sa1y `*4/1WSW ,\/m `*aO
Z\-\ Y\`qD ,\4Y\3Z\E ,m ,1`Sb1E hb\
hd/1a* aWdh*pbaq S a1-\/ZqD \-W*aZ\
Z1/*,Z\ ]`\,1/1ZZ\Yd SaaW1/\,*ZSpE
w4Z*hSb1WnZ*q h*abn Z*a1W1ZSq 4*]*/O
Z\-\ YS`* P Z*]`SY1`E 7< ]`\g1ZO
b\, 3Sb1W1y 1WSV\+`Sb*ZSS S \V\W\
;9 ]`\g1Zb\, 3Sb1W1y " P ,1`Sb ,
hd/1a*x LThe Cambridge Companion to MiraclesMD
hd/1a* ,1`qb Z1 b\WnV\ f`SaO
bS*Z1D w`Sb*ZaV\y oZgSVW\]1/SS
`1WS-Sy YS`*x \bY1h*1baqE hb\ ,1`* ,
hd/1a* w]`Sadk* ]`*VbSh1aVS ,a1Y `1O
WS-SqYx LBritannica Encyclopedia of World
ReligionsMD
˚ ˙H
'b\ q,W1ZS1E V\b\`\1
]`1,\af\/Sb ]\ZSY*O
ZS1 Wp/1y S Z1\+lO
qaZSY\ S4,1abZmYS
4*V\Z*YS ]`S`\/mD
+mhZ\ 1-\ ]`S]SO
am,*pb a,1`fl1aO
b1ab,1ZZ\y aSW1
\ \h1Zn Y\31b +mbnE hb\ ,m ]`SZ*/W13Sb1 V b`1bn1y -`d]O
]1 Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 \b,1bSWS +mB w1 4Z*pE YZ1 ob\ +14`*4WShO
Z\D Y\1y 3S4ZS hd/1a Z1 ]`\Saf\/SbxD , a*Y\Y /1W1E ]\h1O
Yd hd/1a* /\W3Zm Z*a SZb1`1a\,*bnH
˝˚) ") ˙ 5 6>56 3

*aaY\b`SY ]`SY1`D `1/ab*,nb1E hb\ d
,*a Z1S4W1hSY*q +\W14ZnD \ , \/Z\Y *,b\O
`Sb1bZ\Y Y1/SgSZaV\Y 3d`Z*W1 ,m ]`\hSO
b*WS \ Z\,\Y W1V*`ab,1E V\b\`\1 Y\31b
,*a Sag1WSbnD *4,1 ,m Z1 ]\ab*`*1b1an `*O
4\+`*bnaqE /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ WS ob\ W1V*`ab,\
a]\a\+Z\ ,*Y ]\Y\hnH \/\+ZmY \+`*4\YE
, S+WSS 4*]Sa*Z\ \+1k*ZS1E hb\ ,aV\`1
]`\S4\y/db Z1+m,*Wm1 hd/1a*D ZS 4*b`\O
Zdb 3S4Zn V*3/\-\ 3S,\-\ adk1ab,* Z*
]W*Z1b1D \h1Yd +m Z1 ,m/1WSbn Z1YZ\-\
,`1Y1ZSE hb\+m `*4\+`*bnaqE Y\3Z\ WS /\O
,1`qbn ob\Yd \+1k*ZSpH
\ ]`13/1 /*,*yb1 `*aaY\b`SY b`S `*aO
]`\ab`*Z1ZZmf ,\4`*31ZSqE V\b\`m1 ,mO
aV*4m,*pb b1E Vb\ Z1 ,1`Sb , hd/1a*D
\4Y\3Zm WS hd/1a*H
˚% ˛˝˚)
˛˝˚˚ 5D d/1a* Z1,\4Y\3ZmE ]\O
b\Yd hb\ \ZS ]`\bS,\`1h*b 4*V\Z*Y ]`SO
`\/mD *j1 ]\ZSY*ZS1 4*V\Z\, ]`S`\/m
4S3/1baq Z* Z*+Wp/1ZSqf dh1ZmfE V\b\O
`m1 SaaW1/dpb \V`d3*pkSy YS`D 'bS 4*O
V\Zm h1YOb\ ]\f\3S Z* -`*YY*bSh1aVS1
]`*,SW* q4mV*B S4 ]`*,SW Y\-db +mbn SaO
VWph1ZSqD Z*j1 ]\ZSY*ZS1 obSf w]`*O
,SWx \h1Zn \-`*ZSh1ZZ\ L\, 7 ]*aa*3S`\,E a\,1`j*1b +1aO
]\a*/\hZmy ]1`1W1b S4 npO•\`V* , SZO
-*]d` a\ aV\`\abnp =>> VSW\Y1b`\, , h*aD
34567
˚aWS ,m 31W*1b1 ]\WdhSbn +\Wnj1 SZe\`Y*gSS SWS
f\bSb1E hb\+m a ,*YS ]`\,\/SW\an +1a]W*bZ\1 /\O
Y*jZ11 S4dh1ZS1 S+WSSE ]\3*Wdyab*E ]SjSb1 ,S/1O
b1WqY 1-\,m ]\ \/Z\Yd S4 ZS31dV*4*ZZmf */`1a\,D
\WZmy a]Sa\V */`1a\, eSWS*W\, Y\3Z\ Z*ybS Z*
www.watchtower.org/address.
4
`Y1ZSqB >>5>E ˚`1,*ZE *Nq ;9D 1W*`danB 1WS-S\4Z\1 \+lO
1/SZ1ZS1 ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m , 1a]d+WSV1 1W*`danE 66>>7>E
SZaVE *Nq =D 1WSV\+`Sb*ZSqB The Ridgeway, London
NW7 1RN. 1`Y*ZSqB 65617 Selters. `d4SqB >5>6E +SWSaSE
*Nq 67;D 4`*SWnB PO Box 29345, 61293 Tel Aviv. *4*fO
ab*ZB >9>>>>E WY*bmE *Nq 5=>E SjO
V1VE *Nq D *b,SqB A.k. 15, Rıga, LV-1001. Sb,*B Pd 2632,
LT-48022 Kaunas. \W/\,*B PO Box 472E MD-2005 Chi Ÿsin au.
‘
\aaSqB ,S/1b1WqY 1-\,mE *Nq 5>>>D "B 25 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, NY 11201-2483.
V`*SZ*B ;=8=5E n,T,O`pf\,ShTE */a =99D SZWqZ/SqB
PO Box 68, FI-01301 Vantaa. 'ab\ZSqB PO Box 1075,10302 Tallinn.
The Watchtower (ISSN 0043-1087) is published semimonthly
by Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New
York, Inc.; L. Weaver, Jr., President; G. F. Simonis, Secretary-
Treasurer; 25 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, NY 11201-2483.
2012 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of PennsylvaniaD
a1 ]`*,* a\f`*ZqpbaqD 4/*b1Wnab,\B Wachtturm
Bibel- und Traktat-Gesellschaft der Zeugen Jehovas, e. V.,
Selters/Taunus. Verantwortliche Redaktion: Ramon Templeton,
Selters/Taunus. Printed in Germany.
Vol. 133, No. 15 Semimonthly RUSSIAN

a1-\ Z1aV\WnV\ /1aqbSW1bSy
Z*4*/ YmaWn \ b\YE hb\ Wp/S
Y\-db W1b*bn a\ aV\`\abnp
a\bZSVSW\Y1b`\,,h*aE
YZ\-SY ]\V*4*W*an +m
Z1,1`\qbZ\y
˘ W*-\/*`q ,S/1\a,q4S Wp/SE 3S,dkS1
Z* `*4Zmf V\ZbSZ1Zb*fE \+k*pbaq S ]`S
ob\Y ,S/qb /`d- /`d-*D
˘ dab`\yab,1E `*4Y1` V\b\`\-\ Y1Znj1
a]Sh1hZ\-\ V\`\+V*E f`*Zqbaq bmaqhS ]1O
a1ZD
˘ S`d`-S /1W*pb ]1`1a*/Vd a1`/g* S
/`d-Sf \`-*Z\,D
h1Y -\,\`qb obS e*VbmH ˚aWS Wp/S
a]\a\+Zm 4* V\`\bV\1 ,`1Yq a\,1`jSbn Z*O
dhZmy ]`\`m, S a/1W*bn b\E hb\ a\,a1Y Z1O
/*,Z\ V*4*W\an Z1,1`\qbZmYE b\E V\Z1hZ\
31E \-E a\4/*,jSy a1W1ZZdpE Y\31b a\O
,1`j*bn d/S,Sb1WnZm1 /1W*E V\b\`m1 Ym
]\V* Z1 /\ V\Zg* ]\ZSY*1Y S Z1 , aSW*f ]\O
,b\`Sbn LmbS1 5E SZ\/*WnO
Zmy ]1`1,\/MD
Sada `Sab\a b*V31 ]`1/d]`1/SWE hb\
YZ\-S1 +d/db W\3Z\ Z*4m,*bn a1+q 1-\
]\aW1/\,*b1WqYSD 1V\b\`m1 /*31 aV*3db
1YdB w\a]\/SI \a]\/SI Z1 \b ,\1-\ WS
SY1ZS Ym ]`\`\h1ab,\,*WSH S Z1 ,\SY
WS SY1Z1Y +1a\, S4-\ZqWSH S Z1 ,\SY WS
SY1Z1Y YZ\-S1 hd/1a* b,\`SWSHx L*be1q
;B66E SZ\/*WnZmy ]1`1,\/MD /Z*V\ Sada
˛˙˚) 5=9 )˛%B *41`+*y/3*ZaVSyE *41`O
+*y/3*ZaVSy LVS`SWWSg*ME *yY*`*E *W+*ZaVSyE *Yf*`O
aVSyE *Z-WSyaVSyE *`*+aVSyE *`YqZaVSyE *`YqZaVSy L4*O
]*/ZmyME *e`SV**ZaE *h\WSE +*dW1E +1Z-*WnaVSyE +SV\WnO
aVSyE +SaW*Y*E +\W-*`aVSyE ,*Wqyb*E ,*`*yO,*`*yE ,1ZO
-1`aVSyE ,1Z/*E ,\ab\hZmy d,1*E ,n1bZ*YaVSyE -*E -*SO
bqZaVSy V`1\WnaVSyE -*ZE -`1ZW*Z/aVSyE -`1h1aVSyE -`d4SZO
aVSyE -d*`*ZSE -d/3*`*bSE /*baVSyE 4*Z/1E4dWdE S,`SbE
S-+\E SW\V*ZaVSyE SZ/\Z14SyaVSyE SaW*Z/aVSyE Sa\V\E SaO
]*ZaVSyE Sb*WnqZaVSyE y\`d+*E V*4*faVSyE V*ZZ*/*E
V*\Z/1E V*`SedZ*E V*b*W*ZaVSyE V,*Z-*WSE V1hd* LZV*jME
V1hd* LqVdh\ME V1hd* L\WS,SqME V1hd* LdaV\ME V1hd*
L'V,*/\`ME VSV\Z-\E VSVdypE VSWd+*E VSY+dZ/dE VSZnq`d*ZO
/*E VS`-S4aVSyE VS`S+*bSE VS`dZ/SE VSb*yaVSy Lb`*/SgS\ZO
ZmyM L*d/S\4*]SaS b\WnV\ Z* ]dbdZfd*ME VSb*yaVSy Ld]`\O
k1ZZmyME V\Z-\E V\`1yaVSyE V\a*E Vd*ZnqY*E VfY1`aVSyE
W*bmjaVSyE WSZ-*W*E WSb\,aVSyE W\4SE Wd,*W1E Wd-*Z/*E WdZO
/*E Wd\E Y*,`SVSyaVSy V`1\WnaVSyE Y*yqE Y*V1/\ZaVSyE
Y*Vd*E Y*W*-*aSyaVSyE Y*W*qW*YE Y*WnbSyaVSyE Y*`*bfSE
Y*`j*WWnaVSyE YS4\E YSf1E Y\Z-\WnaVSyE Y\`1E YnqZY*ZO
aVSyE Z*d*bWn La1,1`Z*q do+W*ME Z-*d+1`1E Z/1+1W1E Z/\ZO
-*E Z1Y1gVSyE Z1\a\W\Y\ZSVE Z1]*WnaVSyE Z4SY*E ZS/1`O
W*Z/aVSyE ZSdoE Z\`,13aVSyE ZnqZ1V*E \`\Y\E \b1b1W*E
]*W*dE ]*Z-*aSZ*ZaVSyE ]*Z/3*+SE ]*]nqY1Zb\ L`d+*ME ]*O
]nqY1Zb\ Lp`*a*\ME ]1`aS/aVSyE ]\WnaVSyE ]\Z*]1E ]\`O
bd-*WnaVSyE `*`\b\Z-*E `dYmZaVSyE `daaVSyE a*Y\*ZO
aVSyE a*Z-\E a*]\b1V LSabYdaME a,*bSE a1+d*ZaVSyE a1yj1WnO
aVSy V`1\WnaVSyE a1]1/SE a1`+aVSyE a1`+aVSy LW*bSZSg*ME
a1a\b\E aSZ-*WnaVSyE aW\,*gVSyE aW\,1ZaVSyE a`*Z*ZOb\Z-\E
ad*fSWSE b*-*WnaVSyE b*SbSE b*yaVSyE b*YSWnaVSyE b*b*`O
aVSyE b,SE b1Wd-dE b1bdYE bS,E bS-`*yE b\VO]SaSZE b\Z-*E b\b\O
Z*VE b`dVE ba,*Z*E ba\Z-*E bd,*WdE bdY+dV*E bd`1gVSyE dV`*O
SZaVSyE dY+dZ/dE d`/dE d`ddZ/E eS/3SE eSZaVSyE e`*Zgd4O
aVSyE f*da*E fSWS-*yZ\ZE fSZ/SE fS`SOY\bdE f\`,*baVSyE
g\gSWnE h1jaVSyE hS+1Y+*E hSWd+*E hSb\Z-*E hSh1,*E j,1/O
aVSyE jSba,*E j\Z*E o,1E oab\ZaVSyE oeSVE q]E q]\ZaVSyD
*V31 j`Seb\Y `*yWqD
*V31 Z* CD.
*V31 , e\`Y*b1 MP7 (CD-ROM).
*V31 *d/S\4*]SaS Z* www.jw.org.

