нас учит Библия

1Yd Z*a dhSb
S+WSqH

s
\b1WS +m ,m +1a]W*bZ\ S4dh*bn S+WSpH
bhs-U
161116

1Yd Z*a dhSb
S+WSqH
' ˙˚˝
\b\B
˛ ab`*ZSg* 69B WHO photo by Edouard Boubat
˛ ab`*ZSgm =:E =;B ,4`m,B Based on USAF photoC `1+ 1Z\VB Based on WHO
photo by W. Cutting
1a]W*bZ\D 'b\ S4/*ZS1 P h*abn ,a1YS`Z\y +S+W1yaV\y ]`\a,1bSb1WnZ\y
/1qb1WnZ\abSE V\b\`*q ]`\,\/Sbaq f`SabS*ZaVSYS ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,m
S ]\//1`3S,*1baq /\+`\,\WnZmYS ]\31`b,\,*ZSqYS
˚aWS ,m f\bSb1 a/1W*bn ]\31`b,\,*ZS1E ]\a1bSb1 a*yb www.jw.org/ru
˚aWS Z1 dV*4*Z\ SZ*h1E +S+W1yaVS1 gSb*bm ,4qbm S4
w,qk1ZZ\-\ Sa*ZSq P 1`1,\/* Z\,\-\ YS`*x
What Can the Bible Teach Us?
4/*ZS1B Z\q+`n 6>5: -\/*
Russian (bhs-U)
˘ 2015
Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
˛˙˚&
Druck und Verlag: Wachtturm Bibel- und Traktat-Gesellschaft, Selters/Ts.
Made in Germany /1W*Z\ , 1`Y*ZSS

˙˚˝˚
b\ \- ]`S-\b\,SW /Wq Wp/1yH 7
5D b\ b*V\y \-H <
6D S+WSq P VZS-* \b \-* 5=
7D b\ \- f\h1b a/1W*bn /Wq Wp/1yH 6=
8D b\ b*V\y Sada `Sab\aH 8>
9D mVd] P g1ZZmy ]\/*`\V \b \-* 96
:D b\ ]`\Saf\/Sb a h1W\,1V\Y ]\aW1 aY1`bSH :6
;D b\ , S+WSS -\,\`Sbaq \ ,\aV`1a1ZSSH ;5
9
55D \h1Yd , YS`1 b*V YZ\-\ 4W*H 55:
56D *V ab*bn /`d-\Y \-*H 568
57D 1ZSb1 /*` 3S4ZS 579
58D b\ Zd3Z\ /Wq a1Y1yZ\-\ ah*abnq 589
59D *V ]`*,SWnZ\ ]\VW\Zqbnaq \-dH 598
5:D \VW\Zqyb1an \-d b*VE V*V 1Yd d-\/Z\ 5:8
5;D *V Zd3Z\ Y\WSbnaq \-dH 5;8
5

˙) (˙˚•H
˚˙) 4* ]W\fSYS Z\,\abqYS /*O
W1V\ f\/Sbn Z1 Z*/\B /\ab*b\hZ\
,4qbn Wp+dp -*41bdE ,VWphSbn b1W1O
,S4\` SWS ]\aWdj*bn `*/S\D YS`1
b*V YZ\-\ ]`1abd]Z\abSE ,\yZ S b1`O
`\`S4Y*I `\Y1 b\-\E d V*3/\-\ S4
Z*a a,\S WShZm1 ]`\+W1YmD b\Ob\
ab`*/*1b S4O4* a1`n 14Zmf +\W14Z1yE
d V\-\Ob\ dY1`WS +WS4VS1D
˛*/dY*yb1anB
ˇ \h1b WS \-E hb\+m q SWS Y\q
a1Ynq ab`*/*WSH
ˇ *V YZ1 a]`*,Sbnaq a\ a,\SYS
]`\+W1Y*YSH
ˇ d/1b WS V\-/*OZS+d/n YS`
Z* 41YW1H
b,1bm Z* obS ,\]`\am 1abn ,
S+WSSD

8
)E
˙˚˚ ˛˚˚
˙˚&%˚ ˛˚˚)
p/S +\Wnj1 Z1 +d/db +\W1bnE ab*`1bn
S dYS`*bn LbV`\,1ZS1 65B8M
w`\Y\y +d/1b
aV*V*bnE V*V \W1Znx
La*Sq 79B:M
w*aV`\pbaq
-W*4* aW1]mfx
La*Sq 79B9M

Y1`jS1 +d/db aZ\,* 3Sbn
L\*ZZ* 9B6

: ˚ )H
#˚ ˚%
1 a]1jSb1 /1W*bn ,mO
,\/E hb\ ,a1E \ h1Y -\O
,\`SW\an ,mj1EP ]`\ab\
Y1hb*D 1/n ob\ \+1k*O
ZSq a*Y\-\ \-*E S , S+O
WSS \+lqaZq1baqE V*VSY
\+`*4\Y \Z Sf Sa]\WZSbD
\ d31 a1yh*a S+WSq
Y\31b ]\Y\hn ,*Y ,1abS
ah*abWS,dp 3S4ZnD \4O
Y\3Z\E ,m ]\/*,W1Zm S4O
4* eSZ*Za\,mf SWS a1O
Y1yZmf b`d/Z\ab1yE ]`\O
+W1Y a\ 4/\`\,n1Y SWS
S4O4* aY1`bS V\-\Ob\ S4
`\/ZmfD S+WSq ]\Y\O
31b ,*Y a]`*,Sbnaq a
obSYS ]`\+W1Y*YSD Z1y Y\3Z\ Z*ybS db1j1ZS1E ,1/n
\Z* \b,1h*1b Z* YZ\-S1 ,*3Zm1 ,\]`\amE b*VS1 V*VB
ˇ \h1Yd , YS`1 b*V YZ\-\ 4W* S ab`*/*ZSyH
ˇ *V a]`*,Sbnaq a ]`\+W1Y*YSH
ˇ b\ Zd3Z\ /Wq a1Y1yZ\-\ ah*abnqH
ˇ b\ ]`\Saf\/Sb a h1W\,1V\Y ]\aW1 aY1`bSH
ˇ Y\31Y WS Ym V\-/*OZS+d/n ,ab`1bSbnaq
a dY1`jSYS +WS4VSYSH
ˇ \h1Yd Ym Y\31Y +mbn d,1`1ZmE hb\ \- Sa]\WZSb
,a1 a,\S \+1k*ZSqH

˙) (˙˚•H ;
˚aWS ,m hSb*1b1 obd VZS-dE 4Z*hSbE ,m f\bSb1
d4Z*bnE h1Yd ,*a Y\31b Z*dhSbn S+WSqD ob\ ]\a\O
+S1 ]\Y\31b ,*YD Z1Y Sa]\Wn4\,*Z Y1b\/ \+dh1ZSq
a ]\Y\knp ,\]`\a\, P b*V ,*Y +d/1b W1-h1 `*4\+`*bnO
aq , +S+W1yaVSf dh1ZSqfD SWWS\Zm Wp/1yE V\b\`m1
S4dh*WS S+WSp a\ ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,mE d+1/SWSanE
hb\ ob\ f\`\jSy Y1b\/D m Z*/11YaqE hb\ ,*Y \Z b\O
31 ]\Z`*,SbaqD dabn \- +W*-\aW\,Sb ,*jS ab*`*ZSq
d4Z*bnE h1Yd dhSb S+WSqI
˛•˚ ( "˚
) a\ab\Sb S4 :: VZS- S ]Sa1YD ZS `*4/1W1Zm Z* -W*,m
S abSfSE hb\+m +mW\ W1-h1 Z*ybS Zd3Zmy \b`m,\VD \-/* , Z*O
j1y VZS-1 ]`S,\/qbaq aamWVS Z* +S+W1yaVS1 abSfSE ]1`,*q
gSe`* ]\aW1 Z*4,*ZSq dV*4m,*1b Z* -W*,d VZS-SE * gSe`m ]\aO
W1 /,\1b\hSq P Z* abSfSD *]`SY1`E w6 SY\e1p 7B5:x \4Z*O
h*1bE hb\ ob\b b1Vab Z*f\/Sbaq ,\ ,b\`\Y ]SanY1 SY\e1pE
7Oy -W*,1E 5:OY abSf1D
b\ Y\3Z\ a/1W*bnE hb\+m Z*dhSbnaq ]\Wn4\,*bnaq S+WSO
1yH *f\/Sb1 , a,\1y S+WSS abSfSE V\b\`m1 ,ab`1h*pbaq ,
ob\Y ]\a\+SSD `\Y1 b\-\E ]\ab*`*yb1an hSb*bn S+WSp V*3O
/my /1ZnD ˚aWS hSb*bn ]\ b`S P ]qbn -W*, 131/Z1,Z\E Y\3Z\
]`\hSb*bn ,ap S+WSp 4* -\/D

5
• H
˙˚ Wp+qb 4*/*,*bn ,\]`\amD *]`SY1`E ,m SY \
h1YOb\ `*aaV*4*WSE * \ZS a]`*jS,*pbB w\h1YdHx m
]\ab*`*WSan \+lqaZSbnE Z\ \ZS ,a1`*,Z\a]`*jS,*O
pbB w ]\h1YdHx
6 ˙*31 ,m`*ab*qE Ym Z1 ]1`1ab* 1Y 4*/*,*bn ,\]`\O
amD \]`\am +m,*pb a*Ym1 \+mhZm1B hb\ ]\1abnH b\
Z*/1bnH b\ Vd]SbnH WS +\W11 a1`n14Zm1B \ 3S4ZSE \
b\YE hb\ 3/ 1b Z*a , +d/dk1YD ˚aWS Ym Z1 Z*f\/SY d+1O
/Sb1WnZmf \b,1b\, Z* obS ,*3Zm1 ,\]`\amE h*k1 ,a1O
-\ Ym ,\\+k1 ]1`1ab* 1Y Sf SaV*bnD
7 \31b WS S+WSq \b,1bSbn Z* ,*3Zm1 /Wq Z*a ,\O
]`\amH 1V\b\`m1 /dY*pbE hb\ Y\31bE Z\ \ZS ahSO
b*pb S+WSp aWSjV\Y aW\3Z\y VZS-\yD \ Sf YZ1O
ZSpE \b,1bm Y\-db 4Z*bn b\WnV\ a,qk1ZZSVS SWS b1E
Vb\ ]\WdhSW a]1gS*WnZ\1 \+`*4\,*ZS1D ˙`d-S1 ]`\O
ab\ ab1aZqpbaq a]`*jS,*bnE f\bq b\31 Z1 4Z*pb \bO
,1b\,D hb\ /dY*1b1 ,mH
8 \4Y\3Z\E ,m a]`*jS,*1b1 a1+qB w\h1Yd q 4/1anH
b\ +d/1b a\ YZ\yE V\-/* q dY`dH b\ b*V\y \-Hx 1O
WSVSy dhSb1Wn Sada `Sab\a aV*4*WB w`\/\W3*yb1
]`\aSbn P S ,*Y +d/1b /*Z\E ]`\/\W3*yb1 SaV*bn P
SZ*y/ 1b1E ]`\/\W3*yb1 abdh*bn P S ,*Y \b,\`qbx
5E 6D *VS1 ,\]`\am ,\WZdpb Wp/1yH
7D \h1Yd YZ\-S1 ahSb*pbE hb\ Z*ybS \b,1bm Z* 3S4Z1ZZ\ ,*3Zm1 ,\O
]`\am Z1,\4Y\3Z\H
8E 9D *VS1 ,\]`\am SZb1`1adpb WShZ\ ,*aH \h1Yd ab\Sb SaV*bn Z*
ZSf \b,1bmH

• H =
L*be1q ;B;MD 1 a/*,*yb1anE ]\V* Z1 Z*y/ 1b1 \b,1bmE
V\b\`m1 +m ,*a d+1/SWSI
9 *VS1 \b,1bm 1abn , S+WSSD w`\/\W3*yb1 SaO
V*bnxE S ,m Sf \+q4*b1WnZ\ Z*y/ 1b1 L`SbhS 6B5P9MD
\Zqbn Sf Z1 b`d/Z\D ˛Z*ZSq S4 S+WSS a/1W*pb ,*O
jd 3S4Zn ah*abWS,11 S ]\/*`qb ]`1V`*aZdp Z*/13/d
Z* +d/dk11D a1yh*a /*,*yb1 \+ad/SY ,\]`\aE V\b\O
`my ,\WZd1b YZ\-Sf Wp/1yD
P ˝˚• ()#•H
: Z\-S1 ahSb*pbE hb\ \- Z1 Wp+Sb Wp/1yE ]\b\Yd
hb\E 1aWS +m Wp+SWE YS` +mW +m a\,a1Y /`d-SYD /Z*O
V\ YmE V a\3*W1ZSpE ,S/SY ,\yZmE 31ab\V\abn S -\`1D
p/S +\W1pbE ab`*/*pb S dYS`*pbD \Z1hZ\E ,\4ZSO
V*1b ,\]`\aB w˚aWS \- Z*a Wp+SbE b\ ]\h1Yd \Z Z1
\ab*Z\,Sb ,a1ob\Hx
; p/S /dY*pbE hb\ \- 31ab\VSyE ]\b\Yd hb\ aWmO
j*b ob\ \b a,qk1ZZSV\,D \-/* aWdh*1baq Z1ah*abn1E
a,qk1ZZSVS -\,\`qbE hb\ Z* b\ +mW* ,\Wq \-*E hb\
ob\ \Z b*V 4*f\b1WD \ adbSE \ZS 4*q,WqpbE hb\ ]`ShSO
Z* ab`*/*ZSy P \-D /Z*V\ , S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\
\- Z1 Y\31b +mbn Sab\hZSV\Y 4W*D *V\,* 5B57
aV*4*Z\B w Sa]mb*ZSS ]dabn ZSVb\ Z1 -\,\`SbB t1Zq
Sa]mbm,*1b \-rE ]\b\Yd hb\ \-* Z1,\4Y\3Z\ Sa]mO
b*bn 4W\Y S \Z a*Y ZSV\-\ Z1 Sa]mbm,*1b 4W\YxD 'b\
\4Z*h*1bEhb\Ef\bq\-S/\]daV*1bE hb\+m4W\+mO
W\E a*Y \Z ZSV\-/* 1-\ Z1 /1W*1bD L`\hSb*yb1 \,
78B5>P56DM ˙*,*yb1 `*aaY\b`SY \/SZ ]`SY1`D
:D \h1Yd Z1V\b\`m1 ahSb*pbE hb\ \- Z1 Wp+Sb Wp/1yH
;D *M \h1Yd 1k1 Wp/S ahSb*pb \-* 31ab\VSYH +M \h1Yd Y\3Z\
+mbn d,1`1ZZmYS , b\YE hb\ \- Z1 ]`ShSZq1b ab`*/*ZSqH

5> ˚ )H
< `1/ab*,nb1 a1+1 Y\W\/\-\ h1W\,1V*E V\b\`my
3S, 1b a `\/Sb1WqYSD b1g 1-\ \h1Zn Wp+Sb S ,
a,\ 1 ,`1Yq Z*dhSW 1-\ ]`SZSY*bn ]`*,SWnZm1 `1j1O
ZSqD \ , V*V\yOb\ Y\Y1Zb ob\b Y\W\/\y h1W\,1V `1O
j*1bE hb\ +\Wnj1 Z1 f\h1b aWdj*bnaq \bg*E S df\/Sb
S4 /\Y*D Z Z*hSZ*1b 4*ZSY*bnaq ]W\fSYS /1W*YS S
]\]*/*1b , +1/dD b*Z1b1 WS ,m ,SZSbn , ob\Y \bg*E
,1/n \Z Z1 \ab*Z\,SW amZ*E V\-/* b\b df\/SW S4 /\O
Y*H \Z1hZ\ Z1bI LdVS 59B55P57MD *V 31 S \- Z1 ab*W
\ab*Z*,WS,*bn Wp/1yE V\-/* \ZS `1jSWS +\Wnj1 Z1
aWdj*bnaq 1-\ S ab*WS /1W*bn 4W\D \ob\YdE V\-/* aWdO
h*1baq hb\Ob\ ]W\f\1E ]\YZSb1B \- , ob\Y Z1 ,SZ\,*bD
mW\ +m Z1a]`*,1/WS,\ \+,SZqbn 1-\D
= \-* 1abn ,1aVS1 ]`ShSZmE ]\h1Yd \Z /\ aSf ]\`
/\]daV*1bE hb\+m Z* 41YW1 b,\`SW\an 4W\D 55Oy -W*,1
ob\y VZS-S +d/1b ]\/`\+Z11 `*aaV*4m,*bnaq \+ ob\YD
d/nb1 d,1`1ZmE hb\ \- Z*a Wp+Sb S hb\ \Z Z1 ,SZ\O
,1Z , Z*jSf ]`\+W1Y*fD * a*Y\Y /1W1 \Z 1/SZab,1ZO
ZmyE Vb\ Y\31b Sf `1jSbn La*Sq 77B6MD
5> \- a,qb La*Sq :B7MD a1 1-\ /1W* +14d]`1hZmD
\ob\Yd Ym Y\31Y /\,1`qbn 1YdD \ Wp/S Z1 b*VS1D
\`\y \ZS ]\abd]*pb \h1Zn ]W\f\D ˙*31 a*Ymy f\`\O
jSy ]`*,Sb1Wn Z1 aY\31b dab`*ZSbn ,a1 4W\E V\b\`\1
]`ShSZSWS Wp/SD S d V\-\ S4 Wp/1y Z1b b*V\y aSWmE
V*V*q 1abn d \-*D \WnV\ \Z dab`*ZSb ,a1 ]\aW1/abO
,Sq 4W*E a/1W*ZZ\-\ Wp/nYSE S Z*,a1-/* d/*WSb a*Y\
4W\D L`\hSb*yb1 a*W\Y 7;B=P55DM
D \h1Yd Ym Y\31Y +mbn d,1`1ZmE hb\ \- dab`*ZSb ,a14W\H

• H 55
˚ E ˙) ˙) (˙˚•
55 b\ hd,ab,d1b \-E V\-/* ,S/SbE hb\ ]`\Saf\/Sb
, YS`1H b\ \Z hd,ab,d1bE V\-/* ,S/Sb ,*jS WShZm1
]`\+W1YmH S+WSq dhSbE hb\ \- wWp+Sb a]`*,1/WSO
,\abnx La*W\Y 7;B6

56 ˚ )H
˚E % % ˛&
58 ˚aWS ,m f\bSb1 a V1YOb\ ]\/`d3SbnaqE hb\ ,m
\+mhZ\ /1W*1b1 , a*Y\Y Z*h*W1H *4m,*1b1 a,\ 1SYqD
1abn WS SYq d \-*H \ YZ\-Sf `1WS-Sqf 1-\ Z*4m,*O
pb ]`\ab\ w\-x SWS w\a]\/nxE Z\ ob\ Z1 SY1Z*D
'b\ aW\,*E \]Sam,*pkS1 hn1Ob\ ]\W\31ZS1E b*VS1 31
V*V wg*`nx SWS w]`14S/1ZbxD \- aV*4*WE hb\ 1-\ SYq P
w1-\,*xD 'b\ SYq ,ab`1h*1baq , S+WSS bmaqhS `*4D
a*WY1

S+WSq dhSbE hb\ 1-\,* P ,\`1g
a1W1ZZ\yD Z a\4/*W ,a 1aWp+\,np
5: bV`\,1ZSS 59B7 -\,\`SbaqB w1WSVS S h ‹ d/O
Zm b,\S /1W*E 1-\,* \-E a1Y\-dkSyD `*,1/Zm
S SabSZZm b,\S ]dbSE *`n ,1hZ\abSxD b\ \4Z*h*O
1b bSbdW wa1Y\-dkSyxH b\ ,\ a1W1ZZ\y Z1b ZSV\O
-\ aSWnZ11E h1Y 1-\,*D hb\ \4Z*h*1b w*`n ,1hZ\O
abSxH b\ d 1-\,m Z1b ZS Z*h*W*E ZS V\Zg* P \Z +mW
,a1-/*D a*WY1 =>B6 -\,\`SbaqE hb\ \Z P \- w\b ,1V*
5:E 5;D b\ \4Z*h*pb bSbdWmB *M wa1Y\-dkSyxH +M w*`n ,1hZ\abSxH
,M w,\`1gxH

58 ˚ )H
S /\ ,1V*xE SWSE /`d-SYS aW\,*YSE hb\ \Z ,1h1ZD 'b*
YmaWn ]`S,\/Sb , b`1]1bI
5; \WnV\ 1-\,d Y\3Z\ Z*4,*bn ,\`g\YD bV`\O
,1ZSS 8B55 Ym hSb*1YB w˙\ab\SZ bmE 1-\,*E Z*j \-E
]`SZqbn aW*,dE h1abn S aSWdE ]\b\Yd hb\ bm a\b,\`SW
,a1S,a 1 ]\ b,\1y ,\W1 adk1ab,d1b S a\b,\`1Z\xD ZO
-1Wm Z* Z1+1E 4, 14/m S ]W*Z1bmE /1`1,nq S g,1bmE `mO
+m S ]bSgm P ,a1 ob\ a\4/*W 1-\,*D
˛˝ & ˙ H
5< 1V\b\`m1E d4Z*, \ ]`1,\af\/Zmf V*h1ab,*f \O
-*E Y\-db aV*4*bnB w\- b*V\y aSWnZmyE ,1WSVSy S \Z
5

• H 59
b*V /*W1V\D ˚Yd Z1b /\ Y1Zq /1W*xD ZS +\qbaq /*31
]\/dY*bnE hb\ a \-\Y Y\3Z\ `*4,S,*bn \bZ\j1ZSqD
\ f\h1b WS \-E hb\+m Wp/S +\qWSan /`d3Sbn a ZSYH
1bD *\+\`\bE 1-\,* f\h1b +mbn `q/\YD S+WSq -\O
,\`SbE hb\ \- wZ1 /*W1V\ \b V*3/\-\ S4 Z*ax L˙1qO
ZSq 5;B6;MD \- f\h1bE hb\+m ,m ]`S+WS4SWSan V Z1YdD
a,\p\h1`1/nE\Z\+1k*1bEhb\w]`S+WS4SbaqV,*Yx
L*V\,* 8BP66D *M *V Y\3Z\ /`d3Sbn a \-\YE 1aWS 1-\ Z1Wn4q d,S/1bnH
+M b\ /1W*bnE 1aWS Vb\Ob\ Z*hSZ*1b \b-\,*`S,*bn ,*a \b S4dh1ZSq
S+WSSH

5: ˚ )H
d4Z*,*bnE b1Y aSWnZ11 +d/1b1 Wp+SbnE S a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y
ab*Z1b1 1-\ /`d-\YD
65 m ]\yY1b1E ]\h1Yd 1-\,d Y\3Z\ Z*4,*bn bO
g\Y L*be1q :B=MD Z Z1 b\WnV\ ]\/*`SW Z*Y 3S4ZnE Z\
S f\b1WE hb\+m \Z* +mW* ah*abWS,\yD *4,1 Z1 ob\-\
31W*1b Wp+\y Wp+qkSy \b1g /Wq a,\Sf /1b1yH La*O
W\Y 7:B=MD b*VE S+WSq dhSbE hb\ ab*bn /`d-\Y \O
-* ,\4Y\3Z\ L*V\,* 6B67MD \WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nb1B 1-\O
,*E ,\`1g a1W1ZZ\yE f\h1bE hb\+m ,m +mWS 1-\ /`dO
-\YI
66 1V\b\`m1 Wp/S Y\-db Z*h*bn \b-\,*`S,*bn ,*a
\b S4dh1ZSq S+WSSD \4Y\3Z\E \ZS +\qbaqE hb\ ,m
dy/ 1b1 S4 a,\1y `1WS-SSD \ Z1 ]\4,\Wqyb1 SY ]\Y1O
j*bn ,*Y ab*bn /`d-\Y 1-\,mD 1/n b*V ,m Y\31b1
]\b1`qbn a*Y\-\ Wdhj1-\ /`d-*E V\b\`my b\WnV\ Y\O
31b +mbnD
67 \ ,`1Yq S4dh1ZSq S+WSS ,*Y hb\Ob\ Y\31b
]\V*4*bnaq Z1]\ZqbZmYD b\+m `*4\+`*bnaqE ]`\aSO
b1 \ ]\Y\kS S 4*/*,*yb1 ,\]`\amD Sada -\,\`SWE hb\
Zd3Z\ +mbn V*V /1bSE b\ 1abn b*VSYS 31 aYS`1ZZmO
YS L*be1q 5

• H
wm a\b,\`SW ,a 1x LbV`\,1ZS1 8B55MD
b\ , S+WSS -\,\`Sbaq \ \-1H
bV`\,1ZS1 59B7
\- P a1Y\-dkSyD 'b\ a*Y*q
Y\-dk1ab,1ZZ*q WShZ\abn ,\
a1W1ZZ\yD
a*W\Y =>B6
Z1-\ Z1b ZS Z*h*W*E ZS V\ZO
g* P \Z +mW ,a1-/*D
*be1q :B=
\- P Z*j b1gD
Z f\h1bE hb\+m Ym +mWS
ah*abWS,mD
˙1qZSq 5;B6;
\- f\h1b +mbn `q/\Y a ,*YSD
˚&)
w1-\,*DDD 'b\ Y\ 1SYqZ*,1V*xLaf\/ 7B59MD
\h1Yd \- f\h1bE hb\+m Ym 4Z*WS 1-\ SYqH
a*W\Y

5<
˚ (
w\- 1abn Wp+\,nx L5 \*ZZ* 8B

6
) P
˚˙&˚E hb\ ,*j /`d- /*`Sb ,*Y ]\/*`\VD \O
Z1hZ\E,*YZ1b1`]Sbaq]\aV\`11\bV`mbn1-\D*Y
\h1Zn ]`SqbZ\E ,1/n ,*j /`d- ]\/dY*W \ ,*aD
6 S+WSq P ob\ ]\/*`\V \b \-*D Z1y Z*]Sa*Z\ b\E
\h1Y +\Wnj1 ZS-/1 Z1 ]`\hSb*1jnD *]`SY1`E , Z1y
`*aaV*4m,*1baqE V*V \- a\b,\`SW Z1+\E 41YWp S WpO
/1yD *V31 , Z1y a\/1`3*baq a\,1bmE V\b\`m1 Y\-db
]\Y\hn Z*Y , `1j1ZSS ]`\+W1YD `\Y1 b\-\E S4 Z11
Ym d4Z* 1YE hb\ \-E V*V S \+1k*WE a/1W*1b 41YWp `*O
1YD S+WSp S , a*Y\Y /1W1 Y\3Z\ ahSb*bn ]`1V`*aO
ZmY ]\/*`V\YI
7 4dh*q S+WSpE ,m d4Z*1b1E hb\ \- f\h1b /`dO
3Sbn WShZ\ a ,*YSD ˛Z*V\Yqan a ZSY ,a1 Wdhj1 S WdhO
j1E ,m ab*Z1b1 +WS4VSYS /`d4nqYSD
8 S+WSq ]1`1,1/1Z* ]`SY1`Z\ Z* 6 > q4mV\,D
\ ,a1Y YS`1 Z*]1h*b*Zm YSWWS*`/m oV41Y]Wq`\,
ob\y VZS-SD Sb*bn S+WSp Z* `\/Z\Y q4mV1 Y\-db
+\W11 => ]`\g1Zb\, Wp/1yE 3S,dkSf Z* 41YW1D *3O
/dp Z1/1Wp S+WSq ]\q,Wq1baq +\W11 h1Y d YSWO
WS\Z* h1W\,1VD ˙1yab,Sb1WnZ\E /`d-\y b*V\y VZS-S
Z1bI
9 S+WSq P VZS-* \b \-*E \Z* ,/\fZ\,W1Z* \-\YD
5E 6D \h1Yd S+WSp Y\3Z\ Z*4,*bn ]`1V`*aZmY ]\/*`V\YH
7D b\ ,m d4Z*1b1E S4dh*q S+WSpH
8D *aV\WnV\ `*a]`\ab`*Z1Z* S+WSqH
9D \h1Yd Y\3Z\ aV*4*bnE hb\ S+WSq ,/\fZ\,W1Z* \-\YH

6> ˚ )H
w,qk1ZZ\1 Sa*ZS1 P 1`1,\/ Z\,\-\ YS`*x
S4/*Z\ Z* YZ\-Sf q4mV*f
L`\hSb*yb1 6 SY\e1p 7B5:DM \ Z1V\b\`m1 Y\-db
aV*4*bnB w*V S+WSq Y\31b +mbn VZS-\y \b \-*E 1aO
WS 1 1 ]Sa*WS Wp/SHx b,1b 1abn , a*Y\y S+WSSB
wp/S -\,\`SWS \b \-*E /,S3SYm1 a,qbmY /df\Yx
L6 1b`* 5B65MD `S,1/ 1Y ]`SY1`D *h*WnZSV ]\`dh*1b
a1V`1b*`p Z*]Sa*bn ]SanY\ \b 1-\ SY1ZSD b\ +d/1b
q,Wqbnaq *,b\`\Y ]SanY*H \Z1hZ\E Z*h*WnZSVE * Z1
a1V`1b*`nD \hZ\ b*V 31 S a S+WS1yB 1 1*,b\`P\-E
* Z1 Wp/SE V\b\`m1 ]`\ab\ 4*]Sa*WS 1-\ YmaWSD *V
V*V S+WSq ]Sa*W*an ]\/ `dV\,\/ab,\Y \-*E 1 1E +14
a\YZ1ZSqE Y\3Z\ ahSb*bn waW\,\Y \-*x L5 1aa*W\O
ZSVSyg*Y 6B57C aY\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 6MD

) P 65
˝ ˙˚)&
: S+WSp ]Sa*WS +\W11 5 :>> W1bD 1E Vb\ 114*]SO
am,*WE 3SWS , `*4Z\1 ,`1YqD 1V\b\`m1 S4 ZSf +mO
WS \+`*4\,*ZZmYSB Z*]`SY1`E \/SZ S4 ]Sa*,jSf +mW
,`*h\YD b\Ob\ +mW 41YW1/1Wng1YE `m+*V\Y SWS ]*O
abdf\YD `1/S ZSf +mWS ]`\`\VSE ad/nS S /*31 g*`SD
\bq S+WSp ]Sa*WS `*4Zm1 Wp/SE , Z1y Z1b ]`\bSO
,\`1hSyD ˚
1\+l1/SZq1b\/Z*\+k*qb1Y*D
; ]1`,mf -W*,*f S+WSS `*aaV*4m,*1baq \ b\YE a
h1-\ Z*h*WSan ,a1 ]`\+W1Ym Wp/1yE * , ]\aW1/ZSf P
\ b\YE V*V \- Sf `1jSb S V*V ]`1,`*bSb 41YWp , `*yD
Z1y 4*]Sa*Z* Sab\`Sq h1W\,1h1ab,*E \f,*bm,*pO
k*q Z1 \/Zd bmaqhd W1bD *V31 S4 Z11 Y\3Z\ d4Z*bnE
hb\ \- ,a1-/* Sa]\WZq1b a,\S \+1k*ZSqD
< \bq S+WSq P ob\ Z1 Z*dhZmy b`d/ S Z1 jV\WnO
Zmy dh1+ZSVE V\-/* \Z* -\,\`Sb \ h1YOb\E hb\ a,q4*Z\
a Z*dV\yE \Z* ,a1-/* b\hZ*D *V `*4 ob\-\ Ym \3S/*1Y
\b VZS-SE *,b\`\Y V\b\`\y q,Wq1baq \-D *]`SY1`E
+W*-\/*`q dV*4*ZSqYE 4*]Sa*ZZmY , VZS-1 1,SbE S4O
`*SWnbqZ1 Y\-WS ]`1/\b,`*bSbn `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZS1
+\W14Z1yD 'bS dV*4*ZSq +mWS 4*]Sa*Zm 4*/\W-\ /\
b\-\E V*V Wp/S d4Z*WSE hb\ +\W14ZS Y\-db ,m4m,*bnO
aq +*Vb1`SqYS S ,S`da*YSD *V31 , S+WSS ]`*,SWnO
Z\ \]Sam,*1baq ]\W\31ZS1 41YWS , ]`\ab`*Zab,1 P
, Z1y aV*4*Z\E hb\ 41YWq ,SaSb ZS Z* h1Y L\, 6:B;MD
1V\b\`m1 Wp/S -\,\`qbE hb\ , S+WSS 1abn ]`\bS,\`1hSqE
Z\ ob\ Z1 b*VD Y\b`Sb1 ;Op -W*,d VZS-S wS+WSqB aW\,\ \-* SWS
h1W\,1V*HxE S4/*ZZ\y ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,mD
:E ;D b\ Y\3Z\ aV*4*bn \ a\/1`3*ZSS S+WSSH

66 ˚ )H
1k1B /*31 b\-/*E V\-/* +\WnjSZab,\ Wp/1y ,1`SW\E
hb\ 41YWq ]W\aV*qE S+WSq -\,\`SW*E hb\ \Z* V`d-W*q
La*Sq 8>B66MD
= \-/* S+WSq -\,\`Sb \ V*VSfOb\ Sab\`Sh1aVSf
a\+mbSqfE \Z* \]Sam,*1b Sf \h1Zn b\hZ\D *]`\O
bS,E YZ\-S1 VZS-S ]\ Sab\`SS Z1 -\,\`qb ,a1y ]`*,O
/mE ]\b\Yd hb\ Z1 ,a1 Sf *,b\`m h1abZmD *V ]`*,SO
W\E Sab\`SVS dY*WhS,*pb \ ]\`*31ZSSE 1aWS , ,\yO
Z1 ]`\S-`m,*1b Sf Z*`\/D \ b1E Vb\ ]Sa*W S+WSpE
Z1 aV`m,*WSE hb\ 4`*SWn ]`\S-`m,*W , ,\yZ*fD \O
W11 b\-\E \ZS h1abZ\ `*aaV*4m,*WS /*31 \ a,\Sf a\+O
ab,1ZZmf \jS+V*fD *]`SY1`E \Sa1y ]`S4Z*Waq ,
b\YE hb\ a\,1`jSW a1`n14Zdp \jS+VdE S `*aaV*4*WE
V*V \- Z*V*4*W 1-\ 4* ob\D + ob\Y Y\3Z\ ]`\hSO
b*bn , VZS-1 SaW* LSaW* 6>B6P56MD 1abZ\abn ]Sa*O
b1W1y S+WSS ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ 11 Z*]Sa*ZS1Y `dV\,\O
/SW \-D 4Z*hSbE Ym Y\31Y 1y /\,1`qbnD
) P ˙% ˚
5> a1 Sa*ZS1E SWS S+WSqE w,/\fZ\,W1Z\ \-\Y S
]\W14Z\ /Wq \+dh1ZSqE /Wq \+WSh1ZSqE /Wq Sa]`*,W1O
ZSqE /Wq Z*ab*,W1ZSqx L6 SY\e1p 7B5:MD \h1Yd a\,1O
bm S4 S+WSS Y\-db Z*Y ]\Y\hnH 1-\,* ]\ZSY*1b
Z*jS YmaWS S hd,ab,*E ,1/n \Z Z*a a\4/*WD Z 4Z*O
1b Z*a Wdhj1E h1Y Ym a*YSE S f\h1bE hb\+m Ym +mWS
ah*abWS,mD Z 4Z*1bE hb\ /Wq Z*a ]\W14Z\E * hb\ Z1bD
55 ˚,*Z-1WSS \b *be1qE -W*,*f a 9Oy ]\ ;OpE 4*]SO
=D h1Y -\,\`Sb h1abZ\abn ]Sa*b1W1y S+WSSH
5>D \h1Yd a\,1bm S4 S+WSS Y\-db Z*Y ]\Y\hnH
55E 56D *M *VS1 a\,1bm 4*]Sa*Zm , ˚,*Z-1WSS \b *be1qE -W*,*f a
9Oy ]\ ;OpH +M b\ 1k1 Y\3Z\ d4Z*bn S4 S+WSSH

) P 67
a*Zm Yd/`m1 a\,1bm Sada*B \ b\YE V*V ab*bn ah*abO
WS,mYE V*V a\f`*Zqbn a /`d-SYS f\`\jS1 \bZ\j1O
ZSqE V*V Y\WSbnaqE V*V \bZ\aSbnaq V /1Zn-*YD \bq
obS a\,1bm +mWS 4*]Sa*Zm \V\W\ 6 >>> W1b Z*4*/E \ZS
,a1 b*V 31 /1yab,1ZZmD
56 S+WSS b*V31 a\/1`3*baq ]`SZgS]mD Sf ]\O
Y\knp 1-\,* dhSb Z*a 3Sbn , YS`1 a /`d-SYS Wp/nO
YSE da1`/Z\ b`d/Sbnaq S dV`1]Wqbn a1Y1yZm1 d4mD
`SZgS]m S4 S+WSS Y\-db ]\Y\hn Wp+\Yd S4 Z*aE
Z14*,SaSY\ \b b\-\E Vb\ YmE -/1 Ym 3S, 1Y S a V*VSO
YS b`d/Z\abqYS ab*WVS,*1YaqD L`\hSb*yb1 a*SS
8> W1b ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V +mW\ 4*]Sa*Z\ ]`\O
`\h1ab,\ \ *,SW\Z1E V ab1Z*Y ob\-\ -\`\/* ]\/abdO
]SW* ,`*31aV*q *`YSqD b\ 31 11 ,\4-W*,WqWH *V S
]`1/aV*4*W a*SqE ob\ +mW ]1`aS/aVSy g*`n S`D aO
]\WZSWSan WS \ab*WnZm1 ]\/`\+Z\abS ]`\`\h1ab,*H
57D b\ ]`1/aV*4*W ]`\`\V a*Sq \ *,SW\Z1H
58E 59D *V Sa]\WZSW\an ]`\`\h1ab,\ a*SSH

`\`\V a*Sq
4*]Sa*W , S+WSSE
hb\ *,SW\Z +d/1b
`*4`dj1Z
59 bd Z\hn ,*,SW\ZqZ1 dab`\SWS ]S`D ZS hd,O
ab,\,*WS a1+q , +14\]*aZ\abSE ,1/n Sf -\`\/ 4*kSO
k*WS Y\kZm1 ab1Zm S `1V*D 1Y ,`1Y1Z1Y 4* ab1Z*YS
-\`\/* S` a\ a,\1y *`YS1yE ,mV\]*, V*Z*WE \b, 1W
`1Vd , /`d-\1 Y1ab\D `\,1Zn ,\/m , `1V1 ]\ZS4SWaqE
S ]1`aS/aVS1 ,\SZm aY\-WS ]`\ybS 1 1]\/ZdD\V*V
31 ,\ybS , -\`\/H *V S a\\+k*W\an , ]`\`\h1ab,1E

) P 69
-\`\/aVS1 ,\`\b* \V*4*WSan \bV`mbmYSE b*V hb\ S`
4*f,*bSW *,SW\Z +14 +\qD
5: \W11 b\-\E a*Sq ]`1/aV*4*WE hb\ *,SW\Z ZSO
V\-/* Z1 +d/1b 4*a1W1ZD Z Z*]Sa*WB w Z1Y d31
ZSV\-/* ZSVb\ Z1 ]\a1WSbaqx La*Sq 57B6>MD a]\WZSO
W\an WS ob\ ]`\`\h1ab,\H ˙*D * b\Y Y1ab1E -/1 V\-/*O
b\ +mW *,SW\Z L, VSW\Y1b`*f V p-d \b *-/*/*E
`*VME /\ aSf ]\` \ab*pbaq \/ZS `dSZmD *Y ZSVb\
Z1 3S, 1bD 1-\,* \+lq,SW h1`14 a*SpB wmY1bd 1-\
*,SW\Z Y1bW\y Sab`1+W1ZSqx La*Sq 58B66E 67MD
5; Z\-S1 +S+W1yaVS1 ]`\`\h1ab,* d31 Sa]\WZSO
WSanD 4Z*hSbE Sa]\WZSbaq S b\E hb\ S+WSq -\,\`Sb
\ +d/dk1YD m Z1 a\YZ1,*1YaqE hb\ 1-\,* Sa]\WZSb
\Wnj1 SZe\`Y*gSS \ +S+W1yaVSf ]`\`\h1ab,*f Y\3Z\ Z*yO
bS , +`\jp`1 wZS-* /Wq ,a1fxE ab`*ZSgm 6;P6=D 4/*Z* ,S/1O
b1WqYS 1-\,mD
5:D *M b\ 1k1 ]`1/aV*4*W a*Sq \ *,SW\Z1H +M bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE
hb\ ob\ ]`\`\h1ab,\ Sa]\WZSW\anH
5;D \h1Yd Y\3Z\ /\,1`qbn \3nSY \+1k*ZSqYH
*4,*WSZm *,SW\Z*

6: ˚ )H
a,\ 1\+1k*ZS1S41YWqab*Z1b`*1YDL`\hSb*yb1
SaW* 67B5=DM Z*a 1abn b, 1`/*q Z*/13/* wZ* ,1hZdp
3S4ZnE bdE hb\ ]`13/1 /*,ZSf ,`1Y 1Z \+1k*W \-E Z1
Y\-dkSy W-*bnx LSbd 5B6MD
) ˝˚ ˛˚& " ˝˛&
5< b*VE Ym d4Z*WSE h1Y S+WSq \bWSh*1baq \b WpO
+\y /`d-\y VZS-SD Z1y Z1b ]`\bS,\`1hSyD \-/* \Z*
-\,\`Sb \ h1YOb\E hb\ a,q4*Z\ a Z*dV\y SWS Sab\`S1yE
\Z*,a1-/*b\hZ*Dmd4Z*WSEhb\ob\VZS-*Yd/`mf
a\,1b\, S hb\ , Z1y 4*]Sa*Zm ]`\`\h1ab,*E YZ\-S1 S4
V\b\`mf d31 Sa]\WZSWSanD \ ob\ 1k1Z1,a 1D ]\O
ab\W*,1WaV*4*WEhb\waW\,\\-*3S,\S/1yab,1ZO
Z\xD b\ ob\ \4Z*h*1bH L`\hSb*yb1 ˚,`1qY 8B56DM
5= S+WSq Y\31b S4Y1ZSbn ,*jd 3S4ZnD Z* ]\Y\O
-*1b `*4\+`*bnaq , a*Y\Y a1+1D Sb*q 11E Ym Wdhj1
]\ZSY*1Y a,\S YmaWS S hd,ab,*D *]`SY1`E Z*Y Y\O
31bV*4*bnaqEhb\YmWp+SY\-*EZ\Z*a*Y\Y/1W1
Wp+Sbn 1-\ P \4Z*h*1b 3Sbn b*VE V*V dhSb S+WSqD
6> S+WSp ]\ ]`*,d Y\3Z\ Z*4,*bn VZS-\y \b \-*D
\- f\h1bE hb\+m Ym hSb*WSE S4dh*WS S Wp+SWS
obd VZS-dD b*`*qan SaaW1/\,*bn 11E Ym ]\V*31YE hb\
+W*-\/*`Zm \-d 4* ob\b ]\/*`\VD S+WSS 4*]Sa*O
Z\E hb \ ‹ \- f\h1b a/1W*bn /Wq Wp/1y , +d/dk1YD aW1O
/dpk1y -W*,1 Ym ]\-\,\`SY \+ ob\Y ]\/`\+Z11D
`\`\h1ab,\ \ `*4`dj1ZSS *,SW\Z* P WSjn \/Z\ S4 Sa]\WO
ZS,jSfaq +S+W1yaVSf ]`\`\h1ab,D `\`\h1ab,* \+ Sada1 `SO
ab1 \+ad3/*pbaq , `SW\31ZSS 9D
5D *M *V S+WSq ]\Y\-*1b `*4\+`*bnaq , a*Y\Y a1+1H +M *V
WShZ\ ,m Y\31b1 ]\V*4*bnE hb\ g1ZSb1 ob\b ]\/*`\V \b \-*H

) P
wa 1 Sa*ZS1 ,/\fZ\,W1Z\ \-\Yx L6 SY\e1p 7B5:MD
1YS+WSq\bWSh*1baq\bWp+\y/`d-\yVZS-SH
S+WSq ]1`1,1/1Z* ]`SY1`Z\
Z* 6 > q4mV\,D \ ,a1Y YSO
`1 Z*]1h*b*Zm YSWWS*`/m oVO
41Y]Wq`\, ob\y VZS-SD
Z1y Z*]Sa*Z\ b\E \ h1Y
+\Wnj1ZS-/1Z1]`\hSb*1jnD
5 1aa*W\ZSVSyg*Y 6B57
,b\` S+WSS P \-D
61b`*5B65
\bq S+WSp ]Sa*WS Wp/SE
\ZS4*]Sam,*WS\3nSYmaO
WSE * Z1 a,\SD
) P
˚
\- Z1 Y\31b W-*bn LSbd 5B6MD
\h1Yd S+WSS Y\3Z\ /\,1`qbnH
a*Sq 88B6;P89B6
`\`\h1ab,\ \ 4*f,*b1 *,SO
W\Z* +mW\ 4*]Sa*Z\ , S+WSS
4* a\bZS W1b /\ a,\1-\ Sa]\WO
Z1ZSqD
6SY\e1p7B5P9
S+W1yaVS1 ]`\`\h1ab,*
Sa]\WZqpbaq S , Z*jS /ZSD
SaW* 67B5=
m Y\31Y /\,1`qbn b\YdE hb \
‹
, S+WSS -\,\`Sbaq \ +d/dO
k1YD

6<
) ˝˚
&
w)E 1-\,*EP b,\y \-E V\b\`my dhSb b1+q
]\W14Z\Ydx La*Sq 8B66
S+WSq b\hZ* , Z*dhZmf
,\]`\a*fD
SaW* 6>B6P56
Sa*b1WS S+WSS +mWS
h1abZmYSD
*be1q 9P;
Z1y `*aaV*4m,*1baq \ b\YE
V*V ab*bn ah*abWS,mYE V*V W*O
/Sbn a /`d-SYSE V*V Y\WSbnaq
S V*V \bZ\aSbnaq V /1Zn-*YD
) ˝˚
˛˚& " ˝˛&
wW\,\ \-* 3S,\ S /1yab,1ZZ\x L˚,`1qY 8B56MD
*V W\,\ \-* Y\31b ]\,WSqbn Z* ,*jd 3S4ZnH
ˇ Z\ ]\Y\-*1b ]\Zqbn
4*Yma1W \-*D
ˇ Z\ ]\Y\-*1b `*4\+`*bnaq
,a*Y\Ya1+1D
ˇ Z\ ]\Y\-*1b d,S/1bnE h1-\
\- \3S/*1b SY1ZZ\ \b ,*aD
\- f\h1bE hb\+m ,m hSb*WSE S4dh*WS S Wp+SWS S+WSpD

7
˚ ˙˚&
˙) (˙˚•H
"˚Wp/1yd\-*+mW]`1V`*aZmy4*YmO
a1WD Z a\4/*W ]1`,mf Yd3hSZd S 31ZkSZdE /*Y* S
˚,dE S ]\a1WSW Sf , V`*aS,\Y a*/dD \- f\b1WE hb\+m d
Wp/1y `\3/*WSan /1bSE hb\+m Wp/S a\4/*,*WS `*yO
aVS1 daW\,Sq Z* 41YW1 S 4*+\bSWSan \ 3S,\bZmf LmO
bS15B6

