Airplane Flying Handbook

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Fixed-pitch propellers...............................................11-4 Governing range........................................................11-7 Takeoff......................................................................11-6 Control touch..................................................................1-1 Coordinated flight...........................................................4-2 Coordination...................................................................1-1 Correcting drift during straight-and-level flight.............6-3 Cross-control stall.........................................................4-11 Crosswind after-landing roll.........................................13-7 Crosswind approach and landing...................... 8-14, 12-16 Crosswind after-landing roll......................................8-16 Crosswind final approach..........................................8-14 Crab method...........................................................8-14 Wing-low (sideslip) method..................................8-15 Crosswind round out (flare)......................................8-15 Crosswind touchdown...............................................8-15 Maximum safe crosswind velocities.........................8-17 Crosswind takeoff................................................. 5-6, 13-4 Initial climb.................................................................5-8 Lift-off.........................................................................5-8 Takeoff roll..................................................................5-6 Cruise..........................................................................16-11 D Defining an airplane upset..............................................4-2 Descents and descending turns.....................................3-19 Descent at minimum safe airspeed............................3-19 Emergency descent....................................................3-20 Partial power descent................................................3-19 Directional control........................................................13-3 Door opening in-flight................................................17-13 Drag devices................................................................15-14 Drift and ground track control........................................6-3 E Effect and use of the flight controls Feel of the airplane......................................................3-4 Electrical fires...............................................................17-8 Elementary eights..........................................................6-11 Eights across a road...................................................6-13 Eights along a road....................................................6-11 Eights around pylons.................................................6-13 Eights-on-pylons.......................................................6-14 Elevator trim stall..........................................................4-12 Emergencies................................................................16-12 Emergency approaches and landings (simulated).........8-26 Emergency descents......................................................17-6 Emergency landings......................................................17-2 Psychological hazards...............................................17-2 Types of emergency landings....................................17-2 Ditching.................................................................17-2 Forced landing.......................................................17-2 Precautionary landing............................................17-2 Emergency situations....................................................17-1 Engine and propeller.......................................................2-9 Engine failure After lift-off.............................................................12-19 After takeoff............................................................12-21 After takeoff (single-engine).....................................17-6 During flight............................................................12-22 Engine fire.....................................................................17-8 Engine inoperative approach and landing...................12-23 Engine inoperative flight principles............................12-23 Engines..........................................................................16-6 Engine shutdown...........................................................2-19 Engine starting..............................................................2-12 Environmental factors...................................................4-18 Exhaust gas temperature (EGT)....................................15-3 F False start......................................................................14-9 Faulty approaches and landings....................................8-27 Feathering........................................................... 12-3, 12-4 Flap effectiveness..........................................................11-3 Flight control malfunction/failure.................................17-9 Asymmetric (split) flap.............................................17-9 Landing gear malfunction.......................................17-10 Loss of elevator control.............................................17-9 Total flap failure........................................................17-9 Flight director/autopilot................................................12-6 Flight environment........................................................16-7 Flight standards service...................................................1-5 Floating during round out.............................................8-30 Forward slip..................................................................8-12 Four fundamentals..........................................................3-2 Climbs.........................................................................3-2 Descents......................................................................3-2 Straight-and-level flight..............................................3-2 Turns............................................................................3-2 Fowler flap....................................................................11-3 Fuel and oil.....................................................................2-6 Fuel crossfeed................................................... 12-6, 12-22 Fuel heaters...................................................................15-4 Full stalls Power-off.....................................................................4-8 Power-on.....................................................................4-9 Function of flaps...........................................................11-2 Fundamentals of stall recovery.......................................4-7 G Gas turbine engine........................................................14-2 Glides............................................................................3-20 I-2