qaZ\ /*W ]\ZqbnE hb\ Z1 ahSb*1b obSf WpO
/1y a,\SYS ]\aW1/\,*b1WqYS L*be1q
;B67MD *V ,S/Z\E Sada Z1 dhSW b\YdE hb\
,a1 hd/1a* ]`\Saf\/qb ]\ ,\W1 \-*D
\- Z1 b`1+d1bE hb\+m 1-\ aWd3Sb1WS
ab`\SWS a,\p ,1`d SaVWphSb1WnZ\ Z* hdO
/1a*fD f ,1`* /\W3Z* +mbn \aZ\,*Z* Z*
e*Vb*f L˚,`1qY 55B5MD
*aaY\b`SY ]`SY1`D /Z\ S4 a*Ymf S4O
,1abZmf hd/1aE \]Sa*ZZmf , S+WSSEP
ob\ ,\aV`1a1ZS1 Sada* `Sab*D \ a]dabq
V*V\1Ob\ ,`1Yq ]\aW1 ob\-\ a\+mbSq Z1V\O
b\`m1 f`SabS*Z1 , \`SZe1 Z*h*WS a\YZ1O
,*bnaq , b\YE hb\ Sada Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 ,\aO
V`1aD *V *]\ab\W *,1W ]\Y\- obSY f`SO
abS*Z*YH \+d/SW WS \Z Sf ]`\ab\ ]`\O
q,Wqbn +\Wnj1 ,1`mH bZp/n Z1bD Z
Z*]\YZSW SY /\ab\,1`Zm1 e*VbmE aV*4*,E
hb\ Sada w+mW ]\f\`\Z1ZE S hb\ Z* b`1O
bSy /1Zn ,\aV`1a a\-W*aZ\ Sa*ZSqYE S hb\
q,SWaq Se1E ]\b\Y /,1Z*/g*bSD ˛*b1Y
q,SWaq +\W11 h1Y ]qbSab*Y +`*bnqY a`*4dE
+\WnjSZab,\ S4 V\b\`mf /\ aSf ]\` 3S,mx
L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 59B8P

˝ ˚&
˙˚E
\]Sa*ZZm1
, S+WSSH
˚˙&˚E hb\ ,*Y `*aaV*4*WS
Z1,1`\qbZdp Sab\`SpD 1`Sbn SWS
Z1bH V\`11 ,a1-\E ob\ +d/1b 4*,SO
a1bn \b `1]db*gSS `*aaV*4hSV*D *,1`ZqV*
,m ]`SY1b1 ,\ ,ZSY*ZS1 Z1 b\WnV\ b\E hb \
‹
\Z `*aaV*4m,*1bE Z\ S /\ab\SZ WS /\,1`Sq
ob\b h1W\,1VD ˚aWS Z* ]`\bq31ZSS YZ\-Sf
W1b \Z ,a1-/* -\,\`SW ,*Y ]`*,/d S ZSV\-O
/* Z*Y1`1ZZ\ Z1 ,,\/SW ,*a , 4*+Wd3/1O
ZS1E d ,*a +d/db ,a1 \aZ\,*ZSq ]\,1`Sbn
1YdS,ob\b`*4D
\ 31 a*Y\1 Y\3Z\ aV*4*bn S \ hd/1a*fE
V\b\`m1 \]Sam,*pbaq , S+WSSD SVb\ S4
Z*a Z1 3SW , b\ ,`1YqE V\-/* \ZS ]`\SaO
f\/SWSD \ ob\ Z1 Y1j*1b Z*Y d+1/Sbnaq
, /\ab\,1`Z\abS +S+W1yaV\-\ ]\,1ab,\,*O
ZSqD *V ob\ a/1W*bnH *aaY\b`SY Z1V\b\O
`m1 \a\+1ZZ\abS hd/1aE \]Sa*ZZmf , S+O
WSSD
Z\-S1 hd/1a* ]`\Saf\/SWS Z* -W*4*f d
+\Wnj\-\ V\WSh1ab,* Wp/1yD \`\y a,SO
/1b1WqYS hd/1a ab*Z\,SWSan bmaqhS S /*O
31 YSWWS\Zm h1W\,1V Laf\/ 58B65P75C
5=B5:P5=MD 'bS hd/1a* Z1 a\,1`j*WSan
,b*yZ1E ,/*WS \b ]\ab\`\ZZSf -W*4D
d/1a* \bWSh*WSan ]`\ab\b\yD 1 +mW\ ZSO
V*V\-\ a]1gS*WnZ\-\ `1V,S4Sb*E 4`1WSkO
Zmf ]`1/ab*,W1ZSy S \a\+\-\ \a,1k1ZSqE
a\4/*pk1-\ \]bSh1aVSy \+Y*ZD \aZ\,Z\Y
hd/1a* ]`\Saf\/SWS ]`S aWdh*yZ\Y ab1h1O
ZSS \+ab\qb1Wnab, SWS +mWS \b,1b\Y Z*
hnpOWS+\ ]`\an+d L*`V* 9B69P6=C dVS
;B5P5:MD obSf aWdh*qf a]W*ZS`\,*bn ,a1
4*`*Z11 +mW\ Z1,\4Y\3Z\D
1E Vb\ a\,1`j*W hd/1a*E Z1 +mWS /,S3SO
Ym 3*3/\y aW*,m S +\-*bab,*D *]`\bS,E
Sf g1Wnp +mW\ ]`\aW*,Sbn \-* L\*ZZ*
55B5P8E 59E 8>MD p+m1 ]\]mbVS \+\-*bSbnO
aq 4* ah1b hd/* ab`\-\ \ad3/*WSan L6 *`1y
9B59E 5:E 6>E 69P6;C ˙1qZSq

\h1,S/ZmY e*Vb\Y P \Z d31 h1bm`1
/Zq W13*W , Y\-SW1 L\*ZZ* 55B89P8

˙B
%) (˙˚• ˚&
˚˚"%
L˚) 58B57P65C

˙B
˙ &( ˙
˙%
L˚)

) ˚)˚ ˝˛&
]\WdhSW\anE hb\ h1W\,1V S4 ab`\-\y V*b\WSh1aV\y a1YnSE 4*ZSY*,jSy
,ma\VSy ]\ab , \`-*Z*f ]`*,\ad/SqE ab*W ,S/1b1W1Y 1-\,mH b\ ]\+d/SW\
b1``\`Sab* \bV*4*bnaq \b Z*aSWSq S ]\a,qbSbn 3S4Zn aWd31ZSp \-dH
`\hSb*yb1E hb\ `*aaV*4m,*pb \ a1+1 obS Wp/SD
˙ ˝˙˚)B 5=8:
w) Z*h*W Wdhj1 ]\O
ZSY*bnE hb\ b*V\1
/\+`\ S 4W\x
L˚" " ˝˚•MD
B ˛)
"B˚˝˙˚%•
)D *j* a1Ynq
3SW* , j1abS VSW\Y1b`*f \b
-\`\/* SV1bSD `\/Sb1W1y +mW* Z1+\WnO
j*q e1`Y*E +W*-\/*`q V\b\`\y Ym 3SO
WSD \q jV\W* Z*f\/SW*an , -\`\/1E SE hb\O
+m +mab`11 bd/* /\+S`*bnaqE q Vd]SW ab*O
`1ZnVSy ,1W\aS]1/D p/S d Z*a 3SWS +1/O
Z\E Z\ , -\`\/1 +mW\ hSab\ S \bZ\aSb1WnZ\
+14\]*aZ\D \WnjSZab,\ Yd3hSZ `*+\b*WS
Z* ,\1ZZ\Y 4*,\/1E -/1 S4-\b*,WS,*WS \`dO
3S1D
) f\`\j\ dhSWaqE ]\ob\Yd YZ1 d/*W\an
]\abd]Sbn , \1ZZ\O*,S*gS\ZZ\1 dhSWSO
k1 , a\a1/Z1Y -\`\/1D 5=:: -\/d q 4*O
V\ZhSW 1-\E ]\WdhS, 4,*ZS1 a1`3*Zb*D \aO
W1 ob\-\ q ]\abd]SW , p`S/Sh1aVdp *V*/1O
YSp S ]\WdhSW /S]W\Y p`Sab*D \4/Z11 q
]\/*W 4*q,W1ZS1 Z* /\W3Z\abn Z*h*WnO
ZSV* ]\WSgSSD 5=;: -\/d q
a/*W ]`*,Sb1Wnab,1ZZmy oVO
4*Y1Z S ]\WdhSW ob\ Y1ab\D
*V\1Ob\ ,`1Yq q `*+\b*W Z*O
h*WnZSV\Y bp`nYmD Z*Y
h*ab\ ]`Sf\/SWS ,S/1b1WS
1-\,m S ]`\aSWS `*4`1j1O
ZSq ]`\]\,1/\,*bn 4*VWpO
h1ZZmYD `S V*3/\y ,ab`1h1
\ZS /1WSWSan a\ YZ\y +S+O
W1yaV\y ,1abnpD ) \bZ\aSWaq
V \-d a -Wd+\VSY d,*31ZSO
1YD * Y1Zq ]`\S4,1W\ +\WnO
j\1 ,]1h*bW1ZS1E hb\ \-*
4\,db 1-\,* S hb\ Ym Y\31Y
ab*bn 1-\ /`d4nqYSD
\ab1]1ZZ\ q ]\/ZSY*Waq
]\ aWd31+Z\y W1abZSg1D
5=>9 -\/d Y1Zq Z*4Z*hSWS ad/n1y
*]1WWqgS\ZZ\-\ ad/* *ZO*dWdD
) ˛˚ ( ˝˛&D aV\O
`1 ]\aW1 \V\Zh*ZSq p`S/Sh1aV\y *V*O
/1YSS q Z*h*W hSb*bn S+WSp P S ob\
/\,\WnZ\ aSWnZ\ S4Y1ZSW\ Y\1 YmjW1O
ZS1D ˙\ ob\-\ q +mW d+13/1ZZmY V*b\O
WSV\YD `1/S Y\Sf `\/ab,1ZZSV\, +mWS
a,qk1ZZSVS S 1]SaV\]D /Z\ ,`1Yq q /*O
31 ]\Y\-*W a,qk1ZZSVd ,\ ,`1Yq Y1aO
am P ]1`1/ ]`\]\,1/np q 4*hSbm,*W \b`mO
,\V S4 Y\WSb,1ZZSV*D V*b\WSh1aVSf a1O
Ynqf Z1 ]`SZqb\ hSb*bn ,qk1ZZ\1 Sa*O
ZS1D 4Z*,E hb\ q hSb*p S+WSpE Y\q Y*Y*
˝˚) ") ˙ 5 6>56 11