7> ˚ )H
8 \-* 1abn ,`*-D S+WSS \Z Z*4,*Z w˙nq,\W\Y S
*b*Z\yxD /Z*3/m , '/1YaV\Y a*/d *b*Z* 4*-\,\O
`SW a ˚,\y h1`14 4Y1p LbV`\,1ZS1 56B=C mbS1 7B5MD
Z a/1W*W b*VE +d/b\ -\,\`Sb 4Y1qE f\bq Z* a*Y\Y /1O
W1 -\,\`SW \ZD LY\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 ;DM
9 *V ]\q,SWaq *b*Z* ˙nq,\WH \31b +mbnE \Z +mW
a\4/*Z \-\YH 1bI Z*h*W* \Z +mW *Z-1W\YE Z\]\O
b\Y S4Y1ZSWaq , fd/jdp ab\`\Zd S ab*W ˙nq,\W\Y
L\, 7

˚ ˙˚& ˙) (˙˚•H 75
; /*Y S ˚,* ]`\q,SWS Z1]\aWdj*ZS1 \-d S al1WS
4*]`1bZmy ]W\/ LmbS1 6B5;C 7B:MD 1Y a*YmY \ZS a\O
-`1jSWSD 1`14 V*V\1Ob\ ,`1Yq \ZS dY1`WSE V*V S ]`1O
/d]`13/*W 1-\,* LmbS1 7B5;P5=MD ˙1bS /*Y* S ˚,mE
`\/S,jSan -`1jZSV*YSE b\31 dY1`WSD L`\hSb*yO
b1 SYWqZ*Y 9B56DM *aaY\b`SY \/SZ ]`SY1`E V\b\O
`my ]\Y\31b ]\ZqbnE ]\h1Yd /1bS /*Y* S ˚,m `\/SO
WSan -`1jZSV*YSD `1/ab*,nb1 a1+1E hb\ ,m ,m]1V*1O
b1 fW1+ , e\`Y1E Z* V\b\`\y 1abn ,YqbSZ*D \b\,my
fW1+ b\31 +d/1b a ,YqbSZ\yD 1 ]\aWdj*,jSan \-*E
/*Y ab*W -`1jZSV\YD \aV\WnVd Ym ,a1 ]`\Saf\/SY
\b /*Y*E Ym `\3/*1Yaq a b*V\y 31 w,YqbSZ\yxE b\
1abn -`1jZmYSD \b ]\h1Yd Ym ,a1 ab*`11Y S dYS`*O
1Y LSYWqZ*Y 7B67C aY\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 =MD
< \/b\WVZd, /*Y* S ˚,d V Z1]\aWdj*ZSpE *b*Z*E
]\ adbSE ]\/ZqW Yqb13 ]`\bS, 1-\,mD Z f\b1WE hb\O
+m /*Y a ˚,\y ]\,1`SWSE hb\ 1-\,* W31g S ]W\f\y
]`*,Sb1WnE hb\ \Z WSj*1b Sf ah*abnqD *b*Z* 4*q,SWE
hb\Wp/S\+\y/dbaqS+14\-*Ehb\\ZSa*YSY\-db
`1j*bnE hb\ /\+`\E * hb\ 4W\D *V 31 /\W31Z +mW \bO
`1*-S`\,*bn 1-\,*H Z Y\- +m ]`\ab\ dZShb\3Sbn
Yqb13ZSV\, S b1Y a*YmY ]`1V`*bSbn Yqb13D \ /\V*O
4*W\ +m ob\E hb\ *b*Z* W31gH 1bD
= 1-\,* Z1 ab*W dZShb\3*bn Yqb13ZSV\, a`*4dD
Y1ab\ ob\-\ \Z /*W Wp/qY ,`1YqE hb\+m \ZS ]\O
]`\+\,*WS ]`*,Sbn a\+\y a*Y\ab\qb1WnZ\D \ ,`1Y1O
Z1Y ,a1Y ab*W\ +m qaZ\E hb\ Wp/S Y\-db +mbn ah*abO
WS,mYS b\WnV\ ]\/ ]`*,W1ZS1Y \-*E S hb\ *b*Z* P
;D *M \h1Yd /*Y S ˚,* dY1`WSH +M \h1Yd Ym ab*`11Y S dYS`*1YH

76 ˚ )H
W31gD \W11 ]\/`\+Z\ \+ ob\Y +d/1b `*aaV*4m,*bnO
aq , 55Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZS-SD *V ]\O,*j1YdE ]`*,SWnZ\
WS]\abd]SWS/*Ya˚,\yHmW\WSdZSf\aZ\,*ZS1
Z1 ]\aWdj*bnaq \-* S ]\,1`Sbn *b*Z1H 1-\,* /*W
/*Yd S ˚,1 ,a1Ehb\SY+mW\Zd3Z\DZ]\/*`SWSY
3S4Zn , ]`1V`*aZmf daW\,Sqf S ,\4Y\3Z\abn 4*ZSO
˚aWS +m *b*Z1 Z1 ]`SZ*/W13*WS
,a1 g*`ab,*E `*4,1 \Z Y\- +m
]`1/W\3Sbn Sf SadadH

˚ ˙˚& ˙) (˙˚•H 77
Y*bnaq SZb1`1aZ\y `*+\b\yD *b*Z* Z1 /*W SY ZSh1O
-\D ˚aWS +m Z* Sf Y1ab1 +mWS ,mE b\ V*V\y ,m+\` ,m +m
a/1W*WSH
5> 1-\/Zq V*3/my S4 Z*a ab\Sb ]1`1/ b*VSY ,m+\O
`\YD b b\-\E hb \ ‹ Ym ,m+1`1YE 4*,SaSb Z*j* 3S4ZnD
m Y\31Y `1jSbn ]\/hSZqbnaq \-d V*V ]`*,Sb1Wp S
b*VSY \+`*4\Y /\V*4*bnE hb\ *b*Z* P W31gD WS ,mO
+`*bn a,\SY ]`*,Sb1W1Y *b*Zd La*W\Y ;7B6D 1`1/ V*VSY ,m+\`\Y ab\Sb V*3/my S4 Z*aH
55E 56D *M h1Y -\,\`Sb b\b e*VbE hb\ *b*Z* ]`1/W*-*W Sadad ,a1
g*`ab,* YS`*H +M *V S+WSq ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ YS`\Y ]`*,Sb *b*Z*H

78 ˚ )H
% ˙˚ ˝˚H
57 V*3/mY/Z1Y YS` ab*Z\,Sbaq ,a1fd31SfdO
31D \yZm S Z*aSWS1E Z1h1abZ\abn S WSg1Y1`S1 /1W*O
pb Z*jd 3S4Zn bq31W\yD p/S Z1 , aSW*f `1jSbn ,a1
obS ]`\+W1YmE V*V +m ZS ab*`*WSanD \ a\,a1Y aV\`\
\- dZShb\3Sb ob\b 4W\y YS` , ,\yZ1 `Y*-1//\Z S
,Y1ab\ Z1-\ a\4/*ab Z\,myE ]`*,1/Zmy YS` LbV`\,1O
ZS15:B58P5:CaY\b`Sb1`SW\31ZS15>MD
58 1-\,* `1jSWE hb\ *`1Y 1-\ *`ab,*E SWS Z1+1aO
Z\-\ ]`*,Sb1Wnab,*E +d/1b Sada `Sab\aD 1aV\WnV\
bmaqh W1b Z*4*/ , S+WSS +mW\ ]`1/aV*4*Z\E hb\ SO
ada +d/1b wZq41Y YS`*x S hb\ 1-\ ]`*,W1ZS1 +d/1b
,1hZmY La*Sq =B:E ;MD Y1ZZ\ ob\ ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ SO
ada SY1W , ,S/dE V\-/* dhSW a,\Sf dh1ZSV\, Y\WSbnaqB
wdabn ]`S/ 1b b,\ 1 g*`ab,\D dabn b,\q ,\Wq +d/1b S
Z* 41YW1E V*V Z* Z1+1x L*be1q :B5>MD 4

˚ ˙˚& ˙) (˙˚•H 79
/qYE V\b\`m1 aWdj*pbaq \-* S V\b\`mf \- +W*-\O
aW\,Wq1bD
5: Sada ]\\+1k*WE hb\ b1E Vb\ +d/db 3Sbn , Z\,\Y
YS`1E ]\Wdh*b w,1hZdp 3S4Znx L*`V* 5>B7>MD b\ Z*Y
aW1/d1b /1W*bnE hb\+m ]\WdhSbn ob\b ]\/*`\VH b,1b
Z*f\/Sbaq , S+WSSD `\hSb*yb1E ]\3*Wdyab*E \*ZO
Z* 7B5: S 5;B7D b1]1`n /*,*yb1 \+ad/SYE V*V S+WSq
\]Sam,*1b 3S4Zn , +d/dk1Y 41YZ\Y `*pD
5; 1 +d/1b 4W*E ,\yZE ]`1abd]Z\abS S Z*aSO
WSqD *41YW1+\Wnj1Z1+d/1b4WmfWp/1yLa*W\Y
7;B5>E 55MD \- ]`1V`*bSb w,\yZm /\ V`*q 41YWSx La*O
W\Y 8:B=C a*Sq 6B8MD \,ap/d +d/db 3Sbn Wp/SE V\b\O
`m1Wp+qb\-*SaWdj*pbaq1-\D*41YW1,a1-/*+dO
/1b YS` La*W\Y ;6B;MD
5< Wd3Sb1WS 1-\,m +d/db hd,ab,\,*bn a1+q
, ]\WZ\y +14\]*aZ\abSD +S+W1yaVS1 ,`1Y1Z* V\-O
/* S4`*SWnbqZ1 aWdj*WSan \-*E \ZS 3SWS , +14\]*aO
Z\abSE ]\b\Yd hb\ \- Sf 4*kSk*W L1,Sb 69B5

7: ˚ )H
V`*aS,my /\Y S a*/D L`\hSb*yb1 a*SS :9B65P68C
bV`\,1ZS1 55B5

˚ ˙˚&
˙) (˙˚•H
w`*,1/Zm1 Z*aW1/dpb 41YWp S +d/db 3Sbn Z*
Z1y ,1hZ\x La*W\Y 7;B6=MD
˙Wq h1-\ \- a\4/*W Wp/1yH
mbS1 5B6<
\- f\b1WE hb\+m Wp/S `\3/*O
WS /1b1yE a\4/*,*WS `*yaVS1
daW\,Sq Z* 41YW1 S 4*+\bSO
WSan \ 3S,\bZmfD
a*Sq 8:B=P55C 99B55
\- \+q4*b1WnZ\ a/1W*1b b\E
hb\ 4*/dY*WC 1-\ ZShb\
Z1 \ab*Z\,SbD
˚ ˚ &
˚H
w1an YS` W13Sb ,\ ,W*abS ˛W\-\x L5 \*ZZ* 9B5=MD
b\ ]`*,Sb YS`\YH
\*ZZ* 56B75
Sada aV*4*WE hb\ ]`*,Sb1Wn
ob\-\ YS`* P *b*Z*D
*V\,* 5B57P59
*b*Z* 4*f\b1W SY1bn b\E hb\
1Yd Z1 ]`SZ*/W13*W\D
mbS1 6B5;C 7B5P:
*b*Z* \+Y*ZdW ˚,dD /*Y
S ˚,* Z1 ]\aWdj*WSan \-* S
h1`14 V*V\1Ob\ ,`1Yq dY1`WSD
SYWqZ*Y 7B67C 9B56
p/S dYS`*pbE ]\b\Yd hb\ SY
]1`1/*Waq -`1f \b /*Y*D
6\`SZeqZ*Y8B7E8
*b*Z* \+Y*Zm,*1b Wp/1yD

7=
˚"
˚ ˚%
wdabn ]`S/ 1b b,\ 1 g*`ab,\D dabn b,\q ,\Wq
+d/1b S Z* 41YW1x L*be1q :B5>MD
b\ a/1W*1b 1-\,*H
˙*ZSSW 6B88
`*,Sb1Wnab,\ \-* 4*Y1ZSb
a\+\y ,a1 YS`\,m1 ]`*,SO
b1Wnab,*D
bV`\,1ZS1 5:B58P5:
\- dZShb\3Sb 4W\y YS`
, ,\yZ1 `Y*-1//\ZD
a*Sq =B:E ;
1-\,* `1jSWE hb\ *`1Y 1-\
Z1+1aZ\-\ ]`*,Sb1Wnab,* +dO
/1b Sada `Sab\aD Z +d/1b
]`*,Sbn 41YW1yD
˙ ˚˚
˛˚) ˚ ˚
wm \bV`m,*1jn a,\p `dVd S d/\,W1b,\`q1jn
31W*ZS1 V*3/\-\ 3S,\-\ adk1ab,*x
La*W\Y 589B5:MD
b\ *`ab,\ \-* a/1W*1b /Wq Z*aH
a*W\Y 8:B=
Z\,\Y YS`1 Z1 +d/1b ,\yZE
]`1abd]Z\abS S Z*aSWSqD
a*Sq 76B5

8
•
H
˚ YZ\-\ 4Z*Y1ZSbmf Wp/1yD 1V\b\`mf ,mE
,\4Y\3Z\E 4Z*1b1 ]\ SY1ZSD \ Y\3Z\ WS aV*4*bnE
hb\ ,m a ZSYS +WS4V\ 4Z*V\YmE 1aWS ,*Y ]\hbS ZSO
h1-\ Z1 S4,1abZ\ \+ Sf 3S4ZS S \ b\YE hb\ ob\ 4*
Wp/SH
6 \31b +mbnE ,m hb\Ob\ aWmj*WS S \+ Sada1 `SO
ab1E f\bq \Z 3SW \V\W\ 6 >>> W1b Z*4*/D \WnjSZab,\
Wp/1y Z1 4Z*pbE V1Y \Z +mW Z* a*Y\Y /1W1D 1V\b\O
`m1 -\,\`qbE hb\ \Z ]`\ab\ f\`\jSy h1W\,1VE /`d-S1
/dY*pbE hb\ \Z ]`\`\VE * b`1bnS ahSb*pb 1-\ \-\YD
hb\+maV*4*WS,mHLY\b`Sb1`SW\31ZS156DM
7 \h1Yd ,*3Z\ 4Z*bnE Vb\ b*V\y Sada `Sab\aH
S+WSS aV*4*Z\B wb\+m SY1bn ,1hZdp 3S4ZnE
Z1\+f\/SY\ ]`S\+`1b*bn 4Z*ZSq \ b1+1E 1/SZab,1ZO
Z\Y SabSZZ\Y \-1E S ]\aW*ZZ\Y b\+\y Sada1
`Sab1x L\*ZZ* 5;B7MD ˛Z*ZSq \+ 1-\,1 S Sada1 \bO
V`\pb ]1`1/ ,*YS ,\4Y\3Z\abn 3Sbn ,1hZ\ , `*p Z*
41YW1 L\*ZZ* 58B:MD 4Z*,*bn \+ Sada1 ,*3Z\ 1k1
S]\b\YdEhb\\Z]\/* 1b ]`1,\af\/Zmy ]`SY1` b\-\E
V*V Zd3Z\ 3Sbn S V*V \bZ\aSbnaq V Wp/qY L\*ZZ*
57B78E 79MD 4 5Oy -W*,m Ym d4Z*WSE Vb\ b*V\y \-D 1O
5E 6D *M \h1Yd 4Z*bn V\-\Ob\ ]\ SY1ZS Z1 \4Z*h*1bE hb\ ,m a ZSY
+WS4V\ 4Z*V\YmH +lqaZSb1D +M b\ Wp/S /dY*pb \ b\YE Vb\ b*V\y SO
ada `Sab\aH
7D \h1Yd ,*3Z\ ]\Wdh*bn 4Z*ZSq \ \-1 S \+ Sada1 `Sab1H

• H 85
]1`n /*,*yb1 d4Z*1YE hb ‹ \ , S+WSS -\,\`Sbaq \+ SO
ada1 `Sab1D
w% " ˚(Ix
8 1`14 S+WSp 1-\,* ]\\+1k*WE hb\ Z* 41YWp
]`S/ 1b 1aaSqE SWS `Sab\aD W\,\ w1aaSqx P S4
1,`1yaV\-\ q4mV*E * w`Sab\ax P S4 -`1h1aV\-\E Z\
4Z*h1ZS1 obSf aW\, \/SZ*V\,\1 P b\bE V\-\ \- ,mO
+`*W /Wq ,m]\WZ1ZSq \a\+\y `\WSD 1aaSq Sa]\WZSb
,a1 \+1k*ZSq \-* , \bZ\j1ZSS +d/dk1-\D `\Y1 b\O
-\E d31 a1-\/Zq b\E hb\ \Z a/1W*WE Y\31b ]\,WSqbn Z*
,*jd 3S4ZnD ˙\ b\-\ V*V Sada `\/SWaqE YZ\-S1 4*/*O
,*WSan ,\]`\a\YB Vb\ 31 ab*Z1b 1aaS1yH
9 h1ZSVS Sada* +mWS d,1`1Zm , b\YE hb\ SY1ZO
Z\ \Z P 1aaSq L\*ZZ* 5B85MD *]`SY1`E SY\Z 1b`
]`qY\ aV*4*W SadadB wm P `Sab\ax L*be1q 5:B5:MD
]\h1Yd Ym Y\31Y Z1 a\YZ1,*bnaqE hb\ Sada P ob\
1aaSqH
: ˛*/\W-\ /\ `\3/1ZSq Sada* \3nS ]`\`\VS
4*]Sa*WS YZ\31ab,\ ]`\`\h1ab, \ 1aaSSE V\b\`m1
]\Y\-WS +m ]\ZqbnE Vb\ \V*31baq 1aaS1yD *aaY\bO
`SY \/SZ ]`SY1`D *a ]\]`\aSWS ,ab`1bSbn Z* ,\VO
4*W1 h1W\,1V*E V\b\`\-\ ,m `*Znj1 ZSV\-/* Z1 ,S/1O
WSD b\ ]\Y\31b ,*Y 1-\ Z*ybSH ˚aWS ,*Y 1-\ ]\/O
`\+Z\ \]SjdbD \/\+ZmY \+`*4\Y 1-\,* h1`14
]`\`\V\,E b*V aV*4*bnE \]Sa*W 1aaSpB h1Y \Z +d/1b
4*ZSY*bnaq S hb\ a ZSY ]`\S4\y/ 1bD a1 obS ]`\`\O
h1ab,* Sa]\WZSWSan Z* Sada1D 1]1`n Wp+\yE Vb\
8D * hb\ dV*4m,*pb 4Z*h1ZSq aW\, w1aaSqx S w`Sab\axH
9D \YZ1,*WSan WS dh1ZSVS Sada* , b\YE hb\ \Z 1aaSqH
:D b\ a/1W*W 1-\,*E hb\+m SaV`1ZZS1 Wp/S Y\-WS ]\ZqbnE Vb\ \V*O
31baq 1aaS1yH

SaV`1ZZ1ob\-\4*f\h1bEY\31bd+1/SbnaqEhb\]`1/O
aV*4*ZZmY 1aaS1y \V*4*Waq SadaD
; *aaY\b`SY /,* ]`\`\h1ab,*D 1`,\1B 4* ;>> W1b
/\ `\3/1ZSq Sada* ]`\`\V Sf1y ]`1/aV*4*WE hb\
1aaSq `\/Sbaq , Z1+\Wnj\Y -\`\/1 SeW11Y1 LSO
f1y 9B6MD -/1 `\/SWaq SadaH Y1ZZ\ , SeW11Y1I
L*be1q 6B5E 7P=MD b\`\1B ]`\`\V ˙*ZSSW ]`1/aV*O
4*WEhb\1aaSq]\q,Sbaq,6=-\/dZDoDL˙*ZSSW=B69MD
'b\ ,a1-\ WSjn /,* S4 YZ\31ab,* ]`\`\h1ab,E /\V*O
4m,*pkSfE hb\ Sada P \+1k*ZZmy 1aaSqD LY\bO
`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 57DM
< \W11 b\-\E a*Y 1-\,* ]\/b,1`/SWE hb\ Sada P
ob\ 1aaSqD \- ]\\+1k*W \*ZZd `1abSb1WpE hb\
/*ab 1Yd 4Z*VE V\b\`my dV*4*W +m Z* 1aaSpD 6= -\O
/d ZD oDE V\-/* Sada ]`Sj1W V `1V1 \`/*ZE hb\+m
V`1abSbnaqE \*ZZ d,S/1W ob\b 4Z*VD \b hb\ \+ ob\Y
-\,\`Sbaq , S+WSSB w`1abS,jSanE Sada a`*4d 31
]\/ZqWaq S4 ,\/mD \-/* \bV`mWSan Z1+1a*E S \*ZZ
d,S/1W /df \-*E V\b\`my , \+WSV1 -\Wd+q \]daV*Waq
Z* Sada*D -\W\a a Z1+1a aV*4*WB t'b\ Y\y Wp+SYmy
mZE V\b\`\-\ q \/\+`qprx L*be1q 7B5:E 5;MD *V \O
*ZZ ]\ZqWE hb\ Sada S 1abn 1aaSq L\*ZZ* 5B76P78MD
Y1ZZ\ , b\b /1ZnE V\-/* Z* Sada* a\j1W /df \b 1O
;D *VS1 /,* ]`\`\h1ab,* /\V*4m,*pbE hb\ Sada P ob\ 1aaSqH

• H 87
-\,mE\Zab*W1aaS1yDZ\V*4*Waqb1YEV\-\\-Z*O
4Z*hSW \3/ 1Y S *`1Y La*Sq 99B8MD
= b*VE +S+W1yaVS1 ]`\`\h1ab,*E aW\,* a*Y\-\ 1O
-\,m S q,Zmy 4Z*V a Z1+* ,\ ,`1Yq V`1k1ZSq /\V*4mO
,*pbE hb\ Sada S +mW \+1k*ZZmY 1aaS1yD b1]1`n
/*,*yb1 d4Z*1YE \bVd/* ]`Sj1W Sada `Sab\a S V*O
VSY \Z +mW h1W\,1V\YD
Sada ab*W 1aaS1yE SWS `Sab\YE
,\ ,`1Yq a,\1-\ V`1k1ZSq

88 ˚ )H
˙ " ˚ H
5> S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ /\ ]`Sf\/* Z* 41YWp
Sada `Sab\a /\W-\1 ,`1Yq 3SW Z* Z1+1D 'b\ a\-W*O
ad1baq a\ aW\,*YS ]`\`\V* Sf1qE V\b\`my Z*]Sa*WE
hb\ 1aaSq adk1ab,\,*W wa /`1,ZSf ,`1Y1Zx LSf1y
9B6MD Sada a*Y Z1 `*4 -\,\`SWE hb\E /\ b\-\ V*V `\O
/Sbnaq Z* 41YW1E \Z 3SW Z* Z1+1D L`\hSb*yb1 \O
*ZZ*7B57C:B7

• H 89
Sada +mW a\b,\`1ZE 4Z*hSbE d Z1-\ +mW\ Z*h*W\D \
d 1-\,m Z1 +mW\ Z*h*W*E Z*\+\`\bE ob\ \Z ,a1a\O
4/*W La*W\Y =>B6MD Sada ZSV\-/* Z1 ]mb*Waq 4*Zqbn
Y1ab\ \-*E \Z \a\4Z*,*W a,\ 1 ]\W\31ZS1 P hb\ \Z
b\WnV\ amZD S+WSq -\,\`Sb ]`qY\E hb\ b1g +\WnO
j1 mZ*D L`\hSb*yb1 \*ZZ* 58B6P79MD
˚˚ % H
59 4 h1bm` 1f VZS- S+WSSE S4,1abZmf V*V ˚,*Z-1O
WSq \b *be1qE *`V*E dVS S \*ZZ*E ,m aY\31b1
57D \h1Yd , S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ Sada P w\+`*4 Z1,S/SY\-\ \O
-*xH
58D *V mZ \-* Y\- `\/Sbnaq h1W\,1V\YH
59D *V ,m Y\31b1 +\Wnj1 d4Z*bn \+ 1-\,1H

8: ˚ )H
YZ\-\1 d4Z*bn \+ Sada1E \ 1-\ 3S4ZS S V*h1ab,*fD
`\Y1 b\-\E ,m +\Wnj1 d4Z*1b1 \+ 1-\,1E ,1/n SO
ada b*V ]\f\3 Z* bg*D /Z*3/m Sada /*31 aV*4*WB
wb\ ,S/1W Y1ZqE ,S/1W S bg*x L\*ZZ* 58B=MD
5: Z\-S1 Z*4m,*WS Sada* `Sab* whSb1W1Yx
L\*ZZ* 5B7

• H 8;
+mW /\+`mY S \bV`mbmY V \+k1ZSpD ˙*31 /1bS bqZdO
WSan V Z1Yd L*`V* 5>B57P5:MD Z \bZ\aSWaq V\ ,a1Y
+14 ]`1/d+13/1ZSq S Z1Z*,S/1W ,4qb\hZSh1ab,\ S
Wp+dp Z1a]`*,1/WS,\abn L*be1q 65B56E 57MD \ ,`1O
Y1Z* Sada* V 31ZkSZ*Y \bZ\aSWSan Z1d,*3Sb1WnO
Z\E , \+k1ab,1 d ZSf +mW\ Y*W\ ]`*,D \ Sada g1ZSW
31ZkSZE \Z d,*3*W Sf /\ab\SZab,\ L\*ZZ* 8B=E 6;MD
*V31 Sada +mW \h1Zn aYS`1ZZmYD /Z*3/m \Z ,mO
YmW Z\-S *]\ab\W*Y P a/1W*W b\E hb\ \+mhZ\ /1W*WS
aWd-S L\*ZZ* 57B6P9E 56P5;MD
5= Sada ]\ZSY*WE , h1Y Wp/S Zd3/*pbaqE S \h1Zn
f\b1W SY ]\Y\hnD + ob\Y -\,\`SWS 1-\ hd/1a*E V\b\O
`m1 \Z a\,1`j*W aSW\y \-* L*be1q 58B58MD \b \/SZ
aWdh*yD /Z*3/m V Sadad ]\/\j1W ]`\V*31ZZmy S
aV*4*WB w˚aWS bm b\WnV\ 4*f\h1jnE bm aY\31jn Y1Zq
\hSabSbnxD Sadad +mW\ +\WnZ\ ,S/1bnE V*V YdhSbaq
ob\b h1W\,1VE \Z ]\3*W1W 1-\ S 4*f\b1W 1Yd ]\Y\hnD
Sada ]`\bqZdW V Z1Yd `dVdE /\b`\ZdWaq /\ Z1-\ S
aV*4*WB w\hdD hSabSanxD , ob\b Y\Y1Zb ]`\V*31ZO
Zmy ab*W 4/\`\,I L*`V* 5B8>P86MD \WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nO
b1E V*V \Z `*/\,*WaqI
˚˙ ˚˚
6> Sada ]\/*W a*Ymy WdhjSy ]`SY1` ]\aWdO
j*ZSq \-dD Wp+mf \+ab\qb1Wnab,*f P /*31 ab\WO
VZd,jSan a ]`\bS,\/1yab,S1YE \Z \ab*,*Waq ,1`ZmY
bgdD Sada Z1 a\-`1jSWE V\-/* 1-\ SaVdj*W *b*O
Z* L*be1q 8B5P55MD *V31 \Z ]`\/\W3*W Sa]\WZqbn
5=D *V\y aWdh*y ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ Sada ]\ZSY*WE , h1Y Wp/S Zd3/*O
pbaqE S hb\ \Z f\b1W SY ]\Y\hnH
6>E 65D \h1Yd Y\3Z\ aV*4*bnE hb\ Sada ]\/*W a*Ymy WdhjSy ]`SO
Y1` ]\aWdj*ZSq \-dH

Sada `Sab\a ]`\]\,1/\,*W ,14/1E
-/1 ,ab`1h*W Wp/1y
4*/*ZS1 \-*E f\bq +WS4VS1 1Yd Wp/SE 1-\ `\/ab,1ZO
ZSVSE Z1 ,1`SWSE hb\ \Z 1aaSqE S /*31 -\,\`SWSE
hb\ w\Z a\j1W a dY*x L*`V* 7B65MD Sada Z1 ]`1/*W
\-* S b\-/*E V\-/* ,`*-S 31ab\V\ S4/1,*WSan Z*/
ZSYEP \Z Z1 ab*W SY YabSbn L5 1b`* 6B65P67MD
65 Sada \ab*Waq ,1`ZmY S ]1`1/ WSg\Y aY1`bSE f\O
bq ob\ +mW* 31ab\V*q S YdhSb1WnZ*q aY1`bnD L`\O
hSb*yb1 SWS]]Syg*Y 6B

8=
`Sab\a aV*4*WB w,1`jSW\anIx L\*ZZ* 5=B7>MD *
b`1bSy /1Zn ]\aW1 1-\ aY1`bS 1-\,* ,\aV`1aSW
1-\D Z /*W 1Yd /df\,Z\1 b1W\ L5 1b`* 7B5B56E 57MD
66 W*-\/*`q b\Yd hb\ Sada \ab*Waq ,1`ZmY bgdE
d Z*a ]\q,SW*an ,\4Y\3Z\abn 3Sbn ,1hZ\ , `*p Z*
41YW1D 'b\ SY1ZZ\ b\E hb\ 1-\,* f\b1W a/1W*bn /Wq
Wp/1yD 4 aW1/dpk1y -W*,m Ym d4Z*1YE V*V Z*j* Z*O
/13/* Z* ,1hZdp 3S4Zn a,q4*Z* a\ aY1`bnp `Sab*D
66D b\ ab*W\ ,\4Y\3ZmY +W*-\/*`q b\YdE hb\ Sada \ab*Waq ,1`ZmY
bgdH

P ˚)
wm P `Sab\ax L*be1q 5:B5:MD
bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ Sada +mW 1aaS1yH
*be1q 7B5:E 5;C
\*ZZ* 5B76P78
1-\,* a*Y aV*4*WE hb\
Sada P 1aaSqD
Sf1y 9B6C
*be1q 6B5E 7P=
a1 ]`\`\h1ab,*
\ 1aaSS Sa]\WZSWSan
Z* Sada1 `Sab1D
˙˙˛˚(
% ˚
w) a\j1W a Z1+*x L\*ZZ* :B7P79
1-\,* ]\aW*W Sada*
Z* 41YWpD

95
( (˙˚•
wdabn /1bS ]`Sf\/qb V\ YZ1x L*`V* 5>B58MD
*VS1 V*h1ab,* Sada* `Sab* ,*Y \a\+1ZZ\
Z`*,qbaqH
*`V* 5>B57P5:
Z +mW /\+`mYE S a ZSY +mW\
]`SqbZ\ \+k*bnaqD
\*ZZ* 8B=E 6;
Sada g1ZSW 31ZkSZE \Z d,*O
3*W Sf /\ab\SZab,\D
\*ZZ* 57B6P9E 56P5;
Sada +mW aYS`1ZZmYD
*be1q =B79E 7:C *`V*
5B8>P86
Sada f\b1W ]\Y\-*bn Wp/qYD
˚˙ )˚
(
w)DDD 4*,1`jSW /1W\E V\b\`\1 bm ]\`dhSW YZ1
,m]\WZSbnx L\*ZZ* 5;B8MD
*V ]`SY1` Sada* `Sab* ]\Y\-*1b Z*Y +mbn
,1`ZmYS \-dH
*be1q 8B5P55
Sada Z1 ]`1/*W \-*E V\-/*
1-\ SaVdj*W ˙nq,\WD
*`V* 7B65
Sada Z1 ]1`1ab*,*W Sa]\WO
Zqbn ,\Wp \-* /*31 b\-/*E
V\-/* 1-\ `\/ab,1ZZSVS
Z*aY1f*WSan Z*/ ZSYD
51b`*6B65P67
Sada ZSV\-/* Z1 YabSW
a,\SY ,`*-*YD
SWS]]Syg*Y 6B<
Sada \ab*Waq ,1`ZmY \-d
/\ a*Y\y aY1`bSD
˚,`1qY 5>B56E 57C
51b`*7B5<
1-\,* ,\aV`1aSW Sada*
V 3S4ZS Z* Z1+1D

9
% P ˚%• ˙
•S4]\/*`V\,,m+mZ*4,*WSa*YmYWdhjSYH
V\`11 ,a1-\E b\bE V\b\`my /\ab*,SW ,*Y `*/\abn S
\V*4*Waq /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ Zd3ZmYD `S ob\Y \Z Z1\+qO
4*b1WnZ\ +mW a*YmY /\`\-SY ]\ g1Z1D
6 \- ]\/*`SW Z*Y YZ\-\ ]\/*`V\,D \ \/SZ S4 ZSf
+mW \a\+1ZZmYE ]\b\Yd hb\ , Z1Y Zd3/*W\an ,a1h1O
W\,1h1ab,\D ob\y -W*,1 +d/1b `*aaV*4*Z\ \ b\YE V*V
1-\,* ]\aW*W Z* 41YWp a,\1-\ mZ*E Sada* `Sab*E
S V*V b\b \b/*W a,\p 3S4Zn , V*h1ab,1 ,mVd]* 4* WpO
/1yE hb\+m d ZSf ]\q,SW*an ,\4Y\3Z\abn 3Sbn ,1hZ\D
L`\hSb*yb1 *be1q 6>B6

% P ˚%• ˙ 97
8 1`,\-\ h1W\,1V*E /*Y*E 1-\,* a\4/*W a\,1`O
j1ZZmYD Z1-\ +mWS a\,1`j1ZZm1 dY S b1W\D Z ZSO
V\-/* +m Z1 4*+\W1WE Z1 a\ab*`SWaq S Z1 dY1` +mD 1O
-\,* +mW /Wq /*Y* \bg\YE ,1/n \Z a\4/*W 1-\ LdVS
7B7

98 ˚ C )H
Zd3Z\ \b/*bnE hb\+m \a,\+\/Sbn V\-\Ob\ S4 `*+ab,*
SWS ,1`Zdbn V*VdpOWS+\ ,1knD mVd] /\W31Z +mbn
`*,ZmY ]\ ab\SY\abS b\YdE hb\ db`*h1Z\D
< SVb\ S4 Wp/1y Z1 Y\- +m ,mVd]Sbn b\E hb\ ]\b1O
`qW /*YE V\-/* a\-`1jSWD \ 1-\,* Z*j1W `1j1ZS1E
V*V ,mVd]Sbn Z*a S4 `*+ab,* -`1f* S aY1`bSD ˙*,*yb1
d4Z*1YE V*V +mW d]W*h1Z ,mVd] S V*V \Z Y\31b ]\,WSO
qbn Z* Z*jd 3S4ZnD
% ˚ %
= SVb\ S4 Z*a Z1 Y\31b ,mVd]SbnE SWS ,1`Zdbn \+O
`*bZ\E a\,1`j1ZZdp 3S4ZnE V\b\`dp ]\b1`qW /*YD
\h1YdH \b\Yd hb\ Ym ,a1 Z1a\,1`j1ZZm La*W\Y
8=B;E b\ a/1W*W 1-\,*E hb\+m 4*]W*bSbn ,mVd]H 1O
-\,* ]\aW*W Z* 41YWp a,\1-\ /\`\-\-\ mZ*E Sada*
`Sab*E V\b\`my +mW 1-\ a*YmY ]1`,mY b,\`1ZS1Y
L5 \*ZZ* 8B=E 5>MD Sada +mW -\b\, ]\VSZdbn a,\y /\Y
Z* Z1+1 S `*aab*bnaq a bg\Y LSWS]]Syg*Y 6B;MD 1O
-\,* ]1`1Z1a 3S4Zn Sada* a Z1+* Z* 41YWpE S b\b `\O
/SWaq Z* 41YW1 V*V h1W\,1VE b\WnV\ +14-`1jZmy LdO
VS 5B79MD
55 \-/* /*Y Z1 ]\aWdj*Waq \-*E \Z WSjSW Z1
b\WnV\ a1+qE Z\ S ,a1f a,\Sf ]\b\YV\, ,\4Y\3Z\abS
=D b\ Y\-W\ +m ab*bn ,mVd]\YH
5>D b\ a/1W*W 1-\,*E hb\+m 4*]W*bSbn ,mVd]H
55D \- WS Vb\OZS+d/n 4*]W*bSbn ,mVd] 4* ,a1f Wp/1yH

% P ˚%• ˙ 99
3Sbn ,1hZ\D \- WS Vb\OZS+d/n S4+*,Sbn \b aY1`O
bS ,a1f ]\b\YV\, /*Y*H ˙*D L`\hSb*yb1 SYWqO
Z*Y 9B5=DM 'b\ a/1W*W Sada `Sab\a P \Z \b/*W , V*O
h1ab,1 ,mVd]* a,\p a\,1`j1ZZdp 3S4Zn L5 \`SZeqO
Z*Y 59B89MD W*-\/*`q ob\Yd ,a1 ]\b\YVS /*Y* Y\-db
+mbn S4+*,W1Zm \b aY1`bS L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 59B65E 66MD
56 S+WSS \]Sam,*1baqE hb \ ‹ ]1`13SW Sada `SO
ab\a ]1`1/ aY1`bnpB 1-\ 31ab\V\ ,ma1VWS ]W1bnpE
]`S-,\4/SWSVab\W+dS\ab*,SWSdYS`*bnL\*ZZ*
5=B5E 5:P5MD \h1Yd Sada /\W31Z +mW b*V ab`*O
/*bnH \b\Yd hb\ *b*Z* 4*q,SWE hb\ ZS \/SZ h1W\,1V
Z1 \ab*Z1baq ]`1/*ZZmY \-dE 1aWS 1-\ ]\/,1`-Zdbn
Sa]mb*ZSqYD Sada `Sab\a /\V*4*WE hb\ a\,1`j1ZO
Zmy h1W\,1V Y\31b a\f`*ZSbn ]`1/*ZZ\abn \-dE /*O
31 1aWS ab\WVZ1baq a d3*aZmYS Sa]mb*ZSqYSD `1/O
ab*,nb1E V*V 1-\,* -\`/SWaq Sada\YI L`SbhS 6;B55C
aY\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 59MD
57 \ V*VSY \+`*4\Y ,mVd] +mW d]W*h1ZH 58 ZSa*O
Z* 77 -\/* ZD oD ]\ 1,`1yaV\Yd V*W1Z/*`p Sada +mW
d+Sb L˚,`1qY 5>B5>MD * b`1bSy /1Zn ]\aW1 V*4ZS SadO
a* 1-\,* ,\aV`1aSW 1-\E Z\ Z1 V*V h1W\,1V*E * V*V /dO
f\,Zdp WShZ\abnD `S ob\Y 4* Sada\Y a\f`*ZSW\an
]`*,\ Z* a\,1`j1ZZdp h1W\,1h1aVdp 3S4Zn Z* 41YO
W1D \-/* Sada ,1`ZdWaq Z* Z1+\ V bgdE \Z \b/*W ob\
]`*,\ 1YdD *V ,mVd] +mW d]W*h1Z L˚,`1qY =B68MD 1-\O
,* ]`SZqW ,mVd]E S b1]1`n d ,a1f ]\b\YV\, /*Y* ]\O
q,SW*an ,\4Y\3Z\abn \a,\+\/Sbnaq \b -`1f* S aY1`O
bSD L`\hSb*yb1 SYWqZ*Y 7B67E 68DM
56D \h1Yd Sada `Sab\a /\W31Z +mW ]\ab`*/*bnH
57D *V +mW d]W*h1Z ,mVd]H

9: ˚ C )H
% ˝˚ )& " ˝˛&
58 m d4Z*WSE hb\ ,mVd] Y\3Z\ Z*4,*bn a*YmY g1ZO
ZmY ]\/*`V\Y \b \-*D ˙*,*yb1 ]\aY\b`SYE V*V d]W*O
b* ,mVd]* Y\31b ]\,WSqbn Z1 b\WnV\ Z* Z*jd a1-\/O
ZqjZpp 3S4ZnE Z\ S Z* +d/dkdpD
59 `\k1ZS1 -`1f\,D mE Z*,1`Z\1E a\-W*aSb1anE
hb\ b`d/Z\ ,a1-/* S ,\ ,a1Y ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\D
m ,a1 ,`1Yq \jS+*1YaqB Y\31Y aV*4*bn SWS a/1W*bn
hb\Ob\ ]W\f\1 L\W\aaqZ*Y 5B57E 58MD *V 31 ]\WdhSbn
]`\k1ZS1 4* Z*jS \jS+VSH ˚aWS Ym SaV`1ZZ1 a\3*O
W11Y \ b\YE hb\ ]\abd]SWS Z1]`*,SWnZ\E S aYS`1ZZ\
]`\aSY 1-\,d \ ]`\k1ZSSE Ym Y\31Y +mbn d,1`1ZmE
hb\ \Z ]`\abSb Z*jS -`1fS L5 \*ZZ* 5B

1-\,* \b/*W a,\1-\
/\`\-\-\ mZ*
V*V ,mVd] 4* Z*a

9< ˚ C )H
˙% % ˛ %H
5< a]\YZSb1E hb\ ,m hd,ab,\,*WSE V\-/* Vb\Ob\ /*O
`SW ,*Y ]\/*`\VD *V Ym d4Z*WSE a*Ymy g1ZZmy ]\/*O
`\V P ob\ ,mVd]E S Z*Y aW1/d1b +mbn \h1Zn +W*-\/*`O
ZmYS 1-\,1 4* Z1-\D \*ZZ* 7B5: 4*]Sa*Z\B w\- WpO
+Sb YS` b*V aSWnZ\E hb\ \b/*W a,\1-\ 1/SZ\`\/Z\-\
mZ*xD 1-\,* \h1Zn Wp+Sb Z*aE S ]\ob\Yd \b/*W 4*
Z*a a,\1-\ /\`\-\-\ mZ*E Sada* `Sab*D m 4Z*1YE
hb\ Sada b\31 Z*a Wp+SbE ,1/n \Z a\-W*aSWaq dY1O
`1bn 4* Z*a L\*ZZ* 59B57MD 1a\YZ1ZZ\E 4*]W*bS, ,mO
Vd]E 1-\,* S Sada /\V*4*WSE hb\ Wp+qb Z*a L*W*b*Y
6B6>MD
5= \Z1hZ\E Wp+\,n 1-\,m ]`\+d3/*1b , Z*a 31O
W*ZS1 +mbn 1-\ /`d4nqYSD \ Z1,\4Y\3Z\ /`d3Sbn
a V1YOb\E V\-\ Ym ]W\f\ 4Z*1YD \b ]\h1Yd , \*ZZ*
5;B7 -\,\`SbaqE hb\ Zd3Z\ d4Z*,*bn \+ 1-\,1D *VH
`\/\W3*yb1 S4dh*bn S+WSpD *j* Wp+\,n V 1-\,1
ab*Z1b aSWnZ11E ,*Y 4*f\h1baq `*/\,*bn 1-\ S a\ ,`1O
Y1Z1Y ,m ab*Z1b1 1-\ /`d-\Y L5 \*ZZ* 9B7MD
6> `\q,Wqyb1 ,1`d , SaVd]Sb1WnZdp 31`b,d
Sada* `Sab*D S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w`\q,WqpkSy
,1`d , mZ* SY11b ,1hZdp 3S4Znx L\*ZZ* 7B7:MD
b\ \4Z*h*1b w]`\q,Wqbn ,1`dx , Sada* `Sab*H 'b\
\4Z*h*1b 3Sbn b*VE V*V Z*dhSW Sada L\*ZZ* 57B59MD
1/\ab*b\hZ\ ]`\ab\ -\,\`SbnE hb\ Ym ,1`SY , SadO
a*E Zd3Z\ 1k1 hb\Ob\ /1W*bnD w1`* +14 /1W Y1`b,*xEP
-\,\`Sbaq , *V\,* 6B6:D b\YE hb\ Ym ,1`SY , 31`O
b,d `Sab*E aV*3db Z*jS /1W*D
5D *M *V ab*bn /`d-\Y 1-\,mH +M *V Y\3Z\ ]\V*4*bnE hb\ Ym
,1`SY , SaVd]Sb1WnZdp 31`b,d `Sab*H

1Y +\Wnj1 Ym +d/1Y
d4Z*,*bn \+ 1-\,1E
b1Y +\W11 +WS4VSYS
/`d4nqYS Ym +d/1Y
ab*Z\,Sbnaq S b1Y
aSWnZ11 +d/1Y
1-\ Wp+Sbn
65 `Sadbab,dyb1 Z* 1h1`1 ,\a]\YSZ*ZSq
aY1`bS `Sab*D Sada ]\,1W1W Z*Y ,a]\YSZ*bn /1Zn
1-\ aY1`bSD *3/my -\/ , ob\b /1Zn Ym \bY1h*1Y 1O
h1`p ,\a]\YSZ*ZSqE SWSE ]\O/`d-\YdE wd3SZ \a]\O
/*x L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 55B6>C *be1q 6:B6:P6

˚ (˙ ˝˙()
%˚
wmZ h1W\,1h1aVSy ]`Sj 1WDDD hb\+mDDD \b/*bn
a,\p /djd V*V ,mVd] 4* YZ\-Sfx L*be1q 6>B6

:5
% ˙˚ ˚˙(
˙˚˝˙
wZ \b`1b ,aqVdp aW14d a Sf -W*4E S aY1`bS d31
Z1 +d/1bx LbV`\,1ZS1 65B8MD
*V ,mVd] Y\31b ]\,WSqbn Z* Z*jd 3S4ZnH
5\*ZZ*5B
˛*]W*bS, ,mVd]E 1-\,* S
Sada /\V*4*WSE hb\ Wp+qb
Z*aD
˝ %&
˙% ˛ %
w\-DDD \b/*W a,\1-\ 1/SZ\`\/Z\-\ mZ*E hb\+m
V*3/myE Vb\ ]`\q,Wq1b , Z1-\ ,1`dDDD SY1W
,1hZdp 3S4Znx L\*ZZ* 7B5:MD
*V Ym Y\31Y ]\V*4*bn \-dE hb\ +W*-\/*`Zm 1Yd
4* ,mVd]H
\*ZZ* 5;B7
m Y\31Y d4Z*,*bn \+
1-\,1 S Sada1 `Sab1
S]\/`*3*bnSYD
dVS 66B5=
*3/my -\/ Ym Y\31Y ]`SadbO
ab,\,*bn Z* 1h1`1 ,\a]\YSO
Z*ZSq aY1`bS `Sab*D
\*ZZ* 7B7:C *V\,* 6B6:
1/\ab*b\hZ\ ]`\ab\ -\,\O
`SbnE hb\ Ym ,1`SY , SadO
a*EP Zd3Z\ /1W*YS /\V*4mO
,*bnE hb\ Ym 1-\ dh1ZSVSD