Gliding turns..............................................................3-21 Go-around...................................................................12-18 Rejected landings......................................................8-12 Attitude......................................................................8-13 Configuration............................................................8-13 Ground effect.............................................................8-14 Power.........................................................................8-13 Ground loop........................................................ 8-34, 13-8 Ground operation........................................................12-12 H Hand propping..............................................................2-13 Hard landing..................................................................8-33 High final approach.......................................................8-28 High-performance airplane...........................................11-1 High round out..............................................................8-29 Human factors...............................................................4-18 Diversion of attention................................................4-18 IMC...........................................................................4-18 Sensory overload/deprivation....................................4-18 Spatial disorientation.................................................4-19 Startle response.........................................................4-19 Surprise response.......................................................4-19 Task saturation..........................................................4-18 VMC to IMC.............................................................4-18 Hydraulic pump..........................................................11-11 Hydroplaning................................................................8-35 Dynamic hydroplaning..............................................8-35 Reverted rubber hydroplaning...................................8-35 Viscous hydroplaning................................................8-36 I Inadvertent VFR flight into IMC................................17-15 Attitude control.......................................................17-16 Climbs.....................................................................17-17 Combined maneuvers..............................................17-17 Descents..................................................................17-17 Maintaining airplane control...................................17-15 Recognition.............................................................17-15 Transition to visual flight........................................17-18 Turns........................................................................17-16 In-flight fire...................................................................17-7 Initial climb.................................................................15-24 Inside of the airplane.....................................................16-8 Instrumentation.............................................................16-6 Integrated flight instruction.............................................3-5 Intentional slips.............................................................8-11 Intentional spins............................................................4-16 Interstage turbine temperature (ITT)............................15-4 J Jet airplane approach and landing...............................15-25 Approach speed.......................................................15-27 Glidepath control.....................................................15-28 Landing requirements..............................................15-25 Landing speeds........................................................15-25 Approach climb...................................................15-26 Landing climb......................................................15-26 V REF .....................................................................15-25 V SO .......................................................................15-25 Stabilized approach.................................................15-27 The flare..................................................................15-28 Touchdown and rollout...........................................15-29 Jet engine basics............................................................15-2 Jet engine efficiency.....................................................15-6 Jet engine ignition.........................................................15-4 L Landing............................................................. 13-5, 14-10 Landing gear......................................................... 2-8, 13-2 Instability...................................................................13-2 Landing gear control selected up, single-engine climb performance adequate.......................................12-20 Checklist..................................................................12-21 Climb.......................................................................12-21 Configuration..........................................................12-21 Control.....................................................................12-20 Landing gear control selected up, single-engine climb performance inadequate....................................12-20 Landing gear down.....................................................12-19 Late or rapid round out.................................................8-30 Lazy eight........................................................................9-6 Level off and cruise....................................................12-14 Level turns....................................................................3-10 Establishing a turn.....................................................3-13 Medium turns.........................................................3-11 Shallow turns.........................................................3-11 Steep turns.............................................................3-11 Turn radius................................................................3-12 Liftoff............................................................................13-4 Rotation.......................................................................5-2 Light sport airplane (LSA) background........................16-2 Loss of control in-flight (LOC-I)....................................4-1 Low final approach.......................................................8-27 Low speed flight.........................................................15-10 LSA maintenance..........................................................16-5 LSA synopsis................................................................16-3 I-3
Page 3 and 4:
Airplane Flying Handbook 2016 U.S.
Page 5 and 6:
Preface The Glider Flying Handbook
Page 7 and 8:
Acknowledgments The Airplane Flying
Page 9 and 10:
Table of Contents Preface..........
Page 11 and 12:
Constant Radius During Turning Flig
Page 13 and 14:
Short-Field Landing................