d3*aZ\ `*aab`\SW*anD Z* aV*4*W*E hb\ q
a\y/d a dY*E 1aWS +d/d ]`\/\W3*bn , b\Y
31 /df1D \ q Z1 ,S/1W , hb1ZSS S+WSS
ZSh1-\ ]W\f\-\D
˙dY*pE hSb*bn obd VZS-d Y1Zq ]\/ab1-SO
,*W\ Wp+\]mbab,\D Z1 f\b1W\an d4Z*bn
+\Wnj1 \ a,qk1ZZSV*f S Sf `\WS , g1`O
V,SD `\Y1 b\-\E q 4*SZb1`1a\,*Waq b1\W\O
-S1y \a,\+\3/1ZSqE Z\ *`-dY1Zbm S W\-SO
V* 11 ab\`\ZZSV\, +mWS b*VSYS `*a]Wm,O
h*bmYSE hb\ q b*V ZSh1-\ S Z1 ]\ZqWD
`S+WS4Sb1WnZ\ , b\ 31 ,`1Yq Y\y ab\O
Y*b\W\-E V\b\`my +mW +d//Sab\YE \b/*W
YZ1 \/Zd VZS-dD Z* Z*4m,*W*an w*4,SWO
aq WS h1W\,1V SWS +mW a\4/*ZHxD )]\/dO
Y*WE hb\ +mW\ +m SZb1`1aZ\ a`*,ZSbn 11 a
w`\Saf\3/1ZS1Y ,S/\,x *`W4* ˙*`,SZ*D
4Z*,E hb\ q hSb*p
S+WSpE Y\q Y*Y*
d3*aZ\ `*aab`\SW*an
˙\V*4*b1Wnab,*E ]`1/ab*,W1ZZm1 , VZS-1
w*4,SWaq WS h1W\,1V SWS +mW a\4/*ZHxE
]\V*4*WSan YZ1 \h1Zn W\-ShZmYS S d+1/SO
b1WnZmYSD ZS , ]df S ]`*f `*4+S,*WS
b1\`Sp o,\WpgSSD
b1ZS1 VZS-S \ a\b,\`1ZSS 1k1 +\WnO
j1 `*4\3-W\ Y\1 Wp+\]mbab,\D ) 4*f\b1W
]`\hSb*bn S /`d-S1 VZS-S ,S/1b1W1y 1O
-\,mD Z1 aV*4*WSE hb\ \/SZ Y1f*ZSV ,
*,S*gS\ZZ\y jV\W1 P ,S/1b1Wn 1-\,mD
) ]\-\,\`SW a ZSYE S \Z /*W YZ1 V\1O
hb\ ]\hSb*bnD b\ ,`1Yq q Z1 a\-W*j*Waq
S4dh*bn S+WSp a\ ,S/1b1WqYSD Z1 V*O
4*W\anE hb\ q Y\-d a*Y ,\ ,a1Y `*4\+`*bnaqD
\-/* q Z*h*W hSb*bn S+WSpEP * V b\O
Yd ,`1Y1ZS q d31 +mW 31Z*bEP q `1jSWE
hb\ ob\ Wdhj1 /1W*bn ,a1y a1Yn1yD Ym
V*3/dp Z1/1Wp ab*WS ]`\,\/Sbn a1Y1yZ\1
S4dh1ZS1D \aV\WnVd q +mW V*b\WSV\YE q
4/*Z* ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,mD \Wnj1 Z1 ]1h*b*1baqD
h*ab\ \+k*Waq a\ a,qk1ZZSV*YS S 1]SaV\O
]*YSD \ob\Yd Y1Zq \h1Zn 4*SZb1`1a\,*WS
aW\,* S4 \*ZZ* 58B:D *Y -\,\`SbaqB wSO
ada \b,1bSW a,\1Yd dh1ZSVd \Y1B t) P
]dbnE SabSZ* S 3S4ZnD SVb\ Z1 ]`Sf\/Sb V
bgd SZ*h1E V*V b\WnV\ h1`14 Y1ZqrxD ZSO
Y*b1WnZ1yjSY \+`*4\Y S4dhS, ob\b ,\O
]`\aE q d+1/SWaqE hb\ Z*j1 a]*a1ZS1 Saf\O
/Sb \b 1-\,m h1`14 Sada* `Sab*D *a
31 dhSWSE hb\ a]*a1ZS1 4*,SaSb \b a,qk1ZO
ZSV\,D
˙`d-S1 /,* abSf* \V\Zh*b1WnZ\ S4Y1ZSO
WS Y\1 \bZ\j1ZS1 V *b\WSh1aV\y g1`V,S
S 11 dh1ZSqYD 1`,my P ob\ `SbhS 5B;E
-/1 aV*4*Z\B wb`*f ]1`1/ 1-\,\y P Z*h*O
W\ 4Z*ZSqD d/`\abn S Z*ab*,W1ZS1 \b,1`O
-*pb WSjn -Wd]gmxD ,b\`\y P *V\,*
5B9E -/1 -\,\`SbaqB w˚aWS V\YdOb\ S4 ,*a Z1O
/\ab*1b Yd/`\abSE ]dabn ]`\aSb d \-*E V\O
b\`my /*1b ,a1Y k1/`\ S +14 d]`1V*E S 1Yd
+d/1b /*Z\xD ) \h1Zn 3*3/*W 4Z*ZSy S
Yd/`\abSE Z\ g1`V\,n Z1 Y\-W* db\WSbn obd
3*3/dD \ob\Yd q ]1`1ab*W bd/* f\/SbnD
5= -\/d Y\q 31Z* Z*h*W* S4dh*bn
S+WSp a\ ,S/1b1WqYSD \-/* q +mW /\O
Y*E b\ ,a1-/* V ZSY ]`Sa\1/SZqWaqD \ ,`1O
Y1Z1Y q b\31 a\-W*aSWaq Z* S4dh1ZS1D /O
Z*V\ Ym ab*WS ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,m Z1
a`*4dD ˝1Z* V`1abSW*an , 5==8 -\/dE * q ,
5==56

+mbn +W*-\`*4dYZmYE dhSbm,*bn ,a1 e*VO
bm S +mbn YSW\a1`/ZmYE 1aWS \+Z*`d3S,*O
pbaq aYq-h*pkS1 \+ab\qb1Wnab,*D
Z1 ]`Sf\/SW\an `*aaY*b`S,*bn , adO
/1 YZ\-\ /1WE a,q4*ZZmf a Z*aSWS1Y S Z*/O
`d-*b1Wnab,\Y Z*/ /1bnYSE * b*V31 /`d-S1
d-\W\,Zm1 ]`1abd]W1ZSqD \ Y\1 a1`/g1
Z1 \h1`ab,1W\D Y\b`q Z\,\abSE q d3*a*pan
b\YdE V*V aSWnZ\ ]`\-ZSW S /1-`*/S`\,*W
ob\b YS`D \ q +W*-\/*`1Z 1-\,1 4* b\E hb\
b1]1`n ]\ZSY*p ]`ShSZm b*V\-\ `\ab* +14O
4*V\ZSqD a*Y\1 -W*,Z\1 P d Y1Zq ]\qO
,SW*an Z*/13/*D ) d,1`1ZE hb\ \h1Zn aV\`\
Z*a 3/db WdhjS1 ,`1Y1Z*D
˙ ˝˙˚)B 5=:5
B ˚˚) ˙)
"B˚
wp`nY* Y1Zq
Z1 Sa]`*,SW*x
L ˙MD
)D ) `\/SWaq ,
5=:5 -\/d , V`d]Z\Y -\`\/1
\`b*/*dZE , 1,1`Z\y `O
W*Z/SSD \S `\/Sb1WS +mO
WS ]`\b1ab*Zb*YSD Z*j1Y V,*`b*W1 3SO
WS V*V ]`\b1ab*ZbmE b*V S V*b\WSVSD \WnO
jSZab,\ a1Y1y +mWS +1/ZmD \ Z1aY\bO
`q Z* ob\E Wp/S 3SWS /`d3Z\ S ]\Y\-*WS
/`d- /`d-dD
-Wq/m,*qan Z* a,\1 ]`\jW\1E q Y\-d
aV*4*bnE hb\ YZ1 Z1h1Y -\`/SbnaqD 5=;8
-\/d q Z*h*W dh*ab,\,*bn , w,\WZ1ZSO
qfxE V\b\`mYS b\-/* +mW* \f,*h1Z* 1,1`O
Z*q `W*Z/SqD `S+WS4Sb1WnZ\ , b\ 31
,`1Yq \+ab*Z\,V* , Z*j1Y V,*`b*W1 ab*O
W* Z*V*WqbnaqD /Z*3/m ,1h1`\Y Y\y
\b1gE V\b\`my `*+\b*W d]`*,WqpkSY
\Wnab1`aV\y V\,`\,\y e*+O
`SVSE \+dh*W /,df `1+qbOV*O
b\WSV\,E 3S,jSf a Z*YS ]\
a\a1/ab,dD ob\ ,`1Yq Vb\O
b\ +`\aSW +\Y+d , \VZ\ /\O
Y*E -/1 \ZS 3SWSD f \b1gE
Y*bn S YW*/jSy +`*b ]\O
-S+WSD
`\+W1Ym \+\ab`qWSanE
hb\ ]`S,1W\ V \bV`mb\y
,`*3/1D *b\WSVS ]\/3S-*O
WS /\Y* ]`\b1ab*Zb\, , V*O
b\WSh1aVSf `*y\Z*fE * ]`\O
b1ab*Zbm ,m3S,*WS a,\Sf
a\a1/1yOV*b\WSV\,D V\ZO
g1 V\Zg\, /1W\ /\jW\ /\
b\-\E hb\ , Z*j1Y V,*`b*W1
\ab*WSan \/ZS ]`\b1ab*ZO
bmD aV\`1 Y1Zq *`1ab\,*WS
S ]`S-\,\`SWS V b`1Y -\/*Y
bp`nYm 4* dh*abS1 , b1`*Vb*fD
bp`nY1 q ]\/`d3SWaq a 4*VWph1ZZmYE
V\b\`my S-`*W 4*Y1bZdp `\Wn , W\qWSabO
aVSf V`d-*fD m ab*WS V*V +`*bnqE ]\4O
/Z11 q /*31 +mW a,S/1b1W1Y Z* 1-\ a,*/nO
+1D p`nY* Y1Zq Z1 Sa]`*,SW*E /* S 1-\ b\O
31D \aW1 \a,\+\3/1ZSq Ym ]`\/\W3SWS
]\WSbSh1aVdp +\`n+d P S b1]1`n a Z\,mY
`*4Y*f\YD Sb\-1 Y\y /`d- aZ\,* d-\/SW ,
bp`nYdD *Y 1-\ d+SWSD
* Y1Zq b\31 Z*h*W*an \f\b*D /Z*3O
/m Y\p Y*jSZd ,4\`,*WSD \ ob\ Y1O
Zq Z1 \ab*Z\,SW\ P Z*\+\`\bE q ab*W 1k1
˝˚) ") ˙ 5 6>56 13

*VbS,Z11 dh*ab,\,*bn , /,S31ZSS w˛* \-*
SWnab1`xD
b\ ,`1Yq Y1Zq ]`S-W*aSWS ]\Y\hn ,
a\4/*ZSS /\VdY1Zb*WnZ\-\ eSWnY* \ w,\WO
Z1ZSqfxE V\b\`my ]\V*4*WS ]\ +`Sb*ZaV\O
Yd b1W1,S/1ZSpD 4O4* ob\-\ eSWnY* Y\q
3S4Zn 1k1 +\Wnj1 \aW\3ZSW*anD /Z*3/m
,1h1`\Y q ,1`ZdWaq /\Y\y S \+Z*`d3SWE
hb\ Y1Zq +`\aSW* 31Z*D ,aV\`1 S4O4* ob\y
b1W1]1`1/*hS d Y1Zq 4*+`*WS amZ*D \YO
ZpE V*VE -Wq/q , 41`V*W\E q Y\WSWB w\31E
1aWS bm 1abnE ]\Y\-S YZ1Ix
31 , ad++\bd q ,ab`1bSW \W*E Y\1-\
4Z*V\Y\-\E V\b\`my ab*W ,S/1b1W1Y 1O
-\,mD Z 4*-\,\`SW a\ YZ\y \ S+WSSD 1O
`14 ]*`d /Z1y \Z /*W YZ1 3d`Z*W wb\`\O
31,*q +*jZqxD *Y +mW* ab*bnqE , V\b\`\y
]`S,\/SWSan aW\,* Sada*E 4*]Sa*ZZm1 ,
\*ZZ* 5