:
˙ ˚˚
˚ ˚H
1abn \+1k*ZS1E hb\ Z*abd]Sb b*V\1 ,`1O
YqE V\-/* waY1`bS d31 Z1 +d/1bx LbV`\,1ZS1 65B8MD
*V Ym d4Z*WS S4 9Oy -W*,mE +W*-\/*`q b\Yd hb\
+mWd]W*h1Z,mVd]EdZ*a1abn,\4Y\3Z\abn3Sbn,1hO
Z\D \ ]\V* Wp/S dYS`*pb L'VVW14S*ab =B9MD 4Z*hSbE
\ab* 1baq ,\]`\aB hb\ 31 ]`\Saf\/Sb a h1W\,1V\Y ]\aO
W1 aY1`bSH
6 b,1b Z* ob\b ,\]`\a \a\+1ZZ\ ,\WZd1b b1fE Vb\
]\b1`qW +WS4V\-\ h1W\,1V*D ZS Y\-db /dY*bnB w/1
\Z b1]1`nH S/Sb WS \Z Y1ZqH \31b WS \Z YZ1 ]\O
Y\hnH ,S3d WS q 1-\ aZ\,*Hx
7 *4Zm1 `1WS-SS \b,1h*pb ]\O`*4Z\YdD /ZS dh*bE
hb\ 1aWS h1W\,1V +mW f\`\jSYE b\ ]\aW1 aY1`bS \Z
]\y/ 1b Z* Z1+\E * 1aWS ]W\fSY P +d/1b YdhSbnaq , */dD
˙`d-S1 -\,\`qbE hb\ ]\aW1 aY1`bS h1W\,1V ab*Z\,Sbaq
/df\Y S ]`\/\W3*1b -/1Ob\ 3Sbn ,Y1ab1 a dY1`jSYS
]`1/V*YSD b`1bnS ahSb*pbE hb\E V\-/* Vb\Ob\ dYS`*O
1bE 1-\ aZ*h*W* ad/qbE * ]\b\Y \Z `\3/*1baq aZ\,*E Z\
d31 V*V /`d-\y h1W\,1V SWS 3S,\bZ\1D
8 f\bq ]`1/ab*,W1ZSq \ aY1`bS , `*4Zmf `1WS-Sqf
`*4WSh*pbaqE , \/Z\Y Sf YZ1ZSq a\,]*/*pbB V\-/* h1O
W\,1V dYS`*1bE V*V*qOb\ 1-\ h*abn ]`\/\W3*1b 3SbnD
\ b*V WS ob\H
5P7D *VS1 ,\]`\am \ aY1`bS 4*/*pb Wp/S S V*V Z* ZSf \b,1h*pb
`*4Zm1 `1WS-SSH
8D h1Y a\,]*/*pb YZ1ZSq `*4Zmf `1WS-Sy , \bZ\j1ZSS aY1`bSH

˙ ˚˚ ˚ ˚H :7
˙ ˚ ˚H
9 b,1b Z* ,\]`\aE hb\ ]`\Saf\/Sb ]\aW1 aY1`bSE
4Z*1b 1-\,*D Z aV*4*WE hb\E V\-/* h1W\,1V dYS`*1bE
1-\ 3S4Zn 4*V*ZhS,*1baqD Y1`bnPob\]`\bS,\]\O
W\3Z\abn 3S4ZSD \aW1 aY1`bS hd,ab,*E YmaWS S ,\aO
]\YSZ*ZSq h1W\,1V* Z1 ]`\/\W3*pb adk1ab,\,*bn
-/1Ob\ 1k1D \aW1 aY1`bS h1W\,1V +\Wnj1 Z1 Y\31b
,S/1bnE aWmj*bn SWS /dY*bnD
: *`n \W\Y\Z Z*]Sa*WB w1`b,m1 ZSh1-\ Z1 4Z*O
pbxD 1`b,m1 Z1 Y\-db ZS Wp+SbnE ZS Z1Z*,S/1bnD
\aW1 aY1`bS Z1b wZS `*+\bmE ZS 4*YmaW\,E ZS 4Z*ZSqE
ZS Yd/`\abSxD L`\hSb*yb1'VVW14S*ab=B9E:E5>DM
a*WY1 58:B8 aV*4*Z\E hb\ ,Y1ab1 a h1W\,1V\Y dYS`*O
pb S 1-\ YmaWSD
˚
; \-/* dY1` +WS4VSy /`d- Sada* *4*`nE Sada aV*O
4*W dh1ZSV*YB w*j /`d- *4*`n daZdWxD \ \Z Z1 SY1W
, ,S/dE hb\ *4*`n \b/mf*1bE ,1/n 4*b1Y \Z ]`qY\ aV*O
4*WB w*4*`n dY1`x L\*ZZ* 55B55P58MD *V ,S/Z\E Sada
a`*,ZSW aY1`bn a\ aZ\YD Z Z1 -\,\`SWE hb\ *4*`n
]\j1W Z* Z1+\ SWS hb\ \Z Z*f\/Sbaq -/1Ob\ a\ a,\SO
YS dY1`jSYS `\/ab,1ZZSV*YSD *V31 \Z Z1 -\,\`SWE
hb\ *4*`n YdhSbaq , */d SWS , V\-\Ob\ ]1`1`\/SWO
aqD1bESadaaV*4*WEhb\EV\-/**4*`ndY1`E\ZV*V
+d/b\ V`1]V\ 4*aZdWD Y1`bn a`*,ZS,*1baq a\ aZ\Y S
, /`d-Sf +S+W1yaVSf abSf*fD *]`SY1`E V\-/* d+SWS
1V\b\`m1 Wp/S ,1`qbE hb\ ]\aW1 aY1`bS h1W\,1V* 1-\ /dj*
SWS /df ]`\/\W3*pb 3SbnD \W11 ]\/`\+Z\ \+ ob\Y -\,\`Sbaq ,
`SW\31ZSqf 5; S 5

:8 ˚ )H
b1e*Z*E \ Z1Y +mW\ aV*4*Z\E hb\ w\Z daZdW aY1`bZmY
aZ\Yx L˙1qZSq ;B:>MD ]\ab\W *,1W Sa]\Wn4\,*W b*O
V\1 31 a`*,Z1ZS1E 4*]Sa*,E hb\ Z1V\b\`m1 f`SabS*Z1
wdaZdWS aY1`bZmY aZ\Yx L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 59B:MD
< \4/*W WS \- /*Y* S ˚,d b*VE hb\+m \ZS `*Z\ SWS
]\4/Z\ dY1`WSH 1bI 1-\,* a\4/*W Sf b*VE hb\+m \ZS
3SWS ,1hZ\ S ZSV\-/* Z1 +\W1WSD V*3/\-\ h1W\,1V*
1-\,* ,W\3SW 31W*ZS1 3Sbn ,1hZ\ L'VVW14S*ab 7B55MD
\/dY*yb1E `*4,1 f\b1W\an +m `\/Sb1WqY d,S/1bnE V*V
Sf /1bS a\ab*`qbaq S dY`dbH \Z1hZ\ Z1bD *j \4/*O

˙ ˚˚ ˚ ˚H :9
b1Wn b\31 Z1 f\h1bE hb\+m Ym dYS`*WSD \-/* ]\h1Yd
Wp/S dYS`*pbH
˚ (˙ (H
= \a1WS, /*Y* a ˚,\y , '/1YaV\Y a*/dE 1-\,* ]\O
,1W1W /*YdB wm Y\31jn /\amb* 1abn a\ ,a1f /1`1O
,n1, , a*/dD \ Z1 1jn a /1`1,* ]\4Z*ZSq /\+`* S 4W*E
]\b\Yd hb\ , /1ZnE , V\b\`my al1jn a Z1-\E Z1]`1Y1ZO
Z\ dY`1jnx LmbS1 6B=E 5:E 5;MD ˙*, ob\ ]\,1W1ZS1E 1-\O
,* ]\V*4*WE hb\ b\WnV\ \Z Y\31b `1j*bnE hb\ ahSb*bn
/\+`\YE * hb\ P 4W\YD Sa]\WZqbn 1-\ +mW\ Z1b`d/Z\D
˚aWS +m Wp/S ]\aWdj*WSanE \ZS ]`\q,SWS +m d,*31O
ZS1 V ,W*abS 1-\,mD *V31 Sf ]\aWdj*ZS1 -\,\`SW\
+m \ b\YE hb\ \ZS g1Zqb ,a1E hb\ \- /Wq ZSf a/1W*WD
5> a\3*W1ZSpE /*Y S ˚,* Z1 ]\aWdj*WSan 1-\,dD
\-/* *b*Z* a]`\aSW ˚,dB w˙1yab,Sb1WnZ\ WS \- aV*O
4*WE hb\ ,*Y Z1Wn4q 1abn a\ ,a1f /1`1,n1, , a*/dHx P
\Z* \b,1bSW*B wW\/m a /1`1,n1, a*/* Ym Y\31Y 1abnD
\ \ ]W\/*f /1`1,*E V\b\`\1 ]\a`1/S a*/*E \- aV*4*WB
t1 1jnb1 a Z1-\ S Z1 ]`SV*a*yb1an V Z1YdE hb\+m ,*Y
Z1 dY1`1bnrx LmbS1 7B5P7MD
55 *b*Z* ]`\/\W3SWB w1bE ,m Z1 dY`1b1D b\Yd
31 \- 4Z*1bE hb\ , b\b /1ZnE V\-/* ,m al1/Sb1 a Z1-\E
,*jS -W*4* \bV`\pbaq S ,m ab*Z1b1 V*V \-E 4Z*pkSO
YS /\+`\ S 4W\x LmbS1 7B8P:MD *b*Z* f\b1W d+1/Sbn
˚,d , b\YE hb\ \Z* a*Y* Y\31b `1j*bnE hb\ /\+`\E *
hb\ 4W\D `S ob\Y \Z \+Y*ZdW 11B \Z aV*4*WE hb\ \Z*
Z1 dY`1bE 1aWS Z1 ]\aWdj*1baq \-*D ˚,* ,4qW* ]W\/ S
=D \h1Yd 1-\,* /*W /*Yd S ˚,1 ]\,1W1ZS1 S +mW\ WS b`d/Z\ 1-\
Sa]\WZqbnH
5>E 55D *M *Vdp W\3n *b*Z* aV*4*W /*Yd S ˚,1H +M \h1Yd ]\abd]O
Vd /*Y* S ˚,m Z1b \]`*,/*ZSqH

:: ˚ )H
ab*W* 1abnE * ]\b\Y /*W* Yd3dE S \Z b\31 ]\1WD /*Y S
˚,* 4Z*WSE hb\ Z1Wn4q 1abn ]W\/m a ob\-\ /1`1,*D \
,a1 `*,Z\ al1WSD *V\1 Z1d,*31ZS1 V Wp+qk1Yd bgdI
*V \ZS Z*Y1`1ZZ\ Z1 ]\aWdj*WSan ]\ZqbZ\-\ S Z1O
b`d/Z\-\ dV*4*ZSq \-*D f ]\abd]Vd Z1b \]`*,/*ZSqI
56 *V 3*WnE hb\ Z*jS ]`*`\/Sb1WS ]`\q,SWS b*V\1
Z1d,*31ZS1D b\ +m ,m ]\hd,ab,\,*WSE 1aWS +m ,*jS
amZ S /\hnE \ V\b\`mf ,m b*V 4*+\bSWSanE ]1`1ab*WS
,*a aWdj*bnaq S Z*Y1`1ZZ\ ]\jWS ]`\bS, ,*jSf b`1O
+\,*ZSyH 1a\YZ1ZZ\E ,*Y +mW\ +m +\WnZ\D
57 4O4* Z1]\aWdj*ZSq /*Y S ˚,* ]\b1`qWS ,\4O
Y\3Z\abn 3Sbn ,1hZ\D 1-\,* aV*4*W /*YdB w1/n bm
41YZ*q ]mWn S , ]mWn ,\4,`*bSjnaqxD L`\hSb*yb1
mbS1 7B5=DM 'b\\4Z*h*W\Ehb\/*Y*Z1ab*Z1bPV*V
+d/b\ 1-\ ZSV\-/* S Z1 +mW\ LmbS1 6B;MD b*VE a\-`1O
jS,E /*Y dY1` S ]1`1ab*W adk1ab,\,*bnD
58 ˚aWS +m /*Y S ˚,*
]\aWdj*WSan \-*E \ZS
/\ aSf ]\` +mWS +m
3S,mD \ \ZS Z1 ]\O
aWdj*WSanD ZS a\-`1O
jSWS S , Sb\-1 dY1`WSD
`1f Y\3Z\ a`*,ZSbn
a\ ab`*jZmY Z*aW1/O
ab,1ZZmY 4*+\W1,*ZSO
56D *VS1 hd,ab,* ,m4,*W\ d
1-\,m Z1]\aWdj*ZS1 /*Y*
S˚,mH
57D b\ SY1W , ,S/d 1-\,*E
V\-/* aV*4*W /*YdE hb\ b\b
,\4,`*bSbaq , ]mWnH
58D \h1Yd Wp/S dYS`*pbH
/*Y +mW a\4/*Z S4 ]mWS
S,]mWn,\4,`*bSWaq

˙ ˚˚ ˚ ˚H :;
1YE V\b\`\1 ]1`1/* 1baq Wp/qY \b /*Y* a ˚,\yE ]`*`\O
/Sb1W1y h1W\,1h1ab,*D a1 Wp/S `\3/*pbaq -`1jZmO
YS S ]\ob\Yd `*Z\ SWS ]\4/Z\ dY`db LSYWqZ*Y 9B56MD
\ ob\ Z1 ,f\/SW\ , 4*Yma1W \-*D \- ZSV\-/* Z1 f\O
b1WE hb\+m Wp/S dYS`*WSD 1d/S,Sb1WnZ\E hb\ S+WSq
Z*4m,*1b aY1`bn ,`*-\Y L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 59B6:MD
˛˚ ˝ ˛& ˙ ˚
59 ˚aWS Ym 4Z*1Y ]`*,/d \ aY1`bSE Ym +14 b`d/* `*4O
+1`1YaqE V*VS1 dh1ZSq \ Y1`b,mf Z1]`*,SWnZm1D S+O
WSq dhSbE hb\ dY1`jS1 Z1 hd,ab,dpb ZS eS4Sh1aV\yE ZS
oY\gS\Z*WnZ\y +\WSD m Z1 Y\31Y `*4-\,*`S,*bn a ZSO
YSE * \ZS Z1 Y\-db `*4-\,*`S,*bn a Z*YSD m Z1 Y\O
31Y ]\Y\hn SYE * \ZS Z1 Y\-db ]\Y\hn Z*YD *,`1/Sbn
\ZS b\31 Z1 Y\-dbE 4Z*hSbE Z1 ab\Sb Sf +\qbnaqD ,a1
31 YZ\-S1 `1WS-SS dh*b \+`*bZ\YdD ZS db,1`3/*pbE
hb\ a\ aY1`bnp 3S4Zn Z1 4*V*ZhS,*1baq S hb\ Y1`b,mY
Y\3Z\ ]\Y\hnE 4*]W*bS, /1Zn-SE Z*]`SY1`E a,qk1ZZSO
VdD \E 1aWS Ym 4Z*1Y ]`*,/d \ aY1`bSE Z*a Z1 \+Y*ZdbnD
5: b\+m 4*ab*,Sbn Wp/1y /dY*bnE hb\ Y1`b,m1 ]`\O
/\W3*pb 3SbnE *b*Z* ]\Wn4d1baq W\3ZmYS `1WS-SqO
YSD *]`SY1`E , Z1V\b\`mf `1WS-Sqf -\,\`qbE hb\ ]\aO
W1 aY1`bS V*V*qOb\ h*abn h1W\,1V* ]`\/\W3*1b -/1Ob\
3SbnDhb\\Y1`b,mf -\,\`qb , ,*j1y `1WS-SSB b\
31E hb\ 4*]Sa*Z\ , S+WSSE SWS hb\Ob\ /`d-\1H 1 4*O
+m,*yb1B *b*Z* h*ab\ Sa]\Wn4d1b W\3nE hb\+m \b,1O
abS Wp/1y \b 1-\,mD
5; h1ZSq YZ\-Sf `1WS-Sy \ a\ab\qZSS Y1`b,mfE
]`S,\/qb , d3*aB Z*]`SY1`E dh1ZS1 \ b\YE hb\ ]W\fS1
59D \h1Yd,*3Z\4Z*bn]`*,/d\aY1`bSH
5:D b\ \ Y1`b,mf -\,\`qb , `*4Zmf `1WS-SqfH
5;D \h1Yd dh1ZS1 \ b\YE hb\ Wp/S -\`qb , */dE \aV\`+Wq1b 1-\,dH

:< ˚ )H
Wp/S ]\aW1 aY1`bS ,1hZ\ -\`qb , */dD 'b* W\3n
\aV\`+Wq1b 1-\,dD Z ZSV\-/* Z1 ab*W +m b*V S4/1O
,*bnaq Z*/ Wp/nYSI L`\hSb*yb1 5 \*ZZ* 8B Z\-\ ab\W1bSy Z*4*/ \/SZ \3Sy aWd3Sb1WnE V\O
b\`\-\ 4,*WS \,E a]`\aSWB w˚aWS dY`1b h1W\,1VE aY\O
31b WS \Z aZ\,* 3SbnHx L\, 58B58MD , a*Y\Y /1W1E ,\4O
Y\3Z\ WSE hb\+m dY1`jS1 aZ\,* ab*WS 3SbnH \E hb\
-\,\`Sbaq \+ ob\Y , S+WSSE Y\31b ,*a \h1Zn d/S,SbnD
aW1/dpk1y -W*,1 ,m d4Z*1b1 \b,1b Z* ob\b ,\]`\aD
5D h1Y Ym d4Z*1Y S4 aW1/dpk1y -W*,mH

˙ ˚˚ ˚E
˚ ˝˛& ˛˚)
w˝S,m1 4Z*pbE hb\ \ZS dY`dbx L'VVW14S*ab =B9MD
b\ ]`\Saf\/Sb ]\aW1 aY1`bSH
a*W\Y 58:B7E 8C
'VVW14S*ab =B:E 5>
\aW1 aY1`bS h1W\,1V Z1 Y\O
31b ZS ,S/1bnE ZS aWmj*bnE
ZS /dY*bnD
\*ZZ* 55B55P58
Sada a`*,ZSW aY1`bn
a\ aZ\YD
˚ ˙ ˚ ˚E
% (˙
w1 1jn a /1`1,* ]\4Z*ZSq /\+`* S 4W*E ]\b\Yd
hb\ , /1ZnE , V\b\`my al1jn a Z1-\E Z1]`1Y1ZZ\
dY`1jnx LmbS1 6B5;MD
\h1Yd Wp/S dYS`*pbH
mbS1 7B5P:
*b*Z* \+Y*ZdW ˚,dB \Z aV*O
4*WE hb\ \Z* Z1 dY`1bE 1aWS Z1
]\aWdj*1baq \-*D /*Y S ˚,*
a\-`1jSWS S , Sb\-1 dY1`WSD
mbS1 7B5=
\-/* /*Y dY1`E \Z ]1`1ab*W
adk1ab,\,*bnD
SYWqZ*Y 9B56
`1f ]\f\3 Z* ab`*jZ\1
Z*aW1/ab,1ZZ\1 4*+\W1,*ZS1E
V\b\`\1 Ym ]\WdhSWS \b Z*O
jSf ]`*`\/Sb1W1yD a1 Wp/S
`\3/*pbaq -`1jZmYS S ]\oO
b\Yd `*Z\ SWS ]\4/Z\ dY`dbD
5\`SZeqZ*Y59B6:
S+WSq Z*4m,*1b aY1`bn
,`*-\YD

;>
˛˚ ˝ ˛&
˙ ˚
w˚aWS dY`1b h1W\,1VE aY\31b WS \Z aZ\,*
3SbnH DDD) +d/d 3/*bnE ]\V* Z1 ]`S/ 1b Y\ 1
\a,\+\3/1ZS1x L\, 58B58MD
\h1Yd ,*3Z\ 4Z*bn ]`*,/d \ aY1`bSH
5\*ZZ*8B<
h1ZS1 \+ \-Z1ZZ\Y */1
\aV\`+Wq1b 1-\,dD Z +m
ZSV\-/* Z1 /\]dabSWE hb\+m
Wp/S ,1hZ\ YdhSWSanE -\`q
,\-Z1D
bV`\,1ZS1 8B55
Z\-S1 Wp/S +\qbaq Y 1`b,mf
S ]\ob\Yd ]\VW\Zqpbaq SYD
/Z*V\ Z*j1-\ ]\VW\Z1ZSq
/\ab\SZ b\WnV\ SabSZZmy
\- 1-\,*D

;
)
˚˚H
˚˙&˚E hb\ ,*a ]`S-\,\`SWS V ]\3S4Z1ZO
Z\Yd 4*VWph1ZSp 4* ]`1abd]W1ZS1E V\b\`\-\ ,m Z1
a\,1`j*WSD ,\b ,m aS/Sb1 , bp`nY1D */13/m Z*
\a,\+\3/1ZS1 Z1bD m ]\ZSY*1b1E hb\ ZSh1-\ Z1 Y\O
31b1 S4Y1ZSbnD m , \bh*qZSSD \ ,/`d- ,m d4Z* 1b1E
hb\ 1abn Vb\Ob\E Vb\ Y\31b ,*a \a,\+\/SbnE S \Z ]\O
\+1k*W a/1W*bn ob\D b\ ,m b\-/* ]\hd,ab,d1b1H
6 b*VSY ]\3S4Z1ZZmY 4*VWph1ZS1Y Y\3Z\ a`*,O
ZSbn aY1`bnD b\ +m Ym ZS /1W*WSE Ym Z1 aY\31Y
,mybS Z* a,\+\/dD \ 1-\,* , aSW*f \a,\+\/Sbn Z*aD
Z \+1k*1bE hb\ a\ aY1`bnp +d/1b ]\V\Zh1Z\ L5 \O
`SZeqZ*Y 59B6:MD
7 *V\1 ah*abn1 Z1 +\qbnaq aY1`bSI 1-\,* \+1k*O
1b Z1 b\WnV\ S4+*,Sbn Z*a \b aY1`bSE Z\ S ,1`Zdbn V
3S4ZS b1fE Vb\ d31 dY1`D \- aV*4*WE hb\ dY1`jS1 +dO
/db 3Sbn aZ\,* La*Sq 6:B5=MD S+WSS ob\ Z*4m,*1bO
aq ,\aV`1a1ZS1YD
˙ ( ˛˚
8 *VS1 hd,ab,* ,m4m,*1b d Z*a aY1`bn +WS4V\O
-\ /`d-* SWS V\-\Ob\ S4 `\/ZmfH SWnZdp +\Wn S -\O
`1D m hd,ab,d1Y a1+q +1a]\Y\kZmYS P ,1/n ZSh1-\
5P7D V*V\y wbp`nY1x Ym ,a1 Z*f\/SYaq S V*V 1-\,* Z*a \a,\+\O
/SbH
8D *M b\ Y\31b ab*bn db1j1ZS1YE V\-/* Ym b1`q1Y V\-\Ob\ S4 +WS4O
VSfH +M V1Y /`d3SW SadaH

;6 ˚ )H
Z1 Y\31Y a/1W*bnE hb\+m ,1`Zdbn +WS4V\-\ h1W\,1V*
\+`*bZ\D \ S+WSq Y\31b Z*a db1jSbnD L`\hSb*yO
b1 6 \`SZeqZ*Y 5B7E 8DM *aaY\b`SY \/SZ aWdh*yE
V\b\`my ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ 1-\,* S Sada `Sab\a
\h1Zn f\bqbE hb\+m Z*jS +WS4VS1 +mWS 3S,mD \-/*
Sada +mW Z* 41YW1E \Z /`d3SW a *4*`1Y S 1-\ a1O
ab`*YSE *`e\y S *`S1yD S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\
wSada Wp+SW *`edE 11a1ab`dS*4*`qxD/Z*3/m
*4*`n bq31W\ 4*+\W1W S dY1` L\*ZZ* 55B7P9MD
9 Sada ]\j1W V *`e1 S *`SSE hb\+m db1jSbn
SfD \-/* *`e* daWmj*W*E hb\ Sada S/ 1b V ZSYE
\Z* ,mjW* 1-\ ,ab`1bSbnD \bq *`e* +mW* `*/* ,SO
/1bn Sada*E \Z* aV*4*W* 1YdB w˚aWS +m bm +mW 4/1anE
Y\y +`*b Z1 dY1` +mxD ˚y V*4*W\anE hb\ Sada ]`Sj1W
aWSjV\Y ]\4/Z\D \b\Y Sada d,S/1W 11a1ab`dE*O
`SpEP \Z* -\`nV\ ]W*V*W*D Sada ]`\ZSVaq Sf -\`1Y
Sb\314*]W*V*WL\*ZZ*55B65E77E79MDZ]\hd,ab,\O
,*W b*Vdp 31 +\WnE V*Vdp hd,ab,d1Y YmE V\-/* b1`qO
1Y V\-\Ob\ S4 +WS4VSfD
: *V 31 db1j*1b YmaWn \ b\YE hb\ Sada ]\ZSY*O
1b Z*jS hd,ab,*I , ob\Y \Z ]\f\3 Z* a,\1-\ bg*
L\*ZZ* 58B=MD h1Zn aV\`\ 1-\,* ]\V\ZhSb a\ aY1`O
bnp P d Z1-\ 1abn aSW* a/1W*bn ob\D
w˛&E %˙Ix
; Sada ]\/\j1W V aVW1]dE -/1 +mW ]\f\`\Z1Z *O
4*`nD 'b\ +mW* ]1k1`*E ,f\/ , V\b\`dp +mW 4*V`mb
9E :D *M b\ ]\hd,ab,\,*W SadaE V\-/* d,S/1W ]W*hdkSf /`d41y *O
4*`q S 1-\ a1ab1`H +M \h1Yd Z*a db1j*1b `1*VgSq Sada* Z* aY1`bn
1-\ +WS4V\-\ /`d-*H
;E

) ˚˚H ;7
+\WnjSY V*YZ1YD Z ]\]`\aSWB w+1`Sb1 V*Y1ZnxD
\*`e*+mW*]`\bS,E]\b\Ydhb\b`d]Z*f\/SWaq,
aVW1]1d31h1bm`1/ZqL\*ZZ*55B7=MDZ*Z14Z*W*E
hb\ SY1ZZ\ a\+S`*Waq a/1W*bn SadaE hb\+m ]\Y\hn
11 dY1`j1Yd +`*bdD
< \-/* V*Y1Zn ,a1 31 d+`*WSE Sada V`SVZdWB w*O
4*`nE ,mf\/SIx 4*b1Y ]`\S4\jW\ b\E h1-\ *`e* S
*`Sq ZSV*V Z1 \3S/*WS P wh1W\,1VE V\b\`my +mW
Y1`b,E ,mj1WxD w\ Z\-*Y S `dV*Y \Z +mW \+Y\b*Z
bV*Znpx L\*ZZ* 55B87E 88MD *4*`n +mW 3S, P Sada
1-\ ,\aV`1aSWI `1/ab*,nb1E V*V `*/\,*WSan 1-\ /`dO
4nq S `\/ab,1ZZSVSE hb\ \Z aZ\,* a ZSYSE hb\ \ZS Y\O
-db aZ\,* 1-\ \+Zqbn S aZ\,* ]\-\,\`SbnD 'b\ +mW\
Z*ab\qk11 hd/\I
w˙˚E ( ˚˚B &Ix
= bVd/* d Sada* `Sab* +mW* aSW* ,\aV`1j*bn
Wp/1yH 1`1/ b1YE V*V ,\aV`1aSbn *4*`qE Sada ]\O
Y\WSWaq 1-\,1D ˛Z*hSbE aSW* ,\aV`1j*bn +mW* d Z1O
-\ \b 1-\,mD L`\hSb*yb1 \*ZZ* 55B85E 86DM *O
4*`n +mW Z1 1/SZab,1ZZmYE V\-\ ,\aV`1aSWSD S+O
WSS `*aaV*4m,*1baq \+ \/Z\y 56OW1bZ1y /1,\hV1E
V\b\`*q a1`n14Z\ 4*+\W1W*D ˚1\b1gE*S`E]`Sj
1W V
Sadad S ab*W dY\Wqbn 1-\ Sag1WSbn /\hnD Z* +mO
W* 1-\ 1/SZab,1ZZmY `1+ 1ZV\YD \ ,`1Yq ob\-\
`*4-\,\`* *S`d a\\+kSWSB w,\q /\hn dY1`W*I ˛*O
h1Y 1k1 db`d3/*bn dhSb1WqHx \ Sada 4*,1`SW *O
S`*B w1 +\yaqE b\WnV\ ,1`nE S \Z* +d/1b a]*a1O
Z*xD ˛*b1Y \ZS ,Y1ab1 ]\jWS , /\Y *S`*D V\W\
=E 5>D *M bVd/* d Sada* `Sab* +mW* aSW* ,\aV`1j*bn Wp/1yH
+M ˛*h1Y , S+WSS +mW\ 4*]Sa*Z\ \ b\YE V*V V\-\Ob\ ,\aV`1j*WSH

;8 ˚ )H
/\Y* Sada ,ab`1bSW ]W*hdkSf Wp/1yD Z aV*4*W SYB
w1`1ab*Znb1 ]W*V*bnE ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z* Z1 dY1`W*E *
a]SbxD V\`11 ,a1-\E `\/Sb1WS /1,\hVS Z1 /\ V\Zg*
]\ZSY*WSE hb\ Sada SY1W , ,S/dD Z ]\]`\aSW ,a1f
,mybS S4 /\Y*D ˛*b1Y Sada ,Y1ab1 a \bg\Y S Y*b1O
`np /1,\hVS ,\j1W , V\YZ*bdE -/1 \Z* W13*W*D 13O
Z\ ,4q, 11 4* `dVdE \Z aV*4*WB w˙1,\hV*E -\,\`p b1+1B
,ab*ZnIx *V 31 +mWS ah*abWS,m `\/Sb1WSE V\-/* /1O
,\hV* ,ab*W* S Z*h*W* f\/SbnI *V Sada ,\aV`1aSW
/\hn *S`* L*`V* 9B66P68E 79P86C dVS \Z1hZ\E ,a1E V\-\ Sada ,\aV`1aSWE `*Z\ SWS
]\4/Z\ dY1`WSD \ obS aWdh*S ]\V*4m,*pbE hb\ 1-\O
,* f\h1b ,\aV`1aSbn dY1`jSf S \+q4*b1WnZ\ ob\ a/1O
W*1bD *V*q 4*Y1h*b1WnZ*q Z*/13/*I
˚ ˚ ˚& ˚"
55 S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ wY1`b,m1 ZSh1-\ Z1
4Z*pbxD \ 31 a*Y\1 Y\3Z\ +mW\ aV*4*bn S \ *4*`1
L'VVW14S*ab=B9MD˚-\aY1`bn+mW*]\f\3*Z*a\ZL\O
*ZZ* 55B55MD \V* *4*`n +mW , Y\-SW1E \Z wZSh1-\ Z1
4Z*WxD
56 ,S/1b1WqYS ,\aV`1a1ZSq *4*`q ab*WS YZ\-S1D
S+WSS 4*]Sa*Zm S /`d-S1 aWdh*SE V\-/* Vb\Ob\ ,\aV`1a*WD
`1/S,\aV`1ajSf+mWSY\W\/m1S]\3SWm1EYd3hSZmS31ZO
kSZmE S4`*SWnbqZ1 S Wp/S S4 /`d-Sf Z*`\/\,D + ob\Y ,m Y\31O
b1 ]`\hSb*bn , 5 *`1y 5;B5;P68C 6 *`1y 8B76P7;C 57B6>E 65C *be1q
6B;P56D
55D b\ -\,\`Sbaq , 'VVW14S*ab1 =B9 \ Y1`b,mf S V*V ob\ ]\Y\-*1b Z*Y
]\ZqbnE , V*V\Y a\ab\qZSS +mW *4*`nH
56D bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ ,\aV`1a1ZS1 *4*`q Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 +mW\H

Wnq ,\aV`1aSW amZ* ,/\,m
L5 *`1y 5;B5;P68M
]\ab\W 1b` ,\aV`1aSW
f`SabS*ZVd ]\ SY1ZS ˙\`V*
L˙1qZSq =B7:P86M
*V 31 `*/\,*WSan
`\/Zm1 S /`d4nq *4*`qE
V\-/* \Z +mW ,\aV`1j1ZI
L\*ZZ* 55B7

;: ˚ )H
˙*31 ]`\bS,ZSVS Sada* ]\ZSY*WSE hb\ ob\ +mW\ hdO
/\D *4*`n +mW aZ\,* 3S, P S ob\ /\V*4m,*W\E
hb\ ,\aV`1a1ZS1 Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 ]`\S4\jW\ L\*ZO
Z* 55B8;MD *4*`p ]`Sf\/SW\ YZ\-\ Wp/1yE V\b\`m1E
d,S/1, 1-\ 3S,mYE Z*hSZ*WS ,1`SbnE hb\ Sada +mW
]\aW*Z \-\YD \Z1hZ\E ob\ Z1 Z`*,SW\an ]`\bS,ZSO
V*YES]\ob\Yd\ZS4*/dY*WSd+SbnSSada*ES*4*O
`q L\*ZZ* 55B97C 56B=P55MD
57 Sada aV*4*WE hb\ w,a1 Z*f\/qkS1aq , ]*YqbZmf
aVW1]*fx +d/db ,\aV`1j1Zm L\*ZZ* 9B6

) ˚˚H ;;
59 *VS1 hd,ab,* ,m4m,*1b d ,*a YmaWn \ ,\aV`1a1O
ZSSH ˚aWS ,m ]\b1`qWS V\-\Ob\ S4 +WS4VSfE ,*aE Z*O
,1`ZqV*E +1a]\V\SbE +d/1b WS \Z ,\aV`1j 1ZD *V 31
db1jSb1WnZ\ 4Z*bnE hb\ 1-\,* \h1Zn f\h1bE hb\+m
dY1`jS1 aZ\,* Y\-WS 3SbnD b1]1`n /*,*yb1 d4Z*O
1YE hb ‹ \ , S+WSS -\,\`Sbaq \ b\YE Vb\ +d/1b ,\aV`1O
j 1ZS-/1\ZS+d/db3SbnD
w%" ˚ %•˙x
5: p/SE V\b\`m1 V\-/*Ob\ +mWS ,\aV`1j1ZmE Y\-O
WS aZ\,* 3Sbn S `*/\,*bnaq \+k1ZSp a a1Yn1y S
/`d4nqYSD , +d/dk1YH \WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nb1B d b1fE
Vb\ +d/1b ,\aV`1j*bnaqE 1abn ,\4Y\3Z\abn ,\\+k1
Z1 dYS`*bnD f 3/ 1b a\,a1Y /`d-\y YS` P +14 ,\yZE
]`1abd]Z\abSS+\W14Z1yD
5; b\ +d/1b ,\aV`1j1ZH Sada aV*4*WB wa1 Z*O
f\/qkS1aq , ]*YqbZmf aVW1]*f daWmj*b 1-\ -\W\a S
,my/dbx L\*ZZ* 9B6B57 b*VO
31 4*]Sa*Z\B w\`1 \b/*W\ Y1`b,mfE +m,jSf , Z1YE
SaY1`bnES-*/1a\b/*WSY1`b,mfE +m,jSf , ZSfxD
b*VE ,\aV`1aZdb YSWWS*`/m Wp/1yD ]\ab\W *,1W
aV*4*WE hb\ +d/db ,\aV`1j1Zm w]`*,1/Zm1 S Z1]`*O
,1/Zm1xD L`\hSb*yb1 ˙1qZSq 68B59DM V\YS/ 1b
`1hnH
5< w]`*,1/ZmYx Y\3Z\ \bZ1abS ,1`Zmf aWd3SO
b1W1y 1-\,mE V\b\`m1 3SWS /\ ]`Sf\/* SadO
a* `Sab* Z* 41YWpD 'b\E Z*]`SY1`E \yE ,`**YE
*``*E \Sa1yE den S 'aeS`nD /`d-Sf ,1`Zmf
5:D *V\y +d/1b 3S4Zn b1fE Vb\ ,\aV`1aZ1b Z* 41YW1H
5;D b\ +d/1b ,\aV`1j1ZH
5

;< ˚ )H
aWd3Sb1Wqf Y\3Z\ d4Z*bn S4 55Oy -W*,m SanY* 1,`1O
qYD a1 \ZS ]\aW1 ,\aV`1a1ZSq +d/db 3Sbn Z* 41YW1D
Y\3Z\ WS Z*4,*bn w]`*,1/ZmYSx ,1`Zmf aWd3Sb1O
W1y 1-\,mE V\b\`m1 dYS`*pb , Z*jS /ZSH ˙*E SE 4Z*O
hSbE \ZS b\31 +d/db ,\aV`1j1ZmD
`*p ,\aV`1ajS1 aY\-db aZ\,*
d,S/1bnaq a +WS4VSYS

) ˚˚H ;=
5= w1]`*,1/Zm1x P ob\ YSWWS*`/m Wp/1yE V\b\O
`m1 dY1`WSE Z1 SY1q ,\4Y\3Z\abS d4Z*bn \+ 1-\O
,1D 1-\,* Z1 4*+mW \ ZSfD Z ,\aV`1aSb SfE S b\-/*
d ZSf ]\q,Sbaq ,\4Y\3Z\abn d4Z*bn \ Z1Y S Z*h*bn
aWd3Sbn 1YdD
6> d/db WS ,\aV`1j1Zm ,a1 dY1`jS1H 1bD Sada
aV*4*WE hb\ ,\aV`1j*bnaq +d/db Z1 ,a1 Wp/S LdVS
56B9MD b\ `1j*1bE V\-\ ,\aV`1aSbnE * V\-\ Z1bH \O
bq \V\Zh*b1WnZ\1 `1j1ZS1 , ob\Y ,\]`\a1 ]`SZSY*O
1b 1-\,*E ]`*,\ ad/Sbn w3S,mf S Y1`b,mfx \Z
\b/*W Sadad L˙1qZSq 5>B86MD ˚aWS h1W\,1V ]`S4Z*O
1baq 4WmY S Z1 -\b\,mY Y1ZqbnaqE \Z Z1 +d/1b ,\aO
V`1j*bnaqD LY\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 5=DM
˚˚˚ ˝˛ ˚˚
65 S+WSS b*V31 4*]Sa*Z\E hb\ Z1V\b\`m1 Wp/S
+d/db ,\aV`1j1ZmE hb\+m 3Sbn Z* Z1+1D ZSE , \bWSO
hS1 \b b1fE Vb\ +d/1b 3Sbn Z* 41YW1E ab*Zdb /df\,ZmO
YS a\4/*ZSqYSD
66 Sada +mW ]1`,mYE Vb\ +mW ,\aV`1j1Z V 3S4O
ZS Z* Z1+1 L\*ZZ* 7B57MD 1-\,* ,\aV`1aSW Sada*
Z* b`1bSy /1Zn ]\aW1 aY1`bS La*W\Y 5:B5>C ˙1qZSq
57B78E 79MD Sada +mW ,\aV`1j1Z Z1 , eS4Sh1aV\Y b1W1E
* V*V Y\-dk1ab,1ZZ\1 /df\,Z\1 a\4/*ZS1 L5 \`SZO
eqZ*Y 59B7P:MD ]\ab\W 1b` aV*4*WE hb\ Sada +mW
w]`1/*Z aY1`bS , ]W\bSE Z\ \3S,W1Z , /df1x L5 1b`*
5=D b\ b*VS1 wZ1]`*,1/Zm1xH *V*q ,\4Y\3Z\abn ]\q,Sbaq d ZSfE
V\-/* \ZS +d/db ,\aV`1j1ZmH
6>D \h1Yd Z1V\b\`m1 Wp/S Z1 +d/db ,\aV`1j1ZmH
65E 66D *M b\ 4Z*hSb ,\aV`1aZdbn V 3S4ZS Z* Z1+1H +M b\ ]1`,mY
,\aV`1a V 3S4ZS Z* Z1+1H

˚ )H
7B5>> ,1`Zmf f`SabS*Z
d31 ,\aV`1j1Zm V 3S4ZS Z* Z1+1D ab*,jS1aq P V\O
b\`m1 1k13S,dbZ*41YW1P]\aW1aY1`bSa`*4d31
]\]*/*pb Z* Z1+\D b*VE f\bq +\WnjSZab,\ ,\aV`1aO
jSf +d/1b 3Sbn Z* 41YW1E Z1+\Wnj*q -`d]]* Wp/1y
+d/1b 3Sbn Z* Z1+1D
69 h1Zn aV\`\ 1-\,* \a,\+\/Sb Wp/1y S4 `*+O
ab,* aY1`bSC S aY1`bS d31 Z1 +d/1bD L`\hSb*yb1
a*SS 69B

˚ ˛ (˙˚•
˚
w\aW1/ZSy ,`*-E a V\b\`mY +d/1b ]\V\Zh1Z\EP
aY1`bnx L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 59B6:MD
b\ Y\31b db1jSbn Z*aE V\-/* Ym b1`q1Y V\-\Ob\
S4 +WS4VSfH
6\`SZeqZ*Y5B7E8
\-/* dYS`*1b Z*j +WS4VSy
/`d- SWS Vb\Ob\ S4 `\/ZmfE
Ym Y\31Y hd,ab,\,*bn a1+q
+1a]\Y\kZmYSD \ Z*a Y\31b
db1jSbn S+WSqD
a*Sq 69B

h1W\,1VE V\b\`m1 +d/db
3Sbn Z* Z1+1D

˚ H
% Wp/1y ,\ ,a1Y YS`1 4Z*pb Y\WSb,d
wbh1 Z*jxD ob\y Y\WSb,1 Sada ]\V*4*W dh1ZSO
V*YE \ h1Y Zd3Z\ Y\WSbnaqD ˙*,*yb1 `*aaY\b`SY 11
]\/`\+Z11 S d4Z*1YE ]\h1Yd Z* Z11 ab\Sb \+`*bSbn
,ZSY*ZS1D
6 Sada aV*4*WB w\ob\Yd Y\WSb1an b*VB t*j b1g
Z* Z1+1a*fE ]dabn a,qbSbaq b,\ 1 SYqD dabn ]`SO
/ 1b b,\ 1 g*`ab,\D dabn b,\q ,\Wq +d/1b S Z* 41YW1E
V*V Z* Z1+1rxD L`\hSb*yb1 *be1q :B=P57DM \h1Yd
Sada f\b1WE hb\+m , Z*jSf Y\WSb,*f 4,dh*WS obS
b`S ]`\an+mH LY\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 6>DM
7 md31d4Z*WS\+SY1ZS\-*S\1-\,\W1/WqWpO
/1y S 41YWSD \ hb\ SY1W , ,S/d SadaE V\-/* -\,\O
`SWB wdabn ]`S/ 1b b,\ 1 g*`ab,\xH ˙*,*yb1 \+ad/SYE
hb\ b*V\1 *`ab,\ \-*E h1-\ \Z\ /\abS-Z1b S V*V \Z\
\a,qbSb SYq \-*D
˚ H
8 1-\,* a\4/*W Z* Z1+1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ S Z*4Z*hSW
Sada* *`1YD S+WSS \Z\ Z*4m,*1baq *`ab,\Y
\-*D \+ Sada1 -\,\`SbaqE V*V \ w*`1 g*`ab,dpO
kSf S \a]\/SZ1 -\a]\/ab,dpkSfx L5 SY\e1p :B59MD
5D *Vdp S4,1abZdp Y\WSb,d Ym `*aaY\b`SYH
6D * V*VS1 b`S ]`\an+m \+`*bSW ,ZSY*ZS1 SadaE V\-/* dhSW Z*a Y\O
WSbnaqH
7D b\ Zd3Z\ 4Z*bn \ *`ab,1 \-*H
8D b\ b*V\1 *`ab,\ \-* S Vb\ 1-\ *`nH

˚ H >> g*`1yD b\ 31 obS g*`SH ]\ab\Wd \*ZO
Zd +mW\ /*Z\ ,S/1ZS1E , V\b\`\Y \Z d,S/1W obSf g*O
`1y ,Y1ab1 a Sada\YD \*ZZ aV*4*WE hb\ ob\ b1E d V\O
-\ wZ* W+d Z*]Sa*Z\DDD SYq Sada* S SYq 1-\ bg*xD
*V31 \Z /\+*,SWE hb\ \ZS waW1/dpb 4* )-Z1ZV\Y
b\ 1abn Sada\YE Vd/* +m \Z ZS j1WxD L`\hSb*yO
b1 bV`\,1ZS1 58B5E 8DM b*VE obS g*`S P ob\ 588 >>>
,1`Zmf \-d f`SabS*ZE V\b\`mf \- ]\ab*,SW wg*`O
ab,\,*bn Z*/ 41YW1yx ,Y1ab1 a Sada\YD \-/* obS
Wp/S dYS`*pbE \ZS ,\aV`1j*pbaq V 3S4ZS Z* Z1+1
LbV`\,1ZS1 9B5>MD 1-\,* Z*h*W a\+S`*bn obd -`d]]d
1k1a\,`1Y 1Z *]\ab\W\,D
5> b\YE hb\ ,Y1ab1 a `Sab\Y +d/db ]`*,Sbn WpO
/SE ,S/Z* 4*+\b* 1-\,mD Sada +d/1b f\`\jSY ]`*O
,Sb1W1YE ,1/n \Z ]\ZSY*1bE hb\ 4Z*hSb +mbn h1W\,1O
V\Y S hb\ 4Z*hSb ab`*/*bnD ]\ab\W *,1W Z*]Sa*WE
hb\ Sada Y\31b wa\hd,ab,\,*bn Z*jSY aW*+\abqYx
S hb\ \Z w+mW Sa]mb*Z ,\ ,a1YE ]\/\+Z\ Z*Yx L˚,`1O
qY 8B59C 9BD *V , b\YE hb\ Wp/nYS +d/db ]`*,Sbn Sada `Sab\a S 588 >>>E
,S/Z* Wp+\,n 1-\,mH

Oy
-W*,m ob\y VZS-S Ym d4Z*1Y +\Wnj1 \ *b*Z1 S /1Y\O
Z*fD
56 S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\E ,aV\`1 ]\aW1 b\-\
V*V Sada ab*W *`1Y \3n1-\ *`ab,*E \Z Z*h*W
,\1,*bn ]`\bS, *b*ZmD L`\hSb*yb1 bV`\,1ZS1
56B;P5>DM 5>OY abSf1 \]Sam,*pbaq /,* ,*3Zmf a\O
+mbSqD \O]1`,mfE *`ab,\ \-* Z*hSZ*1b ]`*,Sbn
S 1-\ *`1Y ab*Z\,Sbaq Sada `Sab\aD \O,b\`mfE
*b*Zd a+`*am,*pb a Z1+* Z* 41YWpD *V Ym d4Z*1Y
/*Wnj1E \+* obSf a\+mbSq d31 ]`\S4\jWSD
57 S+WSS 4*]Sa*Z\B w*/dyb1anE Z1+1a* S 3S,dO
kS1 Z* ZSfIx LbV`\,1ZS1 56B56MD *V 31 `*/\,*WSan
,1`Zm1 \-d *Z-1WmE V\-/* *b*Z* S 1-\ /1Y\Zm +mWS
a+`\j1Zm a Z1+*I 1]1`n ,\Wp \-* Sa]\WZqpb ,a1
a\4/*ZSq Z* Z1+1D ZS 3S,db , YS`1 S 1/SZab,1D
58 \ Z* 41YW1 a1yh*a ,a1 ]\O/`d-\YdD p/S \h1Zn
55D \h1Yd Sada dhSW Y\WSbnaqE hb\+m Z* Z1+1 Sa]\WZqW*an ,\Wq
\-*H
56D V*VSf /,df ,*3Zmf a\+mbSqf -\,\`Sbaq , bV`\,1ZSS 56B5>H
57D *V S4Y1ZSW*an aSbd*gSq Z* Z1+1E ]\aW1 b\-\ V*V \bbd/* +mW
a+`\j1Z *b*Z*H
58D b\ ]`\Saf\/Sb Z* 41YW1E S4O4* b\-\ hb\ *b*Z* +mW a+`\j1Z a
Z1+*H