Page 15 and 16:
Chapter 1 Introduction to Flight Tr
Page 17 and 18:
for the certification of airmen and
Page 19 and 20:
Figure 1-5 shows an example of some
Page 21 and 22:
the need arises, to private individ
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Figure 1-9. FAA Form 8000-4, Air Ag
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encompassed by, the tasks within ea
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Figure 1-13. Three major areas cont
Page 29 and 30:
Figure 1-18. A sample before landin
Page 31 and 32:
Chapter 2 Ground Operations Introdu
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Figure 2-3. Airplane Flight Manuals
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deck reference guide is in the airc
Page 37 and 38:
Figure 2-9. An AVGAS fuel filler no
Page 39 and 40:
• Brakes and brake systems should
Page 41 and 42:
• Take a pilot who is more experi
Page 43 and 44:
the position (navigation) lights sh
Page 45 and 46:
SW-2, 12 JAN 2012 to 09 FEB 2012 SW
Page 47 and 48:
the weathervaning tendency is less
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• Install chocks and release park
Page 51 and 52:
Chapter 3 Basic Flight Maneuvers In
Page 53 and 54:
Elevator—Pitch Lateral axis Rudde
Page 55 and 56:
the airplane’s vertical axis (yaw
Page 57 and 58:
30 W OBS W OBS W 30 W OBS W OBS NAV
Page 59 and 60:
Nose high Natural horizon reference
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D195I D212I HDG UP A212I TAS 100KT
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Skid Coordinated Turn Slip D.C. ELE
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D195I D212I HDG UP A212I 130 120 11
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Best angle-of-climb airspeed (V X )
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W W S S E E TAS 106KT OAT 7°C 2 1
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14 Too fast Best glide speed Too sl
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• Cross-controlling during glidin
Page 75 and 76:
Chapter 4 Maintaining Aircraft Cont
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therefore closer to the higher spee
Page 79 and 80:
• Excessive back-elevator pressur
Page 81 and 82:
manufactured with a certain amount
Page 83 and 84:
stall occurring during approach to
Page 85 and 86:
a given airplane consistently stall
Page 87 and 88:
left. With the throttle fully advan
Page 89 and 90:
Stall Less stalled Incipient Spin
Page 91 and 92:
Unfortunately, accident records sho
Page 93 and 94:
The ability to separate time-critic
Page 95 and 96:
Aerobatics vs. UPRT Flight Training
Page 97 and 98:
while in flight. For these reasons,
Page 99 and 100:
Chapter 5 Takeoffs and Departure Cl
Page 101 and 102:
Take-off Distance vs. Density Altit
Page 103 and 104:
Each type of airplane has a best pi
Page 105 and 106:
Apply full aileron into wind Rudder
Page 107 and 108:
• Using less than full aileron pr
Page 109 and 110:
diminishes the pilot's ability to s
Page 111 and 112:
point is reached and the airplane i
Page 113 and 114:
Chapter 6 Ground Reference Maneuver
Page 115 and 116:
clearing turns looking to the left
Page 117 and 118:
Actual ground path Intended ground
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Exit Turn more than 90° rollout wi
Page 121 and 122:
To perform a turn around a point, t
Page 123 and 124:
the bank angle should be increased
Page 125 and 126:
To successfully perform eights alon
Page 127 and 128:
Wind Entry Gaining altitude Gaining
Page 129 and 130:
Too high Pivotal altitude Too low F
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter 7 Airport Traffic Patterns
Page 133 and 134:
Crosswind WIND Entry 18 Left-Hand T
Page 135 and 136:
Since in most cases the takeoff is
Page 137 and 138:
Chapter 8 Approaches and Landings I
Page 139 and 140:
stalling speed with power off, land
Page 141 and 142:
No flaps; flatter descent angle Hal
Page 143 and 144:
10° to 15° 27 Figure 8-7. To obta
Page 145 and 146:
The ailerons serve the same purpose
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power. Once again, the airspeed mus
Page 149 and 150:
the go-around/rejected landing is.
Page 151 and 152:
WIND longitudinal axis aligned with
Page 153 and 154:
component decreases and the relativ
Page 155 and 156:
34 Obstacle clearance Effective run
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• Unstable approach • Undue del
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1 36 2 3 1. Strong Wind Set up clos
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When abreast of or opposite the des
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Spiral over landing field WIND Retr
Page 165 and 166:
Intercept normal glidepath, resume
Page 167 and 168:
34 Figure 8-34. Floating during rou
Page 169 and 170:
Decreasing angle of attack Rapid in
Page 171 and 172:
on these airplanes, any time a swer