˚ ˚˚()
Y11b WS /Wq \-* 4Z*h1ZS1E
d]\b`1+Wqp q b*+*V SWS Z1bH
ˇ *V\y ,\]`\a ,]\WZ1 dY1ab1ZE ]\aV\WnVd , SO
+WSS Z1b ]`qY\-\ 4*]`1b* Z* d]\b`1+W1ZS1 b*+*O
V*D ˛Z*hSb WS ob\E hb\ d4Z*bn YZ1ZS1 \-* ]\ ob\O
Yd ,\]`\ad Z1,\4Y\3Z\H \,a1 Z1bD
S+WSS aV*4*Z\E hb\ w,a1 Sa*ZS1 ,/\fZ\,O
W1Z\ \-\Yx L6 SY\e1p 7B5:MD Z1y a\/1`O
3*baq qaZm1 ]`SZgS]mE ]\V*4m,*pkS1E hb\ \O
-d Z1 ,a1 `*,Z\E V*V Ym \bZ\aSYaq V a,\1Yd
4/\`\,npD ˙*,*yb1 ]\aY\b`SYE hb\ \ ,WSqZSS
b*+*V* -\,\`qb Y1/SVSD ˛*b1Y \+ad/SYE V*V `1O
4dWnb*bm Sf SaaW1/\,*ZSy a\-W*adpbaq a +S+W1yO
aVSYS ]`SZgS]*YSD
d`1ZS1 `*4`dj*1b 4/\`\,n1 S ]`S,\/Sb
V ]`13/1,`1Y1ZZ\y aY1`bSD \1/SZ1ZZmf
"b*b*f V*3/*q ]qb*q aY1`bn ]`\Saf\/Sb ]\ ,SO
Z1 b*+*V*D \ /*ZZmY *gS\Z*WnZ\-\ SZabSbdb*
]\ S4dh1ZSp Z*`V\4*,SaSY\abSE , " S4O4*
b*+*V* V*3/my -\/ ]\-S+*1b +\Wnj1 Wp/1yE
h1Y S4O4* w*WV\-\WqE Z*`V\bSV\,E d+Syab,E a*Y\O
d+Syab,E *,b\V*b*ab`\e S ˙*E ,Y1ab1 ,4qO
bmfxD
d`SWnkSVS ]`ShSZqpb ,`1/ /`d-SYD *O
+*hZmy /mY ,`1/1Z , Wp+\Y V\WSh1ab,1D *aO
aS,Z\1E SWS ,b\`ShZ\1E Vd`1ZS1 Z* 7> ]`\g1Zb\,
]\,mj*1b `SaV `*4,SbSq `*V* W1-VSf S 4*+\W1O
,*ZSy a1`/g*D ]\aW1/ZS1 -\/m ,`*hS \+Z*`dO
3SWS 1k1 \/Zd \]*aZ\abnE V\b\`dp \ZS Z*4mO
,*pb wb`1bShZmY Vd`1ZS1YxD 'b\ ,m`*31ZS1 \bO
Z\aSbaq V h*abSg*Y b*+*hZ\-\ /mY*E V\b\`m1
\ab*pbaq Z* \/13/1E V\,`*f S /`d-Sf ]\,1`fZ\O
abqfE ]\aW1 b\-\ V*V /mY ,m,1b`S,*1baqD 'bS
q/\,Sbm1 ,1k1ab,* \a\+1ZZ\ ,`1/Zm /Wq 4/\O
`\,nq /1b1y S Y\-db 4*Y1/WSbn Sf dYab,1ZZ\1
`*4,SbS1D
*+*V ,m4m,*1b 4*,SaSY\abnD d`1ZS1 ]`1O
,`*k*1b h1W\,1V* , `*+*D \ YZ1ZSp SaaW1/\O
,*b1W1yE ]`Sab`*abS1 V ZSV\bSZd P -W*,Z\Yd ,1O
k1ab,d b*+*hZ\-\ /mY* P \/Z\ S4 a*Ymf b`d/O
Z\]`1\/\WSYmf ]`Sab`*abSyD
*V obS e*Vbm a\-W*adpbaq a +S+W1yaVSYS
]`SZgS]*YSH
\- f\h1bE hb\+m Ym g1ZSWS 3S4ZnD ˛*V\O
Z1E V\b\`my \- /*W Z*`\/d 4`*SWnE qaZ\ -\,\O
`SW\anE hb\ b1E Vb\ 31W*1b d-\/Sbn \-dE /\WO
3Zm d,*3*bn h1W\,1h1aVdp 3S4Zn Lb\`\4*V\O
ZS1 9B5;MD *]`SY1`E S4`*SWnbqZ1 /\W3Zm +mWS
ab`\Sbn ]\ V`*qY V`mjS a,\Sf /\Y\, \-`*3O
/1ZS1E SWS ZS4Vdp ab1ZVdD ˙Wq h1-\H ˙1W\ ,
b\YE hb\ , b1 ,`1Y1Z* V`mjS +mWS ]W\aVSYS S
Sa]\Wn4\,*WSan V*V 3SW\1 ]`\ab`*Zab,\D b1ZO
V* 4*kSk*W* hW1Z\, a1YnS S /`d-Sf Wp/1y \b
]*/1ZSqE V\b\`\1 Y\-W\ ]`S,1abS V d,1hnqY
SWS aY1`bS Lb\`\4*V\ZS1 66B

˛•˚
\-/* Sada
ab*W *`1YH
ob\y ab*bn1 ]\/ZSY*pbaq ,\]`\amE
V\b\`m1E ,\4Y\3Z\E d ,*a ,\4ZSV*WSE
S \+lqaZq1baqE -/1 , a,\1y S+WSS
,m Y\31b1 Z*ybS Z* ZSf \b,1bmD
*V31 ,m Y\31b1 \+ad/Sbn Sf
a\ ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,mD
5D *V\1 g*`ab,\ +mW\ \+1k*Z\ SadadH
\- \+1k*WE hb\ ]\b\Y\V g*`q ˙*,S/* +d/1b aS/1bn
Z* ˚-\ ]`1ab\W1 S g*`ab,\,*bn ,1hZ\D 'bSY \+1k*ZO
ZmY ]\b\YV\Y ab*W SadaE S a1yh*a \Z ]`*,Sb Z* Z1+1
V*V *`n \3n1-\ *`ab,*D L`\hSb*yb1 a*W\Y

7D \-/* Sada ab*W *`1YH
\- ]\ab*,SW Sada* *`1Y Z* Z1+1 , 5=58 -\/dE
`\,Z\ h1`14 6 96> W1b ]\aW1 ]*/1ZSq 1`da*WSY*D
1`,\1E hb\ a/1W*W Sada V*V Z*4Z*h1ZZmy *`nEP
a+`\aSW a Z1+* *b*Zd S 1-\ /1Y\Z\, LbV`\,1ZS1
56B;P5>MD p/S Z* 41YW1 Z1 Y\-WS ob\-\ ,S/1bnE Z\
\ZS d,S/1WS ]\aW1/ab,Sq P +1/ab,SqE V\b\`m1 \+`dO
jSWSan Z* 41YWp LbV`\,1ZS1 56B56MD \+mbSqE ]`\O
Saf\/qkS1 a 5=58 -\/*E ]\/b,1`3/*pbE hb\ Sada
ab*W *`1Y SY1ZZ\ , ob\ ,`1YqD L`\hSb*yb1 *be1q
68B58C dVS 65B5>E 55E 75DM
8D *V ]`*,W1ZS1 Sada* 4*b`*-S,*1b
,*aH
a]\WZ1ZS1 ]`\`\h1ab, \ ]`*,W1ZSS Sada* ]\O
V*4m,*1bE hb\ ,m Y\31b1 ]\WZ\abnp /\,1`qbn \3n1O
Yd W\,dD aV\`1 Sada ,\a]\Wn4d1baq a,\1y g*`aV\y
,W*abnpE hb\+m S4+*,Sbn h1W\,1h1ab,\ \b ,a1f ab`*O
/*ZSyD L`\hSb*yb1 a*W\Y ;6B W1b
Vbq+`n
5=58 ZD oD
5>>> /\ ZD oD 5/\ZDoD 5 ZD oD 5>>> ZD oD
6>>> ZD oD
:>:E69
5 =57E;9
*/1ZS1
g*`ab,* ,
1`da*WSY1
\ahSb*yb1 Z* V*WnVdWqb\`1B
:>:E69
5=57E;9
˙ 6 96>
\- /*1b Sadad
g*`aVdp
,W*abn
\Wnj1 SZe\`Y*gSS Y\3Z\ Z*ybS Z* ab`*ZSg*f
659P65< ob\y VZS-SE S4/*ZZ\y ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,mD
˚
Z* a*Y\Y /1W1
)H
17

˝˛& ˚•˚ ˚˚
`d/ `m+*V*
w`\f\/q ,/\Wn *WSW1yaV\-\ Y\`qE \Z Sada d,S/1W /,df +`*bn1,B SY\Z*E
Z*4m,*1Y\-\ 1b`\YE S 1-\ +`*b* Z/`1qE V\b\`m1 4*VS/m,*WS , Y\`1 a1bnE
]\b\Yd hb\ \ZS +mWS `m+*V*YSD Z aV*4*W SYB t/Sb1 4* YZ\yE S q a/1W*p
,*a W\,g*YS Wp/1yrx L˚) 8B5

a1,1`1 ,\4,mj*1baq ,1WSh1ab,1ZZ*q -\`*
˚`Y\ZD ˛SY\y f\W\/Zm1 ,1b`m Z*-\Zqpb Z*
\41`\ 4m+VS1 ,\WZmE * , W1bZ11 ,`1Yq \Z\
dVdb*Z\ ]1W1Z\y -\`qh1-\ ,\4/df*D \WnO
jdp \]*aZ\abn /Wq Y\`qV\, ]`1/ab*,WqO
pb ,Z14*]Zm1 +d`S S jb\`YmE V\b\`m1 \+O
`djS,*pbaq a\ ab\`\Zm -\`D /Z*3/m , b*O
Vdp +d`p ]\]*WS Sada S 1-\ dh1ZSVS L*bO
e1q