˚ H

D \h1Yd Z*Y b*V Z1\+f\/SY\ *`ab,\ \-*H
65D *V +W*-\/*`q *`ab,d Sa]\WZSbaq ,\Wq \-* Z* 41YW1H

1f ]\` V*V *b*Z* S
/1Y\Zm +mWS a+`\j1Zm a Z1+*E
41YWq Z*]\WZSW*an ab`*/*ZSqYSD
\ aV\`\ \ZS 4*V\Zh*baq

=> ˚ )H
Z1 +d/db +\W1bn S dYS`*bnD W*-\/*`q ,mVd]d ,a1
]\aWdjZm1 Wp/S aY\-db 3Sbn ,1hZ\ , `*p Z* 41YO
W1 LbV`\,1ZS1 66B5P7MD Z*V\Z1gB *`ab,\ \a,qbSb
SYq \-*D 'b\ 4Z*hSbE hb\ ]\/ ]`*,W1ZS1Y *`ab,*
,a1 Wp/S +d/db hbSbn SYq 1-\,mD LY\b`Sb1 `SW\O
31ZS1 65DM
˙ ˚H
66 \-/* Sada +mW Z* 41YW1E \Z Z*dhSW a,\Sf
dh1ZSV\, Y\WSbnaqB wdabn ]`S/ 1b b,\ 1 g*`ab,\xD
4 obSf aW\, ,S/Z\E hb\ Z* b\b Y\Y1Zb *`ab,\ \-*
1k1 Z1 ]`SjW\E b\ 1abn 1-\,* 1k1Z1a\4/*Wa,\ 1
]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ S Z1 Z*4Z*hSW Sada* *`1YD Y\O
31bE Sada ab*W *`1YE a`*4d V*V b\WnV\ ,1`ZdWaq Z*
Z1+\H 1bE \Z 1k1V*V\1Ob\,`1Yq3/*WDbVd/*Ym
ob\4Z*1YH+ob\Y+mW\]`1/aV*4*Z\,a*WY155>B5D
*Y 4*]Sa*Z\E V*V 1-\,* -\,\`SbB wS/S ]\ ]`*,dp
`dVd \b Y1ZqE ]\V* q Z1 ]\W\3d b,\Sf ,`*-\, b1+1
]\/Z\-SxD*V\+lqaZSWS*]\ab\Wm1b` S *,1WE
66D bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ Sada Z1 +mW *`1YE ]\V* +mW Z* 41YW1E S
Z1 ab*W SY a`*4d ]\aW1 ,\aV`1a1ZSqH
\/ ]`*,W1ZS1Y *`ab,* Z* 41YW1 +d/1b
Sa]\WZqbnaq,\Wq\-*

˚ H =5
ob\ ]`\`\h1ab,\ \bZ\aSW\an V ,\aV`1aj1Yd Sadad
L˙1qZSq 6B76P79C ˚,`1qY 5>B56E 57MD ˛Z*hSbE /*31 ]\aW1
b\-\ V*V Sada ,\aV`1aE \Z 1k1V*V\1Ob\,`1Yq3/*WE
]\V* 1-\,* Z*4Z*hSb 1-\ *`1YD *V /\W-\ 1Yd Zd3O
Z\ +mW\ 3/*bnH
67 Sada `Sab\a ab*W *`1Y , 5=58 -\/d La*W\Y
55>B6MD Zb1`1aZ\E hb\ 1k1/\5=58-\/*\/Z*-`d]]*
SaV`1ZZSf f`SabS*Z ]\ZSY*W*E hb\ ob\b -\/E a\-W*aO
Z\ +S+W1yaVSY ]`\`\h1ab,*YE /\W31Z +mW ab*bn \a\O
+1ZZmYD \+mbSqE V\b\`m1 ]`\S4\jWS , YS`1 Z*hSO
Z*q a 5=58 -\/*E ]\V*4*WSE hb\ b1 f`SabS*Z1 Z1 \jS+O
WSanD b\ , ]1`,dp \h1`1/n a/1W*W SadaE V\-/* ,
5=58 -\/d ab*W *`1YH Z a+`\aSW *b*Zd Z* 41YWpD
b1]1`nE V*V -\,\`Sbaq , bV`\,1ZSS 56B56E ˙nq,\Wd
w\ab* 1baq Y*W\ ,`1Y1ZSxD ˛Z*hSbE /\ b\-\E V*V *`O
ab,\ Sa]\WZSb ,\Wp \-* Z* 41YW1E \ab*W\an a\,a1Y
Z1YZ\-\D aW1/dpk1y -W*,1 Ym d,S/SY 1k1+\Wnj1
/\V*4*b1Wnab,E hb\ Ym 3S, 1Y SY1ZZ\ , ob\b ]1`S\/D
LY\b`Sb1`SW\31ZS166DM
67D *M \-/* Sada ab*W *`1Y \3n1-\ *`ab,*H +M h1Y Ym d4Z*O
1Y S4 aW1/dpk1y -W*,mH

P ˚˚˚
˚&
wdabn ]`S/ 1b b,\ 1 g*`ab,\D dabn b,\q ,\Wq
+d/1b S Z* 41YW1E V*V Z* Z1+1x L*be1q :B=P57MD
b\ b*V\1 *`ab,\ \-*H
bV`\,1ZS1 55B59
*`ab,\ \-* P ob\ ]`*,SO
b1Wnab,\EV\b\`\1EZ*f\/qan
Z* Z1+1E +d/1b ]`*,Sbn ,a1y
41YW1yD
5SY\e1p:B59
Sada `Sab\a P *`n
\3n1-\ *`ab,*D
bV`\,1ZS1 58B5E 8
* Z1+1 ,Y1ab1 a Sada\Y +dO
/db ]`*,Sbn 588 >>> h1W\,1VD
˚,`1qY 8B59C 9B<
Sada S 1-\ a\]`*,Sb1WS
]\ZSY*pb Z*jS hd,ab,* S
4Z*pbE a V*VSYS b`d/Z\abqYS
Ym ab*WVS,*1YaqD
P %•
"• ˚&
wZ +d/1b ]`*,1/Z\ ad/Sbn +1/Zmfx La*Sq 55B8MD
\h1Yd Sada* Y\3Z\ Z*4,*bn a*YmY WdhjSY
]`*,Sb1W1YH
5SY\e1p:B5:
a1]`*,Sb1WSZ*41YW1`*Z\
SWS ]\4/Z\ dYS`*pbE Z\ Sada
Z1 dY`1b ZSV\-/*D a1E hb\ SO
ada a/1W*1b /Wq Wp/1yE +d/1b
,1hZ\ ]`SZ\aSbn ]\Wn4dD
a*Sq 55B6P8
Sada Y\31b a/1W*bn +\Wnj1E
h1Y Wp+\y /`d-\y ]`*,Sb1WnE
S \Z aSWnZ11 ,a1f ]`*,Sb1W1y
,Y1ab1 ,4qbmfD Z a]`*,1/WSO
,my S a\hd,ab,dpkSyD

=7
˙)
) )
w\- Z1+1aZmy dab*Z\,Sb g*`ab,\E V\b\`\1
ZSV\-/* Z1 +d/1b `*4`dj1Z\x L˙*ZSSW 6B88MD
1-\ d31 /\abS-W\ *`ab,\ \-*H b\ \Z\ a/1W*1b
, +d/dk1YH
bV`\,1ZS1 56B;P56
\aW1 b\-\ V*V , 5=58 -\/d
Sada ab*W *`1YE \Z a+`\aSW
*b*ZdaZ1+*Z*41YWpD\b
]\h1Yd Z* 41YW1 b*V YZ\-\
-\`qE +\WS S ab`*/*ZSyD
'VVW14S*ab
˛Wm1 Wp/S +d/db dZShb\31ZmD
bV`\,1ZS1 66B5P7
\/ ]`*,W1ZS1Y *`ab,*
\-* ZSVb\ Z1 +d/1b +\W1bn
SdYS`*bnDa1Wp/S+d/db
hbSbn SYq 1-\,mD

=
˙˚ ' H
w˝˚)Efd31d31+mbnZ1Y\31bIxPZ*,1`ZqV*
,m Z1 `*4 -\,\`SWS ob\ ]\aW1 ]`\aY\b`* Z\,\ab1yD
4O4* b\-\ hb\ YS` ab*W b*VSY 4WmY S 31ab\VSYE Z1O
V\b\`m1 Wp/S ahSb*pbE hb\ 1Yd aV\`\ /\W31Z ]`SyO
bSV\Z1gD\/1yab,Sb1WnZ\WSob\b*VH\31YWSYm
V*VOb\ d4Z*bnE hb\ 3/ 1b Z*a ,]1`1/SH ˙*D + ob\Y Z*Y
Y\31b `*aaV*4*bn \- 1-\,*D \bWShS1 \b Wp/1yE \Z
b\hZ\ 4Z*1bE hb \ ‹ +d/1b , +d/dk1YE S a\\+k*1b Z*Y \+
ob\Y , S+WSS La*Sq 8:B5>C *V\,* 8B58MD
6 \-/* Ym hSb*1Y , S+WSS \ b\YE hb\ YS`d ]`SO
/ 1b V\Z1gE ob\ Z1 \4Z*h*1bE hb\ +d/1b dZShb\31Z* Z*O
j* ]W*Z1b*D 'b\ \4Z*h*1bE hb\ +d/1b ]\V\Zh1Z\ a\
4W\YD Sada `Sab\a -\,\`SWE hb\ 41YW1y +d/1b ]`*O
,Sbn *`ab,\ \-* LdVS 8B87MD ˚-\ dh1ZSVS \h1Zn f\O
b1WS 4Z*bnE V\-/* ob\ *`ab,\ Z*hZ1b ]`*,SbnD \oO
b\Yd\ZSa]`\aSWSSada*Bw\-/*ob\+d/1bShb\
+d/1b]`S4Z*V\Yb,\1-\]`Sadbab,SqS4*,1`j1ZSq
aSab1Ym ,1k1yHx L*be1q 68B7MD Sada Z1 Z*4,*W b\hO
Zdp /*bdE Z\ `*aaV*4*W \ b\YE hb \+d/1b]`\Saf\/Sbn
‹
Z* 41YW1 ]`qY\ ]1`1/ V\Zg\YD
7 m 3S, 1Y V*V `*4 , ob\ ,`1Yq P ,`1Yq ]1`1/ V\ZO
g\YD ˙*,*yb1 `*aaY\b`SY /\V*4*b1Wnab,*D \ aZ*h*O
W* ,a]\YZSYE V*V a\+mbSqE ]`\Saf\/qkS1 a1-\/Zq Z*
41YW1E a,q4*Zm a ,\yZ\yE V\b\`*q ]`\S4\jW* Z* Z1+1D
5D bVd/* Y\3Z\ d4Z*bnE hb\ 3/ 1b Z*a , +d/dk1YH
6E 7D h1Y a]`\aSWS Sada* 1-\ dh1ZSVS S hb\ \Z SY \b,1bSWH

˙˚ ' H =9
•˚˚
8 4

=:
Z*hSZ*q a 5=58 -\/* , ,\yZ*f
]\-S+W\ +\W11 5>> YSWWS\Z\,
h1W\,1VD ˛* 5>> W1b L1aWS ahSO
b*bn a 5=>> -\/*M 31`b,*YS
,\yZ ab*W\ , 7 `*4* +\Wnj1 WpO
/1yE h1Y 4* 5= ]`1/m/dkSf ab\O
W1bSyD V\WnV\ 31 +\WS S ab`*O
/*ZSy ]`SZ1aW* YSWWS\Z*Y
Wp/1y ,\yZ*I
; \W\/D Sada aV*4*WB wdO
/1b -\W\/x L*be1q 68B;MD \O
bq a1-\/Zq ]`\/dVb\, ]Sb*ZSq
]`\S4,\/Sbaq +\Wnj1E h1Y V\-O
/*OWS+\E \-`\YZ\1 hSaW\ WpO
/1y -\W\/*1bD h1Y 31 ]`SO
hSZ*H Wp/1y WS+\ Z1b /1O
Z1-E WS+\ Z1b 41YWSE Z* V\b\`\y
Y\3Z\ hb\Ob\ ,m`*abSbnD \O
W11 YSWWS*`/* h1W\,1V 3SO
,db Y1Z11 h1Y Z* \/SZ /\WW*`
, /1ZnD \ /*ZZmY a1YS`Z\y
\`-*ZS4*gSS 4/`*,\\f`*Z1ZSqE
V*3/my -\/ ]\ ]`ShSZ*YE a,qO
4*ZZmY a Z1/\1/*ZS1YE dYS`*O
pb YSWWS\Zm /1b1yD
< ˛1YW1b`qa1ZSqD Sada
]`1/aV*4*WB wd/db aSWnZm1
41YW1b`qa1ZSqx LdVS 65B55MD

=;
h1Zm1 ]\/b,1`3/*pb ob\B
\ZS -\,\`qbE hb\ aSWnZm1
41YW1b`qa1ZSq +d/db ]`\Saf\O
/Sbn V*3/my -\/D 5=>> -\/* ,
`14dWnb*b1 41YW1b`qa1ZSy ]\O
-S+W\ a,mj1 /,df YSWWS\Z\,
h1W\,1VD \bq a\,`1Y1ZZm1
b1fZ\W\-SS ]\4,\Wqpb 4*`*O
Z11 \]`1/1WSbnE -/1 ]`\S4\yO
/ 1b 41YW1b`qa1ZS1E ]\O]`13O
Z1Yd ]\-S+*1b \h1Zn YZ\-\ WpO
/1yD
= \W14ZSD Sada ]`1/aV*O
4*WE hb\ w+d/db o]S/1YSSx P
\]*aZm1 4*+\W1,*ZSqE V\b\`m1
+d/db +mab`\ `*a]`\ab`*ZqbnO
aq S S4O4* V\b\`mf +d/1b dYSO
`*bn YZ\-\ Wp/1y LdVS 65B55MD
\bq ,`*hS Z*dhSWSan +\`\bnO
aq a\ YZ\-SYS 4*+\W1,*ZSqYSE
Z1V\b\`m1 +\W14ZS ]\O]`13O
Z1Yd \ab*pbaq Z1S4W1hSYmYSD
\/Z\Y\bh1b1 -\,\`SbaqE hb\
V*3/my -\/ YSWWS\Zm Wp/1y
dYS`*pb \b bd+1`VdW14*E Y*O
Wq`SS S f\W1`mD \W11 b\-\E 4*
]\aW1/ZS1 8> W1b ,`*hS \+Z*O
`d3SWS +\W11 7> Z\,mf 4*+\W1O
,*ZSyE Z1V\b\`m1 S4 V\b\`mf
Z1 ]\//*pbaq W1h1ZSpD

=< ˚ )H
˙ (˙
5> \ 6 SY\e1p 7B5P9 -\,\`SbaqB w ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZS
Z*abd]qb Z1\+mh*yZ\ b`d/Zm1 ,`1Y1Z*xD ]\ab\W
*,1W \]Sa*WE V*VSYS +d/db Wp/S , ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZSB
ˇ o-\SabShZmYS
ˇ Wp+qkSYS /1Zn-S
ˇ Z1]\aWdjZmYS `\/Sb1WqY
ˇ Z1,1`ZmYS
ˇ +14`*4WShZmYS V a,\SY
a1YnqY
ˇ Z1 SY1pkSYS
a*Y\\+W*/*ZSq
ˇ 31ab\VSYS S
*-`1aaS,ZmYS
ˇ Wp+qkSYS d/\,\Wnab,Sq
+\Wnj1E h1Y \-*
ˇ /1W*pkSYS ,S/E hb\
Wp+qb \-*E Z\ Z* a*Y\Y
/1W1 Z1]\aWdjZmYS 1Yd
55 *,1`ZqV* ,m a\-W*aSO
b1anE hb\ a1-\/Zq Z1 ]`\O
ab\ \b/1WnZm1 Wp/S ]`\O
q,Wqpb obS V*h1ab,*E *
,1an YS` ab*W b*VSYD \
\h1Zn aV\`\ \- ,a 1Sa]`*O
,SbD Z \+1k*1bB w\-/*
5>D *V Sa]\WZqpbaq aW\,* S4 6 SO
Y\e1p 7B5P9H
55D b\ ]`\S4\y/ 1b a\ 4WmYS
Wp/nYSE a\-W*aZ\ a*WYd =6B;H

˙˚ ' H ==
Z1h1abS,m1 `*4`*ab*pbaqE V*V b`*,*E S ,a1 /1W*pO
kS1 4W\ `*ag,1b*pb P ob\ /Wq b\-\E hb\+m Sf Sab`1O
+SWS b\ 1abn dZShb\3SWS Z*,1Vx La*W\Y =6B;MD
˚˙& ˚˙˚ ˙
56 \bq , S+WSS ]`1/aV*4m,*W\anE hb\ , ]\aW1/O
ZS1 /ZS YS` +d/1b ]\W\Z +\WS S ab`*/*ZSyE , Z1y b*VO
31 +mW\ \+1k*Z\ S hb\Ob\ f\`\j11D
57 \ZSY*ZS1 S+WSSD `\`\V ˙*ZSSW ]Sa*WE hb\
, ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZS wSabSZZ\1 4Z*ZS1 dYZ\3SbaqxE b\
1abn \- ]\Y\31b a,\SY aWd3Sb1WqY Wdhj1 ]\ZSO
Y*bn S+WSp L˙*ZSSW 56B8MD 'b\ ab*W\ \a\+1ZZ\ 4*O
Y1bZ\ a 5=58 -\/*D *]`SY1`E 1-\,* \+lqaZSW Z*Y
4Z*h1ZS1 a,\1-\ SY1ZSE 4*Yma1W , \bZ\j1ZSS 41YWSE
4Z*h1ZS1 ,mVd]*E `*aaV*4*W ]`*,/d \ aY1`bS S ,\aO
V`1a1ZSSD m d4Z*WSE hb\ b\WnV\ *`ab,\ \-* `1O
jSb ,a1 Z*jS ]`\+W1YmD m d4Z*WSE V*V ab*bn ah*abO
WS,mYS S V*V Zd3Z\ 3SbnE hb\+m ob\ Z`*,SW\an
\-dD b\YE hb\ /1W*pb aWd3Sb1WS \-*E ]\WdhS, b*O
VS1 4Z*ZSqE +mW\ 4*]Sa*Z\ 1k1 , \/Z\Y ]`\`\h1ab,1D
LY\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZSq 65 S 69DM
58 `\]\,1/n ]\ ,a1Yd YS`dD Sada aV*4*WE hb\ ,
]\aW1/ZS1 /ZS ]\ ,a1y \+Sb*1Y\y 41YW1 +d/1b ]`\O
]\,1/*Z* w+W*-*q ,1abn \ g*`ab,1x L*be1q 68B7E
58MD 1-\/Zq +W*-*q ,1abn \ *`ab,1 ]`\]\,1/d1bO
aq +\W11 h1Y , 67> ab`*Z*f S +\W11 h1Y Z* ;>> q4mO
V*fD \ ,a1y 41YW1 ,S/1b1WS 1-\,m wS4 ,a1f Z*gSy
S ]W1Y1Zx `*aaV*4m,*pb Wp/qY \ *`ab,1 \-* S
56E 57D b\ 1-\,* ]\Y\- Z*Y ]\Zqbn , ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZSH
58D *aV\WnV\ jS`\V\ ]`\]\,1/d1baq +W*-*q ,1abn \ *`ab,1 S Vb\
obSY 4*ZSY*1baqH

5>> ˚ )H
\ b\YE hb\ \Z\ a/1W*1b /Wq Wp/1y LbV`\,1ZS1 ;B=MD
ZS /1W*pb ob\ +1a]W*bZ\D 1aY\b`q Z* b\ hb\ YZ\O
-S1 Wp/S Z1Z*,S/qb ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m S ]`1aW1/dO
pb SfE ]`\]\,1/n +W*-\y ,1abS \ *`ab,1E V*V S ]`1/O
aV*4*W SadaE ZShb\ Z1 \ab*Z\,Sb LdVS 65B5;MD
˚ %H
59 \-W*aZm WS ,m a b1YE hb\ Ym 3S, 1Y , ]\O
aW1/ZS1 /ZSH ˙1yab,Sb1WnZ\E a1-\/Zq Sa]\WZqpbaq
YZ\-S1 ]`\`\h1ab,* \ ]\aW1/ZSf /ZqfD \,a1Y aV\O
`\ 1-\,* \ab*Z\,Sb ]`\]\,1/n +W*-\y ,1abSD w\-/*
]`S/ 1b V\Z1gx L*be1q 68B58MD w\Zg\Yx ab*Z1b `O
Y*-1//\Z P ,\yZ*E , V\b\`\y \- ]\V\ZhSb a\ 4W\YD
\ ,\W1 1-\,m Sada S 1-\ Y\-dk1ab,1ZZm1 *Z-1Wm
dZShb\3*b ,a1fE Vb\ \bV*4m,*1baq aWdj*bnaq \-*
L6 1aa*W\ZSVSyg*Y 5B:P=MD *b*Z* S /1Y\Zm +\Wnj1
ZSV\-\ Z1 aY\-db \+Y*ZdbnD p/SE V\b\`m1 4*f\bqb
aWdj*bnaq \-* S 3Sbn ]\/ ]`*,W1ZS1Y 1-\ *`ab,*E
d,S/qbE V*V Sa]\WZqbaq ,a1 \+1k*ZSq \-* LbV`\,1O
ZS1 6>B5P7C 65B7P9MD
5: S`E V\b\`mY ]`*,Sb *b*Z*E aV\`\ ]`S/ 1b V
V\ZgdD \ob\Yd ,*3Z\ a]`\aSbn a1+qB wb\ /\W31Z
/1W*bn qHx 1-\,* f\h1bE hb\+m ,m V*V Y\3Z\ WdhO
j1 d4Z*WS S+WSpD \ob\Yd V S4dh1ZSp S+WSS ab\O
Sb \bZ1abSan a1`n14Z\ L\*ZZ* 5;B7MD *3/dp Z1/1Wp
d ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m ]`\f\/qb a\,Y1abZm1 ,ab`1hSE
Z* V\b\`mf Y\3Z\ Wdhj1 d4Z*bn S+WSpD b*`*yb1an
]`Sf\/Sbn Z* obS ,ab`1hS `1-dWq`Z\D L`\hSb*yb1
59D *M \-W*aZmWS,mab1YEhb\Ym3S, 1Y , ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZSE S ]\h1O
YdH +M b\ +d/1b a b1YS Wp/nYSE V\b\`m1 +d/db aWdj*bnaq \-*E S a
b1YSE Vb\ Z1 +d/dbH
5:D b\ ,*Y Zd3Z\ /1W*bn , a,q4S a b1YE hb\ V\Z1g \h1Zn +WS4V\H

w'b* +W*-*q ,1abn
\g*`ab,1+d/1b
]`\]\,1/*Z* ]\ ,a1y
\+Sb*1Y\y 41YW1x
L*be1q 68B58M

5>6 ˚ )H
˚,`1qY 5>B68E 69DM ˚aWS ,m ]\ZqWSE hb\ ,*Y Zd3Z\
hb\Ob\ , a1+1 S4Y1ZSbnE Z1 +\yb1an ob\ a/1W*bnD \-O
/* ,*j* /`d3+* a 1-\,\y ab*Z1b 1k1V`1]h1L*V\O
,* 8B

˚ E
˙˚ ˙#˚
w) `*aaV*4m,*p a a*Y\-\ Z*h*W* \ b\YE hb\ +d/1b
, V\Zg1E S a /`1,ZSf ,`1Y 1Z P \ b\YE hb\ 1k 1
Z1 a/1W*Z\x La*Sq 8:B5>MD
b\ Z*Y S4,1abZ\ \ ]1`S\/1 ,`1Y1ZS ]1`1/ V\Zg\Y
ob\-\ YS`*H
˙*ZSSW ;B57E 58
5=58 -\/d Sada `Sab\a
ab*W *`1Y Z* Z1+1D
*be1q 68B7P58
Sada ]`1/aV*4*WE hb\ Z* 41YO
W1 Z*ab*Zdb b`d/Zm1 ,`1Y1Z*D
bV`\,1ZS1 56B;P=E 56
aV\`1 ]\aW1 b\-\ V*V Sada
ab*W *`1YE \Z a+`\aSW *b*O
Zd a Z1+1a Z* 41YWpD *b*Z* ,
q`\abSE ,1/nE /\ b\-\ V*V \-
WSjSb 1-\ ,W*abSE d Z1-\
w\ab* 1baq Y*W\ ,`1Y1ZSxD
% ˝ ˚ ˚˙˚ ˙
wb\ +d/1b ]`S4Z*V\YDDD 4*,1`j1ZSq aSab1Ym
,1k1yHx L*be1q 68B7MD
˛*Y1bSWS WS ,mE hb\ +S+W1yaVS1 ]`\`\h1ab,*
\ ]\aW1/ZSf /Zqf Sa]\WZqpbaq a1-\/ZqH
*be1q 68B;C dVS 65B55
Z*jS/ZSV*VZSV\-/*
`*Znj1 YZ\-\ ,\yZE 41YW1O
b`qa1ZSyE +\W14Z1y S /`d-Sf
]`\+W1YD
6SY\e1p7B5P9
p/S ,1/db a1+q b*VE V*V
]`1/aV*4m,*W *]\ab\W *,1WD
˙*ZSSW 56B8
Wd3Sb1WS \-* V*V ZSV\-/*
]`13/1 -Wd+\V\ ]\ZSY*pb
S+WSpD
*be1q 68B58
W*-*q ,1abn \ *`ab,1
]`\]\,1/d1baq ]\ ,a1y 41YW1D

5>8
˝ ˙˚& H
w˙1Zn 1-\,m ]`S/ 1b b\hZ\ b*VE V*V ,\` Z\hnpx
L5 1aa*W\ZSVSyg*Y 9B6MD
b\ b`1+d1baq \b ,*aH
\*ZZ* 5;B7
1`n14Z\ \bZ\aSb1an
V S4dh1ZSp S+WSSD
˚,`1qY 5>B68E 69
`Sadbab,dyb1 Z* ,ab`1h*f
a\+`*ZSq ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mD
*V\,* 8B<
/1W*yb1 Z1\+f\/SYm1
S4Y1Z1ZSq , 3S4ZSE hb\+m
ab*bn +WS31 V \-dD
dVS 65B78P7:
d/nb1 a\a`1/\b\h1ZZmYS
Z* aWd31ZSS \-dD

5>
˙ ˚ ˙˚
˚ f\h1bE hb\+m Ym 4Z*WS ]`*,/d \+ *Z-1W*fE ]\O
b\Yd hb\ \ZS P h*abn 1-\ a1YnSD S+WSq Z*4m,*1b *ZO
-1W\, wamZ\,nqYS \-*x L\, 7C
bV`\,1ZS1 9B55MD
7 Z-1Wm ]\q,SWSan 1k1 /\ a\b,\`1ZSq 41YWSD
VZS-1 \, `*aaV*4m,*1baqE hb\ *Z-1Wm \h1Zn `*/\O
,*WSanE ,S/qE V*V 1-\,* a\4/*,*W 41YWpD b\ ,`1Yq
*Z-1Wm ,a1 ,Y1ab1 P V*V \/Z* a1Ynq P aWd3SWS 1-\O
,1 L\, 7

5>: ˚ )H
1k 1 +\Wnj1 `*aab`*S,*1b b\E hb\ +\WnjSZab,\ Wp/1y
a1-\/Zqb\31Z1aWdj*pbaq1-\,dD\b]\h1Yd*ZO
-1Wm `*/dpbaqE V\-/* Vb\Ob\ S4 Wp/1y `*aV*S,*1baq
S]`Sf\/SbV\-dLdVS59B5>MD\Z1hZ\E*Z-1W\,]\O
\a\+1ZZ\Yd ,\WZd1b 3S4Zn b1fE Vb\ aWd3Sb \-dD b\O
+m ]\4*+\bSbnaq \ a,\Sf aWd3Sb1Wqf SWS 4*kSbSbn
SfE 1-\,* ]\amW*1b Z* ]\Y\kn *Z-1W\, L˚,`1qY 5B;E
58MD *aaY\b`SY Z1aV\WnV\ ]`SY1`\,D
w\y \- ]\aW*W a,\1-\ *Z-1W*E
hb\+m 4*V`mbn ]*abS Wn,\,x
L˙*ZSSW :B66M

˙ ˚ ˙˚ 5>;
9 1-\,* ]\aW*W /,df *Z-1W\,E hb\+m ]\Y\hn \bd S
1-\ a1Yn1 d+13*bnE V\-/* dZShb\3*WSan -\`\/* \/\Y
S \Y\``* LmbS1 5=B59E 5:MD \-/* ]`\`\V* ˙*ZSSW*
+`\aSWS , qYd a\ Wn,*YSE w\- ]\aW*W a,\1-\ *Z-1W*E
hb\+m 4*V`mbn ]*abS Wn,\,xD *V ˙*ZSSW +mW a]*a1Z
L˙*ZSSW :B66MD 1-\,* ]\aW*W *Z-1W*E hb\+m \a,\+\O
/Sbn *]\ab\W* 1b`* S4 bp`nYm L˙1qZSq 56B:P55MD \-O
/* Sada +mW Z* 41YW1E 1Yd b\31 ]\Y\-*WS *Z-1WmD
*]`SY1`E S+WSq -\,\`SbE hb\E a`*4d ]\aW1 b\-\ V*V
Sada V`1abSWaqE w*Z-1Wm aWd3SWS 1Ydx L*`V* 5B57MD
]`qY\ ]1`1/ V*4Znp \/SZ S4 *Z-1W\, wdV`1]SW 1-\x
LdVS 66B87MD
: 1-\/Zq *Z-1W\, Z1,\4Y\3Z\ d,S/1bnD \ \- ]`\O
/\W3*1b h1`14 ZSf ]\Y\-*bn Wp/qYD S+WSS aV*4*O
Z\B wZ-1W 1-\,m \f`*Zq1b +\qkSfaq ˚-\ S a]*a*1b
Sfx La*W\Y 78B;MD \h1Yd Z*Y Zd3Z* 4*kSb* *Z-1W\,H
\b\Yd hb\ d Z*a 1abn aSWnZm1 S 4Wm1 ,`*-SD b\ ob\H
bVd/* \ZSH V*VSY \+`*4\Y \ZS f\bqb Z*,`1/Sbn
Z*YH b\+m \b,1bSbn Z* obS ,\]`\amE /*,*yb1 ,a]\YO
ZSYE hb\ ]`\S4\jW\ ,aV\`1 ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V \- a\4/*W
/*Y* S ˚,dD
˚˙%˚
; *V Ym d4Z*WS S4 7Oy -W*,mE \/SZ *Z-1W ,\aO
ab*W ]`\bS, \-* P \Z 4*f\b1W ,W*abSD S+WSq Z*4mO
,*1b 1-\ *b*Z\y ˙nq,\W\Y LbV`\,1ZS1 56B=MD *b*Z*
f\b1WEhb\+mWp/Sb\31,\aab*WS]`\bS,\-*D˚Yd
d/*W\an \+Y*Zdbn ˚,dE * ]\b\Y S +\WnjSZab,\ Wp/1yE
9D *V *Z-1Wm ]\Y\-*WS aWd3Sb1WqY \-* , ]`\jW\YH
:D *M \h1Yd Y\3Z\ +mbn d,1`1ZZmYSE hb\ *Z-1Wm ]\Y\-*pb Z*Y a1O
-\/ZqH +M *VS1 ,\]`\am Ym a1yh*a `*aaY\b`SYH
;D h1Yd *b*Z* aVW\ZSW Wp/1yH

5>< ˚ )H
V\b\`m1 ab*WS 3Sbn Z* 41YW1D \ ,a1 31 Z1V\b\O
`m1 \ab*WSan ,1`ZmYS 1-\,1E Z*]`SY1` ,1WnE ˚Z\f
S \y L˚,`1qY 55B8E 9E ;MD
< \ ,`1Y1Z* \q Z1V\b\`m1 *Z-1Wm b\31 ,\aab*O
WS ]`\bS, \-*D ZS \ab*,SWS a,\y /\Y Z* Z1+1E a]dO
abSWSan Z* 41YWp S ]`SZqWS h1W\,1h1aVSy \+WSVD ˛*O
h1YH S+WSq -\,\`SbE hb\ \ZS 4*f\b1WS 31ZSbnaq Z*
31ZkSZ*fD L`\hSb*yb1 mbS1 :B6DM \ *Z-1W*Y ob\O
-\ /1W*bn +mW\ Z1Wn4q Ld/m :MD p/S ]\/ ,WSqZS1Y
obSf 4Wmf *Z-1W\, ab*WS `*4,`*k1ZZmYS S 31ab\VSO
YSD \ob\Yd 1-\,* `1jSW Z*,1abS Z* 41YWp ]\b\]E
hb\+mdZShb\3Sbn4WmfWp/1ySa]*abS,1`ZmfLmO
bS1 ;B5;E 67MD b\+m Z1 ]\-S+ZdbnE 4WmY *Z-1W*Y ]`SO
jW\an ,1`Zdbnaq Z* Z1+\D S+WSS \ZS Z*4m,*pbaq
/1Y\Z*YSD ˙1Y\Zm ]`Sa\1/SZSWSan V Yqb13d *b*Zm
S b*VSY \+`*4\Y ,m+`*WS ˙nq,\W* a,\SY ]`*,Sb1W1Y
L*be1q =B78MD
= 1-\,* Z1 ]`SZqW obSf Yqb13ZSV\, \+`*bZ\
, a,\p a1Ynp L6 1b`* 6B8MD \bq a1-\/Zq /1Y\Zm Z1
Y\-db ab*Z\,Sbnaq Wp/nYSE \ZS ]\O]`13Z1Yd ,,\/qb
w,4*+Wd3/1ZS1,ap\+Sb*1Ydp41YWpxLbV`\,1ZS1
56B=C 5 \*ZZ* 9B5=MD ˙*,*yb1 `*aaY\b`SYE V*V SY d/* 1bO
aq ,,\/Sbn , 4*+Wd3/1ZS1E SWS \+Y*Zm,*bnE b*V YZ\O
-\ Wp/1yD L`\hSb*yb1 6 \`SZeqZ*Y 6B55DM
˙˚% %( (˙˚•
5> p/S ,mf\/qb Z* a,q4n a /1Y\Z*YS WS+\ a*Y\ab\O
D b\ /1W*pb /1Y\ZmE hb\+m w]\yY*bnxE SWS \+Y*ZdbnE Wp/1yH

˙ ˚ ˙˚ 5>=
qb1WnZ\E WS+\ h1`14 V\-\Ob\ P j*Y*Z\, SWS oVab`*O
a1Za\,D ,q4n a /1Y\Z*YS Z*4m,*1baq /1Y\ZS4Y\YE
SWSE ]\O/`d-\YdE a]S`SbS4Y\YD S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE
hb\ Ym ZS , V\1Y aWdh*1 Z1 /\W3Zm ]`S+WS3*bnaq V
b\YdE hb\ a,q4*Z\ a /1Y\Z*YS L*W*b*Y 9B5=P65MD \O
h1YdH \b\Yd hb\ ob\ W\,djV*D *V 31 V*V \f\bZSV
Sa]\Wn4d1b `*4Zm1 ]`SY*ZVSE hb\+m ]\yY*bn 4,1O
`qE /1Y\Zm b\31 wW\,qbx Wp/1y Z* `*4Zm1 ]`SY*ZVSD
LY\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 6:DM
55 /Z* S4 ]`SY*Z\V /1Y\Z\, P ob\ -*/*ZS1D b\ b*O
V\1 -*/*ZS1H 'b\ Sa]\Wn4\,*ZS1 a,1`fl1ab1ab,1ZZ\y
aSWm a g1Wnp d4Z*bn hb\OZS+d/n \ +d/dk1Y SWS \ h1YO
b\ Z1S4,1abZ\YD *V Wp/S -*/*pbH 1V\b\`m1 -*/*O
pb ]\ 4, 14/*YE /`d-S1 ,1`qb , ]`SY1bmE b`1bnS -*O
/*pb Z* V*`b*fE * Vb\Ob\ ]\Wn4d1baq Y*-Sh1aVSY
j*`\Y SWS ]`1/aV*4m,*1b +d/dk11 ]\ WSZSqY `dVSD
Z\-S1 Wp/S ahSb*pbE hb\ obS 4*ZqbSq +14\+S/ZmE Z\
ob\ Z1 b*VD a1 ob\ \h1Zn \]*aZ\D `SY1`m S4 S+WSS
]\V*4m,*pbE hb\ ]`1/aV*4*b1WS +d/dk1-\ Z*]`qYdp
a,q4*Zm a /1Y\Z*YSD *VE , ˙1qZSqf 5:B5:P5< `*aaV*O
4m,*1baq \+ \/Z\y /1,djV1E , V\b\`\y +mW w/1Y\ZO
-*/*b1WnxD Z /*,*W 1y aSWd ]`1/aV*4m,*bn +d/dk11D
\-/**]\ab\W*,1WS4-Z*W/1Y\Z*E/1,djV*]\b1`qO
W* obd a]\a\+Z\abnD
56 ˚k1 \/Z* ]`SY*ZV*E V\b\`dp Sa]\Wn4dpb /1Y\O
ZmEP ob\ \+k1ZS1 a dY1`jSYSD ˙1Y\Zm f\bqbE hb\+m
Ym ]\,1`SWSE hb\ Y1`b,m1 ]`\/\W3*pb -/1Ob\ 3SbnE
55D b\ b*V\1 -*/*ZS1 S ]\h1Yd Z1Wn4q 4*ZSY*bnaq -*/*ZS1YH
56D *M \h1Yd ]mb*bnaq a,q4m,*bnaq a dY1`jSYS \]*aZ\H +M \h1Yd
aWd3Sb1WS \-* ZSV\-/* Z1 ab*Zdb dh*ab,\,*bn , Z1V\b\`mf ]\f\`\ZO
Zmf \+`q/*fH

˙&)
))
% ˙˚
ˇ 4+*,nb1an \b ,a1-\E hb\
a,q4*Z\ a V\W/\,ab,\YE
/1Y\Z*YSS,a1Y
a,1`fl1ab1ab,1ZZmYD
ˇ 4dh*yb1 S+WSpD
ˇ \WSb1an \-d 1-\,1D

˙ ˚ ˙˚ 555
hb\ \ZS Y\-db a Z*YS \+k*bnaq SWS Y\-db Z*O
,`1/SbnD 1V\b\`m1E ]\b1`q, +WS4V\-\ /`d-* SWS `\/O
ab,1ZZSV*E \+`*k*pbaq V Wp/qYE V\b\`m1 db,1`3/*O
pbE hb\ Y\-db \+k*bnaq a dY1`jSYSD ZSE ,\4Y\3Z\E
Y\-db `*aaV*4*bn hb\Ob\ \+ dY1`j1Y SWS /*31 -\O
,\`Sbn 1-\ -\W\a\Y L5 *YdSW* 6

556 ˚ )H
˙&) )) ˙˚
58 S+WSq dhSb Z*aE V*V Y\3Z\ S4+*,Sbnaq \b ,WSqO
ZSq /1Y\Z\,D *]`SY1`E , Z1y `*aaV*4m,*1baq \ 3Sb1O
Wqf -\`\/* 'e1aE V\b\`m1E /\ b\-\ V*V d4Z*bn SabSZd \
\-1E \+k*WSan a /1Y\Z*YSD *V SY d/*W\an \a,\+\O
/Sbnaq \b ,WSqZSq /1Y\Z\,H ˙1qZSqf 5=B5= 4*]Sa*O
Z\B w4 4*ZSY*,jSfaq Y*-S1y /\,\WnZ\ YZ\-S1 a\+`*O
WSa,\SVZS-SSa\3-WSSf]1`1/,a1YSxDZSf\b1WS
ab*bn f`SabS*Z*YSE S ]\ob\Yd dZShb\3SWS a,\S VZS-S
]\ Y*-SSD ˚aWS a1-\/Zq Vb\Ob\ f\h1b ab*bn aWd3Sb1W1Y
1-\,mE 1Yd Z1\+f\/SY\ a/1W*bn b\ 31 a*Y\1 P S4+*O
,Sbnaq \b ,a1-\E hb\ a,q4*Z\ a /1Y\Z*YSD 'b\ Y\-db
+mbn VZS-SE 3d`Z*WmE -\`\aV\]mE eSWnYmE Yd4mV*E S-O
`m SWS ]W*V*bm P ,a1E S4O4* h1-\ V\W/\,ab,\E \+k1ZS1
a /1Y\Z*YS SWS a,1`fl1ab1ab,1ZZm1 q,W1ZSq V*3dbaq
SZb1`1aZmYS S +14\+S/ZmYSD p/* Y\3Z\ b*V31 \bO
Z1abS ]`1/Y1bmE V\b\`m1 Sa]\Wn4dpbaq V*V 4*kSb* \b
4W* L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 5>B65MD
59 ˙*31 a]dabq -\/m ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V f`SabS*Z1
S4 'e1a* S4+*,SWSan \b VZS- ]\ Y*-SSE *]\ab\W *O
,1W ]`S4m,*W Sf ]`\/\W3*bn ,1abS +\`n+d a\ w4WmO
YS /df\,ZmYS aSW*YSx L'e1aqZ*Y :B56MD \h1YdH \b\O
Yd hb\ /1Y\Zm ]\O]`13Z1Yd ]mb*WSan Z*,`1/Sbn SYD
b\ 1k1 obSY f`SabS*Z*Y Zd3Z\ +mW\ /1W*bnH ]\aO
b\W *,1W Z*]Sa*WB w\4nYSb1 +\Wnj\y kSb ,1`mE
V\b\`mY ,m aY\31b1 ]\-*aSbn SWS \ab*Z\,Sbn ,a1
-\`qkS1 ab`1Wm ˛W\-\x L'e1aqZ*Y :B5:MD \/\+Z\ b\Yd
V*V kSb 4*kSk*1b ,\SZ*E Z*a +d/1b 4*kSk*bn Z*j*
,1`*D ˚aWS Ym b, 1`/\ ,1`SY , b\E hb\ 1-\,* adY11b
58D *VE ]\/\+Z\ f`SabS*Z*Y S4 'e1a*E Y\3Z\ S4+*,Sbnaq \b ,WSqO
ZSq /1Y\Z\, a1-\/ZqH
59D b\ 1k1 Z*Y Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE hb\+m /*bn \b]\` *b*Z1 S /1Y\Z*YH

˙ ˚ ˙˚ 557
Z*a 4*kSbSbnE Ym aY\31Y /*bn \b]\` *b*Z1 S /1Y\O
Z*Y L*be1q 5;B6>MD
5: b\ ]\Y\31b Z*Y dV`1]Sbn ,1`d , 1-\,dH 1\+O
f\/SY\ V*3/my /1Zn hSb*bn S+WSp S dhSbnaq /\,1O
`qbn 1-\,1D \-/* *b*Z* S /1Y\Zm Z1 aY\-db Z*Y Z*O
,`1/Sbn L5 \*ZZ* 9B9MD
5; 'e1a +mW -\`\/\YE ]\WZmY /1Y\ZS4Y*E ]\ob\Yd
*]\ab\W *,1W a\,1b\,*W 3S,jSY , Z1Y f`SabS*O
Z*Y Y\WSbnaq w,aqVSy `*4x L'e1aqZ*Y :B5

˚% P
%&)
wW*-\aW\,Sb1 1-\,dE *Z-1Wm 1-\E V`1]VS1
aSW\yx La*W\Y 5>7B6>MD
b\ Z*Y S4,1abZ\ \+ *Z-1W*fH
\, 7
Z-1W\, ]\O\a\+1ZZ\Yd
,\WZd1b 3S4Zn b1fE Vb\
aWd3Sb \-dD
˚% (
˝˚) H
wZ-1W 1-\,m \f`*Zq1b +\qkSfaq ˚-\ S a]*a*1b
Sfx La*W\Y 78B;MD
bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ *Z-1Wm Y\-db ]\Y\-*bn Wp/qYH
mbS1 5=B59E 5:C ˙*ZSSW :B66C
dVS 66B87C ˙1qZSq 56B:P55
Z-1Wm ]\Y\-*WS \bdE ˙*ZSSO
WdE Sadad S 1b`dD
˚,`1qY 5B;E 58
1-\/Zq 1-\,* b\31 ]\amW*1b
*Z-1W\,E hb\+m ]\4*+\bSbnaq \
a,\Sf aWd3Sb1Wqf SWS 4*kSO
bSbn SfD

559
˛%˚ ˚% )
˚˙&
wb\+m Z1 ]1`1fSb`SW Z*a *b*Z*E ]\b\Yd hb\
Ym Z1 Z*f\/SYaq , Z1,1/1ZSS \ 1-\ dYmaW*fx
L6 \`SZeqZ*Y 6B55MD
b\ b*VS1 /1Y\Zm S ]\h1Yd Y\3Z\ aV*4*bnE hb\ \ZS
\]*aZmH
bV`\,1ZS1 56B=
/SZ S4 *Z-1W\, ,\aab*W
]`\bS, 1-\,mD S+WSq
Z*4m,*1b 1-\ *b*Z\yD
mbS1 :B6
\ ,`1Y1Z* \q Z1V\b\`m1
*Z-1Wm b\31 ,\aab*WS ]`\bS,
\-* S a]dabSWSan Z* 41YWpD
*be1q =B78
'bS *Z-1Wm ]`Sa\1/SZSWSan
VYqb13d*b*ZmD*V\ZSab*WS
/1Y\Z*YSD
b\`\4*V\ZS1 5E 55
˙1Y\Zm \+Y*Zm,*pb Wp/1y
S ]mb*pbaq Z*,`1/Sbn SY
a*YmYS `*4ZmYS a]\a\+*YSD
% ˝˚˚ ˙&
˚ ˙˚
w`\bS,\ab*Znb1 ˙nq,\WdE S \Z d+13Sb \b ,*ax
L*V\,* 8B;MD
b\ Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE hb\+m 1-\,* ]\Y\-*W ,*Y ]`\bSO
,\ab\qbn *b*Z1 S /1Y\Z*YH
˙1qZSq 5=B5=
4+*,nb1an \b ,a1-\E hb\ a,q4*O
Z\ a /1Y\ZS4Y\YE , b\Y hSaW1 \b
b\-\E hb\ ]`1/ab*,Wq1b V\W/\,O
ab,\E /1Y\Z\, S a,1`fl1ab1O
ab,1ZZm1 q,W1ZSq h1YOb\ +1O
4\+S/ZmY S ]`S,W1V*b1WnZmYD
'e1aqZ*Y :B5:E 5<
V`1]Wqyb1 ,1`dE S4dh*q S+O
WSp S Y\Wqan \-d \ 4*kSb1D
`SbhS 5
\WSb1an 1-\,1E \+`*k*qan
VZ1Yd]\SY1ZSD

