CSA-Journal-2016-04

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tracyanum. After reading a number of taxonomic papers, it seems that subgeneric rankings of subspecies or section have been used variously for cymbidiums over the years. The most recent is the section arrangement used by Du Puy and Cribb in the book, “The Genus Cymbidium”. We’ll use that one here. All of these rules are laid out by the International Association for Plant Taxonomy. What is a cymbidium? The definition of the genus Cymbidium was published in 1799 by Olof Peter Swartz in the journal whose title is abbreviated: Nov Act Soc Sc Upsal. Swartz was probably the first specialist in orchid taxonomy and he studied under Linnaeus the younger, whose father established the binomial nomenclature we use today. There are various descriptions of the genus but one of the best is in the book entitled “The Genus Cymbidium” by David Du Puy and Phillip Cribb (see references). The features that identify cymbidiums include aspects of leaf anatomy, pseudobulb structure and either two or four pollinia. Under this careful definition of cymbidium, how many actual species are there? There are some places to look, especially in web accessible databases. First, there is a working list of all plant species, The Plant List, created by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden and posted in the internet at http://www. theplantlist.org/. These institutions gathered all of the plant checklist datasets they could find and generated a stupendous master list. The new list combines a number of already huge lists stretching from the 200,000 names in the International Organization of Plant Information to the “Tropicos” information system of the Missouri Botanical Garden which holds over a million names and 3.9 million herbarium specimens. They further examined all of the names and rated those with sufficient information as “Accepted”. The synonyms and unresolved names are also included. Fig. 1. Olof Peter Swartz (1760-1818). The author of the genus description for cymbidiums published in 1799 We therefore may count the cymbidium information here as reasonably authoritative and probably inclusive. The Plant List returns 527 entries under the search term Cymbidium. Of these, 92 were rated as “Accepted”. Removing the subspecies and varieties leaves 72 species. In contrast Du Puy and Cribb in the 2007 book list 52 species. The difference stems from several issues. Some names have been assigned in new reports published after the book. However, Du Puy and Cribb examined hundreds of plant specimens in herbaria around the world as well as the literature and they resolved a number of the ambiguous names. If we combine the 52 well annotated ones and the new species the total comes to 60 species (Table 1). For ease of handling, the species are arranged into sections. There are 11 sections in the genus. If we exclude the six sections with one or two species, the majority are divided among four sections: Cymbidi- 40
Sectional listing of the Genus Cymbidium Annamaea Floribundum Cymbidium erythrostylum 1,2 Cymbidium chloranthum 1,2 Austrocymbidium Cymbidium elongatum 1,2 Cymbidium canaliculatum 1,2 Cymbidium floribundum 1,2 Cymbidium madidum 1,2 Cymbidium hartinahianum 1,2 Cymbidium suave 1,2 Cymbidium suavissimum 1,2 Bigibbarium Himantophyllum Cymbidium devonianum 1,2 Cymbidium dayanum 1,2 Borneense Jensoa Cymbidium aliciae 1,2 Cymbidium cyperifolium 1,2 Cymbidium borneense 1,2 Cymbidium defoliatum 1,2 Cymbidium Cymbidium ensifolium 1,2 Cymbidium aloifolium 1,2 Cymbidium faberi 1,2 Cymbidium atropurpureum 1,2 Cymbidium goeringii 1,2 Cymbidium bicolor 1,2 Cymbidium kanran 1,2 Cymbidium finlaysonianum 1,2 Cymbidium munroanum 1,2 Cymbidium rectum 1,2 Cymbidium nanulum 1,2 Cyperorchis Cymbidium omeiense 1,2 Cymbidium banaense 1,2 Cymbidium qiubeiense 1,2 Cymbidium cochleare 1,2 Cymbidium sichuanicum 1,2,3 Cymbidium eburneum 1,2 Cymbidium sinense 1,2 Cymbidium elegans 1,2 Cymbidium tortisepalum 1,2 Cymbidium erythraeum 1,2 Pachyrhizanthe Cymbidium hookerianum 1,2 Cymbidium lancifolium 1,2 Cymbidium insigne 1,2 Cymbidium macrorhizon 1,2 Cymbidium iridioides 1,2 Parishiella Cymbidium lowianum 1,2 Cymbidium tigrinum 1,2 Cymbidium mastersii 1,2 Not classified Cymbidium parishii 1,2 Cymbidium induratifolium 1,4 Cymbidium roseum 1,2 Cymbidium longipes 1,5 Cymbidium sanderae 1,2 Cymbidium micranthum 1,2 Cymbidium schroederi 1,2 Cymbidium paucifolium 1,7 Cymbidium sigmoideum 1,2 Cymbidium recurvatum 1,6 Cymbidium tracyanum 1,2 Cymbidium wadae 1,7 Cymbidium wenshanense 1,2 Cymbidium whiteae 1,2 Cymbidium wilsonii 1,2 Table 1. A listing of the species in the genus Cymbidium by section after the scheme proposed by Du Puy and Cribb (2007). The assignment to the sections does not strictly follow the molecular evidence and is therefore considered as provisional grouping. The sources of evidence for the names is indicated by the numbers following them. They are: 1) The Plant List; 2) Du Puy and Cribb, 2007; 3) Liu and Chen 2002; 4) Liu and Zhang, 1998; 5) Liu and Chen 2006; 6) Liu, Chen and Cribb, 2009; 7) T.Yukawa, 2002 41
Page 1 and 2: Volume 16, Number 4 • December 20
Page 3 and 4: The Official Publication of the Cym
Page 5 and 6: Cymbidium Mem. Connie Joe Nine 'Hea
Page 7 and 8: The President's Page I am excited t
Page 9 and 10: In Memoriam: Ernest Hetherington Te
Page 11 and 12: nized its quality and suggested the
Page 13 and 14: Breeding Heat Tolerant Cymbidiums i
Page 15 and 16: Ask the Experts A new question and
Page 17 and 18: on cymbidiums are boisduval scale,
Page 19 and 20: 72 nd Santa Barbara International O
Page 21 and 22: The large-flowered standard cymbidi
Page 23 and 24: years. During this time they are fu
Page 25 and 26: Fig. 9. Mycorrhizomes of Cym goerin
Page 27 and 28: Fig. 16 Cym. ensifolium 'Noble Lotu
Page 29 and 30: done. In 2004 I tried a new primary
Page 31 and 32: 29
Page 33 and 34: produced seven fragrant white flowe
Page 35 and 36: "but three or four plants are known
Page 37 and 38: cymbidium species it ranks 5th in t
Page 39 and 40: Fangon is a cross of Cymbidium Sund
Page 41: The Duffer's* Corner : You Can't Te
Page 45 and 46: SOUTH BAY ORCHID SOCIETY FIRST ANNU
Page 47 and 48: Waitakere Orchid Club Show, Kelston
Page 49 and 50: Award of Distinction Cymbidium Kiwi
Page 51 and 52: Paphiopedilum Lefty Kei 'Monsoon Go
Page 53 and 54: Phragmipedium Tall Tails 'Monsoon P
Page 55 and 56: Cymbidium Forest Gump 'Jenny' (Cym
Page 57 and 58: Name Parentage Registered by Cymbid
Page 59 and 60: Name Parentage Registered by Paphio
Page 61 and 62: Name Parentage Registered by Cymbid
Page 63 and 64: Name Parentage Registered by Paphop
Page 65 and 66: Name Parentage Registered by Paphio
Page 67 and 68: R Random Thoughts on Hybridizing an
Page 69 and 70: Paphiopedilum Mable Marie 'Rocky Ro
Page 71 and 72: Join or renew your membership in th

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