, Y\`1 Z1 \/SZ h*aE ,a1 aZ\,* S aZ\,* 4*VSO
/m,*q a1bS S ,mbq-S,*q SfD
* Y1WV\,\/n1 `m+d W\,SWS SZ*h1D /SZ
V\Z1g Z1,\/* ]`S,q4m,*WS V W\/V1E V\b\`*q
\b]Wm,*W* , Y\`1E * /`d-\y P /1`3*WS
Wp/S Z* +1`1-dD \-/* W\/V*E \]Sa*, V`d-E
,\4,`*k*W*anE Wp/S Z* +1`1-d ,mb*aVS,*O
WS a1bnE ,m,*WS,*WS `m+d Z* 41YWp S a\`O
bS`\,*WS 11D `S-\/Zdp `m+d VW*WS , a\O
ad/mD *VdpOb\ h*abn dW\,* bdb 31 ]`\/*O
,*WSD \ , \aZ\,Z\Y `m+d adjSWSE a\WSWS
SWS Y*`SZ\,*WSE aVW*/m,*WS , -WSZqZm1
*Ye\`m S ,14WS Z* ]`\/*3d , 1`da*WSY S
/*31 , /`d-S1 ab`*ZmD m+* +14 h1jdS SWS
]W*,ZSV\,E Z*]`SY1` d-\`nE ahSb*W*an Z1O
hSab\y S ,m+`*am,*W*an L1,Sb 55B=P56MD
Y1ZZ\ b*V\y a]\a\+ W\,WS SY1W , ,S/d
SadaE V\-/* a`*,ZS,*W wZ1+1aZ\1 g*`abO
,\x a Z1,\/\YE * `*4Z\-\ `\/* `m+d a ]`*O
,1/ZmYS S Z1]`*,1/ZmYS Wp/nYS L*be1q
57B8;P9>MD
˚aWS `m+*V b`d/SWaq , \/SZ\hVdE 1-\
\`d/S1YE V*V ]`*,SW\E +mW* W1aV* S +`\ZO
4\,m1 V`phVS a Z*3S,V\yD *V31 \Z Y\-
,\a]\Wn4\,*bnaq Z1+\Wnj\y Z*VS/Z\y a1O
bnpD ob\Y aWdh*1 1Yd Zd3Z\ +mW\ ,\ybS
, ,\/dE Z*+`*bn a1bn Z* `dVd S +`\aSbn 11 P
,,1`f \b a1+qD d]\W\\+`*4Z*q a1bn `*aO
]`*,WqW*anE ]*/*W* Z* ,\/d S \]daV*W*an
Z* /Z\D aWdh*1 d/*hS , a1bn ]\]*/*W\an
Z1aV\WnV\ `m+D m+*Vd \ab*,*W\an b\WnV\
,mb*kSbn a1bnE ]\bqZd, 4* ,1`1,VdE ]`SO
V`1]W1ZZdp V 11 \aZ\,*ZSpD
1bS +mWS /\`\-SYS S b`1+\,*WS +1`13O
Z\-\ \+`*k1ZSqD ‹ \Wnjdp h*abn a,\1-\
,`1Y1ZS `m+*VS hSZSWS SfE ]`\Ym,*WS S
adjSWSD 'b\ +mW\ Z1S4Y1ZZmY 4*,1`j1ZSO
1Y Wp+\y W\,WS LdVS 9B6MD *V\, S 1-\
+`*b \*ZZ V*V `*4 aS/1WS , W\/V1 S hSZSO
WS a1bSE V\-/* Sada ]`1/W\3SW SY aW1/\O
,*bn 4* ZSY L*`V* 5B5=MD
`1/S ,S/\, `m+E V\b\`m1 W\,SWS , *O
WSW1yaV\Y Y\`1 , ]1`,\Y ,1V1E +mW* bSW*O
]SqD ˚1 h*ab\ ]\/*,*WS V ab\Wd , +\WnjSZO
ab,1 /\Y\, , *WSW11D V\`11 ,a1-\E SY1ZO
Z\ obd ,VdaZdp `m+d 1W SadaE SE ,\4Y\3Z\E
SY1ZZ\ /,dYq adj1ZmYS bSW*]SqYS \Z Z*O
V\`YSW bmaqhS Wp/1yE a\b,\`S, hd/\ L*bO
e1q 58B5:E 5;C dVS 68B85P87MD 'b* `m+* S4O
,1abZ* b1YE hb\ h*ab\ /1`3Sb ,\ `bd a,\Sf
Y*WnV\,D Z* Y\31b b*V31 /1`3*bn ,\ `bd
V*Ydj1V SWS /*31 ]\/\+`*bn a\ /Z* Y\`q
a,1`V*pkdp Y\Z1bVd L*be1q 5;B6;MD
]1`,\Y ,1V1 `m+*V*Y b`1+\,*W\an b1`O
]1ZS1E b`d/\Wp+S1 S -\b\,Z\abn ]1`1Z\aSbn
b`d/Z\abS `*/S ]`1/ab\qk1y Z*-`*/mD 1E
Vb\ \bVWSVZdWaq Z* ]`S-W*j1ZS1 Sada* S
ab*W 1-\ dh1ZSV\YE b\31 /\W3Zm +mWS ]`\O
q,Wqbn obS V*h1ab,*E hb\+m +mbn da]1jZmO
YS wW\,g*YS Wp/1yx L*be1q 6MD
20

˙˚˚ ˚% a `*/\abnp -\,\`qb
\ S+WSS a Wp/nYSE 3S,dkSYS ]\ a\a1/ab,dD
\31bE ,*a SZb1`1ad1b V*V\yOb\ V\ZV`1bZmy
+S+W1yaVSy ,\]`\aH WS ,*Y Wp+\]mbZ\ d4Z*bn
\ ,1`\,*ZSqf S /1qb1WnZ\abS ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mH
˚aWS b*VE Z1 ab1aZqyb1an a]`\aSbn Sf \+ ob\Y ]`S
aW1/dpk1y ,ab`1h1D ,S/1b1WS 1-\,m a
d/\,\Wnab,S1Y \b,1bqb Z* ,*jS ,\]`\amD
*4-\,\` Z* +S+W1yaVdp b1Yd
a1 WS f\`\jS1 Wp/S S/db Z* Z1+\H
˛/1an ]`S,1/1Z bS]ShZmy `*4-\,\`
Y13/d ,S/1b1W1Y 1-\,m S h1W\,1V\YE
3S,dkSY ]\ a\a1/ab,dD `1/ab*,SYE
hb\ ,S/1b1Wn ]\ SY1ZS W1Va*Z/`
4*j1W V Yd3hSZ1 ]\ SY1ZS \+1`bD
b\ +d/db /1W*bn Z* Z1+1 b1E
Vb\ bd/* ]\y/1bH
W1Va*Z/`B *V ,m /dY*1b1E 3S4Zn , +dO
/dk1Y S4Y1ZSbaq V Wdhj1YdE ab*Z1b fdO
31 SWS \ab*Z1baq ]`13Z1yH
\+1`bB ˙dY*pE 3S4Zn ab*Z1b Wdhj1D
) Z*/1pan ]\ybS Z* Z1+1a* V \-dD
W1Va*Z/`B `1V`*aZ*q Z*/13/*I SO
+WSS YZ\-\ -\,\`Sbaq \ Z1+1a*f S \ b\YE
hb\ ]\ybS bd/* P ob\ +\Wnj*q h1abnD
,m 4*/dYm,*WSan \ b\YE hb\ +d/db /1O
W*bn Wp/S Z* Z1+1H
\+1`bB m+d/1Ya\-\YS+d/1Y,1hO
Z\ 1-\ ,\af,*WqbnD
W1Va*Z/`B h1Zn f\`\j11 31W*ZS1D
\ 4Z*1b1E , S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ ]\yO
bS Z* Z1+\ P ob\ Z1 b\WnV\ h1abnE Z\S
\b,1bab,1ZZ\abnD
\+1`bB b\ ,m SY11b1 , ,S/dH
W1Va*Z/`B + ob\Y -\,\`Sbaq , bV`\O
,1ZSS 9B5>D \bE ]\aY\b`Sb1B wSada a/1O
W*W Sf g*`ab,\Y S a,qk1ZZSV*YS Z*O
j1-\ \-*E S \ZS +d/db g*`ab,\,*bn Z*/
41YW1yxD m 4*Y1bSWSE V*V*q \b,1bab,1ZO
Z\abn ,\4W\31Z* Z* b1fE Vb\ S/1b Z*
Z1+\H
\+1`bB ˛/1an Z*]Sa*Z\E hb\ \ZS +d/db
g*`ab,\,*bn Z*/ 41YW1yD
W1Va*Z/`B Zb1`1aZ*q YmaWnE ]`*,/*H
1Y \ZS +d/db ]`*,SbnH
W1Va*Z/`B \-W*aSb1anE hb\ 1aWS b1E
Vb\ ]\y/1b Z* Z1+\E +d/db g*`qYSE b\ /\WO
3Zm +mbn S b1E V1Y \ZS +d/db ]`*,SbnD
1/n Z1 +m,*1b b*VE hb\+m d ]`*,Sb1WnO
ab,* Z1 +mW\ ]\//*ZZmfD
\+1`bB *31baqE q ]\ZSY*pE \ h1Y ,mD
W1Va*Z/`B \4ZSV*1b W\-ShZmy ,\O
]`\aB V1Y \ZS +d/db ]`*,SbnH
\+1`bB *,1`Z\1E Ym +d/1Y ]`*,Sbn
Wp/nYSE V\b\`m1 1k1 Z1 dY1`WS S Z1 ]\O
]*WS Z* Z1+\D
W1Va*Z/`B 'b\+mW\+m,1`Z\E1aWS+m
,a1 f\`\jS1 Wp/S jWS Z* Z1+\D \ b*V
WS ob\H \4Y\3Z\ WSE hb\ Z1V\b\`m1 S4
ZSf Z1 ]\y/db bd/*H
\+1`bB 1`,my `*4 \+ ob\Y aWmjdD
*4,1 f`SabS*Z1 , b*V\1 ,1`qbH
˝˚) ") ˙ 5 6>56 21

W1Va*Z/`B \-WS +m ,m 4*hSb*bn a*O
W\Y 7;B6=H
\+1`bB \`\j\D ˛/1an Z*]Sa*Z\B w`*O
,1/Zm1 Z*aW1/dpb 41YWp S +d/db 3Sbn
Z* Z1y ,1hZ\xD
W1Va*Z/`B ]*aS+\D m 4*Y1bSWSE -/1
+d/db 3Sbn YZ\-S1 f\`\jS1 Wp/SH
\+1`bB ˛/1an aV*4*Z\E hb\ Z* 41YW1D
W1Va*Z/`B \hZ\ P S Z1 ]`\ab\ V*V\1O
b\ V\`\bV\1 ,`1YqD +`*bSb1 ,ZSY*ZS1E
hb\ , abSf1 -\,\`SbaqB wDDD+d/db 3Sbn Z*
Z1y ,1hZ\xD
\+1`bB ˙dY*pE ob\ ]`\ab\ \4Z*h*1bE
hb\ Z* 41YW1 ,a1-/* +d/db 3Sbn f\`\jS1
Wp/SD 1/n V\-/* Ym dYS`*1Y S S/1Y Z*
Z1+\E Z* aY1Zd Z*Y ]`Sf\/qb /`d-S1D
W1Va*Z/`B Z\-S1 SY1ZZ\ b*V S ]\ZSO
Y*pb ob\b abSfD \ Y\31bE 4/1an ]\/O
`*4dY1,*1baq hb\Ob\ /`d-\1H 1 aY1Z*
]\V\W1ZSyE * b\E hb\ f\`\jS1 Wp/S ,
]`qY\Y aYmaW1 +d/db 3Sbn Z* 41YW1
,1hZ\H
\+1`bB )Z1a\,a1Y]\ZSY*pE\h1Y,mD
d/dkSy 41YZ\y `*y
W1Va*Z/`B ˙*,*yb1 ]\aY\b`SY /`dO
-\y +S+W1yaVSy abSfE V\b\`my \]SamO
,*1bE V*V\y +d/1b 3S4Zn Wp/1y Z* 41YW1
, +d/dk1YD bV`\,1ZSS 65B8 -\,\`SbO
aqE hb\ \- w\b`1b ,aqVdp aW14d a Sf -W*4E
S aY1`bS d31 Z1 +d/1bE ZS aV\`+SE ZS ,\O
]WqE ZS +\WS d31 Z1 +d/1bD `13Z11 ]`\O
jW\xD `1V`*aZ\1 \+1k*ZS1E Z1 ]`*,O
/* WSH
\+1`bB ˙*D \ q /dY*WE hb\ 4/1an `1hn
S/1b \ 3S4ZS Z* Z1+1D
W1Va*Z/`B \Z1hZ\E b1E Vb\ ]\y/1b Z*
Z1+\E Sa]mb*pb ]\/\+Zm1 +W*-\aW\,1O
ZSqD \ /*,*yb1 1k1 `*4 ,4-WqZ1Y Z*
ob\b abSfD b\ , Z1Y -\,\`Sbaq \ aY1`bSH
\+1`bB b\waY1`bSd31Z1+d/1bxD
W1Va*Z/`B \hZ\I ˙dY*pE ,m a\-W*aSO
b1anE hb\ /Wq b\-\E hb\+m h1-\Ob\ Z1 ab*O
W\E Zd3Z\E hb\+m aZ*h*W* ob\ +mW\D
\+1`bB \-W*a1ZD
W1Va*Z/`B \ `*4,1 Z* Z1+1 Vb\OZSO
+d/n dYS`*WH Y1`bn adk1ab,d1b b\WnV\
4/1anE Z* 41YW1D
\+1`bB YD Z1 Zd3Z\ \+ ob\Y ]\/dO
Y*bnD
W1Va*Z/`B S+WSq dhSbE hb\ WSjn Z1O
V\b\`m1 f\`\jS1 Wp/S S/db Z* Z1+\E
/`d-S1 31 +d/db 3Sbn ,1hZ\ 4/1anE Z*
41YW1D V\`11 ,a1-\E ,*Y 4Z*V\Ym b*VS1
aW\,*B wW*31ZZm V`\bVS1E S+\ \ZS Z*O
aW1/dpb 41YWpx L*be1q 9B9E SZ\/*WnO
Zmy ]1`1,\/MD
\+1`bB ˙*E q YZ\-\ `*4 aWmj*W ob\b
abSf , g1`V,SD
W1Va*Z/`B ˚aWS V`\bVS1 Z*aW1/dpb
41YWpE 4Z*hSbE \ZS +d/db 3Sbn Z* 41YW1E
,1/n b*VH 'bS Wp/S Sa]mb*pb +W*-\O
aW\,1ZSqE ]`1/aV*4*ZZm1 , bV`\,1ZSSD
*j YS` +d/1b a\,1`j1ZZ\ SZmYE \+Z\,O
W1ZZmYE ]\b\Yd hb\ \- dab`*ZSb ,a1
4W\P/*31aY1`bSd31Z1+d/1bD
\+1`bB ) ]\ZSY*pE V h1Yd ,m ,1/1O
b1D \ \/SZO/,* +S+W1yaVSf abSf* P ob\
1k1 Z1 /\V*4*b1Wnab,\D
W1Va*Z/`B \-W*a1ZD * a*Y\Y /1W1 ,
S+WSS YZ\-\ abSf\,E , V\b\`mf -\,\`SbO
aq \ b\YE V*V\y ab*Z1b 3S4Zn Z* 41YW1 ,
+d/dk1YD ˚aWS d ,*a 1abn 1k1 YSZdbV*E q
f\b1W +m ]\V*4*bn ,*Y \/SZ S4 Y\Sf WpO
+SYmf abSf\,D
\+1`bB ˙*E d Y1Zq 1abn ]*`* YSZdbD
w31 Z1 +d/1b Z1h1abS,\-\x
W1Va*Z/`B m d31 hSb*WS 6=Oy abSf
S4 7;O-\ a*WY*D \b1W +m ]\V*4*bn ,*Y
1k1 abSfS 5> S 55D \-WS +m ,m Sf 4*hSO
b*bnH
\+1`bB \`\j\Dw˚k1Z1YZ\-\ESd31
Z1 +d/1b Z1h1abS,\-\C ]\aY\b`Sjn Z* 1-\
22 ˝˚) ") ˙ 5 6>56