55
˚ ˚ ˛H
`*4`dj*1b g1Wmy -\`\/D \\`d31ZZmy h1O
W\,1V ]`Sf\/Sb , b\`-\,my g1Zb` S `*aab`1WS,*1b
Wp/1yD *bn ]qb1`mf /1b1y dYS`*1b \b `*V*D
6 \-/* Wp/S aWmj*b \ b*VSf Z1ah*abnqf S +1/ab,SO
qfE d ZSf ,\4ZSV*1b ,\]`\aB w\h1YdHx f +1a]\V\SbE
]\h1Yd , YS`1 ab\WnV\ Z1Z*,SabS S ab`*/*ZSyD ˛*/*O
,*WS WS ,m a1+1 b*V\y ,\]`\aH
7 4 S+WSS Ym d4Z* 1YE hb\ ]\/\+Zm1 ,\]`\am 4*/*O
,*WS /*31 b1 Wp/SE d V\b\`mf +mW* V`1]V*q ,1`* , \O
-*D *]`SY1`E ]`\`\V ,,*VdY a]`*jS,*W 1-\,dB w\O
h1Yd bm /* 1jn YZ1 ,S/1bn 4W\ S aY\b`Sjn Z* Z1ah*O
abn1H \h1Yd ]1`1/\ YZ\y -`*+ 13 S Z*aSWS1H \h1Yd
]`\Saf\/qb aa\`m S a1pbaq `*4/\`mHx L,,*VdY 5B7MD
8 ,,*VdY*6B6E74*]Sa*Z\Ehb \\-\b,1bSWob\O
‹
Yd ]`\`\VdD \W11 b\-\E \- ]\\+1k*W ,,*VdYd SaO
]`*,Sbn aSbd*gSpD S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ 1-\,*
\h1Zn Wp+Sb Wp/1yD Z1y 4*]Sa*Z\B wZ 4*+\bSbaq \
,*ax L5 1b`* 9B;MD * a*Y\Y /1W1E \- Z1Z*,S/Sb 4W\ S
ab`*/*ZSq /*31 +\Wnj1E h1Y YmD \-/* ]\h1Yd , YS`1
b*V YZ\-\ 4W*H ˙*,*yb1 d4Z*1Y \b,1b S4 S+WSSD
˚ (˙ ˙(H
9 Z\-S1 a,qk1ZZSVS S `1WS-S\4Zm1 dhSb1Wq -\,\O
5E 6D b\ +1a]\V\Sb YZ\-Sf Wp/1yH
7E 8D *M *VS1 ,\]`\am ,,*VdY 4*/*W 1-\,1H +M b\ \b,1bSW 1Yd
1-\,*H
9D b\ -\,\`qb YZ\-S1 a,qk1ZZSVSE V\-/* ]`\Saf\/qb Z1ah*abnqH b\
\ Z1ah*abnqf -\,\`Sbaq , S+WSSH

˚ ˚ ˛H 55;
`qbE hb\ Wp/S ab`*/*pbE ]\b\Yd hb\ b*V\,* ,\Wq \-*D
˙`d-S1 db,1`3/*pbE hb\ \- 4*`*Z11 `1j*1bE V*VS1
a\+mbSq S /*31 Z1ah*abnq ]`\S4\y/db , 3S4ZS h1W\O
,1V*E S hb\ h1W\,1V ZSV\-/* Z1 aY\31b ]\ZqbnE ]\h1O
Yd a ZSY ob\ ]`\S4\jW\D b`1bnS -\,\`qbE hb\ Wp/SE
, b\Y hSaW1 S /1bSE dYS`*pbE ]\b\Yd hb\ \- 4*+S`*O
1b Sf V a1+1 Z* Z1+\D \ ,a1ob\W\3nD1-\,*Z1Y\31b
+mbn ]`ShSZ\y Z1ah*abSyD S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w1
Y\31b SabSZZmy \- ]\abd]*bn Z1h1abS,\ S a1Y\-dO
kSy /1yab,\,*bn Z1a]`*,1/WS,\Ix L\, 78B5>MD
: Z\-S1 Wp/S ahSb*pbE hb\ ,\ ,a1f +1/*f Z* 41YW1
,SZ\,1Z \-EP \ZS /dY*pbE hb\ ob\ \Z ]`*,Sb YS`\YD
\E V*V Ym d4Z*WS S4 7Oy -W*,mE Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 YS`\Y
]`*,Sb *b*Z*D
; S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ w,1an YS` W13Sb ,\
,W*abS ˛W\-\x L5 \*ZZ* 9B5=MD `*,Sb1Wn YS`*E *b*O
Z* ˙nq,\WE \h1Zn 31ab\VSyD Z ,,\/Sb w, 4*+Wd3/1O
ZS1,ap\+Sb*1Ydp41YWpxLbV`\,1ZS156B=MD4O4*
1-\ ,WSqZSq YZ\-S1 Wp/S b\31 ab*Z\,qbaq 31ab\VSO
YSD 'b\ \/Z* S4 ]`ShSZE ]\h1Yd , YS`1 ab\WnV\ W3SE
Z1Z*,SabS S Z*aSWSqD
< dk1ab,dpb S /`d-S1 ]`ShSZmD \aW1 b\-\
V*V /*Y S ˚,* ,\aab*WS ]`\bS, \-*E \ZS ]1`1O
ab*WS+mbna\,1`j1ZZmYSS]1`1/*WS-`1fa,\SY]\O
b\YV*YD `1f P ob\ 1k1 \/Z* ]`ShSZ* Z1ah*abSyD 4O
4* b\-\E hb\ Wp/S -`1jZm1E \ZS a\]1`ZSh*pb /`d- a
/`d-\YE +\`pbaq 4* ,W*abnE ,\ppb S ]`Sb1aZqpb
/`d- /`d-* L'VVW14S*ab 8B5C

55< ˚ )H
'b\ 4Z*hSbE hb\ h1W\,1V Y\31b ]\]*abn , +1/dE ]`\O
ab\ \V*4*,jSan , Z1]\/f\/qk1Y Y1ab1 , Z1]\/f\/qO
k11 ,`1YqD
= 1-\,* Z1 /1W*1b Wp/qY 4W*D Z Z1 ,SZ\,1Z , b\YE
hb\ Wp/S a\,1`j*pb ]`1abd]W1ZSqE ,\ppb S d-Z1b*O
pb /`d- /`d-*D *V31 \Z Z1 ,SZ\,*b , b\YE hb\ ]`\Saf\O
/qb 41YW1b`qa1ZSqE d`*-*ZmE Z*,\/Z1ZSq S /`d-S1
+1/ab,SqD ,a1 31 ,*a Y\31b ,\WZ\,*bn ,\]`\aB w˚aO
WS 1-\,* P a1Y\-dkSyE ]\h1Yd \Z Z1 ]\V\ZhSb a\
4W\YHx S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ \- \h1Zn Wp+Sb Z*aD
˛Z*hSbE d Z1-\ /\W3Z* +mbn a1`n14Z*q ]`ShSZ*E ]\h1O
Yd \Z /\]daV*1bE hb\+m Ym ab`*/*WS L5 \*ZZ* 8B '/1YaV\Y a*/d *b*Z* \+Y*ZdW /*Y* S ˚,dD Z
4*q,SWE hb\ 1-\,* P ]W\f\y ]`*,Sb1WnD *b*Z* aV*O
4*WE hb\ \- aV`m,*1b \b ZSf hb\Ob\ f\`\j11D ˙nq,\W
f\b1W d+1/Sbn Wp/1y , b\YE hb\ \Z +d/1b ]`*,Sbn WdhO
j1 1-\,m S hb\ Wp/qY Z1 Zd31Z \- LmbS1 7B6P9C
aY\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 6;MD
55 /*Y S ˚,* ]\jWS ]`\bS, 1-\,m S ]1`1ab*O
WS 1-\ aWdj*bnaqD ZS ]\/dY*WSE hb\ Y\-db a*YS `1O
j*bnE hb\ f\`\j\E * hb\ ]W\f\D *V 1-\,* Y\- /\V*O
4*bnE hb\ \ZS Z1]`*,m S hb\ b\WnV\ \Z 4Z*1bE V*V a/1O
W*bn Z*a ah*abWS,mYSH
56 1-\,* Z1 ab*W dZShb\3*bn /*Y* S ˚,dE ]\b\Yd
=D \h1Yd Ym Y\31Y +mbn d,1`1ZmE hb\ d \-* 1abn a1`n14Z*q ]`ShSO
Z*E ]\ V\b\`\y \Z /\]daV*1b ab`*/*ZSqH
5>D b\ *b*Z* aV*4*W \+ 1-\,1H
55D * V*V\y ,\]`\a Z*Y Zd3Z\ 4Z*bn \b,1bH
56E 57D *M \h1Yd 1-\,* Z1 ab*W dZShb\3*bn /*Y* S ˚,dH +M \h1O
Yd 1-\,* /\]dabSWE hb\+m *b*Z* ab*W ]`*,Sbn YS`\Y S hb\+m WpO
/S a\4/*WS a,\S ]`*,Sb1Wnab,*H

˚ ˚ ˛H 55=
hb\ ]\ 1-\ 4*YmaWd Z* 41YW1 /\W3Zm +mWS 3Sbn a\O
,1`j1ZZm1 Wp/SD \- ]\4,\WSWE hb\+m d /*Y* S ˚,m
]\q,SWSan /1bSE V\b\`m1 b\31 Y\-WS +m ,m+`*bnE V\O
Yd ]\/hSZqbnaqD *VSY \+`*4\YE Z1aY\b`q Z* ,a1 ]\O
]mbVS ˙nq,\W* ]\Y1j*bn \-dE 4*Yma1W \-* ,a1`*,O
Z\ Sa]\WZSWaq +m LmbS1 5B6E 55MD
57 *b*Z* \VW1,1b*W 1-\,d Lb\ 1abn aV*4*W \ Z1Y
Z1]`*,/dM ]1`1/ YSWWS\Z*YS *Z-1W\, L\, 7MD b\+m *b*Z* ]\]`\+\,*W /\V*4*bn a,\p
]`*,\bdE 1-\,* /*W 1Yd ,`1YqD *V31 \- /*W ,`1Yq
Wp/qYE hb\+m \ZS ]\/ `dV\,\/ab,\Y *b*Zm a\4/*WS
a,\S ]`*,Sb1Wnab,* S ]\]mb*WSan /\V*4*bnE hb\ Y\O
-db a*YS f\`\j\ d]`*,Wqbn a\+\y S hb\ \- SY Z1 ZdO
31ZD
58 maqhS W1b Wp/S ]mb*WSan d]`*,Wqbn a\+\yE Z\ d
ZSf Z1 ]\Wdh*W\an /1W*bn ob\ f\`\j\D \ ,`1Y1Z1Y
ab*W\ qaZ\E hb\ *b*Z* P W31g S hb\ +14 ]\Y\kS \-*
Wp/S Z1 Y\-db da]1jZ\ ]`*,Sbn /`d- /`d-\YD \b hb\
\+ ob\Y Z*]Sa*W ]`\`\V 1`1YSqB w˛Z*pE \ 1-\,*E
hb\ Z1 ,\ ,W*abS h1W\,1V* 1-\ ]dbnD 1 Y\31b S/dkSy
Z*]`*,Wqbn a,\S j*-Sx L1`1YSq 5>B67MD
˚ ˙H
59 \h1Yd 1-\,* /\]dabSWE hb\+m Wp/S ab`*/*WS
b*V /\W-\H \h1Yd \Z Z1 ]\W\3Sb ob\Yd V\Z1gH \b\O
Yd hb\ ,a1Y /\W3Z\ +mW\ ab*bn ]\ZqbZ\E hb\ ]`*,W1O
ZS1 ˙nq,\W* Z1 +d/1b SY1bn da]1f*E * /Wq ob\-\ Zd3O
Z\ +mW\ ,`1YqD p/S ]`\+\,*WS `*4WShZm1 e\`Ym
58D b\ ]\V*4*W\ ,`1YqH
59E 5:D *M \h1Yd 1-\,* /\]dabSWE hb\+m Wp/S ab`*/*WS b*V /\W-\H
+M \h1Yd 1-\,* a1-\/Zq Z1 `1j*1b ]`\+W1YmE ,\4ZSV*pkS1 S4O4*
]`*,W1ZSq *b*ZmH

56> ˚ )H
]`*,W1ZSqE Z\ SY ZSV\-/* Z1 d/*,*W\an f\`\j\
d]`*,Wqbn a\+\yD 1aY\b`q Z* b\ hb\ Z*dV* S b1fZSV*
/\abS-W* YZ\-\-\E , YS`1 ,a1+\Wnj1S+\Wnj1Z1O
a]`*,1/WS,\abSD m ,S/SY +1/Z\abnE ]`1abd]Z\abn S
,\yZmD p/S Z1 Y\-db da]1jZ\ d]`*,Wqbn a\+\y +14
\-*D
5: \h1Yd 1-\,* a1-\/Zq Z1 `1j*1b ]`\+W1YmE ,\4O
ZSV*pkS1 S4O4* ]`*,W1ZSq *b*ZmH \b\Yd hb\E 1aWS
+m 1-\,* ob\ /1W*WE ob\ \4Z*h*W\ +mE hb\ \Z ]\Y\-*O
1b *b*Z1D `\Y1 b\-\E 1aWS +m \- `1j*W ,a1 ]`\+W1O
YmE Wp/S Y\-WS +m ]\/dY*bnE hb\ d ZSf a*YSf f\`\j\
]\Wdh*1baq d]`*,Wqbn a\+\yD , b\YE S , /`d-\Y aWdO
h*1\-]\//1`3S,*W+mW\3nD\\ZZ1ab*Z1bob\-\
/1W*bnE ]\b\Yd hb\ ZSV\-/* Z1 W31b L˚,`1qY :B5

˚ ˚ ˛H 565
5< 1-\,* Z1 4*ab*,Wq1b Z*a ]\/hSZqbnaq 1Yd
V*V ]`*,Sb1WpD Z ]\/*`SW Wp/qY g1ZZmy ]\/*`\V P
a,\+\/d ,\WSD ˙*,*yb1 d4Z*1YE hb\ ob\ \4Z*h*1bD
˚ %H
5= \bWShS1 \b 3S,\bZmfE V\b\`m1 3S,dbE ]\/O
hSZqqan SZabSZVb*YE d Wp/1y 1abn a,\+\/* ,\WSE b\
1abn Ym Y\31Y a*YS `1j*bnE V*V Z*Y 3Sbn L`SbhS
7>B68MD b Z*a a*YSf 4*,SaSbE +d/1b WS Z*j \+`*4 3S4O
ZS `*/\,*bn 1-\,dD m Z1 `\+\bmE V\b\`m1 ]\abd]*O
pb b\WnV\ b*VE V*V Sf 4*]`\-`*YYS`\,*WSD 1-\,* f\O
b1WE hb\+m 3S4Zn ]`SZ\aSW* Z*Y `*/\abnE ,\b ]\h1O
Yd \Z `*4`1jSW Z*Y a*YSY `1j*bnE V*VSYS Wp/nYS
+mbnE a V1Y /`d3SbnE h1Y 4*ZSY*bnaq , 3S4ZSD
6> 1-\,* f\h1bE hb\+m Ym 1-\ Wp+SWS L*be1q
66B7;E7E 65D *V\y ]dbn 3S4ZS a*Ymy WdhjSyH

˚ ˚ )˚
(˙) ˙)
w1 Y\31b SabSZZmy \- ]\abd]*bn Z1h1abS,\ S
a1Y\-dkSy /1yab,\,*bn Z1a]`*,1/WS,\Ix
L\, 78B5>MD
\h1Yd , YS`1 b*V YZ\-\ ab`*/*ZSyH
5\*ZZ*9B5=
S`\Y ]`*,Sb *b*Z* ˙nq,\WD
'VVW14S*ab

567
%
˛& ˝&(
w˛Z*pE \ 1-\,*E hb\ Z1 ,\ ,W*abS h1W\,1V* 1-\
]dbnD 1 Y\31b S/dkSy Z*]`*,Wqbn a,\S j*-Sx
L1`1YSq 5>B67MD
\h1Yd 1-\,* /\]daV*1bE hb\+m Wp/S ab`*/*WS
b*V /\W-\H
a*Sq 99B=
p/S ]`\+\,*WS `*4WShZm1
e\`Ym ]`*,W1ZSqE Z\ SY
ZSV\-/* Z1 d/*,*W\an f\`\j\
d]`*,Wqbn a\+\yD
61b`*7B=E5>
1-\,* ]`\q,Wq1b b1`]1ZS1D
'b\ /* 1b Wp/qY ,\4Y\3Z\abn
d4Z*bn \ Z1Y S ,m+`*bn 1-\
a,\SY ]`*,Sb1W1YD
5\*ZZ*7B<
Sada dab`*ZSb ,a1 ]\aW1/abO
,Sq Yqb13* *b*ZmD
%˚˚ "˚˚ P
˝˚ ˚˚
wd/n Yd/`E amZ Y\yDDD hb\+m q Y\- \b,1h*bn
b\YdE Vb\ d]`1V*1b Y1Zqx L`SbhS 6;B55MD
\h1Yd 1-\,* Z1 4*ab*,Wq1b Z*a aWd3Sbn 1YdH
`SbhS 7>B68
\bWShS1 \b 3S,\bZmfE
V\b\`m1 3S,dbE ]\/hSZqqan
SZabSZVb*YE d Z*a 1abn
a,\+\/* ,\WSD m Y\31Y a*YS
`1j*bnE aWd3Sbn \-d SWS Z1bD
*be1q 66B7;E 7<
1-\,* f\h1bE hb\+m Ym
aWd3SWS 1Yd S4 Wp+,SD

56
& ˙ H
˚ +m ,m ab*WS /`d3SbnH V\`11 ,a1-\E a b1YE Vb\
,*YZ`*,SbaqEaV1Y,*Yf\`\j\D+mhZ\Ymg1ZSY,
/`d4nqf /\+`\bd S /`d-S1 f\`\jS1 V*h1ab,*D
6 1-\,m 1abn /`d4nq a`1/S Wp/1yD *]`SY1`E \-
ahSb*W a,\SY /`d-\Y ,`**Y* La*Sq 85B

& ˙ H 569
b1+q ]\ZSY*ZS1YE Z*ab*,Wp Z* ]dbnE ]\ V\b\`\Yd b1+1
S/bSD ˙*Y a\,1b S +d/d Z*+Wp/*bn 4* b\+\yxD
9 \-* 1abn ,`*-E V\b\`my /1W*1b ,a1Ehb\+mYmZ1
+mWS a \-\Y /`d4nqYSD \ 1-\,* f\h1b 4*kSbSbn
Z*a \b Z1-\D L`\hSb*yb1 a*W\Y 99B66DM *V /`d4nq
1-\,mE Ym ab*`*1Yaq aWd3Sbn 1Yd \b ,a1-\ a1`/g*D
˙*31 , b`d/Zmf aSbd*gSqf Ym \ab* 1Yaq 1Yd ,1`ZmYSD
/SZ S4 ]Sa*b1W1y S+WSS aV*4*WB w) Z1 ]\V\W1+WpanE
]\b\Yd hb\ \Z 1-\,* ]\ ]`*,dp `dVd \b Y1Zqx La*O
W\Y 5:B W1b Z*4*/D 1-\,* aV*4*W \ Z1YE hb\ Z* 41YW1 Z1b
/`d-\-\ b*V\-\ h1W\,1V*D \, d,*3*W \-* S Z1Z*,SO
/1W 4W\ L\, 5B

56: ˚ )H
< *b*Z* 4*q,SWE hb\ \, /`d3Sb a \-\Y b\WnV\ S4O
4* b\-\E hb\+m hb\Ob\ \b Z1-\ ]\WdhSbnD ˙nq,\W aV*4*W
1-\,1B w1 bm WS a\ ,a1f ab\`\Z \-`*/SW 1-\E 1-\ /\Y
S,a1E hb\ d Z1-\ 1abnH m +W*-\aW\,SW /1W\ 1-\ `dVE S
1-\ ab*/* `*a]`\ab`*ZSWSan ]\ 41YW1D \ ]`\bqZSE ]\O
3*Wdyab*E `dVd S V\aZSan ,a1-\E hb\ d Z1-\ 1abnEP Z1
]`\VWqZ1b WS \Z b1+q , WSg\Hx L\, 5B5>E 55MD
= b*VE *b*Z* aV*4*WE hb\ \, aWd3Sb 1-\,1 S4O4*
WShZ\y ,m-\/mD Z db,1`3/*WE hb\ aY\31b 4*ab*,Sbn
\,* ]1`1ab*bn aWd3Sbn \-dD 1-\,* Z1 a\YZ1,*Waq ,
\,1E Z\ ,a131]\4,\WSW*b*Z11-\]`\,1`SbnD*V
ab*W\ +m qaZ\E /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ WS \, aWd3Sb 1-\,1
S4 Wp+,SD
%%˚
5> Z*h*W* *b*Z* WSj*1b \,* 1-\ aV\b*B Z1V\O
b\`mf 3S,\bZmf V`*/dbE /`d-S1 ]\-S+*pbD \b\Y \Z
d+S,*1b aWd- \,*D \, b1`q1b ]`*VbSh1aVS ,a1D \
*b*Z* Z* ob\Y Z1 \ab*Z*,WS,*1baqB \Z d+S,*1b 1k1S
/1aqb1`mf 1-\ /1b1yD 1aY\b`q Z* ,a1 ob\E \, \ab* 1bO
aq ,1`ZmY 1-\,1D S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w\ ,a1Y ob\Y
\, Z1 a\-`1jSW S Z1 ]`S]Sa*W \-d ZSh1-\ ]`1/\adO
/Sb1WnZ\-\x L\, 5B56P5=E 66MD
55 \ *b*Z1 +mW\ Y*W\ S ob\-\D Z +`\a*1b ,m4\,
1-\,1B w\aZSan 1-\ V\abS S ]W\bS P Z1 ]`\VWqZ1b WS
\Z b1+q , WSg\Hx *b*Z* ]\`*3*1b \,* d3*aZ\y +\O
W14Znp L\, 6B9E ;MD \ \, ]\O]`13Z1Yd ,1`1Z 1-\,1D
Z -\,\`SbB w\V* Z1 dY`dE Z1 \babd]Wp \b a,\1y Z1O
]\`\hZ\abSIx L\, 6;B9MD
=D b\ 1-\,* ]\4,\WSW *b*Z1 a/1W*bnH
5>D V*VSYS Sa]mb*ZSqYS ab\WVZdWaq \, S V*V \Z ]\abd]SWH
55D *M V*VSY 1k1 Sa]mb*ZS1Y ab\WVZdWaq \,H +M *V \Z ]\abd]SWH

& ˙ H 56;
56 \, Z1 4Z*WE hb\ ab`*/*1b S4O4* *b*Zm P
hb\ b\b \+\W-*W 1-\ ]1`1/ \-\YD Z /dY*WE hb\ ]`SO
hSZ* ,a1f 1-\ Z1ah*abSy P 1-\,* L\, :B8C 5:B55P58MD
\ \, \ab*Waq ,1`ZmY 1-\,1D 1]1`n ab*W\ ]\ZqbO
Z\E hb\ \, /`d3SW a \-\Y Z1 ]\b\YdE hb\ ob\ +mW\
,m-\/Z\E * ]\b\YdE hb\ Wp+SW \-*D a1E hb\ ˙nq,\W
-\,\`SW \+ \,1E +mW\ W\3npD
57 \bq \, Z1 4Z*W \ `*4-\,\`1 \-* a *b*Z\yE \Z
\ab*Waq ,1`ZmY \-d S b1Y a*YmY /\V*4*WE hb\ *b*Z*
W31gD \- ,\4Z*-`*/SW \,* 4* ,1`Z\abn L\,
86B56P5;MD
˝˙%• ˛ ˙˝˚ )& ˚"˚˚
58 *aaV*4 \+ \,1 a\/1`3Sb ,*3Zmy d`\V /Wq Z*aD
*V\yH *b*Z* db,1`3/*1bE hb\ ,a1 Ym P b1E Vb\ aWdO
3Sb 1-\,1E /1W*pb ob\ ]\b\YdE hb\ f\bqb hb\Ob\ \b
Z1-\ ]\WdhSbnD ˙nq,\W 4*q,SWE hb\ w4* a,\p /djd h1O
W\,1V \b/*ab ,a1E hb\ d Z1-\ 1abnx L\, 6B8MD aO
]\Wn4\,*, aW\,\ wh1W\,1VxE *b*Z* f\b1W aV*4*bnE hb\
Z1 b\WnV\ \,E Z\ S ,a1E Vb\ aWd3*b \-dE /1W*pb ob\
]\b\YdE hb\ ob\ ,m-\/Z\D ˙*31 a]dabq ab\W1bSq ]\aO
W1 aY1`bS \,* *b*Z* ]`\/\W3*W \+,SZqbn 1-\,d S
db,1`3/*bnE hb\ 1-\ aWd3Sb1WS P o-\SabmD \b ]\h1O
Yd 1-\,* aV*4*WB wd/n Yd/`E amZ Y\yE S `*/dy Y\ 1
a1`/g1E hb\+m q Y\- \b,1h*bn b\YdE Vb\ d]`1V*1b Y1O
Zqx L`SbhS 6;B55MD
59 ˚aWS ,m ]`SY1b1 `1j1ZS1 ab*bn /`d-\Y 1-\,m S
,\ ,a1Y aWdj*bnaq 1-\E b\ ,m b\31 aY\31b1 /\V*4*bnE
56D *V \, /\V*4*WE hb\ *b*Z* W-*WH
57D b\ +mW\ /\V*4*Z\ +W*-\/*`q b\YdE hb\ \, \ab*Waq ,1`ZmY 1O
-\,1H
58E 59D b\ *b*Z* db,1`3/*1b , \bZ\j1ZSS V*3/\-\ S4 Z*aH

\- ,\4Z*-`*/SW \,*
4* ,1`Z\abn

& ˙ H 56=
hb\ *b*Z* W31gD \bq ,*Y ]\b`1+d1baq YZ\-\1 S4Y1O
ZSbn , a,\1y 3S4ZSE ,m ZSV\-/* Z1 ]\3*W11b1E hb\ `1O
jSWS ab*bn /`d-\Y 1-\,mI \h1Yd V ob\Yd ,\]`\ad
Zd3Z\ \bZ1abSan a1`n14Z\H \b\Yd hb\ *b*Z*E ]\ adO
bSE 4*q,SWE hb\ SY1ZZ\ ,m Z1 +d/1b1 aWdj*bnaq \-*E
V\-/* , ,*j1y 3S4ZS ]\q,qbaq b`d/Z\abSD *b*Z* ]mO
b*1baq 4*ab*,Sbn Z*a ]`1/*bn \-*D *V \Z ob\ /1W*1bH
5: b\+m `*4`djSbn Z*jd /`d3+d a 1-\,\yE *b*Z*
]\Wn4d1baq `*4ZmYS a]\a\+*YSD *]`SY1`E V*V aV*4*O
Z\ , S+WSSE \Z Z*]*/*1bE wV*V `mh*kSy W1,E S Sk1bE
V\-\ ]\-W\bSbnx L5 1b`* 9BMD V*h1ab,11k1 \/Z\y dW\,VS ˙nqO
,\W Sa]\Wn4d1b \+Y*ZD Z Y\31b ]`Sb,\`qbnaq w*Z-1O
W\Y a,1b*x L6 \`SZeqZ*Y 55B58MD ˚k1\/SZa]\a\+B*O
b*Z* ]mb*1baq d+1/Sbn Z*aE hb\ Ym Z1/\ab\yZm aWdO
3Sbn 1-\,1 L`SbhS 68B5>MD
"•˚& ˚
5; m /\V*4m,*1YE hb\ *b*Z* W31gE 1aWS aWdj*1YO
aq 1-\,dD b\ ]\Y\31b Z*Y +mbn ]\aWdjZmYS \-dH
S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB wp+S b,\1-\ \-* 1-\,d ,a1Y
'b\ Z1 \4Z*h*1bE hb\ 4* ,a1YS Wp/nYSE V\b\`m1 Y1j*pb
Z*Y S4dh*bn S+WSpE ab\Sb *b*Z*D /Z*V\ , S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE
hb\ ˙nq,\W P w+\- ob\y aSab1Ym ,1k1yx S hb\ w,1an YS` W13Sb
,\ ,W*abS ˛W\-\ *b*ZmxD \ob\Yd Ym Z1 d/S,Wq1Yaq b\YdE hb\
Vb\Ob\ Y\31b ]\]mb*bnaq ]\Y1j*bn Z*Y aWd3Sbn 1-\,1 L6 \O
`SZeqZ*Y 8B8C 5 \*ZZ* 9B5=MD
5:D *M b\ /1W*1b *b*Z*E hb\+m ]\Y1j*bn Wp/qY aWd3Sbn 1-\,1H
+M b\ \Z Y\31b a/1W*bnE hb\+m ]\Y1j*bn WShZ\ ,*YH
5;D \h1Yd Ym aWdj*1Yaq 1-\,dH

57> ˚ )H
a1`/g1YE ,a1y /dj\y S ,a1y 3S4Z1ZZ\y aSW\yx Lb\O
`\4*V\ZS1 :B9MD m aWdj*1Yaq 1-\,dE ]\b\Yd hb\ WpO
+SY 1-\D 1Y +\Wnj1 ab*Z\,Sbaq Z*j* Wp+\,n V 1-\O
,1E b1Y +\Wnj1 Ym f\bSY 1-\ aWdj*bnaqD ]\ab\W \O
*ZZ ]Sa*WB wp+\,n V \-d 4*VWph*1baq , b\YE hb\+m
Ym a\+Wp/*WS 1-\ 4*]\,1/SE S 1-\ 4*]\,1/S Z1 \+`1Y1O
ZSb1WnZmx L5 \*ZZ* 9B7MD
5< ˚abn /1W*E V\b\`m1 1-\,* ahSb*1b Z1]`*,SWnZmO
YSD Z1V\b\`mf S4 ZSf ,m Y\31b1 ]`\hSb*bn , `*YO
V1 w1Z*,S/nb1 b\E hb\ Z1Z*,S/Sb 1-\,*xD \4Y\3O
Z\E V*VS1Ob\ S4 obSf /1W ]\V*3dbaq ,*Y Z1 b*VSYS d3
]W\fSYSD \ 1aWS ,m ]\`*4YmjWq1b1 Z*/ +S+W1yaVSO
YS abSf*YSE ]`S,1/ 1ZZmYS , ob\y `*YV1E ,m d,S/Sb1E
]\h1Yd Yd/`\ aWdj*bnaq 1-\,dD \4Y\3Z\E ,m ]\yY1O
5B57C 65B66E 67D
ˇ 1Vad*WnZ*q
+14Z`*,ab,1ZZ\abn
1,Sb6>B5>E57E59E5:C
SYWqZ*Y 5B68E 6:E 6;E 76C
5\`SZeqZ*Y:B=E5>D
ˇ ˙1Y\ZS4Y
b\`\4*V\ZS1 5B65E 66C
*W*b*Y 9B6>E 65D
ˇ /\W\]\VW\Zab,\
5\`SZeqZ*Y5>B58D
ˇ nqZab,\
5\`SZeqZ*Y9B55D
ˇ \`\,ab,\
1,Sb :B6E 8C
'e1aqZ*Y 8B6

& ˙ H 575
b1E hb\ ,*Y Zd3Z\ hb\Ob\ S4Y1ZSbn , a,\1y 3S4ZSD 1O
Zqbnaq +d/1b Z1W1-V\D \E a/1W*, ob\E ,m ]\hd,ab,d1b1
YS` , a1`/g1 S `*/\abnE ,1/n ,m ]\abd]SWS V*V Z*ab\O
qkSy /`d- \-* La*Sq 87B58MD ]\ab\W *,1W aV*4*WB w\- ,1`1ZE S \Z Z1 /\O
]dabSbE hb\+m ,m +mWS SaVdj*1Ym a,1`f aSWE Z\
]`S SaVdj1ZSS ]`1/\ab*,Sb S ,mf\/E hb\+m ,m aY\-O
WS ]1`1Z1abSx L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 5>B57MD 1-\,* ,a1-/* +dO
/1b ]\Y\-*bn Z*Y ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\D Z \+1k*1b
/*bn Z*Y waSWdE ]`1,mj*pkdp \+mhZdpxE hb\+m Ym
aY\-WSa]`*,SbnaqaWp+\yb`d/Z\abnpL6\`SZeqO
Z*Y 8B;MD ]\ab\W *,1W Z*]Sa*WB wa1YZ1]\/aSWd
ˇ *aSWS1
a*W\Y 55B9C
`SbhS 66B68E 69C
*W*fSq 6B5:C
*W*b*Y 9B6>E 65D
ˇ aV\`+Sb1WnZ*q `1hn
S a]W1bZS
1,Sb 5=B5:C 'e1aqZ*Y 9B8C
\W\aaqZ*Y 7BE
6

576 ˚ )H
+W*-\/*`q b\YdE Vb\ Y1Zq dV`1]Wq1bx LSWS]]Syg*Y
8B57MD \h1Yd d *,W* +mW* b*V*q d,1`1ZZ\abnH \b\Yd
hb\E V\-/* , 1-\ 3S4ZS +m,*WS b`d/Zm1 ,`1Y1Z*E 1-\O
,* ,a1-/* 1Yd ]\Y\-*WD
(˚ E ( ˚
6> b\+m ab*bn /`d-\Y 1-\,mE Z*Y Zd3Z\ Z1 b\WnV\
]1`1ab*bn /1W*bn b\E hb\ \Z ahSb*1b ]W\fSYE Z\ S ]\WpO
+Sbn b\E hb\ \Z Wp+Sb LSYWqZ*Y 56B=MD b\YE V*VSYS
1-\,* f\h1b ,S/1bn a,\Sf /`d41yE 4*]Sa*Z\ , a*WY1
59B5P9D L`\hSb*yb1DM ˙`d4nq \-* ]\/`*3*pb 1-\ ]`1O
V`*aZmY V*h1ab,*YD ZS ]`\q,Wqpb wWp+\,nE `*/\abnE
YS`E /\W-\b1`]1ZS1E /\+`\bdE /\+`\/1b1WnZ\abnE ,1`dE
V`\b\abnE a*Y\\+W*/*ZS1x L*W*b*Y 9B66E 67MD
65 b\ ]\Y\31b ,*Y ]`\q,Wqbn b*VS1 V*h1ab,*H 1O
\+f\/SY\ `1-dWq`Z\ hSb*bn S S4dh*bn S+WSp La*Sq
7>B6>E 65MD *V ,*j* Wp+\,n V 1-\,1 +d/1b `*abS S 31O
W*ZS1 aWdj*bnaq 1-\ +d/1b ab*Z\,Sbnaq aSWnZ11D
66 ˙1W*q S4Y1Z1ZSq , a,\1y 3S4ZSE Ym V*V +d/b\ aZSO
Y*1Y a a1+q ab*`dp \/13/d S Z*/1,*1Y Z\,dpD S+O
WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ Z*Y Zd3Z\ aZqbn wab*`dp WShO
Z\abnx S \/1bnaq , wZ\,dp WShZ\abnx L\W\aaqZ*Y 7B=E
5>MD 'b\ Y\31b +mbn Z1W1-V\E Z\E 1aWS Ym aWdj*1Yaq 1O
-\,dSY1Zq1Ya,\S]`S,mhVSS\+`*43S4ZSE1-\,*
/*ab Z*Y w,1WSVdp Z*-`*/dx La*W\Y 5=B55MD b*VE +d/nO
b1 ]\aWdjZm 1-\,1D Wd3Sb1 1Yd S4 Wp+,SE * Z1 S4 31O
W*ZSq hb\Ob\ ]\WdhSbnD ˙\V*3Sb1E hb\ *b*Z* P W31gD
\-/* ,m /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ ab*Z1b1 /`d-\Y \-*I
6>D *VSY V*h1ab,*Y 1-\,m Ym /\W3Zm ]\/`*3*bn S ]\h1YdH
65D *V ,m Y\31b1 Z*dhSbnaq ]`\q,Wqbn V*h1ab,*E V\b\`m1 Z`*,qbaq
\-dH
66D \h1Yd ab\Sb aWdj*bnaq 1-\,dH

˙˛&) ˚%
"() ˚
wWdj*yb1an Y\1-\ -\W\a*E S q ab*Zd ,*jSY
\-\YE * ,m ab*Z1b1 Y\SY Z*`\/\Yx L1`1YSq ;B67MD
\h1Yd ab\Sb /`d3Sbn a \-\YH
mbS1 66B5E 55
*b*Z* 4*q,SWE hb\ \, /`d3Sb
a \-\Y b\WnV\ S4O4* b\-\E
hb\+m hb\Ob\ \b Z1-\ ]\WdhSbnE
* Z1 ]\b\YdE hb\ Wp+Sb 1-\D
\, 5B56P5=C 6B;
1-\,* ]\4,\WSW *b*Z1
WSjSbn \,* ,a1-\E hb\ d Z1-\
+mW\D \W11 b\-\E *b*Z* ]\`*O
4SW \,* d3*aZ\y +\W14ZnpD
\, 6;B9
\, Z1 ]\ZSY*WE ]\h1Yd
ab\WVZdWaq a\ ,a1YS obSYS
Sa]mb*ZSqYSE Z\ \ab*Waq
,1`ZmY 1-\,1D

578
%˚) ˚
˚%
w˛* a,\p /djd h1W\,1V \b/*ab ,a1E hb\ d Z1-\
1abnx L\, 6B8MD
b\ /1W*1b *b*Z*E hb\+m `*4`djSbn Z*jS \bZ\j1O
ZSq a 1-\,\yH
6\`SZeqZ*Y55B58
*b*Z* ]\/b*WVS,*1b Z*a
V Z1]\aWdj*ZSp 1-\,1D
`SbhS 68B5>
Z f\h1b 4*ab*,Sbn Z*a
/dY*bnE hb\ Ym Z1/\ab\yZm
+mbn aWd3Sb1WqYS 1-\,mD
51b`*9B<
`\Y1 b\-\E *b*Z* Z*]*/*1b
Z* Z*a , \bV`mbdpD
`SbhS 6;B55
d/nb1 ]\aWdjZm 1-\,1E
+d/nb1 1Yd ,1`ZmYSD ˙\V*O
3Sb1E hb\ *b*Z* P W31gD
% "˚) ˚E
( ˚
wp+\,n V \-d 4*VWph*1baq , b\YE hb\+m Ym
a\+Wp/*WS 1-\ 4*]\,1/Sx L5 \*ZZ* 9B7MD
*V ab*bn /`d-\Y 1-\,mH
b\`\4*V\ZS1 :B9
p+Sb1 \-*D 'b\ ]\Y\31b
,*Y a\+Wp/*bn 1-\ 4*V\ZmD
a*Sq 8

57
˚˚ ˙ ˝˛
˚ P 3S,\y \-E S \Z /*W 3S4Zn Z*Y L1O
`1YSq 5>B5>MD + 1-\,1 , S+WSS aV*4*Z\B wm a\b,\O
`SW ,a1S,a 1 ]\ b,\1y ,\W1 adk1ab,d1b S a\b,\`1Z\x
LbV`\,1ZS1 8B55MD m 3S, 1YE ]\b\Yd hb\ ob\-\ f\b1W
\-D ˝S4Zn P ob\ 1-\ ]\/*`\VD L`\hSb*yb1 a*W\Y
7:B=DM
6 1-\,* ]\4*+\bSWaq \ b\YE hb\+m d Z*a +mW\ ,a1
Z1\+f\/SY\1 /Wq 3S4ZSE , b\Y hSaW1 ]Sk* S ,\/* L˙1qO
ZSq 5;B6

˝˛& ˙˚
ˇ \- ahSb*1b *+\`b
d+Syab,\Y
ˇ 1Wn4q Vd`SbnE
]`SZSY*bn Z*`V\bSVS
SWS 31,*bn Z*a,*y
ˇ 1Z*,Sabn P 4W\
,-W*4*f\-*

˚˚ ˙ ˝˛ 57;
hb\ 4Wm1 S 31ab\VS1 Wp/S Z1 ]\Wdh*b ,1hZdp 3S4ZnD
L`\hSb*yb1 5 \*ZZ* 7B59DM b\+m 1-\,* +mW Z*YS
/\,\W1ZE Ym /\W3Zm dhSbnaq Wp+Sbn Wp/1y L5 \*ZZ*
7B55E 56MD
8 b\ 1k1 ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ 1-\,* ahSb*1b 3S4Zn
g1ZZ\yH 1`14 \Sa1q \Z /*W S4`*SWnbqZ*Y ˙1aqbn
4*]\,1/1yD `1/S ZSf +mW* 4*]\,1/nB w1 d+S,*yx
Lb\`\4*V\ZS1 9B5;MD ˚aWS h1W\,1V Z*Y1`1ZZ\ Z*`dj*W
obd 4*]\,1/n S V\-\Ob\ d+S,*WE 1-\ a*Y\-\ /\W3Zm +mO
WS d+SbnD
9 V*V \- \bZ\aSbaq V *+\`bdH Z ahSb*1b *+\`b
4W\YD \h1Yd Y\3Z\ b*V aV*4*bnH ˛*V\Z1E V\b\O
`my \- /*W S4`*SWnbqZ*YE -\,\`SW\anE hb\ 1aWS Vb\O
b\ d/*`qW +1`1Y1ZZdp 31ZkSZd S S4O4* ob\-\ ]\-S+*W
1k1Z1`\/S,jSyaq`1+
1Z\VE b\ ,SZ\,Z\-\ Zd3Z\ +mO
W\ ]`S-\,\`Sbn V aY1`bSD L`\hSb*yb1 af\/ 65B66E
67C a*W\Y 56;B7MD S/Z\E hb\ 1-\,* g1ZSb 3S4Zn /*31
1k1 Z1 `\/S,jSfaq /1b1yD LY\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 6

57< ˚ )H
]W\fSf ]`S,mh1V Y\31b +mbn Z1W1-V\E Z\ 1-\,* \+qO
4*b1WnZ\ ,*Y ]\Y\31bD
< *V Ym d,S/1WSE 3S4Zn P ob\ g1ZZmy ]\/*`\VE
SZ*YZd3Z\/1W*bn,a1,\4Y\3Z\1Ehb\+mZ1]`ShSO
ZSbn ,`1/* ZS a1+1E ZS /`d-SYD *]`SY1`E Ym /\W3Zm
+mbn ,ZSY*b1WnZmYSE V\-/* d]`*,Wq1Y *,b\Y\+SW1YE
Y\b\gSVW\Y SWS /`d-SY b`*Za]\`bZmY a`1/ab,\YD
W1/d1b S4+1-*bn \]*aZmf SWS 31ab\VSf ,S/\, a]\`b*
La*W\Y 55B9MD `\Y1 b\-\E Zd3Z\ aW1/Sbn 4* b1YE hb\O
+m , Z*j1Y /\Y1 +mW\ +14\]*aZ\ 3SbnD ˛*V\Z1E /*ZO
Z\Y \-\YE -\,\`SW\anB w\-/* ]\ab`\Sjn Z\,my /\YE
a/1W*y Z* V`mj1 \-`*3/1ZS1E hb\+m ZSVb\ Z1 d]*W a
Z11 S S4O4* b1+q Z* b,\y /\Y Z1 W1-W* ,SZ* , ]`\WSbSS
V`\,Sx Lb\`\4*V\ZS1 66B 1-\,* ahSb*1b V`\,n a,qb\yE ]\b\Yd hb\ /Wq Z1O
-\ V`\,n P aSY,\W 3S4ZSD *]`SY1`E V\-/* *SZ d+SW
,1WqE 1-\,* aV*4*W 1YdB w`\,n b,\1-\ +`*b* ,4m,*O
1b V\ YZ1 \b 41YWSx LmbS1 8B5>MD *V ,S/Z\ S4 ob\-\
abSf*E/Wq\-*V`\,n,1Wq+mW*aSY,\W\Y1-\3S4O
D bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ V`\,n P ob\ aSY,\W 3S4ZSH

˚˚ ˙ ˝˛ 57=
ZSD ˛* ]`\WSbS1 V`\,S *SZ +mW Z*V*4*ZD \aW1 \b\O
]* 1-\,* aZ\,* ]\V*4*WE hb\ V`\,n /Wq Z1-\ aSY,\WSO
4S`d1b 3S4ZnD \- aV*4*W \p S 1-\ a1Yn1B wa1/,SO
3dk11aqE hb\ 3S, 1bE +d/1b ,*Y ]Sk1yD *V S 41W1Zm1
`*ab1ZSqE q /*p ,*Y ,a1 ob\D \WnV\ Z1 1jnb1 ]W\bS a
11/dj\y3S4ZnpPa1
1V`\,npxLmbS15B6=C=B7E8MD
1-\,* Z1 `*4`1jSW 1abn Yqa\ a V`\,npE ]\b\Yd hb\
V`\,n ]`1/ab*,WqW* /djdE b\ 1abn 3S4ZnD
55 `SY1`Z\ h1`14 ,\a1Yna\b W1b ]\aW1 \b\]* 1O
-\,* /*W a,\1Yd Z*`\/d b*V\y 4*V\ZB w˚aWS Vb\OZS+d/n
S4 amZ\,1y 4`*SWq SWS 3S,dkSy a`1/S ,*a ]`Sj1O
W1g ]\yY*1b Z* \f\b1 4,1`q SWS ]bSgdE V\b\`mf Y\3Z\
1abnE b\ ]dabn ,m]dabSb S4 /\+mhS V`\,n S ]\V`\1b 11
41YW1yxD ˛*b1Y \- ]\,1W1WB w1 1jnb1 V`\,nx L1,Sb
5;B57E 58MD *V ,S/Z\E 1-\,* ]\O]`13Z1Yd f\b1WE hb\O
+m 1-\ aWd3Sb1WS ahSb*WS V`\,n a,qb\yD Z `*4`1jSW
SY 1abn Yqa\E Z\ 4*]`1bSW 1abn V`\,nD 1`1/ b1Y V*V
1abn Yqa\ d+Sb\-\ 3S,\bZ\-\E Zd3Z\ +mW\ ,m]dabSbn
S4 Z1-\ V`\,n S ,mWSbn 11Z*41YWpD
56 1`14 Z1aV\WnV\ W1b ]\aW1 aY1`bS Sada* `Sab*
, 1`da*WSY1 ,ab`1bSWSan *]\ab\Wm S ab*`1yjSZm
f`SabS*ZaV\-\ a\+`*ZSqD Y Zd3Z\ +mW\ `1jSbnE V*O
VS1 4*]\,1/S S4 b1fE V\b\`m1 \- /*W S4`*SWnbqZ*YE
,a1 1k1Zd3Z\+mW\a\+Wp/*bnDL`\hSb*yb1
˙1qO
ZSq 59B6