Page 173 and 174:
Chapter 9 Performance Maneuvers Int
Page 175 and 176:
should realize load factors increas
Page 177 and 178:
maneuver. During practice of the ma
Page 179 and 180:
90° point 1. Bank 30° (approximat
Page 181 and 182:
Chapter 10 Night Operations Introdu
Page 183 and 184:
enlarge to receive as much of the a
Page 185 and 186:
It is recommended that prior to a n
Page 187 and 188:
for this possibility. Hold or lock
Page 189 and 190:
to round out too high until attaini
Page 191 and 192:
Chapter 11 Transition to Complex Ai
Page 193 and 194:
L = 1 pV 2 SC L 2 L = Lift produced
Page 195 and 196:
Center of pressure - Lift Center of
Page 197 and 198:
in climb. Consequently, engine powe
Page 199 and 200:
Turbocharger The turbocharger incor
Page 201 and 202:
• Operate the engine in such a ma
Page 203 and 204:
GEAR UP GEAR UP GEAR DOWN TAXI LAND
Page 205 and 206:
the airplane could no longer be lan
Page 207 and 208:
eceived to ensure a complete unders
Page 209 and 210:
Chapter 12 Transition to Multiengin
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140 200 180 260 250 200 160 160 140
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1 Counterweight action 6 6 2 3 5 4
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The entire flight director/autopilo
Page 217 and 218:
Performance and Limitations Discuss
Page 219 and 220:
Weight and Balance The weight and b
Page 221 and 222:
airplane to pivot about a stationar
Page 223 and 224:
3 500 feet 1. Accelerate to cruise
Page 225 and 226:
increasing application of aileron i
Page 227 and 228:
from a bad bounce, as well as a go-
Page 229 and 230:
operative engine is the only altern
Page 231 and 232:
the airplane may not maintain altit
Page 233 and 234:
Drag TAS 106KT OAT 7°C 2 1 1 2 Dra
Page 235 and 236:
Stall Recovery Template 1. Wing lev
Page 237 and 238:
Chapter 13 Transition to Tailwheel
Page 239 and 240:
length, if desired. While taxiing,
Page 241 and 242:
Landing The difference between nose
Page 243 and 244:
combination of inertia acting on th
Page 245 and 246:
Chapter 14 Transition to Turboprope
Page 247 and 248:
The turboprop engine offers several
Page 249 and 250:
NAV1 108.00 113.00 NAV2 108.00 110.
Page 251 and 252:
ITT 50 TORO 0 0 PROP 0 ITT 0 FF 0 5
Page 253 and 254:
The distribution of DC and AC power
Page 255 and 256:
1. Before takeoff checks .. Complet
Page 257 and 258:
Chapter Summary Transitioning from
Page 259 and 260:
Chapter 15 Transition to Jet-Powere
Page 261 and 262:
Fan air Fan air Combustion Inlet ai
Page 263 and 264:
TAT 13° C 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 EPR
Page 265 and 266:
In not having propellers, the jet-p
Page 267 and 268:
Stick force in pounds 70 60 50 40 3
Page 269 and 270:
C 19,000 lbs 18,000 lbs 17,000 lbs
Page 271 and 272:
of the airplane as the stall develo
Page 273 and 274:
OC Relative wind Pre-stall OC Initi
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everse thrust increases with speed;
Page 277 and 278:
adequately repaired or replaced. In
Page 279 and 280:
Captain’s Briefing I will advance
Page 281 and 282:
• Natural contaminants (standing
Page 283 and 284:
acceleration during this phase of t
Page 285 and 286:
• Poor acceleration response in a
Page 287 and 288:
If the flare is extended (held off)
Page 289 and 290:
In the event of an engine failure i
Page 291 and 292:
Chapter 16 Transition to Light Spor
Page 293 and 294: Maximum gross weight of 1,320 pound
Page 295 and 296: • After landing, parking, and sec
Page 297 and 298: [Figure 16-8] While this is not a l
Page 299 and 300: Regardless, a pilot must become fam
Page 301 and 302: Takeoff and Climb Takeoff and climb
Page 303 and 304: LSA’s controls become ineffective
Page 305 and 306: Chapter 17 Emergency Procedures Eme
Page 307 and 308: Avoiding forcible contact with inte
Page 309 and 310: from an irregularly running engine;
Page 311 and 312: 300 feet AGL 4,480 feet 180° 1,016
Page 313 and 314: two immediate demands: attacking th
Page 315 and 316: If the landing gear malfunction is
Page 317 and 318: 140 NAV1 108.00 113.00 NAV2 108.00
Page 319 and 320: point where attention is focused on
Page 321 and 322: 140 NAV1 108.00 113.00 NAV2 108.00
Page 323 and 324: Glossary Numbers and Symbols 100-ho
Page 325 and 326: Axes of an aircraft. Three imaginar
Page 327 and 328: Compressor stall. In gas turbine en
Page 329 and 330: Environmental systems. In an aircra
Page 331 and 332: Gust penetration speed. The speed t
Page 333 and 334: Limit load factor. Amount of stress
Page 335 and 336: Pivotal altitude. A specific altitu
Page 337 and 338: Shock waves. A compression wave for
Page 339 and 340: Thrust. The force which imparts a c
Page 341 and 342: Vertical stability. Stability about
Page 343: Index A Abnormal engine instrument
Page 347 and 348: Initial climb......................
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