Y1ab\E S Z1b 1-\D V`\bVS1 Z*aW1/dpb
41YWp S Z*aW*/qbaq \+SWS1Y YS`*xD
W1Va*Z/`B ]*aS+\D \-W*aZ\ abSfd 55E
-/1 +d/db 3Sbn V`\bVS1E b\ 1abn f\`\jS1
Wp/SH
\+1`bB ˛/1an Z*]Sa*Z\E hb\ \ZS wZ*O
aW1/dpb 41YWpxD \ YZ1 V*31baqE hb\
ob\b abSf Sa]\WZq1baq , Z*j1 ,`1YqD
1/n a1-\/Zq Z* 41YW1 3S,1b YZ\-\ f\`\O
jSf Wp/1yD
W1Va*Z/`B m ]`*,mD \ 4*Y1bnb1E ,
ob\Y abSf1 b*V31 -\,\`SbaqE hb\ f\`\jS1
Wp/S wZ*aW*/qbaq \+SWS1Y YS`*xD \O
-W*aSb1anE Z*j1 ,`1Yq YS`ZmY Z1 Z*4\O
,1jnD
\+1`bB d /*D
W1Va*Z/`B *V 31 Sa]\WZSbaq ob\ \+1O
k*ZS1H \3Z\ ]`S,1abS b*V\y ]`SY1`D
`1/ab*,nb1E hb\ ,m a/*1b1 /\Y , *`1ZO
/dD 1V\b\`m1 3SWngm P f\`\jS1 Wp/SE
\ZS ]\//1`3S,*pb hSab\bd S ]\`q/\V S
W*/qb a a\a1/qYSD /*,*bn SY 3SWn1 P
\/Z\ d/\,\Wnab,S1D b /`d-Sf 3SWng\,
\/ZS ]`\+W1YmD ZS ,a1 W\Y*pbE ]\`bqbE
S Z* ZSf ,a1 3*WdpbaqD ˚aWS obS Wp/S
Z1 4*f\bqb Y1ZqbnaqE hb\ ,m a/1W*1b1H
\+1`bB )Sf]`\ab\,ma1WpD
W1Va*Z/`B Y1ZZ\ ob\ S a\+S`*1baq
a/1W*bn \- a ]W\fSYS Wp/nYSD \aY\bO
`Sb1 1k1 `*4 abSf 5>D ˛/1an aV*O
4*Z\B w31 Z1 +d/1b Z1h1abS,\-\xD
ZmYS aW\,*YSE \- w,ma1WSbx
Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 ]W\f\ \+`*k*pbO
aq a /`d-SYSD \-/* f\`\jS1 WpO
/S aY\-db 3Sbn Z* 41YW1 , YS`1
S ah*abn1D *,1`Z\1E YmaWn \ b\YE
hb\ f\`\jS1 Wp/S +d/db 3Sbn ,1O
hZ\ Z* 41YW1E /Wq ,*a hb\Ob\ Z\O
,\1H
\+1`bB ˙*E , Y\1y g1`V,S ZSO
V\-/* \+ ob\Y Z1 -\,\`SWSD
W1Va*Z/`B *V ,m a]`*,1/WS,\
4*Y1bSWSE hb\+m `*4\+`*bnaq , V*V\YOb\
,\]`\a1E Z1/\ab*b\hZ\ `*aaY\b`1bn WSjn
\/SZ SWS /,* abSf* S4 S+WSSD \ob\YdE
hb\+m d4Z*bnE V*V\1 +d/dk11 \3S/*1b f\O
`\jSf Wp/1yE Zd3Z\ ]`SZqbn ,\ ,ZSY*O
ZS1 ,ap S+WSpD *V ,m /dY*1b1E aW1/dO
1b WS S4 abSf\,E V\b\`m1 Ym a1-\/Zq ]`\O
hSb*WSE hb\ \/ZS f\`\jS1 Wp/S ]\y/db
Z* Z1+\E * YZ\-S1 /`d-S1 +d/db 3Sbn ,1hO
Z\ Z* 41YW1H
\+1`bB ˙*31 Z1 4Z*pD \-d b\WnV\
aV*4*bnE hb\ obS abSfS Z1 SaVWph*pb b*O
V\-\ b\WV\,*ZSqD Z1 Zd3Z\ ,`1YqE hb\O
+m ,a1 \+/dY*bnD
W1Va*Z/`B a,q4S a ob\y b1Y\y d ,*a
Y\-db ,\4ZSVZdbn S /`d-S1 ,\]`\amE Z*O
]`SY1`B hb\ ab*W\ a f\`\jSYS Wp/nYSE
V\b\`m1 3SWS /\ Z*aH a1 WS \ZS ]\jWS
Z* Z1+\H 1aWS Z1bE b\ -/1 \ZS a1yh*aH
\+1`bB ˙*E ob\ SZb1`1aZ\D
W1Va*Z/`B ˙*,*yb1 a/1W*1Y b*VB q Z*O
]Sjd ,*Y Z1aV\WnV\ abSf\,E V\b\`m1 \bO
Z\aqbaq V ob\y b1Y1D h1`14 Z1V\b\`\1
,`1YqE V\-/* ,m Sf ]`\hSb*1b1 S \+/dY*O
1b1E q aZ\,* 4*y/d V ,*Y S Ym Sf \+ad/SYD
b\ aV*31b1H
\+1`bB \`\j\E 4*f\/Sb1D ]*aS+\D
Y\b`Sb1 \, 58B57P59C \*ZZ* 7B57C ˙1qZSq
6B78D
˝˚) ") ˙ 5 6>56 23

˙˚) ˙
˚ ˚
S+WSq /Wq a*Ymf Y*W1ZnVSf
\Wq d4Z*WE hb\ /`d- 4*+\W1WE
]\/dY*WB
w\y/dOV*
VZ1YdIx
SanY\
Z*]Sa*WE
ShZ\ , `dVS
\b/*WE

\+ 1Yd
Z1 aVdh*bn
\/Z\YdD
d/n /\+`mYE b\-/*
+d/1b f\`\j\ b1+1
S/`d-SYI
51b`*7B<
˙˚) dabn `1+1Z\V ]\V*31bB
/\Y ab\W \Wp
a\WZmjV\ ]bShVd /1`1,\
V*3Sb1 `1+1ZVdE Vb\ S4 ,*jSf 4Z*V\Ymf a1yh*a
+\W11bE S \+ad/Sb1 a ZSYE V*V ,m ,Y1ab1 Y\31b1
]\`*/\,*bn ob\-\ h1W\,1V*D
25

˛˚˚ %H
bVd/* d S4`*SWnbqZ +mWS /`*-\g1ZZm1 V*YZS
/Wq Z*-`d/ZSV* ]1`,\a,qk1ZZSV*H
ˇ \aW1 b\-\ V*V S4`*SWnbqZ1 ,mjWS S4
˚-S]b*S]`SjWS,]dabmZpE\-]\,1O
W1W SY a/1W*bn Z*-`d/ZSV /Wq ]1`,\a,qO
k1ZZSV* Laf\/ 6P78MD ]\O
ab\W *,1W a\,1b\,*W a,\1Yd /`d-d
SY\e1pB w\/d +\Wnj1 Z1 ]1yE Z\
d]\b`1+Wqy Z1YZ\-\ ,SZ* `*/S a,\1-\
31Wd/V* S h*abmf Z1/\Y\-*ZSyx L5 SO
Y\e1p 9B67MD ]`*,/*ZZ\ WS Sa]\Wn4\O
,*ZS1 ,SZ*E \]Sa*ZZ\1 Sada\Y S *,O
W\YE a Y1/SgSZaV\y b\hVS 4`1ZSqH
VZS-1 w˙`1,Z11 ,SZ\x -\,\`SbaqE hb\
,SZ\ q,Wq1baq w\/Z\,`1Y1ZZ\ *Z*Wn-1O
bSV\YE *ZbSa1]bSV\Y S \+k1dV`1]WqpO
kSY a`1/ab,\Yx LAncient WineMD /`1,O
Z\abS ,SZ\ +mW\ \/ZSY S4 \aZ\,Zmf W1O
V*`ab, , ˚-S]b1E 1a\]\b*YSS S S`SSD
\/Z\y VZS-1 \bY1h*1baqE hb\ ,SZ\ P
ob\ w/`1,Z1yj11 W1V*`ab,1ZZ\1 a`1/O
ab,\E d]\YSZ*pk11aq , ]SanY1ZZmf SaO
b\hZSV*fx LThe Oxford Companion to WineMD
a\,1b1E V\b\`my *,1W /*W SY\e1pE
, VZS-1 w`\Saf\3/1ZS1 S /`1,Zqq Sab\O
`Sq ,SZ*x Z*]Sa*Z\B w'Va]1`SY1Zb*WnZ\
/\V*4*Z\E hb\ ,\4+d/Sb1WS +`pjZ\-\ bSO
e* S /`d-S1 \]*aZm1 +*Vb1`SSE ]\]*/*q
, ,SZ\E +mab`\ ]\-S+*pbx LThe Origins and
Ancient History of WineMD \,`1Y1ZZm1 SaO
aW1/\,*ZSq ]\/b,1`3/*pbE hb\ Z1V\b\O
`m1 S4 +\W11 h1Y 9>> a\1/SZ1ZSyE a\O
/1`3*kSfaq , ,SZ1E \+W*/*pb ,mj1d]\O
YqZdbmYS S Z1V\b\`mYS /`d-SYS W1h1+O
ZmYS a,\yab,*YSD
26 ˝˚) ") ˙ 5 6>56

˝•˚&
1-\,* Z1Z*,S/Sb Z1a]`*,1/WS,\abn
,W*ab,d1b Z*/ h1W\,1V\Y 1Yd ,\
w˚˚
,`1/x L'VVW14S*ab