58> ˚ )H
'b\ ahSb*W\an b*VSY 31 -`1f\YE V*V S/\W\]\VW\Zab,\
SWS a1Vad*WnZ*q +14Z`*,ab,1ZZ\abnD *V 1-\,* \bZ\O
aSbaq V V`\,S a1-\/ZqH Z ]\O]`13Z1Yd f\h1bE hb\+m
Ym ahSb*WS 11a,qb\yD\ob\YdSabSZZm1
f`SabS*Z1
Z1 1/qb S Z1 ]npb V`\,nD
57 \3Z\ WS f`SabS*Z*Y ]1`1WS,*bn V`\,nH 1bE
Z1Wn4qD *]`SY1`E 1aWS ,*Y 4*]`1bSWS ]Sbn *WV\-\WnE
Y\3Z\ WS ,,\/Sbn 1-\ , ,1ZdH \Z1hZ\ Z1bD \/\+Z\
ob\YdE 4*]`1b 1abn SWS ]Sbn V`\,n \4Z*h*1bE hb\ ]1`1O
WS,*bn 11b\31Z1Wn4qDLY\b`Sb1`SW\31ZS16=DM
58 *V ]\abd]SbnE 1aWS ,`*hS -\,\`qbE hb\ +14 ]1O
`1WS,*ZSq V`\,S ,m dY`1b1H *3/my S4 Z*a /\W31Z
a*Y `1jSbnE +d/1b WS \Z a\+Wp/*bn 4*V\Z \-* \ V`\O
,SD *V f`SabS*Z1E Ym a d,*31ZS1Y \bZ\aSYaq V /*O
`d 3S4ZS S /1W*1Y ,a1 ,\4Y\3Z\1E hb\+m a\f`*ZSbn
a,\p 3S4ZnD \ob\YdE f\bq Ym Z1 a\-W*j*1Yaq Z* ]1O
`1WS,*ZS1 V`\,SE Ym ab*`*1Yaq Z*ybS /`d-S1 Y1b\/m
W1h1ZSqD
59 \aV\WnVd 3S4Zn \h1Zn g1ZZ* /Wq \-*E Ym ab*`*O
1Yaq 4*+\bSbnaq \ 4/\`\,n1E Z\ Ym Z1 Y\31Y a\O
-W*aSbnaq Z* ]1`1WS,*ZS1 V`\,SD ˙Wq Z*a aWdj*bnaq
1-\,d ,*3Z11E h1Y ]mb*bnaq a\f`*ZSbn a,\p 3S4Zn
]db1Y Z*`dj1ZSq 1-\ 4*V\Z\,D Sada aV*4*WB wb\ f\O
h1ba]*abSa,\p/djdEb\b]\b1`q1b11E * Vb\ ]\b1`q1b
a,\p /djd `*/S Y1ZqE b\b Z*y/ 1b 11x L*be1q 5:B69MD
`SabS*Z1 a\+Wp/*pb 4*V\Z \-* \ V`\,SE ]\b\Yd hb\
Wp+qb 1-\D m d,1`1ZmB 1-\,* 4Z*1bE hb \/WqZ*aWdhO
‹
j1 ,a1-\D mE V*V S \ZE g1ZSY 3S4Zn S ahSb*1Y 11a,qO
b\y L˚,`1qY 55B:MD
57D \h1Yd f`SabS*Z1 \bV*4m,*pbaq \b ]1`1WS,*ZSq V`\,SH
58E 59D \bq f`SabS*Z1 g1Zqb 3S4ZnE +d/db WS \ZS ]mb*bnaq a]*abS
a,\p 3S4Zn ]db1Y Z*`dj1ZSq 4*V\Z\, \-*H +lqaZSb1D

˚˚ ˙ ˝˛ 585
5: *V Ym d,S/1WSE ,1`Zm1 aWd3Sb1WS \-* Z*ab`\1O
Zm a\+Wp/*bn 4*V\Z \ V`\,SD ZS Z1 1/qb S Z1 ]npb
V`\,nD ZS Z1 Sa]\Wn4dpb 11,Y1/SgSZaVSfg1WqfP
/*31 V\-/* Sf 3S4Zn , \]*aZ\abSD /Z*V\ \ZS Sa]\WnO
4dpb /`d-S1 Y1b\/mD ZS d,1`1ZmE hb\ \4/*b1Wn
3S4ZSSV`\,Sb\hZ\4Z*1bEhb \/WqZSfWdhj1D1`Sb1
‹
WS ,mE hb\ 1-\,* f\h1b /Wq ,*a a*Y\-\ Wdhj1-\H
& ˝˚"˚)
5; ˛*V\Z1E V\b\`my \- /*W \Sa1pE aV*4*Z\B w˙dO
j*]W\bS,V`\,SESq]`1/Z*4Z*hSW11/Wq31`b,1ZZSO
V*E hb\+m ,m a\,1`j*WS SaVd]W1ZS1 a,\Sf /dj SWS
]`\aSWS ]`\k1ZSqE b*V V*V SY1ZZ\ V`\,n a\,1`j*O
1b SaVd]W1ZS1x L1,Sb 5;B55MD \-/* S4`*SWnbqZ1 a\-`1O
j*WSE \ZS Y\-WS ]`SZ1abS , 31`b,d 3S,\bZ\1 S
]\]`\aSbn a,qk1ZZSV* ,mWSbn Z1YZ\-\ V`\,S ob\-\
3S,\bZ\-\ Z* 31`b,1ZZSV , f`*Y1D *V \ZS ]`\aSWS d
1-\,m ]`\k1ZSq 4* a,\S -`1fSD 1-\,* `*4`1jSW SaO
]\Wn4\,*bn V`\,n b\WnV\ b*VSY \+`*4\YD
5< Sada \b/*W a,\p 3S4ZnE /`d-SYS aW\,*YSE ]`\O
WSW a,\p V`\,nE /Wq ]`\k1ZSq Z*jSf -`1f\,D *VSY
\+`*4\Y +mW \bY1Z1Z 4*V\Z \ 31`b,\]`SZ\j1ZSS 3SO
,\bZmf L*be1q 6>B6B5MD ˝S4Zn Sada* +mO
W* Z*ab\WnV\ g1ZZ\yE hb\ +W*-\/*`q 1-\ 31`b,1 1-\O
,* Y\31b /*bn V*3/\Yd h1W\,1Vd ,\4Y\3Z\abn 3Sbn
,1hZ\L\*ZZ*7B5:C˚,`1qY=B55E56C51b`*5B5

586 ˚ )H
*V ,m Y\31b1 ]\V*4*bnE hb\ g1ZSb1 3S4Zn S V`\,nH
5= m +W*-\/*`Zm 1-\,1 4* ]`1V`*aZmy /*` 3S4ZSD
Ym f\bSY `*aaV*4m,*bn /`d-SYE hb\ \ZS aY\-db
3Sbn ,1hZ\E 1aWS +d/db ,1`Sbn , Sada*D m Wp+SY
Wp/1y S ]\b\Yd a/1W*1Y ,a1 ,\4Y\3Z\1E hb\+m ]\O
Y\hn SY d4Z*bnE V*V ]\WdhSbn ,1hZdp 3S4Zn L141VSO
SWn 7B5;P65MD ]\ab\W *,1W aV*4*WB w) hSab \b V`\,S
,a1fE ]\b\Yd hb\ q Z1 dVW\ZqWaq \b b\-\E hb\+m ,\4,1O
k*bn ,*Y ,ap ,\Wp \-*x L˙1qZSq 6>B6:E 6;MD m b\31
f\bSY +mbn whSabmYS \b V`\,S ,a1fxD \ob\Yd Ym /\WO
3Zm `*aaV*4m,*bn Wp/qY \+ 1-\,1 S \ b\YE Z*aV\WnO
V\ g1ZZ* /Wq Z1-\ 3S4ZnD
5=D b\ Ym /\W3Zm /1W*bnE hb\+m +mbn whSabmYS \b V`\,S ,a1fxH

˚˚ ˝˛&
w b1+q Sab\hZSV 3S4ZSx La*W\Y 7:B=MD
h1Y ]`\q,Wq1baq d,*31ZS1 V 3S4ZSH
˙1qZSq 5;B6C
b\`\4*V\ZS1 56B67
`\,n P aSY,\W 3S4ZSD
mbS1 =B7E 8
\3Z\ 1abn Yqa\E Z\ Z1Wn4q
1abn V`\,nD
˙1qZSq 59B6

588
˝
&˛& &
w`\,n Sada*DDD \hSk*1b Z*a \b ,aqV\-\ -`1f*x
L5 \*ZZ* 5B;MD
*V\14Z*h1ZS1/WqZ*aSY11b31`b,*Sada*
`Sab*H
1,Sb 5;B55
+S+W1yaVS1 ,`1Y1Z*E V\-/*
S4`*SWnbqZ1 a\-`1j*WSE \ZS
Y\-WS]`SZ1abS,31`b,d3SO
,\bZ\1 S ]\]`\aSbn a,qk1ZO
ZSV* ,mWSbn Z1YZ\-\ V`\,S
ob\-\ 3S,\bZ\-\ Z* 31`b,1ZO
ZSV , f`*Y1D
*be1q 6>B6

58
˝
˙) ˚˚• &)
˚) a1Ynq ]\q,SW*an +W*-\/*`q \-dD S+WSS -\O
,\`SbaqE hb\ 1-\,* a\b,\`SW 31ZkSZd S ]`S, 1W 11V
Yd3hSZ1E /*YdD ,S/1, 11E /*Y ,\aVWSVZdWB w\b Z*O
V\Z1g V\abn \b Y\Sf V\ab1y S ]W\bn \b Y\1y ]W\bSx LmO
bS1 6B66E 67MD Z +mW \h1Zn ah*abWS,D 'b\ ]\V*4m,*1bE
hb\ 1-\,* f\h1bE hb\+m a1YnS +mWS ah*abWS,mYSD
6 a\3*W1ZSpE Z1 ,a1 ,m`\aWS , ah*abWS,mf a1YnqfD
/Z*V\ +S+W1yaVS1 ]`SZgS]m Y\-db ]\Y\hn Yd3nqY S
31Z*YE `\/Sb1WqY S /1bqY a\4/*bn b*Vdp a1YnpE , V\b\O
`\yV*3/my+d/1bhd,ab,\,*bna1+qZd3ZmYSWp+SO
YmY LdVS 55B6

58: ˚ )H
\jS+*bnaqD E 1aWS ,m f\bSb1E hb\+m \- ,*a ]`\k*WE ,m
/\W3Zm ]`\k*bn a,\Sf 31Z L*be1q :B56E 58E 59MD ˚aWS
Yd3 S 31Z* \f\bZ\ ]`\k*pb /`d- /`d-*E Sf +`*V +d/1b
ah*abWS,mYD
9 1-\,* f\h1bE hb\+m Yd3 d,*3*W /\ab\SZab,\ a,\O
1y 31ZmD Z /\W31Z /dY*bn \ 11 ]\b`1+Z\abqfD 'b\
\h1Zn a1`n14Zmy ,\]`\aD ˚aWS Yd3 ]W\f\ \+`*k*1baq
a 31Z\yE 1-\,* Y\31b \bV*4*bnaq aWdj*bn 1-\ Y\WSbO
,m L5 1b`* 7B;MD 1-\,* Z1 ahSb*1b Yd3hSZ g1ZZ11 31ZO
kSZD Z Wp+Sb ,a1fE Vb\ Wp+Sb 1-\D
: \ aW\,*Y Sada*E ]\aW1 b\-\ V*V Yd3hSZ* S 31ZO
kSZ* ,abd]SWS , +`*VE wSf d31 Z1 /,\1E Z\ \ZS P
\/Z* ]W\bnxE b\ 1abn Sf \bZ\j1ZSq ab*Z\,qbaq \h1Zn
+WS4VSYS L*be1q 5=B:MD d]`d-S /\W3Zm +mbn ]`1/*ZO
Zm /`d- /`d-dD ZS ZSV\-/* Z1 /\W3Zm S4Y1Zqbn a,\1O
Yd a]dbZSVd 3S4ZS L`SbhS 9B59P65C ˚,`1qY 57B8MD d3 S
31Z* /\W3Zm dhSbm,*bn ]\b`1+Z\abS /`d- /`d-*E V\-/*
`1hn S/ 1b \ a1Vad*WnZmf \bZ\j1ZSqfEP 4/1an Z1b Y1O
ab* o-\S4Yd L5 \`SZeqZ*Y ;B7P9MD S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB
wSVb\ ZSV\-/* Z1 SY1W Z1Z*,SabS V a,\1y ]W\bSE Z\E
Z*]`\bS,E ]Sb*1b S W1W11b 11xD 'b\ \4Z*h*1bE hb\ Yd3
/\W31Z Z1 ]`\ab\ Wp+Sbn 31ZdE Z\ S Z13Z\ 4*+\bSbnaq
\ Z1yD \Wnj1 ,a1-\ 31Z* f\h1bE hb\+m Yd3 +mW /\+`mY
SWp+qkSYL'e1aqZ*Y9B6=MD
˛ %& "˚• ˝˚•
; b\+m a1Ynq +mW* /`d3Z\y S V`1]V\yE 1y Z1\+f\O
/SY f\`\jSy `dV\,\/Sb1WnE SWS -W*,*D S+WSS aV*4*O
Z\B w*3/\Yd Yd3hSZ1 -W*,* P `Sab\aE 31ZkSZ1
9D \h1Yd Yd3 /\W31Z d,*3*bn /\ab\SZab,\ a,\1y 31ZmH
:D b\ \4Z*h*1b +mbn w\/Z\y ]W\bnpxH
;D \h1Yd , a1Yn1 /\W31Z +mbn -W*,*H

h 1Y*``*]\/*W*]`SY1`3 1Z*YH
-W*,* P Yd3hSZ*E * `Sabd -W*,* P \-x L5 \`SZeqZ*Y
55B7MD
< \Z1hZ\E Yd3 Y\31b \jS+*bnaqD \ 1aWS 31Z* a\O
-W*j*1baq a `1j1ZSqYS Yd3* S ]\//1`3S,*1b 1-\E ob\
a\/1yab,d1b +W*-\]\WdhSp ,a1y a1YnS L5 1b`* 7B5P:MD
S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w˝1Z1 aW1/d1b -Wd+\V\ d,*3*bn
Yd3*x L'e1aqZ*Y 9B77MD V*V 31Z* /\W3Z* \bZ\aSbnO
aq V Yd3dE 1aWS \Z Z1 ,1`Sb , \-* SWS d Z1-\ /`d-*q
`1WS-SqH \hZ\ b*V 31 P a -Wd+\VSY d,*31ZS1YD S+O
WSq ]`S4m,*1b 3 1ZB wmE 3 1ZmE ]\/hSZqyb1an a,\SY YdO
3nqYE hb\+m b1E Vb\ Z1 ]\,SZdpbaq aW\,dE +14 aW\,* +mO
WS 4*,\ 1,*Zm ,*jSY ]\,1/1ZS1YE Z*+Wp/*q 4* ,*jSY
hSabmY ]\,1/1ZS1Y S ,S/q ,*j1 -Wd+\V\1 d,*31ZS1x
L5 1b`* 7B5E 6MD ˚aWS 31Z* +d/1b ,1abS a1+q /\ab\yZ\E
ob\ Y\31b ]\+d/Sbn Yd3* d4Z*bn +\Wnj1 \ 1 1 `1WS-SS S
\bZ\aSbnaq a d,*31ZS1Y V 1 1d+13/1ZSqYD
= ˚aWS 31Z* , h 1YOb\ Z1 a\-W*aZ* a Yd31YE \Z* Y\31b

58< ˚ )H
aV*4*bn 1Yd \+ ob\YD `S ob\Y 1y Zd3Z\ -\,\`Sbn
a d,*31ZS1YD *]`SY1`E \/Z*3/m *``* ,maV*4*W*
,`**Yd a,\ 1 YZ1ZS1 ]\ \/Z\Yd ,\]`\adD Z\ 1Yd Z1
]\Z`*,SW\anD \ 1-\,* aV*4*W ,`**YdB w\aWdj*yaq
11 -\W\a*x LmbS1 65B=P56MD \aV\WnVd `1j1ZSqE V\b\O
`m1 ]`SZSY*pb Yd3nqOf`SabS*Z1E V*V ]`*,SW\E Z1 ]`\O
bS,\`1h*b S+WSSE 31Zm /\W3Zm ]\//1`3S,*bn `1j1O
ZSq Yd31y L˙1qZSq 9B6=C 'e1aqZ*Y 9B68MD \`\j*q 31O
Z* S Y*bn 4*+\bSbaq \ a,\1y a1Yn1D L`\hSb*yb1 Sbd
6B8E 9DM ˚aWS Yd3 S /1bS +d/db ,S/1bnE hb\ \Z* YZ\-\ /1O
W*1b /Wq ZSfE \ZS +d/db 1k1aSWnZ111 1Wp+SbnSd,*O
3*bn L`SbhS 75B5>E 6 Z\-/* ad]`d-S ]\a]1jZ\ `1j*pb `*4,1abSan SWS
3Sbn \b/1WnZ\ /`d- \b /`d-*D /Z*V\ , S+WSS -\,\`SbO
aqE hb\ w31Z* Z1 /\W3Z* df\/Sbn \b Yd3*x S hb\ wYd3 Z1
/\W31Z \ab*,Wqbn 31Zdx L5 \`SZeqZ*Y ;B5>E 55MD Z1V\O
b\`mf \a\+mf aWdh*qf ad]`d-S Y\-db `1jSbn 3Sbn `*4O
/1WnZ\E Z\ ob\ \h1Zn a1`n14Z\1 `1j1ZS1D hb\ , S+O
WSS -\,\`Sbaq \ `*4,\/1H ˚/SZab,1ZZ*q ]`ShSZ*E ]\
V\b\`\y Y\3Z\ `*4,1abSanEP ob\ ad]`d31aV*q S4Y1Z*
L*be1q 5=B=MD
˛ %& " ˙˚)H
55 \/Sb1WSE \+k*yb1an a\ a,\SYS /1bnYS V*V Y\3Z\
h*k1D m Zd3Zm a,\SY /1bqYD *aaV*4m,*yb1 SY \+ 1O
-\,1Pob\a*Y\1,*3Z\1S4b\-\Ehb\,mY\31b1/WqZSf
a/1W*bn Lb\`\4*V\ZS1 :B8P=MD
56 S` *b*Zm a V*3/mY /Z1Y ab*Z\,Sbaq 4W11 S
5>D \3Z\ WS ad]`d-*Y 3Sbn \b/1WnZ\ /`d- \b /`d-* SWS `*4,\O
/SbnaqH
55D b\ /1bqY Zd3Z\ +\Wnj1 ,a1-\H
56D b\ /\W3Zm a/1W*bn `\/Sb1WSE hb\+m 4*kSbSbn a,\Sf /1b1yH

˝ ˙) ˚˚• &) 58=
4W11D a\3*W1ZSpE Z1V\b\`m1 Wp/S Y\-db ]`ShSZSbn
,`1/ ,*jSY /1bqYD p/* Y\31b ,VWph*bnaq S a1Vad*WnO
Z\1 Z*aSWS1D 1V\b\`mY `\/Sb1WqY b`d/Z\ \+ad3/*bn
a /1bnYS b*VS1 b1YmD /Z*V\ \ZS /\W3Zm ]`1/d]`13O
/*bn /1b1y \+ \]*aZ\abS S dhSbn SfE V*V ,1abS a1+q a b*O
VSYS Wp/nYSD \/Sb1WSE ,m \+q4*Zm 4*kSk*bn a,\Sf
/1b1y L5 1b`* 9B

59> ˚ )H
V*V ]`*,SWnZ\ a1+q ,1abSD *V \ZS Y\-db ob\ /1O
W*bnH ˙1b1y Zd3Z\ ]\ab\qZZ\ Z*ab*,WqbnE Z\ ]`S ob\Y
`\/Sb1WqY Z1Wn4q +mbn -`d+mYS S 31ab\VSYS L1`1O
YSq7>B55MDSV\-/*Z1\+ad3/*yb1a`1+ 1ZV\Y 1-\ Z1O
]`*,SWnZ\1 ]\,1/1ZS1E 1aWS ,m `*4/`*31ZmD Z*h1 ,*O
jS aW\,* +d/db `*ZSbnE V*V Y1h\YE /1W*q `1+ 1ZVd +\WnO
Z\ L`SbhS 56B5

˝ ˙) ˚˚• &) 595
69MD \ob\Yd \h1Zn ,*3Z\ /`d3Sbn a b1YSE Vb\ Wp+Sb
1-\,d L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 59B77MD
" ˚&) ˝˚ %& •
5; ˚aWS V*3/my , a1Yn1 +d/1b ab*`*bnaq ]\abd]*bn
b*VE V*V ob\-\ f\h1b \-E ob\ 4*kSbSb a1Ynp \b YZ\O
-Sf ]`\+W1YD d3nqE Wp+Sb1 a,\Sf 31Z S ,a1-/* \bZ\O
aSb1an V ZSY ]\O/\+`\YdD ˝1ZmE d,*3*yb1 a,\Sf Yd31y
S +d/nb1 SY ]\aWdjZmD b*`*yb1an +mbn ]\f\3SYS Z*
31ZdE \ V\b\`\y -\,\`Sbaq , `Sbh*f 75B5>P75D \/Sb1O
WSE dhSb1 a,\Sf /1b1y Wp+Sbn \-* L`SbhS 66B:MD bgmE
ab*`*yb1an wf\`\j\ d]`*,Wqbn a,\SYS /\Y*jZSYSx
L5 SY\e1p 7B8E 9C 9BMD *3Z\ ]\YZSbnE hb\ Wp+\y hW1Z
a1YnS Y\31b a/1W*bn hb\Ob\ Z1 b*VD \ob\Yd dabd]*yb1
/`d- /`d-d S ]`\aSb1 /`d- d /`d-* ]`\k1ZSqD b*VE V*V
Ym d,S/1WSE , S+WSS 1abn Yd/`m1 a\,1bm /Wq V*3/\-\
hW1Z* a1YnSD
5;D 1-\ \- \3S/*1b \b V*3/\-\ hW1Z* a1YnSH
b\ ]\Y\31b /1bqY
\ab*,*bnaq ]\aWdjZmYS
\-dE V\-/* Sf
]\/b*WVS,*pb a/1W*bn
hb\Ob\ Z1]`*,SWnZ\1H

˚ P ˛˙˚& ˚&
w\ob\Yd q ]`1VW\Zqp V\W1ZS ]1`1/ bg\YE V\O
b\`\Yd ,aqV*q a1Ynq Z* Z1+1 S Z* 41YW1 \+q4*Z*
a,\SY SY1Z1Yx L'e1aqZ*Y 7B58E 59MD
b\ Zd3Z\ /Wq a1Y1yZ\-\ ah*abnqH
mbS1 5B6:P6<
1`,dp a1Ynp \aZ\,*W
1-\,*D
'e1aqZ*Y 9B5E 6
b\+m a1Ynq +mW* ah*abWSO
,\yEYd3E31Z*S/1bS/\W3Zm
]\/`*3*bn 1-\,1 S Sadad
`SabdD
%& "
˝˚ ˝˚•
w\ S V*3/my S4 ,*a ]dabn b*V Wp+Sb a,\p
31ZdE V*V a*Y\-\ a1+qE * 31Z1 aW1/d1b -Wd+\V\
d,*3*bn Yd3*x L'e1aqZ*Y 9B77MD
*V Yd3 S 31Z* /\W3Zm \bZ\aSbnaq /`d- V /`d-dH
'e1aqZ*Y 9B66P6=
d3 P -W*,* a1YnSD d3
/\W31Z Wp+Sbn 31ZdE * 31Z*
/\W3Z* ]\//1`3S,*bn `1j1O
ZSq Yd3*D
\W\aaqZ*Y 7B5=C 5 1b`* 7B8
d3 S 31Z* /\W3Zm +mbn
/\+`mYS S ,ZSY*b1WnZmYS
/`d- V /`d-dD
51b`*7B5E6E;
ZS /\W3Zm g1ZSbn S d,*3*bn
/`d- /`d-*D
5SY\e1p9B

597
%& "
˙˚)
w1 `*4/`*3*yb1 a,\Sf /1b1yE Z\ ,\a]Sbm,*yb1
SfE Z*ab*,Wqq S ,`*4dYWqq b*VE V*V ,1WSb
1-\,*x L'e1aqZ*Y :B8MD
1-\ \- \3S/*1b \b `\/Sb1W1yH
b\`\4*V\ZS1 :B8P=C
`SbhS 66B:
*f\/Sb1 ,`1YqE hb\+m `*aO
aV*4m,*bn /1bqY \ \-1D d/nO
b1 b1`]1WS,mYSD \Y\-*yb1
SY a a*Y\-\ /1bab,* ab*Z\O
,Sbnaq /`d4nqYS 1-\,mD
51b`*9B<
*dhSb1 /1b1yE V*V S4+1-*bn
\]*aZ\ab1y S V*V 4*kSbSbnaq
\b Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 Y\-db ]`SO
hSZSbn SY ,`1/E ,VWph*q a1VO
ad*WnZ\1 Z*aSWS1D
1`1YSq 7>B55C
˚,`1qY 56B=P55
˙1b1y Zd3Z\ ,\a]Sbm,*bnE Z\
a ZSYS Z1Wn4q \+`*k*bnaq
-`d+\ S 31ab\V\D
˙˝%
˚ ˚) ˙˚
w˙1bSE +d/nb1 ]\aWdjZm a,\SY `\/Sb1WqYx
L'e1aqZ*Y :B5MD
˙1bSE]\h1Yd,m/\W3ZmaWdj*bnaq`\/Sb1W1yH
`SbhS 67B66P69C
\W\aaqZ*Y 7B6>
˚aWS ,m +d/1b1 ]\aWdjZmYSE
ob\ \+`*/d1b 1-\,d S `\/SO
b1W1yD
5\`SZeqZ*Y59B77
˙`d3Sb1 a b1YSE Vb\ Wp+Sb
1-\,dD \-/* ,*Y +d/1b W1-h1
]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\D

59
&
)&) H
,a1 `1WS-SS 4*q,WqpbE hb\ -\,\`qb \ \-1
]`*,/dD \ Z1,\4Y\3Z\E hb\+m ]`*,/* +mW* d ,a1f `1O
WS-SyE ,1/n Sf dh1ZSq \h1Zn `*4Zm1D \-/* -/1 Y\3Z\
d4Z*bn ]`*,/d \ \-1 S \ b\YE V*V ]`*,SWnZ\ 1Yd ]\VW\O
ZqbnaqH + ob\Y Y\3Z\ d4Z*bn b\WnV\ d a*Y\-\ \-* 1O
-\,mD
6 ˙Wq b\-\ hb\+m Ym d4Z*WSE V*V ]`*,SWnZ\ ]\O
VW\Zqbnaq 1-\,1E \Z /*W Z*Y S+WSpD \ob\Yd ]`\O
/\W3*yb1 S4dh*bn 11D \- ]\Y\31b ,*Y ]\Zqbn +S+W1yO
aVS1 dh1ZSqE ]\b\Yd hb\ Wp+Sb ,*a S f\h1bE hb\+m ,*O
j* 3S4Zn ab*W* Wdhj1 La*Sq 8

& )&) H 599
]\b\Yd hb\ jS`\V* S ]`\ab\`Z* /\`\-*E ,1/dk*q V -SO
+1WSE S YZ\-S1 S/db 1pE b\-/* V*V d4VS ,\`\b* S b1aZ*
/\`\-*E ,1/dk*q V 3S4ZSE S Z1YZ\-S1 Z*f\/qb 11x L*bO
e1q ;B57E 58MD 1aZ*q /\`\-*E b\ 1abn ]`*,SWnZmy ]dbn V
\-dE ,1/ 1b V ,1hZ\y 3S4ZSE * jS`\V*q /\`\-*E b\
1abn Z1]`*,SWnZmy ]dbn V \-dE ,1/ 1b V aY1`bSD /Z*O
V\ 1-\,* Z1 f\h1bE hb\+m Vb\OZS+d/n S4 Z*a dYS`*WD
]\ob\Yd\Z/* 1b ,\4Y\3Z\abn V*3/\Yd d4Z*bn \ Z1Y
L6 1b`* 7B=MD
˚ ˝˙˚ ˝˚˚•H
9 Sada \+lqaZSWE V*V Y\3Z\ +d/1b d4Z*bn b1fE Vb\
]`*,SWnZ\aWd3Sb\-dD'b\+d/1b]\ZqbZ\]\/1W*Y
obSf Wp/1y S ]\ b\YdE ,\ hb\ \ZS ,1`qbD Z aV*4*WB wm
d4Z*1b1Sf]\Sf]W\/*YxD/\+*,SWBwaqV\1f\`\j11
/1`1,\ ]`SZ\aSb f\`\jS1 ]W\/mx L*be1q ;B5:E 5;MD 'b\
Z1 \4Z*h*1bE hb\ b1E Vb\ ]\VW\Zq1baq \-dE ZSV\-/* Z1
+d/db \jS+*bnaqD \ \ZS ab*`*pbaq ]\abd]*bn b*VE V*V
ob\-\ f\h1b \-D ˙*,*yb1 ]\aY\b`SYE ]\ V*VSY ]`S4Z*O
V*Y Y\3Z\ d4Z*bn b1fE Vb\ ]`*,SWnZ\ aWd3Sb \-dD
: \E ,\ hb\ ,1`qb SabSZZm1 aWd3Sb1WS \-*E
\aZ\,*Z\ Z* S+WSSD S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB wa1
Sa*ZS1 ,/\fZ\,W1Z\ \-\Y S ]\W14Z\ /Wq \+dh1O
ZSqE /Wq \+WSh1ZSqE /Wq Sa]`*,W1ZSqE /Wq Z*ab*,O
W1ZSq , ]`*,1/Z\abSE hb\+m \3Sy h1W\,1V +mW a,1O
/dk ,\ ,a1YE ]\WZ\abnp ]\/-\b\,W1Z V\ ,aqV\Yd
/\+`\Yd /1Wdx L6 SY\e1p 7B5:E 5;MD ]\ab\W *,1W Z*O
]Sa*W f`SabS*Z*YB w\WdhS, aW\,\ \-*E daWmj*ZZ\1
\b Z*aE ,m ]`SZqWS 1-\ Z1 V*V aW\,\ h1W\,1h1aV\1E Z\
9D *V Y\3Z\ d4Z*bn b1fE Vb\ ]`*,SWnZ\ aWd3Sb \-dH
:E ;D \h1Yd ]\VW\Z1ZS1 \-d /\W3Z\ +mbn \aZ\,*Z\ Z* S+WSSH 1O
Yd Z*a dhSb ]`SY1` Sada*H

59: ˚ )H
V*V b\E h1Y \Z\ q,Wq1baq Z* a*Y\Y /1W1EP V*V aW\,\ \O
-*x L5 1aa*W\ZSVSyg*Y 6B57MD \VW\Z1ZS1 \-d /\W3Z\
\aZ\,m,*bnaq Z1 Z* YZ1ZSS Wp/1yE b`*/SgSqf SWS Z*
h1YOb\ 1k1E * b\WnV\ Z* W\,1 \-*E S+WSSD
; a1dh1ZSqSada*+mWS\aZ\,*ZmZ*W\,1\-*D
L`\hSb*yb1 \*ZZ* 5;B5;DM \-/* \Z dhSWE \Z h*ab\
Sa]\Wn4\,*W YmaWS S4 ,qk1ZZ\-\ Sa*ZSq L*be1q
8B8E ;E 5>MD abSZZm1 aWd3Sb1WS \-* +1`db ]`SY1` a SO
ada* P \ZS dh*b b\WnV\ b\YdE hb\ \aZ\,*Z\ Z* S+WSSD
< \VW\Zqpbaq 1/SZab,1ZZ\Yd SabSZZ\Yd \-d
1-\,1D a*WY1

& )&) H 59;
V*V S Z1 Wp+qkSy a,\1-\ +`*b*xD 1k1B wm /\W3Zm
Wp+Sbn /`d- /`d-*D m Z1 /\W3Zm +mbn b*VSYSE V*V *O
SZE V\b\`my +mW \b ˛W\-\ S d+SW a,\1-\ +`*b*x L5 \*ZO
Z* 7B5>P56C 8B6>E 65MD
5> abSZZm1 aWd3Sb1WS \-* -\b\,m b`*bSbn a,\S
aSWm S a`1/ab,* Z* b\E hb\+m ]\Y\-*bn /`d- /`d-d L˚,O
`1qY 5>B68E 69MD ZS /1W*pb /\+`\ ,a1Y Wp/qY L*W*b*Y
:B5>MD
55 \aWdjZm Sadad `SabdE ]\aV\WnVd a]*a1O
ZS1 ,\4Y\3Z\ b\WnV\ h1`14 Z1-\D S+WSS -\,\`SbO
aqB w ZS , V\Y /`d-\Y Z1b a]*a1ZSqE ]\b\Yd hb\ ]\/ Z1O
+\Y Z1b /`d-\-\ SY1ZSE /*ZZ\-\ Wp/qYE V\b\`mY Ym
/\W3Zm a]*abSanx L˙1qZSq 8B56MD 4 9Oy -W*,m ob\y VZSO
-S Ym d4Z*WSE hb\ 1-\,* ]\aW*W Sada* Z* 41YWpE hb\O
+m b\b \b/*W a,\p 3S4Zn V*V ,mVd] 4* ]\aWdjZmf \O
-d Wp/1y L*be1q 6>B6

59< ˚ )H
aWd3Sb1WS \-* ]\abd]*pb V*V *]\ab\WmE V\b\`m1
\/Z*3/m aV*4*WSB wm /\W3Zm ]\/hSZqbnaq \-d V*V
]`*,Sb1WpE * Z1 Wp/qYx L˙1qZSq 9B6=C *`V* 56B5;MD
57 1`qbE hb\ b\WnV\ *`ab,\ \-* `1jSb ,a1 ]`\O
+W1Ym Wp/1yD Sada aV*4*WE hb\ ]\ ,a1Yd YS`d +d/1b
]`\]\,1/*Z* w+W*-*q ,1abn \ g*`ab,1xD L`\hSb*yb1
*be1q 68B58DM S \/Z\ ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ Z1 Y\31b /*bn
Z*Y b\E hb\ /*ab *`ab,\ \-* La*W\Y 58:B7MD Sada ]\O
,1W1WE hb\+m Ym Y\WSWSan \ ]`Sf\/1 ob\-\ *`ab,*B
wdabn ]`S/ 1b b,\ 1 g*`ab,\D dabn b,\q ,\Wq +d/1b
S Z* 41YW1E V*V Z* Z1+1x L*be1q :B5>MD S+WSS +mO
W\ ]`1/aV*4*Z\E hb\ *`ab,\ \-* dab`*ZSb ,a1 ]`*,SO
b1Wnab,*E * a*Y\ w+d/1b ab\qbn ,1hZ\x L˙*ZSSW 6B88MD
58 b*VE V*V ]\O,*j1YdE Vb\ a\\b,1bab,d1b ,a1Y obSY
]`S4Z*V*YB Vb\ \aZ\,m,*1b a,\S dh1ZSq Z* S+WSSH
b\ `*aaV*4m,*1b Wp/qY \+ SY1ZS \-*H V\Y Y\3O
Z\ aV*4*bnE hb\ \ZS ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd Wp+qb /`d- /`dO
-*H b\ ,1`SbE hb\ b\WnV\ h1`14 Sada* `Sab* Y\3Z\
]\WdhSbn a]*a1ZS1H b\ Z1 dh*ab,d1b , ]\WSbSV1H b\
]`\]\,1/d1bE hb\ b\WnV\ *`ab,\ \-* aY\31b `1jSbn
,a1 ]`\+W1Ym Wp/1yH 'b\ ,S/1b1WS 1-\,m La*Sq
87B5>P56MD
˚ %H
59 1/\ab*b\hZ\ ]`\ab\ ,1`SbnE hb\ \- 1abnD ˙*31
/1Y\Zm ,1`qb , ob\E Z\ \ZS Z1 aWdj*pbaq 1-\ L*V\,*
6B5=MD b\+m \-d Z`*,SW\an Z*j1 ]\VW\Z1ZS1E Ym /\WO
3Zm Z1 ]`\ab\ ,1`Sbn , b\E hb\ \Z adk1ab,d1bE Z\ S /1O
W*bn ,a1E \ h1Y \Z Z*a ]`\aSbD
57D h1Y ]`\]\,1/dpb SabSZZm1 aWd3Sb1WS \-*H
58D b\E ]\ ,*j1Yd YZ1ZSpE ]`*,SWnZ\ aWd3Sb \-dH
59D b\ Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE hb\+m \-d Z`*,SW\an Z*j1 ]\VW\Z1ZS1H

˛& ˚E &
)˚) H
ˇ \E ,\ hb\ \ZS ,1`qbE \aZ\,*Z\ Z* S+WSS
ˇ ZS ]\VW\Zqpbaq b\WnV\ 1-\,1 S `*aaV*4m,*pb \ 1-\
SY1ZS /`d-SY
ˇ ZS Wp+qb /`d- /`d-*
ˇ ZS,1`qbEhb\\-]\aW*WSada*`Sab*Z*41YWpE
hb\+m a]*abS Z*a
ˇ ZS Z1 dh*ab,dpb , ]\WSbSV1
ˇ ZS ]`\]\,1/dpbE hb\ b\WnV\ *`ab,\ \-* Y\31b
`1jSbn ,a1 ]`\+W1Ym Wp/1y

5:> ˚ )H
5: b\+m \- ]`SZSY*W Z*j1 ]\VW\Z1ZS1E d Z*a Z1
/\W3Z\ +mbn ZSh1-\ \+k1-\ a W\3Z\y `1WS-S1yD `\O
`\V a*Sq Z*]Sa*WB wmf\/Sb1 \bbd/*DDD f`*ZSb1 a1+q
hSabmYSx La*Sq 96B55C 6 \`SZeqZ*Y :B5;MD \b ]\h1Yd
Ym /\W3Zm \bV*4*bnaq \b ,a1-\E hb\ V*VOb\ a,q4*Z\ a
W\3Z\y `1WS-S1yD
5; *Vdp `1WS-Sp Y\3Z\ Z*4,*bn W\3Z\yH dE , V\b\O
`\y dh*b ]\VW\Zqbnaq \-d Z1 b*VE V*V Z*]Sa*Z\ , 1-\
W\,1D S+WSq Z*4m,*1b ,a1 W\3Zm1 `1WS-SS w*,SW\O
Z\Y 1WSVSYx LbV`\,1ZS1 5;B9MD \h1YdH \ ,`1Y1Z*
]\aW1 ]\b\]* , -\`\/1 *,SW\Z1 ]\q,SW\an \h1Zn YZ\O
-\ Z1]`*,SWnZmf dh1ZSyE V\b\`m1 `*a]`\ab`*ZSWSan
]\ ,a1y 41YW1 S ab*WS dh1ZSqYS W\3Zmf `1WS-SyD
*]`SY1`E Wp/SE 3S,jS1 , *,SW\Z1E ]\VW\ZqWSan +\O
-*YE \+l1/SZ1ZZmY , -`d]]m ]\ b`\1D 1-\/Zq b\31 ,\
YZ\-Sf `1WS-Sqf Wp/S ahSb*pbE hb\ \- P `\Sg*D \ ,
S+WSS qaZ\ aV*4*Z\E hb\ 1abn b\WnV\ \/SZ \- P 1-\O
,*E * Sada `Sab\a P ob\ 1-\ mZ L\*ZZ* 5;B7MD *V31
3Sb1WS *,SW\Z* ,1`SWSE hb\ d h1W\,1V* 1abn /dj*E V\O
b\`*q ]\aW1 1-\ aY1`bS ]`\/\W3*1b 3Sbn S Y\31b ]\O
]*abn,*/D\ob\Z1]`*,/*DLY\b`Sb1`SW\31ZSq58E
5; S 5

& )&) H 5:5
h*bn ]\VW\Zqbnaq 1-\,1E Vb\Ob\ S4 ,*jSf /`d41y SWS
`\/Zmf Y\31b ,*a Z1 ]\Zqbn SE ,\4Y\3Z\E /*31 ab*Z1b
]`\bS,\/1yab,\,*bn ,*YD \ 1-\,* Z1 +`\aSb ,*aD *O
h*, aWd3Sbn \-dE ,m ab*Z1b1 h*abnp a1YnSE a\ab\qk1y
S4 YSWWS\Z\, Wp+qkSf /`d- /`d-* +`*bn1, S a1ab1` a*O
Ymf `*4Zmf Z*gS\Z*WnZ\ab1yD *V31 d ,*a ]\q,Sbaq
Z*/13/* 3Sbn ,1hZ\ , Z\,\Y YS`1E V\b\`my \+1k*1b
\- L*`V* 5>B6MD ,]\WZ1 ,\4Y\3Z\E Vb\Ob\ S4 ,*O
jSf +WS4VSfE Vb\ aZ*h*W* +mW ]`\bS, ,*j1-\ `1j1ZSq
aWd3Sbn 1-\,1E a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y 4*f\h1b S4dh*bn S+WSpD
6> h1Zn aV\`\ \- d+1`1b a 41YWS ,a14W\ES1-\*`O
ab,\ Z*hZ1b ]`*,Sbn L6 1b`* 7B=E 57MD m a Z1b1`]1ZSO
1Y 3/ 1Y ob\-\ ,`1Y1ZSE ,1/n b\-/* ,a1 Wp/S +d/db ]`*O
,SWnZ\ ]\VW\Zqbnaq 1-\,1 P b*VE V*V ob\-\ f\h1b \ZD
*hZSb1aWd3Sbn1-\,1d31a1yh*aD
6>D \h1Yd ,*3Z\ Z*h*bn aWd3Sbn 1-\,1 d31 a1yh*aH
*h*, aWd3Sbn 1-\,1E ,m
ab*Z1b1 h*abnp +\Wnj\y
S /`d3Z\y a1YnS

˚˙˚&
( ˚(
w4VS ,\`\b* S b1aZ* /\`\-*E ,1/dk*q V 3S4ZSE
SZ1YZ\-S1Z*f\/qb1 1x L*be1q ;B58MD
bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ Z1 ,a1 `1WS-SS ,1/db V \-dH
*be1q ;B65P67
\-d d-\/Zm Z1 ,a1 `1WS-SSE
]\b\Yd hb\ Z1 ,a1 \ZS Sa]\WO
Zqpb 1-\ ,\WpD
*be1q ;B57E 58
abSZZ*q `1WS-Sq ,1/ 1b
V,1hZ\y3S4ZSE*W\3Z*qP
VdZShb\31ZSpD
*be1q ;B5:E 5;
]`1/1WSbn b1fE Vb\ ]`*,SWnO
Z\ ]\VW\Zq1baq \-dE Y\3Z\
]\ Sf /1W*YD 1 Zd3Z\ SaaW1O
/\,*bn ,a1 `1WS-SSE /\ab*O
b\hZ\]`\ab\d4Z*bnEh1Yd
dhSb S+WSqD
&
)&) H
5 1aa*W\ZSVSyg*Y 6B57C
6SY\e1p7B5:E5;
1`Sbn b\WnV\ , b1 dh1ZSqE
V\b\`m1 \aZ\,*Zm Z* S+WSSE
S`*aaV*4m,*bn\ZSf/`d-SYD
*be1q 8B5>C \*ZZ* 5;B:
\VW\Zqbnaq 1-\,1 S Z*4mO
,*bn1-\]\SY1ZSD
\*ZZ* 57B79
\OZ*ab\qk1Yd Wp+Sbn /`d-
/`d-*D
\*ZZ* 7B7:C ˙1qZSq 8B56
Wdj*bnaq Sada* `Sab*D
]*a1ZS1 ,\4Y\3Z\ b\WnV\
h1`14 Sada*D
\*ZZ* 5
`\]\,1/\,*bn \ b\YE hb\
b\WnV\ *`ab,\ \-* aY\31b
`1jSbn ,a1 ]`\+W1YmD

5:7
˚ ˙˝
˝˙& ˙˚
b\ Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE hb\+m \-d Z`*,SW\an Z*j1
]\VW\Z1ZS1H
*V\,* 6B5=
1/\ab*b\hZ\ ]`\ab\ ,1`Sbn
, \-*D d3Z\ /1W*bn b\E hb\
\Z -\,\`Sb Z*Y h1`14 S+WSpD
a*Sq 96B55C bV`\,1ZS1 5;B9
\3Zm1 `1WS-SSE SWS w*,SO
W\Z 1WSVSyxE dh*b Wp/1y ]\O
VW\Zqbnaq \-d b*VE V*V 1Yd
Z1 Z`*,SbaqD 1V\b\`m1 W\3O
Zm1 dh1ZSqB dh1ZS1 \ `\Sg1E
\+1aaY1`bSS/djSS\+\-O
Z1ZZ\Y */1D
bV`\,1ZS1 5B6
\4Y\3Z\E Vb\Ob\ +d/1b ]`\O
bS, ,*j1-\ `1j1ZSq aWd3Sbn
1-\,1E Z\ 1-\,* ,*a
Z1 +`\aSbD

5:
)•˚& E
˚ ˙
˛) S+WSpE ,m d4Z*WSE hb\ dh1ZSq S /1W* YZ\O
-Sf Wp/1yE Z*4m,*pkSf a1+q ,1`dpkSYSE Z1d-\/Zm \O
-d L6 \`SZeqZ*Y :B5;MD 1-\,* -\,\`Sb Z*YE hb\ Zd3Z\
dybS S4 W\3Z\y `1WS-SSE w*,SW\Z* 1WSV\-\x LbV`\O
,1ZS1 5

)•˚& E ˚ ˙ 5:9
]\/\+Z\1D L`\hSb*yb1 af\/ 6>B8E 9C a*W\Y559B8P

5:: ˚ )H
W\3Z\y `1WS-S1yH \/Z\y oZgSVW\]1/SS \+lqaZq1baqE
hb\ 69 /1V*+`q q4mhZSVSE 3S,jS1 , SYaV\y SY]1`SSE
\bY1h*WS /1Zn `\3/1ZSq a\WZg*D \aV\WnVd a,qk1ZZSO
VS f\b1WSE hb\+m q4mhZSVS ]`SZqWS f`SabS*Zab,\E \ZS
a/1W*WS ob\b /1Zn /Z1Y `\3/1ZSq Sada* `Sab*D \ Z*
a*Y\Y/1W1\ZZ1`\/SWaq,ob\b/1Zn LdVS 6B

)•˚& E ˚ ˙ 5:;
YS \-* LmbS1 8>B6>C *`V* :B65MD * b*VSf ]`*4/ZSV*f
Wp/S ]`\aW*,WqWS W\3Zmf +\-\,D \ob\YdE V*V -\,\`SbO
aq , \/Z\y oZgSVW\]1/SSE ]1`,m1 f`SabS*Z1 wahSb*WS
Wp+\1 ]`*4/Z\,*ZS1 /Zq `\3/1ZSq q4mh1aVSY \+mh*O
1Yx LThe World Book EncyclopediaMD
= ˙`1,ZS1 `SYWqZ1 S -`1VS ,1`SWSE hb\ ]`S `\3/1ZSS
h1W\,1V* `q/\Y a ZSY ]`Sadbab,d1b /dfO]\V`\,Sb1WnE
V\b\`my ]\b\Y ,ap 3S4Zn 1-\ \f`*Zq1bD \/Z\y VZSO
-1 -\,\`SbaqB whSb*W\anE hb\ ob\b /df a,q4*Z a +\31O
ab,\YE , /1Zn `\3/1ZSq V\b\`\-\ `\/SWaq ob\b h1W\,1Vx
LThe Lore of BirthdaysMD
5> *V1-\,*\bZ\aSbaqV]`*4/ZSV*YEV\b\`m1a,q4*O
Zm a W\3Z\y `1WS-S1yH La*Sq :9B55E 56MD Z Sf Z1 \/\+`qO
1bD \ob\Yd Ym Z1 ]`*4/Zd1Y ZS /ZS `\3/1ZSqE ZS /`dO
-S1 ]`*4/ZSVSE a,q4*ZZm1 a W\3Z\y `1WS-S1yD
' ˝H
55 1V\b\`m1 Wp/S 4Z*pbE hb\ \3/1ab,\ S /`d-S1
]`*4/ZSVS]`SjWSS4W\3Z\-\]\VW\Z1ZSqD\\ZS]`\O
/\W3*pb Sf ]`*4/Z\,*bnD ZS ahSb*pbE hb\ ]`*4/ZSVS
/*pb ,\4Y\3Z\abn ]`\,1abS ,`1Yq a a1Yn1yD hb\ /dY*O
1b1 ,mH 1a\YZ1ZZ\E ]`\,\/Sbn ,`1Yq a a1Yn1y \h1Zn
,*3Z\D *V a\4/*b1Wn a1YnSE 1-\,* f\h1bE hb\+m , a1O
Ynqf +mWS f\`\jS1 \bZ\j1ZSq L'e1aqZ*Y 7B58E 59MD \O
Z1hZ\E 1aWS Ym a\-W*aSYaq \bY1bSbn a `\/ab,1ZZSV*YS
V*V\yOb\ ]`*4/ZSVE a,q4*ZZmy a W\3Z\y `1WS-S1yE Ym
a/1W*1Y SY ]`SqbZ\D \ /Wq Z*a ,*3Z11 a\f`*ZSbn f\`\O
jS1 \bZ\j1ZSq a 1-\,\yD ]\ab\W *,1W aV*4*WB w1O
]`1ab*ZZ\ d/\ab\,1`qyb1an , b\YE hb\ d-\/Z\ \a]\/dx
L'e1aqZ*Y 9B5>MD
5>D \h1Yd f`SabS*Z1 Z1 /\W3Zm ]`*4/Z\,*bn /ZS `\3/1ZSqH
55D \h1Yd Wp/qY Z`*,Sbaq ]`*4/Z\,*bn ]`*4/ZSVSH b\ /\W3Z\
+mbn a*YmY ,*3ZmY /Wq Z*aH