% 576O "% ˙
˛*kSbZSVS SabSZm
5>
6>56 -\/* +mW\ \a\+mY /Z1Y
, h1+Z\Y g1Zb`1 ,S/1b1W1y 1-\O
,m , *bb1`a\Z1 Ljb*b npO•\`VMD maqhS
Z*`q/Zmf Wp/1yE ,VWph*q -\ab1y S4 /`dO
-Sf ab`*ZE ]`SjWS Z* ,m]daV 576O-\ VW*aa*
S+W1yaV\y jV\Wm b\`\31,\y *jZS *O
W**/D m]daV a\ab\qWaq , 4*W1 , *bb1`a\O
Z1 S b`*ZaWS`\,*Waq , /`d-S1 Y1ab*D \+O
k1y aW\3Z\abS ]`\-`*YYd ]`\aWdj*W\
=>86 h1W\,1V*D
a1 +mWS , ]`1/,Vdj1ZSS h1-\Ob\ \a\O
+1ZZ\-\D \bWShS1 \b abd/1Zb\, ]`1/m/dO
kSf VW*aa\, YSaaS\Z1`aV\y jV\WmE ,mO
]daVZSVS ob\-\ VW*aa* d31 Z*f\/SWSan
, a]1gS*WnZ\Y ]\WZ\,`1Y1ZZ\Y aWd31ZSS
V*V ,1eSWngmE a]1gS*WnZm1 ]S\Z1`mE
`*4l14/Zm1 Z*/4S`*b1WS SWS YSaaS\Z1`mE
f\bq `*Znj1 S Z1 ]`\f\/SWS \+dh1ZSq ,
"V\W1 *W**/D b\ Y\3Z\ +mW\ aV*4*bn
obSY \]mbZmY abd/1Zb*YH
aV\`1 Wp+\]mbab,\ ]`Sadbab,dpkSf
+mW\ d/\,W1b,\`1Z\D `1/a1/*b1Wn ]`\O
-`*YYmE 1``Sb 1jE hW1Z dV\,\/qk1-\
a\,1b* ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mE ,mabd]SW a
]1`,\y `1hnpD Z Z*h*W a SZb1`1aZ\-\ ,\O
]`\a*B w\3Z\ WS b1+q Z*4,*bn 4*kSbZSO
V\YHx Z \+lqaZSWE hb\ f`SabS*Z1 P 4*O
kSbZSVS SabSZmE +\`gm 4* hSab\bd f`SabSO
*ZaVSf dh1ZSyD ,1`/\ ab\qbn 4* SabSZd
\4Z*h*1b Z1 ]`\ab\ dhSbn /`d-Sf SabSZ1E Z\
S ]\Y\-*bn SY ]\Wp+Sbn 11D
wbVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ d Z*a SabSZ*Hx P
a]`\aSW +`*b 1jD Z \bY1bSWE hb\ ob\
\]`1/1Wq1baq Z1 V\WSh1ab,\Y Wp/1yD \bq
a1-\/Zq SabSZd ]`SZSY*pb YSWWS\ZmE ,
qbS/1aqbZSgd 77 -\/* ZD oD b*VSf Wp/1y
+mW\ Z1YZ\-\D Z ]`S,1W ]qbn /\V*4*O
b1Wnab, b\-\E hb\ SabSZ* d Z*aB 5M Ym aW1/dO
1Y dh1ZSqY Sada* `Sab*C 6M Y13/d Z*YS
g*`Sb Wp+\,nC 7M Ym ]`S/1`3S,*1Yaq ,ma\O
VSf Z`*,ab,1ZZmf Z\`Y \-*C 8M Ym Z1 ,Y1O
jS,*1Yaq , /1W* ob\-\ YS`*C 9M Ym P Z*`\/E
V\b\`my Z\aSb SYq \-*D
w b\hZ\abS aW1/dyb1 `dV\,\/ab,dx
Wdj*b1WS +mWS V`*yZ1 4*SZb`S-\,*ZmE
V\-/* ˙31ee`S ˙31Va\ZE hW1Z dV\,\/qO
k1-\ a\,1b*E ,mj1W Z* ag1Zd a h1Y\/*Z\Y ,
`dV1 S Z1 a]1j* ]\/\j1W V ]p]Sb`dD *O
4,*ZS1 1-\ `1hS P w b\hZ\abS aW1/dyb1 `dO
V\,\/ab,dx P +mW\ \aZ\,*Z\ Z* aW\,*f S4
a*SS 9>B9D ob\Y abSf1 \+ Sada1 ]`\`\h1O
aVS -\,\`SbaqB w) Z1 ]`\bS,SWaqE Z1 \babdO
]SW Z*4*/xD
`*b ˙31Va\Z ]\+d/SW abd/1Zb\, +mbn
,\a]`SSYhS,mYS V `dV\,\/ab,dE V\b\`\1
1-\,* /*1b h1`14 a,qb\y /dfE S+WSp S
a,\p \`-*ZS4*gSpD ]`Sbh1 \ b*W*Zb*fE
4*]Sa*ZZ\y , *be1q 69B58P7>E `*+mE ]\
adbSE ]\WdhSWS `*,Z\1 V\WSh1ab,\ a1`1+`*E
]\aV\WnVd V*3/\Yd +mW\ /*Z\ , a\\b,1bO
ab,SS a 1-\ a]\a\+Z\abqYSD 3S/*W\anE hb\
\ZS a/1W*pb ,a1E hb\ , Sf aSW*fD ˙,\1 `*O
+\, 4*aWd3SWS \/\+`1ZS1 S +mWS Z*4,*O
Zm w/\+`mYS S ,1`ZmYSxD 1`Z\abn Z1 ,a1O
-/* \]`1/1Wq1baq `14dWnb*b*YSE Z\ b1YE
Z*aV\WnV\ b\hZ\ h1W\,1V aW1/d1b `dV\,\/O
ab,dD
`1bSy `*+ +mW Z*4,*Z 4WmYE W1ZS,mY
S Z1-\/ZmYD \h1YdH Z 4*V\]*W a,\y b*O
W*Zb , 41YWpD *W*Zb P ob\ Z1 /\ab\SZab,\
Y\Z1bmE * ,1a\,*q 1/SZSg*E oV,S,*W1ZbZ*q
:>>> /SZ*`S1, S `*,Z*q 6> VSW\-`*YY*YD
`SY1`Z\ ab\WnV\ `*4`1j1Z\ ]`\,\4Sbn a
a\+\y , h1Y\/*Z1 ]*aa*3S`*YE ]db1j1ab,dO
pkSY 4* -`*ZSgdD b\+m 4*`mbn hb\Ob\ `*4O
Y1`\Y a h1Y\/*ZE b`1+d1baq Z1Y*W\ daSWSyD
*V ,S/Z\E ob\b `*+ ,a1Ob*VS hb\Ob\ a/1O
W*W P \Z 4*`mW b*W*ZbEP \/Z*V\ ob\ +mW\
Z1 b\E hb\ 1Yd ]\`dhSWSD \/\+ZmY \+`*O
28 ˝˚) ") ˙ 5 6>56

4\YE YSaaS\Z1` Y\31b +mbn \h1Zn 4*Zqb P
Z\ h1Y \Z 4*ZqbH *aamWV\y ]Sa1Y S ]\/O
/1`3V\y +W\-\,H Wd3/*ZS1Y , Zb1`Z1O
b1H +k1ZS1Y a /`d4nqYSH WS Y\31bE +S4O
Z1a\YH ˛*ZSY*qan ,a1Y obSYE YSaaS\Z1` Y\O
31b aSWnZ\ dab*bn , V\Zg1 /ZqE Z\ ]`S ob\Y
Z1 a/1W*bn b\-\E hb\ 1Yd +mW\ ]\`dh1Z\D
4*VWph1ZS1 +`*b ˙31Va\Z ]`S4,*WB wa1O
-/* aW1/dyb1 `dV\,\/ab,dIx
wb+`*am,*yb1 a\YZ1ZSqx
*V Z*4m,*W*an `1hn 'Zb\ZS \``Sa*E
hW1Z* dV\,\/qk1-\ a\,1b*D wS+WSq qaZ\
/*1b ]\ZqbnE hb\ ,1`* S a\YZ1ZSq Z1 Y\-db
a\adk1ab,\,*bnEP aV*4*W \ZDP 1`* Z1
\ab*,Wq1b Y1ab* a\YZ1ZSqYxD *b*Z1 d/*O
W\an ]\a1qbn a\YZ1ZSq , dY1 a\,1`j1ZZ\y
31ZkSZmE ˚,mE * 4Z*hSbE \Z Y\31b ]\a1qbn
a\YZ1ZSq S , Z*jSf dY*fD wSb*yb1 a,\p
,1`d S ]dabn a\YZ1ZSq dY`db \b -\W\/*Ix P
]\+d/SW +`*b \``SaD Z \+`*bSW ,ZSY*O
ZS1 Z* ]`SY1` 1b`*E V\b\`my w]\j1W ]\
,\/1xE Z\ 4*b1YE w-Wq/q Z* +d`pDDD Sa]d-*WO
aq SDDD ab*W b\ZdbnxD \/f,*bS, 1-\E Sada
a]`\aSWB w*W\,1`ZmyE ]\h1Yd bm da\YO
ZSWaqHx L*be1q 58B6=P75MD `*b \``Sa
\+lqaZSWB w YSaaS\Z1`aV\Y aWd31ZSS ,m
+d/1b1 b*V 4*ZqbmE hb\ Z1V\b\`m1 +d/db Z1O
/\dY1,*bnE V*V ,m ,a1 da]1,*1b1D ˙Wq ZSf
ob\ +d/1b b*V 31 d/S,Sb1WnZ\E V*V 1aWS
+m ,m jWS ]\ ,\/1D \ 1aWS ]\/ZSY1baq
jb\`YE Z1 /*yb1 Y1ab* a\YZ1ZSqYxD
˙\VW*/hSV ]`\/\W3SWE aV*4*,E hb\E f\bq
,\ ,`1Yq jb\`Y* +m,*1b Z1W1-V\E ,1b`m `*O
Z\ SWS ]\4/Z\ abSf*pbD Z ]\+d/SW ,mO
]daVZSV\, , b`d/Zm1 ,`1Y1Z* +`*bn ]`SY1`
a *,W* S SWmD ˙1qZSqf 5:B69 -\,\`Sbaq
\ b\YE hb\ \ZS /1W*WSE V\-/* \V*4*WSan ,
bp`nY1 , SWS]]*fB wV\W\ ]\WdZ\hS *O
,1W S SW* Y\WSWSan S ]1WSE ,\af,*Wqq
\-*E S 4*VWph1ZZm1 aWmj*WS SfxD ˛*Y1bnO
b1E hb\ \ZS Z1 ]`\ab\ Y\WSWSan P \ZS ]1WSD
]1WS b*V -`\YV\E hb\ Sf aWmj*WS /`dO
-S1 4*VWph1ZZm1D \WnjSZab,\ S4 Z*aE ]\
aW\,*Y +`*b* \``Sa*E Z1 \+W*/*1b ,m/*pO
kSYSaq ,\V*WnZmYS /*ZZmYSE \/Z*V\ Z*Y
Z1 Zd3Z\ ab1aZqbnaq ]1bnE \a\+1ZZ\ , Sa]mO
b*ZSqfD 'Zb\ZS \``Sa 4*V\ZhSW `1hn aW\O
,*YS ]1aZS 579 wmab\qbn /\ V\Zg*x S4 ]1O
a1ZZSV* w\yb1 1-\,1xD
˙`d-S1 \+\/`Sb1WnZm1 `1hS
wd/1jn WS bm Wp+Sbn /\W-\/1Zab,S1Hx
P b*V Z*4m,*W*an `1hn \+1`b* dhh\ZS
S4 \b/1W* aZ*+31ZSqD 1Y* ob\y `1hS \aZ\O
,*Z* Z* aW\,*f g*`q ˙*,S/*E 4*]Sa*ZZmf ,
a*WY1 78B56D `*b dhh\ZS \+ad/SWE V*V
]`1\/\W1,*bn b`d/Z\abS S ]`S ob\Y a\f`*O
Zqbn f\`\jS1 \bZ\j1ZSq a 1-\,\yD Z \+O
`*bSW ,ZSY*ZS1 Z* 5 *YdSW*E 7>Op -W*,dD
V`m,*qan \b g*`q *dW*E ˙*,S/ S 1-\ WpO
/S a\ a,\SYS a1YnqYS 3SWS , 1V1W*-1D \-O
/* *Y*WSVSbqZ1 4*f,*bSWS , ]W1Z Sf 31Z S
/1b1yE ,\SZm \+,SZSWS , ob\Y ˙*,S/* S f\O
b1WS ]\+Sbn 1-\ V*YZqYSD *V ]\abd]SW
˙*,S/H Z Z1 ,]*W , \bh*qZS1E Z\ wdV`1O
]SWaq , 1-\,1E a,\1Y \-1x L5 *YdSW*
7>B:MD Z a]`\aSW a\,1b* d 1-\,m S ]\abdO
]SW , a\-W*aSS a ZSYD Sb\-1 1Yd d/*W\an
\a,\+\/Sbn ]W1ZZmfD ˙\VW*/hSV 4*,1`SW
abd/1Zb\, , b\YE hb\ 1aWS \ZSE ]\/\+Z\ ˙*O
,S/dE +d/db ]\W*-*bnaq Z* 1-\,d S aW1/\O
,*bn 1-\ `dV\,\/ab,dE b\ \ZS +d/db Wp+Sbn
/\W-\/1Zab,S1E b\ 1abn d,S/qb YZ\-\ /\+O
`mf /Z1yD ZS +d/db `*/\,*bnaq 3S4ZSE ,mO
]\WZqq ]\`dh1ZZ\1 \-\Y 4*/*ZS1D
wdabn ,*jS -W*4* \]1`13*pb Z\hZm1
ab`*3SxD ob\y `1hnp ,mabd]SW *yVW
1`Z1bbE \/SZ S4 ]`1]\/*,*b1W1y "V\Wm
*W**/D 4`*SWnbqZ1 /1WSWS Z\hn P ]1`SO
\/ \b 4*f\/* /\ ,\af\/* a\WZg* P Z* b`S
ab`*3SE ]\ h1bm`1 h*a* V*3/*qD \aW1/Zqq
ab`*3* /WSW*an a /,df h*a\, Z\hS /\ j1abS
h*a\, db`*D 'b\ +mW\ a*Y\1 b1YZ\1 S f\W\/O
Z\1 ,`1YqD ob\b ]1`S\/ +mW\ aW\3Z11 ,a1O
-\ +\/`ab,\,*bnD b\+m Z1 4*/`1Y*bn , ]\aO
W1/Zpp ab`*3d Z\hSE ]a*WY\]1,1g -Wd+\V\
`*4YmjWqW Z*/ aW\,*YS 1-\,m La*W\Y
55=B58