5:< ˚ )H
56 Z\-S1 Wp/S ahSb*pbE hb\ ]`\Saf\3/1ZS1 ]`*4O
/ZSV\, Z1 SY11b 4Z*h1ZSqD \ 1-\,* b*V Z1 /dY*1bD Z
Z1 \/\+`q1b ]`*4/ZSVSE a,q4*ZZm1 a W\3ZmY ]\VW\Z1O
ZS1Y SWS ]`\aW*,WqpkS1 V\-\Ob\ S4 Wp/1yE * b*V31
]*b`S\bSh1aVS1 ]`*4/ZSVSD \b ]`SY1`D 1-S]bqZ +mO
W\ YZ\-\ ]`*4/ZSV\, , h1abn Sf W\3Zmf +\-\,D \-/*
S4`*SWnbqZ1 ,mjWS S4 ˚-S]b*E \ZS ab*WS ]`*4/Z\,*bn
\/SZ S4 1-S]1baVSf ]`*4/ZSV\,D f\bq \ZS Z*4,*WS 1-\
w]`*4/ZSV\YE ]\a,qk1ZZmY 1-\,1xE 1-\,* Z*V*4*W Sf
4* 1-\ ]`*4/Z\,*ZS1 Laf\/ 76B6P5>MD S+WSq ]`S4m,*O
1b Z*aB w1 ]`SV*a*yb1an V Z1hSab\YdxD L`\hSb*yb1
a*SS 96B55DM
%•˚ ˙
57 ˚aWS ,m `1jSWS Z1 ]`*4/Z\,*bn ]`*4/ZSVSE ,\4Y\3O
Z\E ,*a ,a1 31 ,\WZd1bB wb\ q aV*3d a\b`d/ZSV*YE 1aWS
\ZS a]`\aqb Y1ZqE ]\h1Yd q Z1 f\hd ]`*4/Z\,*bn a ZSYS
b\b SWS SZ\y ]`*4/ZSVH `SZSY*bn WS ]\/*`VS Z* ]`*4O
/ZSVH *V ]\abd]SbnE 1aWS Yd3 SWS 31Z* ]`\aSbE hb\+m
q \bY1bSW ]`*4/ZSV ,Y1ab1 a ZSYSH b\ /1W*bnE hb\+m
/1bS Z1 `*aab`*S,*WSan S4O4* b\-\E hb\ Ym Z1 +d/1Y ]`*4O
/Z\,*bn Sf /1Zn `\3/1ZSq SWS /`d-\y ]`*4/ZSVHx
58 Sbd*gSS +m,*pb `*4ZmYSD \ob\Yd V*3/my `*4
ab\Sb f\`\j\ ]\/dY*bn \ b\YE hb\ aV*4*bn S V*V ]\abdO
]SbnD *]`SY1`E 1aWS Vb\Ob\ ]\4/`*,Wq1b ,*a a ]`*4/ZSO
V\YE ,m Y\31b1 ]`\ab\ ]\+W*-\/*`Sbn ob\-\ h1W\,1V*D
\ 1aWS \Z SWS \Z* f\h1b d4Z*bnE ]\h1Yd ,m Z1 \bY1h*1O
b1 ob\b ]`*4/ZSVE Y\3Z\ ]\/`\+Z11 `*aaV*4*bn \ a,\Sf
56D *VS1 ]`*4/ZSVS 1-\,* Z1 \/\+`q1bH
57D *VS1 ,\]`\am Y\-db d ,*a ,\4ZSVZdbnE 1aWS ,m `1jSWS Z1 ]`*4O
/Z\,*bn ]`*4/ZSVSH
58E59Db\/1W*bnE1aWS,*a]\4/`*,Wqpba]`*4/ZSV\YSWS/*`qb
]\/*`\VH

)•˚& E ˚ ˙ 5:=
d+13/1ZSqfD a1-/* -\,\`Sb1 ]\O/\+`\Yd S dhSbm,*yO
b1 hd,ab,* a\+1a1/ZSV*D S+WSq a\,1bd1bB wdabn ,*j*
`1hn ,a1-/* +d/1b Wp+14Z\yE ]`S]`*,W1ZZ\y a\WnpE hb\O
+m ,m 4Z*WSE V*V \b,1h*bn V*3/\Ydx L\W\aaqZ*Y 8B:MD
*]`SY1`E Y\3Z\ aV*4*bnE hb\ ,*Y Z`*,Sbaq \+k*bnaq a
/`d4nqYS S /*`Sbn ]\/*`VSE Z\ ,*Y Z1 f\b1W\an +m /1O
W*bn ob\ , a,q4S a obSY ]`*4/ZSV\YD
59 hb\E 1aWS ,*Y /*`qb ]\/*`\VH S+WSS Z1b V\ZO
V`1bZmf ]`*,SW Z* ob\b ah1bEZ\,Z1y-\,\`SbaqEhb\Z*O
j* a\,1abn /\W3Z* \ab*,*bnaq hSab\y L5 SY\e1p 5B5

5;> ˚ )H
5; b\ Y\3Z\ a/1W*bnE hb\+m ,*jS /1bS Z1 `*aab`*SO
,*WSanE S4O4* b\-\ hb\ Z1 \bY1h*pb ]`*4/ZSVSE V*V ,a1H
`1Yq \b ,`1Y1ZS ,m Y\31b1 \`-*ZS4\,m,*bn /Wq ZSf
,1a1Wm1 /`d31aVS1 ,ab`1hSD m Y\31b1 /1W*bn SY Z1O
\3S/*ZZm1 ]\/*`VSD /SZ S4 a*Ymf WdhjSf ]\/*`V\, P
ob\ ,*jS ,`1Yq S Wp+\,nD
)•˚& &
5< b\+m `*/\,*bn 1-\,dE Zd3Z\ dybS S4 W\3Z\y `1O
WS-SS S ]1`1ab*bn a\+Wp/*bn \+mh*S S ]`*4/ZSVSE a,qO
4*ZZm1 a Z1yD \ ob\-\ Z1/\ab*b\hZ\ P Zd3Z\ Z*h*bn
]`*,SWnZ\ ]\VW\Zqbnaq \-dD *VH *]`SY1`E `1-dWq`Z\
f\/Sbn Z* f`SabS*ZaVS1 ,ab`1hSD L`\hSb*yb1 ˚,`1qY
5>B68E 69DM ab`1hS a\+`*ZSq P ob\ \h1Zn ,*3Z*q h*abn
]\VW\Z1ZSq \-d La*W\Y 66B66C 566B5MD `\Y1 b\-\E Z* b*O
VSf,ab`1h*fYmY\31Y\+\/`qbn/`d-/`d-*LSYWqZ*Y
5B56MD
5= *V31 Z1\+f\/SY\ `*aaV*4m,*bn /`d-SY \ b\YE hb \
‹
,m d4Z* 1b1 S4 S+WSSD Z\-S1 Wp/S aSWnZ\ \+1a]\V\1Zm
b1YE hb\ , YS`1 ab\WnV\ 4W*D *,1`ZqV*E b*VS1 hd,ab,*
Sa]mbm,*1b S Vb\Ob\ S4 ,*jSf 4Z*V\YmfD *aaV*3Sb1 SY
\ ]`1V`*aZ\y Z*/13/1 Z* +d/dk11D \a1k*q f`SabS*ZO
aVS1 ,ab`1hS S /1Wqan a /`d-SYS b1YE hb\ ,m d4Z* 1b1 S4
S+WSSE ,m a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y ]\yY1b1E hb\ +\Wnj1 Z1 f\bSO
b1 SY1bn ZSh1-\ \+k1-\ a W\3Z\y `1WS-S1yD 1 a\YZ1O
,*yb1anB 1aWS ,m +d/1b1 ]\VW\Zqbnaq 1-\,1 ]`*,SWnZ\E
,m ]\WdhSb1 YZ\-\ `*/\abS S +W*-\aW\,1ZSy \b 1-\,mI
L*W*fSq 7B5>MD
5;D b\ Y\3Z\ a/1W*bnE hb\+m ,*jS /1bS Z1 `*aab`*S,*WSanE S4O4*
b\-\ hb\ Z1 \bY1h*pb Z1V\b\`m1 ]`*4/ZSVSH
5

Wd3Sb1WS 1-\,m P ah*abWS,m1 Wp/S

%•˙˚ ˛ ˝•
˚
w ]\b\Yd ,my/Sb1 S4 Sf a`1/m S \b/1WSb1anDDD
S+\Wnj1Z1]`SV*a*yb1anVZ1hSab\Ydx
L6 \`SZeqZ*Y :B5;MD
\h1Yd Z1]`*,SWnZ\ ]\VW\Zqbnaq \-dE Sa]\Wn4dq
S4\+`*31ZSqH \h1Yd Z1]`*,SWnZ\ ]\VW\Zqbnaq
dY1`jSY ]`1/V*YH
af\/ 6>B8E 9C 5 \*ZZ* 9B65
1-\,1 Z1 Z`*,SbaqE V\-/* WpO
/S ]\VW\Zqpbaq 1YdE Sa]\Wn4dq
S4\+`*31ZSq SWS b\Yd ]\/\+O
Z\1D
˚ ˚ ˛˙
˙%
b\`\4*V\ZS1 5P56
+k1ZS1 a Y1`b,mYS P ob\
Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 \+k1ZS1 a /1Y\O
Z*YSD
w1]`1ab*ZZ\ d/\ab\,1`qyb1an , b\YE hb\ d-\/Z\
\a]\/dx L'e1aqZ*Y 9B5>MD
b\ ]\Y\31b ,*Y ]`SZqbn `1j1ZS1E \bY1h*bn V*V\yOb\
]`*4/ZSV SWS Z1bH
141VSSWn 88B67C
6\`SZeqZ*Y:B58E59
mqaZSb1E Z1 ]`Sj1W WS ob\b
]`*4/ZSV S4 q4mh1ab,*D
af\/ 76B6P5>
˙*31 1aWS Y\bS,m Wp/1yE V\b\O
`m1 ]`*4/Zdpb ob\b ]`*4/ZSVE
f\`\jS1E ob\ Z1 ,a1-/* \4Z*h*O
1bE hb\ \- 1-\ \/\+`q1bD
˙*ZSSW 7B5P6;
1 \bY1h*yb1 ]`*4/ZSVSE ]`\O
aW*,WqpkS1 V*V\-\Ob\ h1W\,1O
V*E \+k1ab,1ZZdp \`-*ZS4*gSp
SWS -\ad/*`ab,1ZZmy aSY,\WD
5SY\e1p5B5

5;7
$))) ˚˝˙˚)
˙E %•˚
wdabn ,*j* `1hn ,a1-/* +d/1b Wp+14Z\yE
]`S]`*,W1ZZ\y a\WnpE hb\+m ,m 4Z*WSE
V*V \b,1h*bn V*3/\Ydx L\W\aaqZ*Y 8B:MD
*V ,1abS a1+qE V\-/* \+lqaZq1jn a,\S d+13/1ZSq
/`d-SYH
*be1q ;B56
,*3*yb1 `1j1ZSq /`d-SfE
,1/n ,m f\bSb1E hb\+m \ZS
d,*3*WS ,*jS `1j1ZSqD
6SY\e1p6B68
\-/* -\,\`Sb1 a V1YOb\ \ a,\O
Sf d+13/1ZSqfE Z1 a]\`nb1D
d/nb1 b*VbShZmYSD
51b`*7B59
\,\`Sb1 ]\O/\+`\Yd S ]`\q,O
Wqyb1 d,*31ZS1E V\-/* \bab*SO
,*1b1 a,\S d+13/1ZSqD
˚,`1qY 5>B68E 69
* ,ab`1h*f a\+`*ZSq ,m ]\O
WdhSb1 ]\//1`3Vd S Z* dhSb1an
‹
]`*,SWnZ\ \+lqaZqbn a,\S
d+13/1ZSqD

5;
˝ &) H
" ]W*Z1b* Z* e\Z1 \-`\YZ\y a1W1ZZ\y V*31bO
aq a\,a1Y Y*W1ZnV\yD Wp/S Z* Z1y P 1k1 Y1Znj1D
S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ /Wq 1-\,m g1Wm1 Z*`\/mE
V*V \/Z* V`\j1hZ*q V*]Wq ,\/m La*W\Y 559B59C a*Sq
8>B59MD b1Y Z1 Y1Z11 , a*WY1 589B5

5;9
w\4/*b1Wn Z1+* S 41YWSx
-\b\, aWdj*bn Z*jS Y\WSb,m
La*W\Y 559B59M
1-\,mD ˚aWS /`d4nq h*ab\ \+k*pbaq /`d- a /`d-\Y S
/1Wqbaq a,\SYS YmaWqYSE hd,ab,*YS S ]1`13S,*ZSqO
YSE Sf /`d3+* ab*Z\,Sbaq V`1]h1D 1`14 S+WSp 1O
-\,* ]\/1WSWaq a ,*YS a,\SYS YmaWqYS S hd,ab,*YS
S `*aaV*4*W \ b\YE hb\ a/1W*1b , +d/dk1YD m b\31
Y\31b1 ,a1-/* -\,\`Sbn 1Yd \ a,\Sf a*Ymf -Wd+\VSf
hd,ab,*fD \-/* ,*j* /`d3+* a 1-\,\y +d/1b ab*Z\O
,Sbnaq V`1]h1 L*V\,* 8B

5;: ˚ )H
: ˚aWS Ym f\bSYE hb\+m \- aWdj*W Z*jS Y\WSbO
,mE Zd3Z\ ,1`Sbn , Z1-\ L*`V* 55B68MD ]\ab\W *O
,1W \+lqaZSWB w14 ,1`m d-\/Sbn \-d Z1,\4Y\3Z\E
]\b\Yd hb\ ]`S+WS3*pkSyaq V \-d /\W31Z ,1`SbnE
hb\ \Z 1abn S hb\ \Z ,\4Z*-`*3/*1b b1fE Vb\ Z*O
ab\yhS,\ Sk1b 1-\x L˚,`1qY 55B:MD 1/\ab*b\hZ\ ]`\O
ab\ -\,\`SbnB w) ,1`pxE Zd3Z\ /\V*4m,*bn a,\p ,1`dD
*VH Wdj*qan \-* ,\ ,a1YD L`\hSb*yb1 *V\,*
6B6:DM
; \WSbnaq Zd3Z\ a\ aV`\YZ\abnp S d,*31ZS1YD
1/n V g*`p SWS ]`14S/1Zbd Ym \+`*k*WSan +m SY1ZO
Z\ b*VD 1-\,* P a1Y\-dkSy \-E ]\ob\Yd \Z 4*aWdO
3S,*1b 1k1+\Wnj1-\]\hb1ZSqLmbS15;B5Ca*W\Y
57

˝ &) H 5;;
,*3Z\ S4+1-*bn aSbd*gSyE , V\b\`mf Z*Y b`d/Z\ +mO
W\ +m ]`\bS,\ab\qbn ob\Yd SaVdj1ZSp L\W\aaqZ*Y
7B9MD 1]1`n /*,*yb1 \b,1bSY Z* Z1V\b\`m1 ,\]`\am \
Y\WSb,1D
% ˚
= \Yd Ym /\W3Zm Y\WSbnaqH Sada `Sab\a
dhSW a,\Sf dh1ZSV\, Y\WSbnaq wbgd Z* Z1+1a*fx
L*be1q :B=MD *V31 \Z aV*4*WB w) P ]dbnE SabSZ* S
3S4ZnD SVb\ Z1 ]`Sf\/Sb V bgd SZ*h1E V*V b\WnV\
h1`14 Y1Zqx L\*ZZ* 58B:MD 4 ob\-\ Y\3Z\ a/1W*bn
,m,\/E hb\ Y\WSbnaq Zd3Z\ b\WnV\ 1-\,1 S h1`14
Sada* `Sab*D b\ \4Z*h*1b Y\WSbnaq h1`14 Sada*
`Sab*H 'b\ \4Z*h*1b ]`S4Z*,*bn \a\+dp `\Wn SO
ada* , 4*YmaW1 1-\,mD Z ]`Sj1W Z* 41YWpE hb\+m
\a,\+\/Sbn Z*a \b -`1f* S aY1`bS L\*ZZ* 7B5:C SYO
WqZ*Y 9B56MD `\Y1 b\-\E \Z Z*4Z*h1Z 1-\,\y ]1`,\O
a,qk1ZZSV\Y S ad/n1y L\*ZZ* 9B66C ˚,`1qY :B6>MD
5> *V Zd3Z\ Y\WSbnaqH S+WSq Z1 -\,\`SbE hb\
Zd3Z\ \+q4*b1WnZ\ Y\WSbnaq Z* V\W1ZqfE aS/q SWS
ab\qD \WSbnaq 1-\,1 Y\3Z\ , Wp+\y d,*3Sb1WnZ\y
]\41 L5 1b\]San 5;B5:C 11YSq C *`V*
55B69MD ˙Wq 1-\,m a*Y\1 -W*,Z\1 P hb\ d Z*a , a1`/g1D
\WSbnaq Y\3Z\ , Wp+\Y Y1ab1 S , Wp+\1 ,`1YqD 1O
-\,* daWmjSb Z*aE /*31 1aWS Ym Y\WSYaq Z1 ,aWdfE *
]`\ a1+q L11YSq 6B5P:MD
55 h1Y Y\3Z\ Y\WSbnaqH \WSbnaq Y\3Z\ \+\
,a1YE hb\ Z1 ]`\bS,\`1hSb ,\W1 \-*D S+WSS
=D \Yd Ym /\W3Zm Y\WSbnaqH 1`14 V\-\ Zd3Z\ Y\WSbnaqE V*V ob\
,S/Z\ S4 \*ZZ* 58B:H
5>D *V Zd3Z\ Y\WSbnaq \-dH
55D h1Y Y\3Z\ Y\WSbnaqH

5;< ˚ )H
-\,\`SbaqB w1-\ +m Ym ZS ]`\aSWS ]\ 1-\ ,\W1E \Z
aWmjSb Z*ax L5 \*ZZ* 9B58MD Y\3Z\ WS ]`\aSbn d
\-* h1-\OZS+d/n WShZ\ /Wq a1+qH ˙*D 1-\,* f\h1bE
hb\+m Ym `*aaV*4m,*WS 1Yd ,a1V*V/`d-dDY\WSb,1
Y\3Z\ Z1 ab1aZqbnaq a,\Sf YmaW1y S hd,ab, La*W\Y
:6B

˝ &) H 5;=
WSb,mH S+WSS \+ ob\Y Z1 -\,\`SbaqD a 1 4*O
,SaSb \b aSbd*gSSD \4Y\3Z\E ]1`1/ 1/\y Ym ]\Y\O
WSWSan +m V\`\bV\D 1aWS Ym 4* hb\Ob\ +W*-\/*`SY
1-\,d SWS `*aaV*4m,*1Y 1Yd \ a,\Sf +1a]\V\yab,*fE
b\ Y\WSb,*E aV\`11 ,a1-\E +d/1b /WSZZ11 L5 *YdSW*
5B56E 59MD \ Z1 aW1/d1b a]1gS*WnZ\ ]`\S4Z\aSbn /WSZO
Zm1 Y\WSb,mE 31W*q ]`\S4,1abS ,]1h*bW1ZS1 Z* /`dO
-SfE V*V ob\ /1W*WS Z1V\b\`m1 Wp/SE 3S,jS1 , /ZS
\WSbnaq Y\3Z\ ,a1-/*
S,14/1

5
1-\,* Y\31b \b,1bSbn Z* Y\WSb,dE
]\+d/S, V\-\Ob\ S4 a\+`*ZSq
]`SybS Z*Y Z* ]\Y\kn
Sada* LdVS 6>B8:E 8;MD 1 ab\Sb /dY*bnE hb\ b*VS1
Y\WSb,m Y\-db ,]1h*bWSbn 1-\,dD ˙Wq Z1-\ ,*3Z\E
hb\+m Y\WSb,* Saf\/SW* \b a1`/g*D
58 *V h*ab\ aW1/d1b Y\WSbnaqH 1-\,* 31W*1bE
hb\+mYm-\,\`SWSaZSYV*VY\3Z\h*k1DS+WSq
]\+d3/*1b Z*aB w1]`1ab*ZZ\ Y\WSb1anxE w1 ]`1V`*O
k*yb1 Y\WSbnaqx L*be1q 6:B85C SYWqZ*Y 56B56C 5 1aO
a*W\ZSVSyg*Y 9B5;MD \h1YdH \b\Yd hb\ 1-\,* ,a1O
-/* -\b\, Z*a aWdj*bnD m Y\31Y V*3/my /1Zn +W*-\O
/*`Sbn 1-\ 4* 1-\ Wp+\,n S k1/`\abn S ]`\aSbn 1-\ \
b\YE hb\+m \Z `dV\,\/SW Z*j1y 3S4ZnpE ]\//1`3SO
,*W Z*a S /*,*W Z*Y aSWD ˚aWS Ym Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 g1ZSY
58D *V h*ab\ Zd3Z\ Y\WSbnaq S ]\h1YdH

˝ &) H 5

5MD
Z\-/* \b,1b Z* Y\WSb,d Y\31b \V*4*bnaq Z1 b*VSYE
V*V Ym \3S/*WSD *]`SY1`E Ym ]`\aSWSE hb\+m 1O
-\,* d+`*W V*VdpOb\ ]`\+W1Yd S4 Z*j1y 3S4ZSE * \Z
,Y1ab\ ob\-\ /*W Z*Y aSW a Z1y a]`*,SbnaqD L`\hSO
b*yb1 SWS]]Syg*Y 8B57DM
6> *V 31 4*Y1h*b1WnZ\E hb\ Ym Y\31Y Y\WSbnaq
1-\,1I 1 a\YZ1,*yb1anB 1-\,* aWmjSb ,*a La*O
W\Y 589B5

˚ "&
" %
w1-\,* +WS4\V V\ ,a1Y ]`S4m,*pkSY 1-\E V\
,a1Y ]`S4m,*pkSY 1-\ , SabSZ1x La*W\Y 589B5

5
b\YEhb\+mSa]\WZqW*an,\Wq
1-\,mD
51b\]San6=B5>P57
Y\WSb,1Y\3Z\+W*-\/*`Sbn
\-*D
*be1q :B55P57
WShZmf]\b`1+Z\abqfP\b\YE
hb\ +1a]\V\Sb WShZ\ ,*aD
dVS 55B57
a,qb\Y/df1D
*V\,* 5B9
Yd/`\abS ]`S ]`SZqbSS
`1j1ZSyD
SWS]]Syg*Y 8B57
aSW1E hb\+m a]`*,Wqbnaq
ab`d/Z\abqYSD
'e1aqZ*Y 5B7E ;
]`\k1ZSS -`1f\,D
˙1qZSq 56B9
+W*-\]\WdhSS /`d-SfD
˚ ˚˚
%
w Wdj*b1Wn Y\WSb,E V b1+1 ]`S/ 1b ,aqV*q
]W\bnx La*W\Y :9B6MD
*V 1-\,* \b,1h*1b Z* Z*jS Y\WSb,mH
`SbhS 56B69C
bV`\,1ZS1 58B:
1-\,* Y\31b ]\Y\hn Z*Y h1`14
*Z-1W\, SWS V\-\Ob\ S4 Wp/1yD
6\`SZeqZ*Y8B;
1-\,* /* 1b a,qb\y /dfD
SWS]]Syg*Y 8B:E ;E 57
b\+m ]\Y\hn a]`*,Sbnaq a b`d/O
Z\abqYSE \Z /* 1b Z*Y aSW S \kdO
k1ZS1 a]\V\yab,SqD
*W*b*Y :B5C 6 SY\e1p 7B5:E 5;
4S+WSSSZ*,ab`1h*f
a\+`*ZSq Ym ]\Wdh*1Y \b 1-\,m
Yd/`\abnE Z1\+f\/SYdp /Wq
]`SZqbSq `1j1ZSyD

5<
˛ )&)
˚&)H
˛) obd VZS-dE ,m ]\4Z*V\YSWSan a\ YZ\-SYS
+S+W1yaVSYS dh1ZSqYSE Z*]`SY1`B \ ,1hZ\y 3S4ZSE
\a\ab\qZSSY 1`b,mf S \ ,\aV`1a1ZSS L'VVW14S*ab
=B9C dVS 67B87C \*ZZ* 9B6

5

˛ )&) ˚&)H 5B68E 69MD
: \Z1hZ\E 1-\,* Z1 \3S/*1bE hb\ d31 /\ V`1O
k1ZSq ,m +d/1b1 /\aV\Z*WnZ\ 4Z*bn S+WSpD Z
Z1 \3S/*W ob\-\ S \b oeS\]*E V\b\`my 4*f\b1W V`1O
abSbnaq L˙1qZSq E 75MD m +d/1Y d4Z*,*bn \ \O
-1 ,ap ,1hZ\abn L'VVW14S*ab 7B55MD b\+m V`1abSbnO
aqE /\ab*b\hZ\ 4Z*bn \aZ\,Zm1 +S+W1yaVS1 dh1ZSq S
+mbn a ZSYS a\-W*aZmY L˚,`1qY 9B56MD
; S+WSS aV*4*Z\B w14 ,1`m d-\/Sbn \-d Z1,\4O
Y\3Z\x L˚,`1qY 55B:MD \ob\Yd 1k1 /\ V`1k1ZSq
h1W\,1Vd Zd3Z\ `*4,Sbn ,1`dD S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE
hb\ Z1V\b\`m1 3Sb1WS /`1,Z1-\ \`SZe*E daWmj*,
b\E h1Yd dhSWS ]\aW1/\,*b1WS Sada*E w]\,1`SWS S
V`1abSWSanx L˙1qZSq 5

5B=C
6\`SZeqZ*Y8B57MD
= \4Y\3Z\E ,m 4*f\bSb1 ]\/1WSbnaq Z\,mYS 4Z*O
ZSqYS a a1Yn1yE /`d4nqYSE a\a1/qYS SWS a\b`d/ZSO
V*YSD b*`*yb1an /1W*bn ob\ b*VbShZ\E a b1]W\b\y S
,ZSY*ZS1YD \ ,`1Y1Z1Y ,m aY\31b1 Z*h*bn ]`\]\O
,1/\,*bn ,Y1ab1 a a\+`*ZS1YD \-/* d ,*a ]\q,Sbaq
b*V\1 31W*ZS1E aV*3Sb1 \+ ob\Y b\YdE Vb\ S4dh*1b a
,*YS S+WSpD ˚aWS \Z ahSb*1bE hb\ ,m -\b\,mE S 1aO
WS ,m d31 ab*WS 3Sbn ]\ +S+W1yaVSY ]`SZgS]*YE \Z
,Y1ab1 a ,*YS /\-\,\`Sbaq \ ,ab`1h1 a /,dYq ab*`1yO
jSZ*YS a\+`*ZSqD
5> b*`1yjSZm ]`\,1/db a ,*YS a\+1a1/\,*ZS1E
hb\+m d+1/SbnaqE hb\ ,m ]\ZSY*1b1 \aZ\,Zm1 +S+O
W1yaVS1 dh1ZSqE ,1`Sb1 , ZSfE 3S, 1b1 , a\-W*aSS a
ZSYS S /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ f\bSb1 ab*bn ,S/1b1W1Y 1O
-\,mD 1 ab\Sb +\qbnaq ob\-\ a\+1a1/\,*ZSqE ]\b\O
Yd hb\ ab*`1yjSZm a +\Wnj\y 4*+\b\y \bZ\aqbaq V
hW1Z*Y a\+`*ZSq L˙1qZSq 6>B6D *M V1Y Y\3Z\ /1WSbnaq 4Z*ZSqYSE V\b\`m1 ,m ]\WdhSWSH
+M b\ Zd3Z\ a/1W*bnE hb\+m Z*h*bn ]`\]\,1/\,*bn ,Y1ab1 a a\+`*O
ZS1YH
55D \h1YdE ]`13/1 h1Y Z*h*bn ]`\]\,1/\,*bn a a\+`*ZS1YE ,*3Z\
a/1W*bn Z1\+f\/SYm1 S4Y1Z1ZSq , a,\1y 3S4ZSH

˛ )&) ˚&)H 5C*W*b*Y9B5=P65MD
)˚ #˚˚
56 ˙\ V`1k1ZSq Zd3Z\ a/1W*bn 1k1 \/SZ ,*3Zmy
j*-D ]\ab\W 1b` aV*4*WB w*aV*yb1an S\+`*bSO
b1anE hb\+m S4-W*/SWSan ,*jS -`1fSx L˙1qZSq 7B5=MD
b\ b*V\1 `*aV*qZS1H 'b\ SaV`1ZZ11 a\3*W1ZS1 \
Z1]`*,SWnZmf ]\abd]V*fE a\,1`j1ZZmf , ]`\jW\YD
*]`SY1`E `*aV*qZS1 Z1\+f\/SY\E 1aWS ,m ,1WS +14O
Z`*,ab,1ZZmy \+`*4 3S4ZSD *aV*qbnaq Zd3Z\ /*31
b1YE Vb\ ,ap 3S4Zn ab*`*Waq ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\E
,1/n ,a1 Wp/S -`1jZm1 S Zd3/*pbaq , \3n1Y ]`\O
k1ZSS LSYWqZ*Y 7B67C 9B56MD
57 ˙\ab*b\hZ\ WS ]`\ab\ a\3*W1bn \ b\YE hb\ Ym
]\abd]*WS Z1]`*,SWnZ\H 1bD ]\ab\W 1b` aV*O
4*WE hb\ Zd3Z\ 1k1 S \+`*bSbnaqE b\ 1abn ]1`1O
ab*bn ,1abS ]`13ZSyE Z1]`*,SWnZmyE \+`*4 3S4ZS S
Z*h*bn 3Sbn ]\OZ\,\YdD ]`SY1`dE ]`1/ab*,nb1E hb\
,m ,]1`,m1 \b]`*,SWSan , V*V\yOb\ -\`\/D \]`1O
/1W1ZZmy Y\Y1Zb ,m ]\ZSY*1b1E hb\ 1/1b1 Z1 ,
b\Y Z*]`*,W1ZSSD b\ ,m a/1W*1b1H \Z1hZ\ 31E a+*O
,Sb1 aV\`\abn S \ab*Z\,Sb1anE * 4*b1Y `*4,1`Z1b1an
L/`d-SYS aW\,*YSE \+`*bSb1anM S Z*hZ1b1 /,S-*bnO
aq , ]`*,SWnZ\Y Z*]`*,W1ZSSD \/\+ZmY \+`*4\YE
S4dh*q S+WSpE ,m Y\31b1 4*Y1bSbnE hb\ ,*Y Zd3Z\
hb\Ob\ ]\Y1Zqbn , a,\1y 3S4ZSD d/1b1 WS ,m -\b\,m
a/1W*bn ob\ P \+`*4Z\ -\,\`q w\+`*bSbnaqx P S Z*O
h*bn ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\H
56D \h1Yd `*aV*qbnaq Z1\+f\/SY\ ,a1Y Wp/qYH
57D b\ \4Z*h*1b w\+`*bSbnaqxH

5=> ˚ )H
)#˚˚
58 ˚k1 \/SZ ,*3Zmy j*-E V\b\`my Z1\+f\/SY\ a/1O
W*bn ]1`1/ V`1k1ZS1YEP ob\ ]\a,qbSbnaq 1-\,1D
\a,qk1ZS1 P ob\ \a\+1ZZ*q Y\WSb,*E , V\b\`\y Ym
\+1k*1Y 1-\,1E hb\ +d/1Y ]\VW\Zqbnaq b\WnV\ 1Yd
S ahSb*bn Sa]\WZ1ZS1 1-\ ,\WS a*YmY ,*3ZmY , a,\O
1y 3S4ZS Lb\`\4*V\ZS1 :B59MD
59 +1k*ZS1 aWd3Sbn b\WnV\ 1-\,1 Y\3Z\ a`*,O
ZSbn a \+1k*ZS1Y ]`\3Sbn ,ap 3S4Zn a \/ZSY h1W\O
,1V\YD *aaY\b`SY ob\ Z* ]`SY1`1D \W\/\y h1W\,1V
Z*hSZ*1b df*3S,*bn 4* /1,djV\yD Z d4Z* 1b 11,a 1
Wdhj1 S Wdhj1E S a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y ]\ZSY*1bE hb\ ]\WpO
+SW 11E S f\h1b Z* Z1y 31ZSbnaqD f\bq \Z ]\ZSY*1bE
hb\ ob\ \h1Zn a1`n14Z\1 S \b,1bab,1ZZ\1 `1j1ZS1E
\Z -\b\, a/1W*bn ob\E ]\b\Yd hb\ Wp+Sb 11D
5: ˛Z*V\Yqan a 1-\,\y ,a1 Wdhj1 S Wdhj1E ,m
a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y ]\yY1b1E hb\ Wp+Sb1 1-\ S f\bSb1 aWdO
3Sbn 1Yd \b ,a1y /djSD ,*a ]\q,Sbaq 31W*ZS1 ]\O
\+1k*bn \-d , Y\WSb,1E hb\ ,m +d/1b1 aWd3Sbn 1YdD
S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ Wp+\yE Vb\ f\h1b aW1/\,*bn
4* Sada\YE /\W31Z \b`1hnaq \b a1+q L*`V*

˛ )&) ˚&)H 5=5
ZS1 aWd3Sbn 1YdD *V\y h1W\,1V Z1 f\h1b `*4\h*`\O
,m,*bn 1-\,dD Vb\Ob\ /dY*1bE hb\E 1aWS Z1 ]\a,qO
k*bnaq \-dE b\ Z1 Z*/\ +d/1b \b,1h*bn 4* a,\S ]\O
abd]VSD
5< p+\,n V 1-\,1 ]\Y\31b ,*Y ]`1\/\W1bn ab`*f
]1`1/ \b,1bab,1ZZ\abnpD ˚aWS ,m Wp+Sb1 1-\E ,m +dO
/1b1 /1W*bn ,a1 ,\4Y\3Z\1E hb\+m a/1`3*bn a,\ 1
\+1k*ZS1 L'VVW14S*ab 9B8C \W\aaqZ*Y 5B5>MD m Z1 +dO
/1b1 /dY*bnE hb\ Sa]\WZqbn ,\Wp \-* aWSjV\Y
b`d/Z\D ]\ab\W \*ZZ Z*]Sa*WB wp+\,n V \-d
4*VWph*1baq , b\YE hb\+m Ym a\+Wp/*WS 1-\ 4*]\O
,1/SE S 1-\ 4*]\,1/S Z1 \+`1Y1ZSb1WnZmx L5 \*ZZ*
9B7MD
5= 1-\,* Z1 \3S/*1bE hb\ b1E Vb\ 4*f\h1b 1Yd ]\O
a,qbSbnaqE +d/db +14d]`1hZmYSD Z Z1 3/ 1b \b Z*a
+\Wnj1E h1Y Ym Y\31Y /*bn La*W\Y 5>7B58MD Z \+1O
k*1bE hb\ +d/1b ]\Y\-*bn Z*Y ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\
La*Sq 85B5>MD S+WSq ]`S4m,*1bB w\W*-*yaq Z* 1O
-\,d ,a1Y a,\SY a1`/g1YDDD DDD \Z a/1W*1b b,\S ]dbS
]`qYmYSx L`SbhS 7B9E :MD
˚#˚˚
6> ˚aWS ,m d31 ]\a,qbSWSan 1-\,1E 4Z*hSbE ,m -\O
b\,m V aW1/dpk1Yd j*-d P V`1k1ZSpD
65 \\+kSb1 V\\`/SZ*b\`d a\,1b* ab*`1yjSZ a,\O
1-\ a\+`*ZSqE hb\ ,m ]\a,qbSWSan 1-\,1 S f\bSb1
5D b\ Zd3Z\ a/1W*bn ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V ,m ]\a,qbSWSan 1-\,1H
65E 66D *V ,m Y\31b1 ]d+WShZ\ 4*q,Sbn \ a,\ 1Y 31W*ZSS aWd3Sbn
\-dH

`13/1 h1Y V`1abSbnaqE
Zd3Z\ ]\WdhSbn 4Z*ZSq
S4 S+WSS
1`*E V\b\`*q d ,*a
]\q,SbaqE ]\+d/Sb
,*a /1WSbnaq
+S+W1yaV\y SabSZ\y
a/`d-SYS
V`1abSbnaqD Z ]\]`\aSb V\-\Ob\ S4 ab*O
`1yjSZ \+ad/Sbn a ,*YS \aZ\,Zm1 +S+O
W1yaVS1 dh1ZSqD ˚aWS \ZS d,S/qbE hb\
,m -\b\,mE \ZS ]`1/W\3*b ,*Y V`1abSbnO
aq Z* \/Z\Y S4 +WS3*yjSf V\Z-`1aO
a\, ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mD * V\Z-`1aa1
]`\4,dhSb `1hnE , V\b\`\y +d/1b \+lqaO
Z1Z\ 4Z*h1ZS1 V`1k1ZSqD ˛*b1Y /\VW*/O

˛ )&) ˚&)H 5=7
hSV ]`1/W\3Sb 31W*pkSY V`1abSbnaq \b,1bSbn Z*
/,* ]`\abmf ,\]`\a*D b,1bS, w/*xE ,m ]d+WShZ\
4*q,Sb1 \ a,\ 1Y 31W*ZSS aWd3Sbn \-d LSYWqZ*Y
5>B5>MD
\\+1k*WS WS ,m 1-\,1
ab*bn 1-\ aWd3Sb1W1YH
*j1 V`1k1ZS1 ]\V*31bE
hb\ ,m f\bSb1 Sa]\WZqbn
,\Wp \-*

5=8 ˚ )H
66 1]1`n ,m +d/1b1 -\b\,m ]`SZqbn V`1k1ZS1D *a
]\WZ\abnp \VdZdb , ,\/dD `1k1ZS1 ]\V*31b ,a1YE
hb\ ,m ]\a,qbSWSan 1-\,1 \-d S ab*Z\,Sb1an ,SO
/1b1W1Y 1-\,mD
˛˚ ˚#˚˚
67 Sada aV*4*WE hb\ 1-\ dh1ZSVS /\W3Zm V`1O
abSbnaq w,\ SYq bg*E mZ* S a,qb\-\ /df*xD L`\hSO
b*yb1 *be1q 6

˝ ˚&)H
w\b ,\/*E hb\ ]`1]qbab,d1b YZ1 V`1abSbnaqHx
L˙1qZSq B<
*j1 V`1k1ZS1 ]\V*31b
/`d-SYE hb\ ,m f\bSb1
aWd3Sbn \-dD
*be1q 7B5:
`SV`1k1ZSSZ1\+f\/SY\
]\WZ\abnp \VdZdbnaq , ,\/dB
b*V 31E V*V ob\ a/1W*W SadaD
˚ ˚ ˝˙ ˚
"
wp+\,n V \-d 4*VWph*1baq , b\YE hb\+m
Ym a\+Wp/*WS 1-\ 4*]\,1/SE S 1-\ 4*]\,1/S
Z1 \+`1Y1ZSb1WnZmx L5 \*ZZ* 9B7MD
\h1Yd Z1 Zd3Z\ +\qbnaq ]\a,qbSbnaq 1-\,1H
a*W\Y 5>7B58C a*Sq 85B5>
1-\,* Z1 ahSb*1bE hb\E
]`13/1 h1Y ]\a,qbSbnaq 1YdE
,m /\W3Zm ab*bn +14d]`1hZmO
YSD Z +d/1b ]\Y\-*bn ,*Y ]\O
abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\D
\W\aaqZ*Y 5B5>
p+\,n V 1-\,1 ]\Y\31b
,*Y Z1 +\qbnaq b\-\E hb\ ,m
`*4\h*`d1b1 \-*D

5=:
˝ ˙˚&
˚˚˙ ˚#˚˚H
w Sa]\WZ1ZSS b,\1y ,\WSE \ Y\y \-E
q Z*f\3d `*/\abnE S b,\y 4*V\Z d Y1Zq
,\ ,Zdb`1ZZ\abqfx La*W\Y 8>B

5=
˚˚˚ ˙˝ ˚•
˚˙&˚Ehb\,m\V*4*WSanZ*dWSg1,\,`1O
Yq +d`SD 1+\ ]\b1YZ1W\E a,1`V*pb Y\WZSSE -`\f\O
h1b -`\YD \bO,\b a Z1+* fWmZ1b ,\/*D m Z*hSZ*1b1
SaV*bn dV`mbS1 S da]\V*S,*1b1an b\WnV\ b\-/*E V\-/*
Z*f\/Sb1 Z*/ 13Z\1 Y1ab\D
6 1-\/Zq Ym 3S, 1Y V*V +d/b\ ,\ ,`1Yq b*V\y +d`SD
aW\,Sq , YS`1 a V*3/mY /Z1Y ab*Z\,qbaq ,a1fd31
S fd31D \ d Z*a 1abn Z*/ 13Z\1 dV`mbS1D b\ ob\ 4*
dV`mbS1H a*WY\]1,1g ]Sa*WB w) aV*3d 1-\,1B tm
Y\ 1 d+13Sk1 S Y\q b,1`/mZqE Y\y \-E Z* V\b\`\-\ q
+d/d ]\W*-*bnaqrx La*W\Y =5B6MD \3Z\ aV*4*bnE hb\
1-\,* Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 Z*j1 d+13Sk1E ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z
]\Y\-*1b Z*Y a]`*,Wqbnaq a b`d/Z\abqYS S /* 1b Z*O
/13/d Z* ]`1V`*aZ\1 +d/dk11D
7 V*VSYS +m b`d/Z\abqYS Ym ZS ab\WVZdWSan
Z* Z*j1Y ]dbSE 1-\,* /*ab Z*Y aSW ,a1 ]1`1Z1abSD
Z Z*YZ\-\ aSWnZ11 Wp+mf Z*jSf ,`*-\,D ˙*31 1aWS
, Z*j1y 3S4ZS aWdhSbaq hb\Ob\ d3*aZ\1E Ym Y\31Y
Z1 a\YZ1,*bnaqE hb\ , +d/dk1Y 1-\,* dab`*ZSb ,a1
]\aW1/ab,Sq Z*jSf +1/D S+WSq ]\+d3/*1b Z*aB w\O
f`*Zqyb1 a1+q , \3n1y Wp+,Sx Ld/m 65MD 1 \b/*O
Wqyb1an \b 1-\,mE ,1/n SZ*h1 ,m Z1 aY\31b1 ]\WdO
hSbn 1-\ ]\Y\knD
5E 6D /1 Ym Y\31Y Z*ybS Z*/ 13Z\1 dV`mbS1H
7D b\ Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE hb\+m 1-\,* +mW Z*jSY d+13Sk1YH

5=< ˚ )H
˚&(&
8 b\+m Z1 ]\b1`qbn /`d3+d a 1-\,\yE Z*Y Zd3Z\
]\YZSbnE V*V aSWnZ\ \Z Z*a Wp+SbD \WnV\ ]\/dY*yO
b1E aV\WnV\ ,a1-\ \Z /Wq Z*a a/1W*WD Z ]`\q,SW a,\p
Wp+\,nE V\-/* /*W Z*Y ]`1V`*aZdp ]W*Z1bd S d/S,SO
b1WnZmy `*abSb1WnZmy S 3S,\bZmy YS`D `\Y1 b\-\E
\Z /*W \+SWS1 ,VdaZ\y 1/m S hSab\y ,\/mD 1`14 S+O
WSp 1-\,* a\\+kSW Z*Y \ a,\ 1Y SY1ZS S \ a,\Sf ]`1O
V`*aZmf V*h1ab,*fD \ a*Y\1 g1ZZ\1E hb\ \Z /Wq Z*a
a/1W*WEP ob\ ]\aW*W a,\1-\ mZ*E Sada* `Sab*E Z*
41YWpE hb\+m b\b dY1` 4* Z*a L\*ZZ* 7B5:MD W*-\/*`q
31`b,1 Sada* d Z*a ]\q,SW*an Z*/13/* Z* +d/dk11D
9 1-\,* dab*Z\,SW Z* Z1+1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ P 1aO
aS*ZaV\1 *`ab,\E V\b\`\1 ,aV\`1 dab`*ZSb ,a14W\D
W*-\/*`q ]`*,W1ZSp *`ab,* ,aq 41YWq ab*Z1b `*O
1YE -/1 Wp/S +d/db 3Sbn ,1hZ\E Z*aW*3/*qan YS`\Y S
ah*abn1Y La*W\Y 7;B6=MD *V31 1-\,* ]`\q,Wq1b WpO
+\,nE V\-/* 4*+\bSbaq \ V*3/\Y S4 Z*a , \b/1WnZ\abSD
Z dV*4m,*1b Z*Y a*Ymy WdhjSy ]dbn 3S4ZS S \+1O
k*1bE hb\ ,a1-/* +d/1b aWdj*bn Z*jS Y\WSb,mD
: *V Y\3Z\ \b,1bSbn Z* Wp+\,n 1-\,mH W*-\/*O
`Sb1 1-\ 4* ,a1E hb\ \Z /Wq ,*a /1W*1bD a\3*W1ZSpE
YZ\-S1a1-\/ZqZ1+W*-\/*`ZmD*V*q31aSbd*gSq+mO
W* S ,\ ,`1Y1Z* Sada* `Sab*D /Z*3/mE V\-/* Sada
Sag1WSW /1aqb1`mf ]`\V*31ZZmfE b\WnV\ \/SZ ,1`O
ZdWaqE hb\+m ]\+W*-\/*`Sbn 1-\ LdVS 5;B56P5;MD ˙*,*yO
b1 31 ZSV\-/* Z1 +d/1Y 4*+m,*bn +W*-\/*`Sbn 1-\,dI
; \b,1b Z* Wp+\,n \-* Z*Y b\31 Zd3Z\ 1-\ WpO
8E 9D h 1Y ]`\q,Wq1baq Wp+\,n 1-\,m V Z*YH
:D b\ Zd3Z\ /1W*bn , \b,1b Z* Wp+\,n 1-\,mH
;D *V Zd3Z\ Wp+Sbn 1-\,dH

˚˚˚ ˙˝ ˚• 5==
+SbnD Sada aV*4*W a,\SY dh1ZSV*YE hb\ 1-\,d Zd3O
Z\ Wp+Sbn ,a1Y a1`/g1YE ,a1y /dj\y S ,a1Y `*4dY\YD
L`\hSb*yb1 *be1q 66B7;DM b\ ob\ \4Z*h*1bH
< ˙\ab*b\hZ\ WS ]`\ab\ -\,\`SbnB w) Wp+Wp 1-\O
,dxH 1bD ˚aWS Ym Wp+SY 1-\,d ,a1Y a1`/g1YE ,a1y
/dj\y S ,a1Y `*4dY\YE ob\ /\W3Z\ +mbn ,S/Z\ ]\ Z*O
jSY /1W*Y L*be1q ;B5:P6>MD S+WSS qaZ\ -\,\`SbO
aqE hb\ 1aWS Ym Wp+SY \-*E b\ +d/1Y aWdj*bnaq 1-\
4*]\,1/1yD ˙1W*bn ob\ Z1aW\3Z\E ,1/n w1-\ 4*]\,1/S
Z1 \+`1Y1ZSb1WnZmxD L`\hSb*yb1 5 \*ZZ* 9B7DM
= ˚aWS Ym aWdj*1Yaq 1-\,dE Z*j* 3S4Zn +d/1b
ah*abWS,\y La*Sq 8

6>> ˚ )H
56 b\31b*V4*b`\ZdW\dh1ZSV\,Sada*H\Ehb\
\ZS ]\ZqWS Z1V\b\`m1 Y1ab* S4 Sa*ZSqD \-/* ,m
ab*WS ]\ZSY*bn S+WSpE ,mE Z*,1`ZqV*E b\31 ]\hd,O
ab,\,*WS \-`\YZdp `*/\abnD 'b\ ]\+d/SW\ ,*a +WS31
]\4Z*V\YSbnaq a 1-\,\y S ]\Wp+Sbn 1-\D \ Wp+\,n
V\-dY\31b\abmbnES,mEV\Z1hZ\EZ1f\b1WS+mob\O
-\ L*be1q 68B56MD
57 \bq ,m d31 ab*WS /`d-\Y \-*E Z1\+f\/SY\ ]`\O
/\W3*bn dV`1]Wqbn obS \bZ\j1ZSqD 4Z*,*yb1 S /*WnO
j1 \ \-1 S \+ Sada1 `Sab1 S `*4YmjWqyb1 \ b\YE
hb\ d4Z* 1b1D dabn obS 4Z*ZSq ,WSqpb Z* ,*jd 3S4Zn
L\*ZZ* 5;B7MD \-/* ,m S4dh*1b1 SWS ]`\ab\ hSb*1O
b1 S+WSpE a]`*jS,*yb1 a1+qB wb\ q d4Z*W \+ 1-\O
,1H \h1Yd \Z /\ab\SZ b\-\E hb\+m q Wp+SW 1-\ ,a1Y
a1`/g1Y S /dj\yHx L5 SY\e1p 8B59MD
56E 57D *M b\ Y\31b ]`\S4\ybS a Wp+\,np V \-dH +M b\ ]\Y\31b
Z*YZ1]\b1`qbnWp+\,nV\-dH
˙`d3+* a \-\Y P V*V V\ab 1`E
V\b\`my ]\bdfZ1bE 1aWS , Z1-\
Z1 ]\/+`*am,*bn /`\,*

˚˚˚ ˙˝ ˚• 6>5
58 b\\bWSh*1b+WS4VSf/`d41yH\Ehb\\ZSh*ab\
\+k*pbaqD +k1ZS1 /1W*1b Sf /`d3+d V`1]h1D \/\+O
ZmY \+`*4\YE 1aWS Ym ]\ab\qZZ\ \+k*1Yaq a 1-\O
,\yE Y\Wqan 1YdE ob\ dV`1]Wq1b Z*jd /`d3+d a
ZSYD L`\hSb*yb1 5 1aa*W\ZSVSyg*Y 9B5;DM \WSbO
,* P ob\ 4*Y1h*b1WnZmy ]\/*`\V Z*j1-\ Z1+1aZ\-\
bg*D *jS Y\WSb,m /\W3Zm +mbn SaV`1ZZSYS La*O
W\Y :6B

6>6 ˚ )H
5\`SZeqZ*Y 59B9B68E 69MD d3O
Z\ /1W*bn ,a1 ,\4Y\3Z\1E hb\+m Z1 ]`\]daV*bn ,ab`1O
hS a\+`*ZSqE ,1/n SY1ZZ\ Z* ZSf Ym Y\31Y \+\/`qbn
S dV`1]Wqbn /`d- /`d-*D
5= \a1k*q ,ab`1hSE ,m Z*y/ 1b1 f\`\jSf /`d41yE
V\b\`m1 +d/db ]\Y\-*bn ,*Y ]`S+WS3*bnaq V 1-\,1D
m ]\4Z*V\YSb1an a `*4ZmYS +`*bnqYS S a1ab`*O
YSE V\b\`m1E V*V S ,mE \b ,a1y /djS aWd3*b 1-\,1D
\ \ZS b\31 Z1a\,1`j1ZZm S /1W*pb \jS+VSD \oO
b\Yd +d/nb1 -\b\,m ]`\k*bnD L`\hSb*yb1 \W\aaqO
Z*Y 7B57DM a1-/* /dY*yb1 \ f\`\jSf V*h1ab,*f +`*O
5;D \h1Yd /1W\ ]`\]\,1/S Z1Wn4q \bVW*/m,*bnH
5

˚˚˚ ˙˝ ˚• 6>7
bn1, S a1ab 1` S4 a\+`*ZSq S ab*`*yb1an Z1 4*Y1h*bn
Sf Z1/\ab*bVSD \-/* ,*Y +d/1b W1-h1 Sf Wp+Sbn S ,m
ab*Z1b1 +WS31 V 1-\,1D
) ˝˛&
6> 1-\,* f\h1bE hb\+m ,a1 1-\ /`d4nq +mWS ah*abWSO
,mD S+WSq dhSbE hb\ , +d/dk1Y Z*j* 3S4Zn +d/1b a\O
,1`j1ZZ\ SZ\yD
65 m +d/1Y 3Sbn ,1hZ\E * Z1 ;>P W1bD m +d/1Y
3Sbn , ]`1V`*aZ\Y `*pD Z*a +d/1b S/1*WnZ\1 4/\`\O
,n1D m ZSV\-\ Z1 +d/1Y +\qbnaqD *V\Z1gOb\ Ym ab*O
Z1Y ]\SabSZ1 ah*abWS,mYSI Y1ZZ\ b*Vdp 3S4Zn S+O
WSq Z*4m,*1b wSabSZZ\y 3S4ZnpxD 1-\,* \+1k*1b ]\O
/*`Sbn Z*Y b*Vdp 3S4ZnE Z\ ]`S \/Z\Y daW\,SS P Z*Y
Zd3Z\ wV`1]V\ ,4qbnaqx 4* Z11 L5 SY\e1p :B56E 5=MD
66 b\ \4Z*h*1b wV`1]V\ ,4qbnaq 4* SabSZZdp
3S4ZnxH w˙1W*bn /\+`\x S w+\-*b1bn /\+`mYS /1W*O
YSx L5 SY\e1p :B5

6>8 ˚ )H
,m +d/1b1 aWdj*bnaq 1-\ S /\,1`qbn 1YdD ]\aW1/ZS1
/ZS ob\-\ 4W\-\ YS`* *b*Zm 1-\,* +d/1b \+1`1-*bn
a,\Sf ,1`Zmf aWd3Sb1W1y SE V*V S \+1k*WE ]\/*`Sb
SY ,1hZdp 3S4Zn , `*pD ˙*E ,m Y\31b1 \+`1abS SaO
bSZZdp 3S4ZnI m+\` 4* ,*YSD
1-\,* f\h1bE hb\+m
,m \+`1WS wSabSZZdp 3S4ZnxD
b`1YSb1an WS ,m V Z1yH

˚ (
w\- Wp+Sb YS` b*V aSWnZ\E hb\ \b/*W
a,\1-\ 1/SZ\`\/Z\-\ mZ*E hb\+m V*3/myE
Vb\ ]`\q,Wq1b , Z1-\ ,1`dE Z1 ]\-S+E Z\ SY1W
,1hZdp 3S4Znx L\*ZZ* 7B5:MD
h1Y ]`\q,Wq1baq Wp+\,n \-* V Z*YH
a*W\Y =5B6
1-\,* P Z*j1 d+13Sk1D
Z ]\Y\-*1b Z*Y a]`*,Wqbnaq
ab`d/Z\abqYSD
a*W\Y 7;B6=
Z /* 1b Z*/13/d Z* b\E hb\
,]1`1/S Z*a 3/ 1b ]`1V`*aZ\1
+d/dk11D
5SY\e1p:B56E5=
\- /*ab Z*Y ,1hZdp 3S4ZnD
Z*a +d/1b S/1*WnZ\1 4/\`\O
,n1D m ZSV\-\ Z1 +d/1Y
+\qbnaqD m ab*Z1Y ]\SabSZ1
ah*abWS,mYS S +d/1Y 3Sbn
,]`1V`*aZ\Y`*pD
(˚ ˚
wp+S b,\1-\ \-* 1-\,d ,a1Y a1`/g1YE ,a1y
/dj\yS,a1Y`*4dY\YxL*be1q 66B7;MD
h1Yd ]\+d3/*1b ,*a Wp+\,n V \-dH
dVS 5;B56P5;
W*-\/*`Sbn 1-\ 4* ,a1E
hb\ \Z /1W*1b /Wq ,*aD
*be1q ;B5:P6>
a]\WZqbn 1-\ ,\WpD
5\*ZZ*9B7
Wdj*bnaq \3nSf
4*]\,1/1yD
5SY\e1p:B5<
˙1W*bn /\+`\D

6>:
˚)•˚ (&
˚˚
w\f`*Zqyb1 a1+q , \3n1y Wp+,Sx Ld/m 65MD
b\ Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE hb\+m Z1 ]\b1`qbn /`d3+d
a 1-\,\yH
5 1aa*W\ZSVSyg*Y 9B5;
*V Y\3Z\ h*k1 Y\WSbnaq
1-\,1D
*be1q 6C
6SY\e1p8B6
`S Wp+\y ,\4Y\3Z\abS
`*aaV*4m,*bn /`d-SY
\*`ab,1\-*D
`SbhS 6B5P9
`\/\W3*bn d4Z*,*bn
\+ 1-\,1D
˚,`1qY 5>B68E 69
1-dWq`Z\ ]\a1k*bn ,ab`1hS
a\+`*ZSqD `*bnq S a1ab`m
]\Y\-db ,*Y ]`S+WS3*bnaq
V1-\,1D

5
6
7
˚
Yq \-* P 1-\,*D 'b\ SYq \4Z*h*1b wZ /* 1b ab*Z\,SbnO
aqxD 1-\,* P ,a1Y\-dkSy \-E \Z \4/*b1Wn ,a1-\D Z
a]\a\+1Z \adk1ab,Sbn ,a1E hb\ 4*/dY*WD
* /`1,Z11,`1yaV\Y q4mV1 ob\ SYq a\ab\Sb S4 h1bm`1f
+dV,D `daaV\Y q4mV1 SY a\\b,1bab,dpb +dV,m • SWS
D \`S-SZ*WnZ\Y 1,`1yaV\Y b1Vab1 S+WSS SYq \-*
,ab`1h*1baq ; >>> `*4D `*4Zmf ab`*Z*f Sa]\Wn4dpb `*4O
Zm1 ,*`S*Zbm SY1ZS w1-\,*xC ]`\S4Z\j1ZS1 4*,SaSb \b
q4mV*D
* W*,* 5E *+4*g 59
) ˙˚
\bq S+WSp ]Sa*WS Wp/SE 11 *,b\` P \-D 'b\ b*V 31E V*V
1aWS +m Z*h*WnZSV ]\]`\aSW a1V`1b*`q Z*]Sa*bn ]SanY\D
ob\Y ]SanY1 +mWS +m YmaWS Z*h*WnZSV*E * Z1 a1V`1b*`qD
\31Y\3Z\aV*4*bnS\S+WSSP,Z1y4*]Sa*ZmYmaWS
\-*D 1E Vb\ 11 ]Sa*WE /1W*WS ob\ ]\/ /1yab,S1Y 1-\ a,qO
b\-\ /df*D \- ]1`1/*,*W ,1abS ]\O`*4Z\YdB Z*]`SY1`E \Z
Y\- /*bn h1W\,1Vd ,S/1ZS1 SWS a\ZE V\b\`m1 b\b ]\b\Y 4*O
]Sam,*WD
* W*,* 6E *+4*g 9
S+W1yaVSy ]`SZgS] P ob\ db,1`3/1ZS1E , \aZ\,1 V\b\`\O
-\ W13Sb V*V*qOb\ \aZ\,\]\W*-*pk*q SabSZ*D *]`SY1`E
, +S+W1yaV\Y ]`SZgS]1 wW\f\1 \+k1ZS1 ]\`bSb ]\W14O
Zm1 ]`S,mhVSx 4*W\31Z* b*V*q SabSZ*B b1E a V1Y Ym \+O
k*1YaqE ,WSqpb Z* Z*a L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 59B77MD ]`SZgS]
wb\ ]\a11b h1W\,1VE b\ S ]\3Z1bx a\/1`3Sb YmaWn \ b\YE
hb\ h1W\,1V ZSV*V Z1 Y\31b S4+13*bn ]\aW1/ab,Sy a,\Sf
]\abd]V\, L*W*b*Y :B;MD
* W*,* 6E *+4*g 56

6>< ˚ )H
8
9
:
;
˚
`\`\h1ab,\ P ob\ ]\aW*ZS1 \b \-*E V\b\`\1 ]`\qaZq1b
1-\ ,\Wp S Y\31b ]`1/ab*,Wqbn a\+\y Z*ab*,W1ZS1E ]\,1O
W1ZS1 SWS ad/1+Z\1 `1j1ZS1D 1V\b\`m1 ]`\`\h1ab,* P
ob\ ]`1/aV*4*ZSq b\-\E hb\ ]`\S4\y/ 1b , +d/dk1YD Z\-S1
+S+W1yaVS1 ]`\`\h1ab,* d31 Sa]\WZSWSanD
* W*,* 6E *+4*g 57
˚ ˚
Z\-\hSaW1ZZm1 +S+W1yaVS1 ]`\`\h1ab,* \ 1aaSS SaO
]\WZSWSan Z* Sada1 `Sab1D Y\b`Sb1 `*YVd w`\`\h1O
ab,* \ 1aaSSxD
* W*,* 6E *+4*g 5;E aZ\aV*
˛%˚ ˚% "˚ ˛˚
1-\,* a\4/*W 41YWp /Wq \]`1/1W1ZZ\y g1WSB \Z f\b1WE
hb\+m \Z* ab*W* `*1Y S hb\+m Z* Z1y 3SWS Wp/SE V\b\`m1
1-\ Wp+qbD ˛*Yma1W \-* Z1 S4Y1ZSWaqD V\`\ \Z dab`*ZSb
,a1 4W\ S ]\/*`Sb Wp/qY ,1hZdp 3S4ZnD
* W*,* 7E *+4*g 5
˙&)
*b*Z* P ob\ *Z-1WE V\b\`my +mW ]1`,mYE Vb\ ,\aab*W
]`\bS, \-*D Z Z*4,*Z *b*Z\yE hb\ \4Z*h*1b w]`\bS,O
ZSVxE ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z ]`\bS,Sbaq 1-\,1D *V31 \Z Z*4,*Z
˙nq,\W\YE hb\ \4Z*h*1b wVW1,1bZSVxE ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z -\,\O
`SbW\3n\\-1S\+Y*Zm,*1bWp/1yD
* W*,* 7E *+4*g 8

%˚ ˚ ˚˚
d/1b S4 ]W1Y1ZS d/m mbS1 8=B5> dVS 7B67P77
\/Sbaq\b/1,ab,1ZZSgm a*Sq;B58 *be1q5B5 a1`1+`qZmf Y\Z1b
\b,1b Z* \+,SZ1ZSq
Z* ad/1 +d/1b Y\Wh*bn
˛*f*`Sq 55B56
a*Sq97B;
*be1q 6:B58P5:
*be1q6;B55P58
˚-\ \/13/d `*4/1Wqb
]\ 3`1+Sp
a*W\Y 66B5< *be1q 6;B79
\ ,`1Yq 1-\ V*4ZS Z*
ab\W+1 Ydh1ZSy Z*/ ZSY
+d/db aY1qbnaq
a*W\Y 66B;E <
*be1q 6;B7=P87
S \/Z* 1-\ V\abn
Z1 +d/1b ]1`1W\YW1Z*
a*W\Y 78B6> \*ZZ* 5=B77E 7:
d/1b ]\f\`\Z1Z
a+\-*bmYS
a*Sq97B=
*be1q6;B9;P:>
\aV`1aZ1b a*W\Y 5:B5> ˙1qZSq 6B68E 6;
d/1b ,\aV`1j 1Z V 3S4ZS
Z* Z1+1E -/1 aq/1b
]\ ]`*,dp `dVd \b \-*
a*W\Y 55>B5 ˙1qZSq ;B99E 9:

65> ˚ )H
<
=
5>
˚%
˚k1 4*/\W-\ /\ a\b,\`1ZSq 41YWS 1-\,* a\4/*W +\W11
ab* YSWWS\Z\, *Z-1W\, L˙*ZSSW ;B5>MD ZS /\W3Zm +mWS
3Sbn Z* Z1+1D V*3/\-\ S4 ZSf a,\ 1SYqSa,\yf*`*Vb1`D
* Z1+1 \ZS 4*ZSY*pb `*4Z\1 ]\W\31ZS1D \aV\WnVd ,1`O
Zm1 \-d *Z-1Wm aYS`1ZZmE \ZS Z1 ]`SZSY*pb ]\VW\Z1ZSq
\b Wp/1yD Z-1Wm ,m]\WZqpb a*Ym1 `*4WShZm1 4*/*ZSqE
Z*]`SY1`B aWd3*b ]1`1/ ]`1ab\W\Y 1-\,mE ]1`1/*pb 1-\
,1abSE 4*kSk*pb S Z*]`*,Wqpb 1-\ aWd3Sb1W1y Z* 41YW1E
]`S,\/qb , Sa]\WZ1ZS1 1-\ ]`S-\,\`m S ]\//1`3S,*pb
/1W\ ]`\]\,1/S La*W\Y 78B;C bV`\,1ZS1 58B:C 66BE *+4*g 5
˚
`1f P ob\ Wp+\1 hd,ab,\E YmaWn SWS ]\abd]\VE V\O
b\`m1 ]`\bS,\`1h*b ,\W1 1-\,mD \aV\WnVd -`1f `*4`dO
j*1b Z*jS \bZ\j1ZSq a \-\YE \- /*W 4*V\Zm S ]`SZgSO
]mE V\b\`m1 ]\Y\-WS Z*Y ]\ZqbnE hb \\ZahSb*1b-`1f\YD
‹
\+Wp/*q SfE Ym S4+1-*1Y -`1f\,D 4Z*h*WnZ\ ,a1E hb\
1-\,* a\4/*WE +mW\ a\,1`j1ZZmYE \/Z*V\ /*Y S ˚,*E
a\4Z*b1WnZ\ Z1 ]\aWdj*,jSan 1-\,dE a\-`1jSWS S ]1`1O
ab*WS +mbn a\,1`j1ZZmYSD 4O4* ob\-\ \ZS a\ab*`SWSan S
dY1`WSD *V V*V ,a1Y Wp/qY \b /*Y* ]1`1/*Waq -`1fE ,a1
Ym ab*`11Y S dYS`*1YD
* W*,* 7E *+4*g ;C -W*,* 9E *+4*g 7
˚˙˙
\yZ*E , V\b\`\y \- dZShb\3Sb YS` *b*Zm S ,a14W\D
* W*,* 7E *+4*g 57C -W*,*

˝˚˚ 655
55
56
57
*`ab,\ \-* P ob\ ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\E V\b\`\1 1-\,* dab*O
Z\,SW Z* Z1+1D ˚-\ g*`n P Sada `Sab\aD +d/dk1Y a ]\O
Y\knpob\-\*`ab,*1-\,*dab`*ZSb,a14W\D*`ab,\
\-* +d/1b ]`*,Sbn ,a1y 41YW1yD
* W*,* 7E *+4*g 58
Sada P a*Y\1 ]1`,\1 a\4/*ZS1 \-*D 1-\,* ]\aW*W 1-\
Z* 41YWpE hb\+m \Z dY1` 4* Wp/1yD Sada* d+SWSE S 1-\O
,* 1-\ ,\aV`1aSWD 1yh*a Sada `Sab\a P *`nE \Z ]`*O
,Sb Z* Z1+1 , \3n1Y *`ab,1D
* W*,* 8E *+4*g 6
˚ ˚˙˚) ˚˙˚)
S+WSS+mW\]`1/aV*4*Z\b\hZ\1,`1YqEV\-/*Z*41YWp
]`S/ 1b 1aaSqD 'b\ /\W3Z\ +mW\ ]`\S4\ybS , V\Zg1 ]1`SO
\/* ]`\/\W3Sb1WnZ\abnp := wZ1/1WnxE V\b\`my Z*h*Waq ,
899-\/d/\ZDoDS4*V\ZhSWaq,6=-\/dZDoD
bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ 1aaSq /\W31Z +mW ]\q,Sbnaq SY1ZO
Z\ , 6= -\/d ZD oDH := wZ1/1WnxE \ V\b\`mf d]\YSZ*W\an
`*Z11E Z*h*WSan , 899 -\/d /\ ZD oDE V\-/* , `*4`dj1ZZmy
1`da*WSY ]`S1f*W 11YSq S ab*W 1-\ ,\aab*Z*,WS,*bn
L˙*ZSSW =B69C 11YSq 6B5E 9P

656 ˚ )H
]`\`\h1ab,1 \ ]`Sf\/1 1aaSS b*V31 \]Sam,*WSan a\O
+mbSq 1k1\/Z\yPaW1/dpk1yPwZ1/1WSxEV\b\`*qb\31
]`\/WSbaq a1Yn W1bD \-W*aZ\ ]`\`\h1ab,dE , a1`1/SZ1
ob\-\ ]1`S\/* +d/1b d+Sb 1aaSqE hb\ S aWdhSW\an , 77 -\O
/d ZD oD V\-/* , 7: -\/d ZD oD ob\b ]1`S\/ 4*V\ZhSbaqE +W*O
-*q ,1abn \ *`ab,1 \-* Z*hZ1b ,\4,1k*bnaq Z1 b\WnV\
1,`1qYE Z\ S ,a1Y Z*`\/*Y L˙*ZSSW =B68P6;MD
* W*,* 8E *+4*g ;
w˚&˙˚) ˚˙˚&x
8=> W1b
; Z1/1Wn
L8= W1bM
:6 Z1/1WS
L878 -\/*M
5 Z1/1Wq
L; W1bM
899 8>: ' /\ ZD oD ZD oD * 6= 77 7:
w\,1W1ZS1
,\aab*Z\,SbnDDD
1`da*WSYx
\q,Wq1baq
1aaSq
1aaSq
wd+Sbx
1`da*WSY
\bab`\1Z
\Z1g
wa1YS/1aqbS
Z1/1Wnx

˝˚˚ 657
58
59
˝˚ ˚˚ ˚
S+WSq dhSbE hb\ ,\`1g ,a1-\ P \- 1-\,*E * Sada `SO
ab\a +mW 1-\ ]1`,mY b,\`1ZS1Y L\W\aaqZ*Y 5B59E 5:MD SO
ada Z1 q,Wq1baq a1Y\-dkSY \-\YD Z ZSV\-/* Z1 -\,\O
`SWE hb\ `*,1Z \-dE Z*]`\bS,E \Z db,1`3/*WB wb1g
+\Wnj1 Y1Zqx L\*ZZ* 58B6 W1b ]\aW1 aY1`bS `Sab*
1-\ ]\aW1/\,*b1WS Z1 ]\hSb*WS V`1abD \4/Z11 ,\ ,`1O
Y1Z* ]`*,W1ZSq `SYaV\-\ SY]1`*b\`* \Zab*ZbSZ* V`1ab
ab*W aSY,\W\Y f`SabS*Zab,*D *VSY \+`*4\Y SY]1`*b\`
f\b1W a/1W*bn f`SabS*Zab,\ +\W11 ]`S,W1V*b1WnZmYD /O
Z*V\ V`1ab Z1 SY1W ZSV*V\-\ \bZ\j1ZSq V Sadad `SabdD
w\,\y V*b\WSh1aV\y oZgSVW\]1/SSx -\,\`SbaqB w`1ab
]`Sadbab,d1b , /\f`SabS*ZaV\y S , Z1f`SabS*ZaV\y VdWnO
bd`1xD

658 ˚ )H
5:
5;
6M Sada dY1` Z1 Z* V`1ab1D aZ\,Z\1 4Z*h1ZS1 -`1h1aV\O
-\ aW\,*E ]1`1,1/ 1ZZ\-\ V*V wV`1abxEP ob\ wab\W+xE
w+`1,Z\x SWS w/1`1,\xD \/Z\Y b`d/1 -\,\`SbaqB w -`1O
h1aV\Y b1Vab1 \,\-\ ˛*,1b* Z1b ZSV*VSf dV*4*ZSy Z*
b\E hb\ ob\ +mWS /,* +`1,Z*x LThe Companion BibleMD SO
ada* V*4ZSWS Z* ,1`bSV*WnZ\Y ab\W+1D
7M 1-\,* Z1 f\h1bE hb\+m Ym , ]\VW\Z1ZSS Sa]\Wn4\,*O
WS V*VS1OWS+\ S4\+`*31ZSq SWS aSY,\Wm Laf\/ 6>B8E 9C
5\`SZeqZ*Y5>B58MD
* W*,* 9E *+4*g 56
˚˚) )
Sada `Sab\a ]\,1W1W a,\SY dh1ZSV*Y \bY1h*bn 1h1`p
,\a]\YSZ*ZSq 1-\ aY1`bSD Z* \bY1h*1baq 58 ZSa*Z* P ,
/1ZnE V\-/* S4`*SWnbqZ1 ]`*4/Z\,*WS *afdD \ ,`1Yq 1O
h1`S ]`Sadbab,dpkS1 ]1`1/*pb /`d- /`d-d fW1+ S ,SZ\E
V\b\`m1 aSY,\WS4S`dpb b1W\ S V`\,n `Sab*D ˚/qb fW1+ S
]npb ,SZ\ b\WnV\ b1E Vb\ +d/1b ]`*,Sbn a Sada\Y Z* Z1+1D
131EVb\Z*/1pbaq,1hZ\3SbnZ*41YW1E]`\ab\]`SadbO
ab,dpb Z* ob\y ,ab`1h1D ZS a d,*31ZS1Y Z*+Wp/*pb 4*
]`\Saf\/qkSYE Z\ Z1 1/qb fW1+ S Z1 ]npb ,SZ\D
* W*,* 9E *+4*g 65
˙"
w1`1,\/1 Z\,\-\ YS`*x Z* `daaV\Y q4mV1 aW\,\ w/dO
j*x \]Sam,*1bB 5M h1W\,1V*E 6M 3S,\bZ\1 SWS 7M 3S4Zn h1O
W\,1V* SWS 3S,\bZ\-\D \b ]`SY1`mB
1W\,1VD w /ZS \qDDD Z1YZ\-S1E b\ 1abn ,\a1Yn /djE +mO
WS a]*a1Zm h1`14 ,\/mx L5 1b`* 7B6>MD ˛/1an ]\/ aW\,\Y
w/dj*x ]\/`*4dY1,*pbaq Wp/S P \yE 1-\ 31Z*E b`\1 amO
Z\,1y\qSSf31ZmD
˝S,\bZ\1D w aV*4*W \-B tdabn ,\/m 4*VSj*b YZ\31O
ab,\Y 3S,mf /dj S ]dabn Z*/ 41YW1y ]\ Z1+1aZ\Yd

˝˚˚ 659
5<
5=
]`\ab`*Zab,d ]\W1bqb W1b*pkS1 a\4/*ZSqrD aV*4*W \-B
tdabn 41YWq ]`\S4,1/ 1b 3S,mf /dj ]\ Sf `\/*YB /\Y*jO
Z11 3S,\bZ\1E ,aqV\1 /,S-*pk11aq 3S,\bZ\1 S 41YZ\-\
4,1`q ]\ 1-\ `\/drD ab*W\ b*Vx LmbS1 5B6>E 68MD
˝S4Zn h1W\,1V* SWS 3S,\bZ\-\D 1-\,* aV*4*W \Sa1pB
wa1E Vb\ \f\bSWaq 4* b,\1y /dj\yE dY1`WSx Laf\/ 8B5=MD
\-/*Sada+mWZ*41YW1E\ZaV*4*WBw)P/\+`my]*abdfD
˙\+`my ]*abdf \b/* 1b a,\p /djd 4* \,1gx L\*ZZ* 5>B55MD
W\,\ w/dj*x b*V31 d]\b`1+Wq1baq , a\ab*,1 Z1V\O
b\`mf ,m`*31ZSyD *]`SY1`E 1aWS h1W\,1V \f\bZ\ b`d/SbO
aqE \b/*,*q ,a1 a,\S aSWmE b\ -\,\`qbE hb\ \Z /1W*1b ob\
w\b ,a1y /djSx L'e1aqZ*Y :B:C \W\aaqZ*Y 7B67MD *V31
aW\,\ w/dj*x Y\31b Sa]\Wn4\,*bnaq ]`S \]Sa*ZSS \]`1O
/1W1ZZmf 31W*ZSy h1W\,1V* SWS 3S,\bZ\-\D m`*31ZS1
wY1`b,*q /dj*x ]`SY1Zq1baq V dY1`j1Yd h1W\,1Vd LSaW*
:B:C `SbhS 67B6C a*Sq 9:B55C --1y 6B57MD
* W*,* :E *+4*g 9C -W*,* 59E *+4*g 5;
˙
w1`1,\/1 Z\,\-\ YS`*x Z* `daaV\Y q4mV1 1,`1yO
aVS1 S -`1h1aVS1 aW\,*E ]1`1/*ZZm1 aW\,\Y w/dfxE SY1pb
`*4Zm1 4Z*h1ZSqD ZS ,a1-/* \]Sam,*pb hb\Ob\ Z1,S/SO
Y\1E Z*]`SY1` ,1b1` SWS /mf*ZS1 h1W\,1V* SWS 3S,\bZ\O
-\D *V31 \ZS Y\-db \bZ\aSbnaq V /df\,ZmY a\4/*ZSqY SWS
V a,qb\Yd /dfdE b\ 1abn V aSW1 \-*D /Z*V\ ZS-/1 , S+WSS
Z1 -\,\`SbaqE hb\ /df P ob\ V*V*qOb\ h*abn h1W\,1V*E V\b\O
`*q ]\aW1 1-\ aY1`bS ]`\/\W3*1b 3Sbn \b/1WnZ\ \b b1W*
Laf\/ 79B65C a*W\Y 5>8B6=C *be1q 56B87C dVS 55B57MD
* W*,* :E *+4*g 9C -W*,* 59E *+4*g 5;
˚˚
w11ZZ\yx Z*4m,*WS /\WSZd `q/\Y a 1`da*WSY\YE -/1
a3S-*WS Yda\`D 1b ZSV*VSf \aZ\,*ZSy ahSb*bnE hb\ ,\
,`1Y1Z* Sada* `Sab* b*Y YdhSWS SWS a3S-*WS 3S,n1Y

65: ˚ )H
6>
65
Wp/1y SWS 3S,\bZmfD \ob\Yd , S+WSS ]\ZqbS1 w-11ZZ*x
Z1 \4Z*h*1b V*V\1Ob\ Z1,S/SY\1 Y1ab\E -/1 dY1`jS1 Ydh*O
pbaq S ,1hZ\ -\`qb , \-Z1D *VSY \+`*4\YE V\-/* Sada -\O
,\`SWE hb\ V\-\Ob\ +`\a*pb , -11ZZdE \Z SY1W , ,S/d \V\ZO
h*b1WnZ\1 dZShb\31ZS1 L*be1q 9B66C 5>B6
w˚ "x
'b\ Y\WSb,*E Z* ]`SY1`1 V\b\`\y Sada ]\V*4*W a,\SY
dh1ZSV*YE V*V aW1/d1b Y\WSbnaqD Z* b*V31 Z*4m,*1baq
w\WSb,* \a]\/ZqxD \b a V*VSYS ]`\an+*YS Y\3Z\ \+O
`*bSbnaq V \-dB
wdabn a,qbSbaq b,\ 1SYqx
m ]`\aSY 1-\,d \ b\YE hb\+m \Z \hSabSW a,\ 1SYqESWS
`1]db*gSpE \b ,aqV\y W3SE ,1/n b\-/* ,a1 +d/db -Wd+\V\
d,*3*bn \3n1 SYq P +d/n b\ Z* Z1+1 SWS Z* 41YW1D
wdabn ]`S/ 1b b,\ 1 g*`ab,\x
m ]`\aSY \ b\YE hb\+m \3n1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ dZShb\3SO
W\ 4W\y YS` *b*ZmE ab*W\ ]`*,Sbn ,a1y 41YW1yS]`1,`*O
bSW\ 11,`*yD
wdabn b,\q ,\Wq +d/1b S Z* 41YW1x
m ]`\aSY \ b\YE hb\+m Sa]\WZSWaq \3Sy 4*Yma1W
, \bZ\j1ZSS 41YWS S a\,1`j1ZZm1E ]\aWdjZm1 \-d Wp/S
,1hZ\3SWS,`*pDY1ZZ\ob\-\f\b1W\-EV\-/*a\4/*,*W
Wp/1yD
* W*,*

˝˚˚ 65;
66
-`1jZSV\,D W*-\/*`q aY1`bS Sada* d Wp/1y ]\q,SW*an
,\4Y\3Z\abn ab*bn a\,1`j1ZZmYS S 3Sbn ,1hZ\D
* W*,* P5:MD
*V ob\ ]`\`\h1ab,\ 4*b`*-S,*1b Z*aH ˙1`1,\ ]`1/O
ab*,Wq1b ]`*,W1ZS1 \-*D ˙\W-\1 ,`1Yq \- \adk1ab,WqW
a,\p ,W*abn Z*/ Z*`\/\Y 4`*SWn h1`14 g*`1yE V\b\`m1
]`*,SWS , 1`da*WSY1 L5 1b\]San 6=B67MD \ obS g*`S
\V*4*WSan Z1,1`ZmYSE S Sf ]`*,W1ZS1 +mW\ ]`1V`*k1Z\D
:>; -\/d /\ ZD oD 1`da*WSY +mW `*4`dj1ZD 'b\ +mW\
Z*h*W\Y wa1YS ,`1Y1Zx L6 *`1y 69B5E C 141VSSWn
65B69P6;MD \-/* Sada `Sab\a -\,\`SWB w*`\/m +d/db
b\]b*bn 1`da*WSYE ]\V* Z1 Sab1Vdb ,`1Y1Z*E Z*4Z*h1ZO
Zm1 Z*`\/*YxE \Z SY1W , ,S/d b1 a*Ym1 wa1Yn ,`1Y1Zx
LdVS 65B68MD \ob\Yd Y\3Z\ db,1`3/*bnE hb\E V\-/* Sada
+mW Z* 41YW1E wa1Yn ,`1Y1Zx 1k1 Z1 4*V\ZhSWSanD 1-\,*
\+1k*WE hb\ , V\Zg1 wa1YS ,`1Y1Zx ,Z\,n ]\ab*,Sb a,\1O
-\ g*`qD `*,W1ZS1 ob\-\ g*`qE V\b\`mY ab*W Sada `SO
ab\aE +d/1b ,1hZ\ ]`SZ\aSbn +W*-\aW\,1ZSq Z*`\/d \-*
]\ ,a1y 41YW1 LdVS 5B7>P77MD
*V /\W-\ /WSWSan wa1Yn ,`1Y1ZxH w1Yn ,`1Y1Zx /WSO
WSan 6 96> W1bD ˚aWS \bahSb*bn 6 96> W1b \b :>; -\/* /\
ZD oDE Ym ]`S/ 1Y V 5=58 -\/dD ob\Y -\/d 1-\,* Z*4Z*hSW
Sada* P 1aaSp P g*`1Y \3n1-\ *`ab,* Z* Z1+1D

65< ˚ )H
˚
\Wnj\1 /1`1,\
L˙*ZSSW 8B5>E 55M
w`d+Sb1 /1`1,\x
L˙*ZSSW 8B58M
`*,W1ZS1
`*,W1ZS1 ]`1`,*Z\
˛˚ ' ˚H
`*,W1ZS1
S4`*SWnaVSf g*`1y
1`da*WSY `*4`dj1ZE
]`*,W1ZS1 S4`*SWnaVSf g*`1y
]`1`,*Z\
Vbq+`n
:>; -\/* /\ ZD oD

˝˚˚ 65=
wdabn ]`\y/db Z*/
ZSY a1Yn ,`1Y1Zx
L˙*ZSSW 8B5:M
w,\ 1g*`ab,\
Z1]`1Y1ZZ\
+d/1b d b1+qx
L˙*ZSSW 8B6:M
w1Yn ,`1Y 1Zx
`*,W1ZS1 ,\aab*Z\,W1Z\
696>W1b
Sada Z*hSZ*1b ]`*,Sbn
Z* Z1+1 V*V *`n
\3n1-\ *`ab,*
/\ ZD oD ZD oD
:>: W1b S
7Y1aqg*
5=57 W1b S
=Y1aqg1,
Vbq+`n
5=58 -\/* ZD oD
w*`\/m +d/db b\]b*bn
1`da*WSYE ]\V*
Z1 Sab1Vdb ,`1Y1Z*E
Z*4Z*h1ZZm1 Z*`\/*Yx
LdVS 65B68M

66> ˚ )H
67
68
bVd/* ,4qW\an hSaW\ 6 96>H 4 VZS-S bV`\,1ZS1 Y\3Z\
d,S/1bnE hb\ b`S a ]\W\,SZ\y ,`1Y1ZS P ob\ 5 6:>
/Z1y LbV`\,1ZS1 56B:E 58MD ˛Z*hSbE wc1Yn ,`1Y1ZxE V\O
b\`m1 /Wqbaq , /,* `*4* /\Wnj1E `*,Zm 6 96> /ZqYD ˚aO
WS ]`SY1ZSbn ]`\`\h1aV\1 ]`*,SW\ w/1Zn 4* -\/xE 6 96>
/Z1y +d/db `*,Zm 6 96> -\/*Y LSaW* 58B78C 141VSSWn
8B:MD
* W*,*

˝˚˚ 665
69
6:
˚˚˚
\-/* dY1`jSy ,\4,`*k*1baq V 3S4ZSE ob\ Z*4m,*1baq
,\aV`1a1ZS1YD S+WSS \]Sa*Zm /1,qbn aWdh*1, ,\aV`1O
a1ZSqD Y1`jSf ,\aV`1j*WS WnqE ˚WSa1yE Sada `Sab\aE
1b` S *,1WD ZS Y\-WS /1W*bn ob\ b\WnV\ +W*-\/*`q aSO
W1 \-*D 1-\,* \+1k*1b ,1`Zdbn V 3S4ZS Z* 41YW1 w]`*O
,1/Zmf S Z1]`*,1/Zmfx L˙1qZSq 68B59MD S+WSS b*V31
-\,\`SbaqE hb\ Z1V\b\`m1 +d/db ,\aV`1j1Zm V 3S4ZS Z*
Z1+1D 'bS S4+`*ZZm1 \-\Y Wp/S P ]\Y*4*ZZSVS P +d/db
3Sbn Z* Z1+1 ,Y1ab1 a Sada\Y `Sab\Y L\*ZZ* 9B6B9E :MD
* W*,* =E *+4*g 57
˙˚˛ L˛M
˙1Y\ZS4YE SWS a]S`SbS4YEP ob\ a,q4n a /1Y\Z*YSD pO
/S ]mb*pbaq \+k*bnaq a /1Y\Z*YS WS+\ Z*]`qYdpE WSO
+\ h1`14 4Z*f*`qE Y1/SdY* SWS oVab`*a1Za*D 1E Vb\
4*ZSY*pbaq a]S`SbS4Y\YE ,1`qbE hb\ ]\aW1 aY1`bS h1O
W\,1V ab*Z\,Sbaq /df\YE a]\a\+ZmY \V*4m,*bn ,WSqZS1
Z* Wp/1yD \ ob\ W\3Z\1 dh1ZS1D +k*bnaq a /1Y\Z*YS
Z1]`*,SWnZ\E ]\b\Yd hb\ \ZS ]\+d3/*pb Wp/1y Z1 aWdO
j*bnaq \-*D ˙1Y\ZS4Y ,VWph*1b , a1+q *ab`\W\-SpE -*O
/*ZS1E Y*-SpE V\W/\,ab,\E ad1,1`SqE \VVdWnbS4Y S ,1`d ,
a,1`fl1ab1ab,1ZZm1 q,W1ZSqD `\Y1 b\-\E a /1Y\ZS4Y\Y
b*V SWS SZ*h1 a,q4*Zm YZ\-S1 ]\f\`\ZZm1 \+mh*SE b*VS1
V*V +/1ZS1 d -`\+*E ]\YSZVSE -\/\,kSZm aY1`bSE ]`SZ1a1O
ZS1 31`b, Y1`b,mY S \+mh*SE a,q4*ZZm1 a\ ,/\,ab,\YD
VZS-*fE 3d`Z*W*fE -\`\aV\]*fE eSWnY*f S /*31 ]1aZqf
/1Y\ZmE Y*-Sq S a,1`fl1ab1ab,1ZZm1 q,W1ZSq ]`1/ab*,O
W1Zm V*V hb\Ob\ +14\+S/Z\1 S ]`S,W1V*b1WnZ\1D mb*qan
,mybS Z* a,q4n a /1Y\Z*YSE Wp/S Z1`1/V\ ]`SZSY*pb Z*`O
V\bSVS L*W*b*Y 9B6>C bV`\,1ZS1 65BE *+4*g 5>C -W*,* 5:E *+4*g 8

666 ˚ )H
6;
6<
6=
˙%˚ ˚%
1-\,* P a1Y\-dkSy \-E \Z \4/*b1Wn a1W1ZZ\y LbO
V`\,1ZS1 59B7MD \aV\WnVd ,a1 adk1ab,dpk11 ]`SZ*/W1O
3Sb 1YdE d Z1-\ 1abn ]\WZ\1 ]`*,\ ,W*/mh1ab,\,*bn
Z*/ ,a1Y La*W\Y 68B5C a*Sq 8>B65P67C bV`\,1ZS1
8B55MD Z dab*Z\,SW 4*V\ZmE V\b\`mY /\W3Zm ]\/hSZqbnaq
,a1 1-\ b,\`1ZSqD 1-\,* Y\31b Z*/1Wqbn ,W*abnp /`d-SfD
m ]\//1`3S,*1Y ,W*/mh1ab,\ 1-\,mE 1aWS Wp+SY 1-\ S
aWdj*1Yaq 1-\ L5 1b\]San 6=B55MD
* W*,* 55E *+4*g 5>
+\`b P ob\ Z*Y1`1ZZ\1 WSj1ZS1 3S4ZS 1k1Z1`\/S,j1O
-\aq `1+ 1ZV*D 1hn Z1 S/ 1b \ Z1ah*abZ\Y aWdh*1 SWS \ a*O
Y\]`\S4,\WnZ\Y ,mVS/mj1D Y\Y1Zb* 4*h*bSq `1+ 1Z\V P
ob\ h1W\,1VE * Z1 h*abn \`-*ZS4Y* Y*b1`SD
* W*,* 57E *+4*g 9
˚˚˚
1/SgSZaV*q ]`\g1/d`*E ]`S V\b\`\y , \`-*ZS4Y h1W\,1O
V* ,,\/Sbaq g1WnZ*q V`\,n SWS \/SZ S4 11h1bm`
1f \aZ\,O
Zmf V\Y]\Z1Zb\,C ]1`1WS,*bnaq Y\31b WS+\ a\+ab,1ZZ*q
V`\,n h1W\,1V*E WS+\ V`\,n V\-\Ob\ /`d-\-\D aZ\,Zm1
V\Y]\Z1Zbm V`\,SB ]W*4Y*E o`Sb`\gSbmE W1yV\gSbmE S
b`\Y+\gSbmD
* W*,* 57E *+4*g 57

˝˚˚ 667
7>
75
˚˚
\-W*aZ\ S+WSSE Z*ab*,W1ZS1 S Z*V*4*ZS1 Z1 \/Z\ S b\
31D *ab*,W1ZS1 ,VWph*1b , a1+q \+dh1ZS1E ,\a]Sb*ZS1 S
Sa]`*,W1ZS1D \-/* 1-\,* V\-\Ob\ Z*ab*,Wq1bE \Z ZSV\-O
/* Z1 +m,*1b -`d+mY SWS 31ab\VSY L`SbhS 8B5E 6MD Z ]\O
/* 1b ]`1V`*aZmy ]`SY1` `\/Sb1WqY , b\YE V*V Z*ab*,Wqbn
/1b1yD \3n1 Z*ab*,W1ZS1 ,a1-/* ]`SZ\aSb b\WnV\ ]\Wn4dE
,\b ]\h1Yd Ym Y\31Y /*31 ]\Wp+Sbn Z*ab*,W1ZS1 L`SbO
hS 56B5MD 1-\,* Wp+Sb a,\y Z*`\/ S \+dh*1b 1-\D \- Z1
b\WnV\ Sa]`*,Wq1b Z1]`*,SWnZm1 ,4-Wq/m a,\Sf aWd3Sb1O
W1yEZ\S]\Y\-*1bSY]1`1ZSY*bn1-\,4-Wq/Z*,1kSS]\O
abd]*bn b*VE hb\+m Z1 \-\`h*bn 1-\D *V `\/Sb1WS Y\-db
Z*ab*,Wqbn a,\Sf /1b1yH ˙Wq Z*h*W* Z1\+f\/SY\ ]\Y\hn
/1bqY ]\ZqbnE ]\h1Yd b*V ,*3Z\ ]\aWdj*ZS1D *V31 `\/SO
b1WS /\W3Zm ]`S,S,*bn /1bqY Wp+\,n V 1-\,1 S V 1-\
W\,dE S+WSSE S Z*dhSbn Sf ]\ZSY*bn +S+W1yaVS1 ]`SZO
gS]mD
* W*,* 58E *+4*g 57
˙˚%
˙1Y\Zm P ob\ Z1,S/SYm1 /df\,Zm1 a\4/*ZSqE \+W*/*pO
kS1 a,1`fl1ab1ab,1ZZ\y aSW\yD 'b\ 4Wm1 *Z-1WmD ZS Z1
]\aWdj*WSan \-* S ab*WS 1-\ ,`*-*YS LmbS1 :B6C d/m
:MD ˙1Y\Zm ]`Sa\1/SZSWSan V Yqb13d *b*Zm Lb\`\4*V\O
ZS1 76B5;C dVS C ˙1qZSq 5:B5:C *V\,* 6B5=MD
* W*,* 5:E *+4*g 8

˚aWS ,m f\bSb1 ]\WdhSbn +\Wnj1 SZe\`Y*gSSE ]\a1bSb1
a*yb www.jw.org/ru SWS \+`*bSb1an V ,S/1b1WqY 1-\,mD