+1aa1`/1hS1 ob\-\ YS`*D ZSY Zd3Z\ -\b\O
,Sbnaq 4*`*Z11xD ˛*b1Y \Z Z*]\YZSW abdO
/1Zb*YE hb\ +\/`ab,\,*bn /df\,Z\ SY ]\Y\O
31b -Wd+\V\1 WShZ\1 S4dh1ZS1D `*b 1`O
Z1bb ]`S,1W ]`SY1`B w*3/my /1Zn ,m Y\O
WSb1anE ]\b\Yd hb\ f\bSb1E hb\+m 1-\,*
+mW ,*jSY /`d-\YD *V ]\4,\Wnb1 31 S 1YdE
V*V ,*j1Yd /`d-dE V*3/my /1Zn -\,\`Sbn a
,*YS a\ ab`*ZSg S+WSSD \hn +WS4Sbaq V
V\ZgdE ]\ob\Yd `*4YmjWqyb1 \ b\YE h1Y ,m
+d/1b1 4*ZSY*bnaqE V\-/* \Z* 4*V\ZhSbaqD
*V ,*jS -W*4* +d/db \]1`13*bn Z\hZm1
ab`*3SxD
w+dh1Zm /Wq ]`1/ab\qk1y `*+\bmxD 'bd
b1YdE \aZ\,*ZZdp Z* 5 1b`* 9B5>E `*aV`mW
*`V dY*`E /`d-\y ]`1]\/*,*b1Wn "V\O
Wm *W**/D Z \+`*bSWaq V abd/1Zb*Y a b*O
VSY ,\]`\a\YB wa1 ,m \]mbZm1 aWd3Sb1O
WSE /Wq h1-\ 31 b\-/* ,*a ]`S-W*aSWS ,
h1+Zmy g1Zb` b\`\31,\y *jZSHx Z
a*Y 31 \b,1bSW Z* a,\y ,\]`\aB w\b\Yd
hb\ ,m ]`\e1aaS\Z*Wm , a,\1Y /1W1D YZ\O
-S1 ]`\e1aaS\Z*Wm V*V `*4 ,m/1Wqpb ,`1O
Yq Z* b\E hb\+m ]\a1bSbn Vd`am ]\,mj1ZSq
V,*WSeSV*gSSD * ]`\bq31ZSS ]\aW1/ZSf
]qbS Y1aqg1, 1-\,* dV`1]WqW ,*a S /1W*W
aSWnZmYS h1`14 S4dh1ZS1 1-\ W\,* S \`O
-*ZS4*gSSE hb\+m ,m Y\-WS Z1abS -`d4 \bO
,1bab,1ZZ\abSE V\b\`*q Wq31b Z* ,*jS ]W1O
hSD `\hZ*q /`1,1aSZ* Z1 /1e\`YS`d1baq S
Z1 b`1aV*1baq ]\/ /*,W1ZS1YD W\/m ,*O
j1-\ \+dh1ZSq ab*Zdb \h1,S/ZmYSE V\-/*
,m Z*hZ1b1 a\b`d/ZSh*bn a +`*bnqYS S a1O
ab`*YSD *V ,m ]\,1/1b1 a1+qE ab\WVZd,O
jSan a /*,W1ZS1YH \abd]Sb1an +S+W1yO
aVSYS ]`SZgS]*YS SWS 31 +d/1b1 b,1`/\
/1`3*baq b\-\E h1Yd dhSb \3n1 W\,\H
`\hZmY Z*4m,*pb b\E hb\ Y\31b ,m/1`3SO
,*bn Z*-`d4VdD `\hZ\abn /`1,1aSZm 4*,SO
aSb \b b\-\E Z*aV\WnV\ b1aZ\ ]1`1]W1b1Zm
11 ,\W\VZ*D *jd ]`\hZ\abn \]`1/1Wq1b b\E
V*VS1 Ym ,Zdb`SEP YZ\-\hSaW1ZZm1 V*h1O
ab,* S ab\`\Zm Z*j1y WShZ\abSD 1-\,*
]`S-W*aSW ,*a ap/*E hb\+m ,m ab*WS aSWnO
ZmYSE ab\yVSYS S Z*/13ZmYSE a]\a\+ZmYS
a]`*,Sbnaq a ]`1/ab\qkSY 4*/*ZS1YD \-
a/1W*W a,\p h*abn `*+\bmE S Ym Y\WSYaqE
hb\+m ,m b1]1`n a/1W*WS a,\p S ]\4,\WSWS
1WSV\Yd *ab*,ZSVd /\,1abS ,*j1 \+dh1O
ZS1 /\ V\Zg*xD
Wdh*S S4 aWd31ZSq S SZb1`,np
`\-`*YYd ,m]daV* "V\Wm *W**/ ,a1O
-/* \h1Zn \3S,Wq1b dh*abS1 a*YSf abd/1ZO
b\,D \ ,`1Yq \/Z\-\ S4 ]dZVb\, ]`\-`*YO
Ym abd/1Zbm SZag1ZS`\,*WS Z1V\b\`m1
aWdh*SE ]`\S4\j1/jS1 a ZSYS , aWd31ZSSD
* ]dbS , "V\Wd *W**/ \/Z\y ]*`1 S4
`*ZgSS ]`SjW\an j1abn h*a\, 3/*bn a,\O
1-\ `1ya* , *o`\]\`bdD V*e1 \ZS 4*-\,\`SO
WS a /,dYq Yd3hSZ*YSE V\b\`m1 b\31 3/*O
WS ,mW1b*D 4Z*,E hb\ \/SZ S4 ZSf S4 *W*O
,SE ad]`d-S 4*-\,\`SWS a ZSY Z* hSh1,*D
Z \h1Zn d/S,SWaq S a]`\aSWE \bVd/* \ZS
4Z*pb 1-\ q4mVD ZS \+lqaZSWSE hb\ aWdO
3SWS YSaaS\Z1`*YS , *W*,SD \-/* ,b\O
`\y Yd3hSZ* aV*4*WE hb\ \Z S4 *Y1`dZ*E
ad]`d-SE V 1-\ d/S,W1ZSpE 4*-\,\`SWS a ZSY
Z* e`*Zgd4aV\YD f a\+1a1/ZSVS +mWS ,mO
a\V\-\ YZ1ZSq \ ,S/1b1Wqf 1-\,mE S YSaO
aS\Z1`*Y d/*W\an /*bn SY f\`\j11 a,S/1O
b1Wnab,\D
SV\W*a W*/Sa S4 \b/1W* \+aWd3S,*O
ZSq ]1`1,\/h1aVSf -`d]] ,4qW SZb1`,np d
/,df ad]`d31aVSf ]*`D /Z* ]*`* ]1`11f*O
W* S4 ,ab`*WSS , \ab\hZmy SY\`E -/1
jW* ,\yZ*D ˙`d-*q ]1`11f*W* S4 \`1S ,
\ZV\Z-D +1 ]*`m -\`1WS 31W*ZS1Y ]\aV\O
`11 ,1`Zdbnaq V a,\SY YSaaS\Z1`aVSY Z*O
4Z*h1ZSqYE hb\+m ]`SY1ZSbn b\E h1Yd \ZS
Z*dhSWSan , "V\W1 *W**/D
\aW1 ,`dh1ZSq /S]W\Y\, \/SZ S4 ,mO
]daVZSV\, \b WSg* ,a1-\ VW*aa* 4*hSb*W
]SanY\E , V\b\`\Y ,m`*3*W*an +W*-\/*`O
Z\abn 4* ]`1/\ab*,W1ZZ\1 \+dh1ZS1D 4*O
VWph1ZS1 +`*b 1j ]`S,1W Z1aV\WnV\ V`*O
aS,mf a`*,Z1ZSyE aV*4*,E hb\ SabSZ* ]`1O
V`*aZ*E V*V `*/d-*E \Z* 3S,Sb1WnZmy \*4Sa
, ]dabmZ1E \Z* ]\/\+Z* qV\`p , +djdpk1Y
Y\`1D w*V\1 31 ah*abn1 4Z*bn SabSZdI P
aV*4*W \ZDP d/nb1 31 4*kSbZSV*YS SabSO
Zm S ]\Y\-*yb1 /`d-SY ,ab*,*bn Z* 11 4*O
kSbdIx
30 ˝˚) ") ˙ 5 6>56

576Oy VW*aa S+W1yaV\y jV\Wm b\`\31,\y *jZS *W**/
ZS31aW1/dpk1Y a]SaV1 `q/m ]`\ZdY1`\,*Zm \b +WS3Z1-\ V /*WnZ1YdE * SY1Z* ]1`1hSaW1Zm ]\ `q/*Y aW1,* Z*]`*,\D
5M •1] DE •1] ˙3DE - DE - DE \`SZ\ DE \`SZ\ DE \Z DE \Z D
6M \`*W1a DE \`*W1a DE ˛*Zdbd ˝DE ˛*Zdbd DE *Ye DE *Ye ˙3DE ˝1`Y1Z ˙DE ˝1`Y1Z D
7M bh*/1 DE bh*/1 DE \Y*a DE \Y*a 'DE 'abS31Z DE 'abS31Z D
8M '`Y*Z ˙DE '`Y*Z DE `1y ˙3DE `1y DE Y\`SZ DE Y\`SZ ˙DE \ •DE \ •D
9M SY\Z ˝DE SY\Z DE SW DE SW ˙DE '`SVa\Z ˙3DE '`SVa\Z D
:M *VVW*aVS ˙DE *VVW*aVS DE `*dZ DE `*dZ DE *`nqZd ˙DE *`nqZd DE \y\W* •DE \y\W* D
;M *b31`a DE *b31`a DE dV\ DE dV\ "DE pZn1 ˝DE pZn1 'D
m]daVZSV\, Z*4Z*hSWS , ab`*ZmE \bY1h1ZZm1 Z* V*`b1 ,ZS4d
˚˚
˙%˚
56 ]`1/ab*,W1ZZmf ab`*Z
7: a`1/ZSy ,\4`*ab
6> a`1/Z11 hSaW\ W1b
]\aW1 V`1k1ZSq
59 a`1/Z11 hSaW\ W1b
, ]\WZ\,`1Y1ZZ\Y
aWd31ZSS
˚˙˚%˚
"% ˚
'˙
˚˛
˚
˛)
˙)
˚
O˚˙˚
˚
˚)
˚)
˚
O˙’
O˚
˛˚
˙
˙˝
%•
˚˚ ˛˚)

*4dYZ\ WS ,1`Sbn , hd/1a*H
˚ % 8P