Gujarati- English Learner's Dictionary Babu Suthar - School of Arts ...

Gujarati- English Learner’s Dictionary
Babu Suthar
(Second draft)
A Nirman Foundation Project
Department of South Asia Studies
University of Pennsylvania
820 Williams Hall
36 th and Spruce
Philadelphia PA 19104
© Babu Suthar

In Memory of
Harivallabh Bhayani
3

↓
We will revise this draft again after we receive comments and suggestions from the
scholars and the users. There are still problems with phonetic transcription of some
words. We will fix them as soon as we get feedback from the scholars. Meanwhile,
we request the users to consult us before using information from this dictionary in
their reserach.
↓
Babu Suthar
bsuthar@sas.upenn.edu
4

Introduction
Gujarati is a poor language of the rich people. This language does not have scientifically
written grammar books. Whatever grammar books it has are mainly pedagogic. It does
not have well written dictionaries either. There are some, monolingual as well as
bilingual, but many of them are impressionistic and outdated. This language is divided
into many social and geographical dialects, but very few of them have been explored.
Many dialects still await their documentation. It has attracted many linguists, but their
impact on the language, speakers, and writers has been negligible. Gujaratis are
everywhere, and so is Gujarati; but Gujarati rarely is taught systematically. The children
of Gujarati Diaspora learn some Gujarati either from their parents or from Gujarati
language classes run mainly by Hindu temples. There is no well written teaching material
either. Some individuals have created some material, but much of it lacks
professionalism. In addition, it is also faulty either in grammar or in pragmatics or both.
This is unfortunate. In order to overcome this situation, partially if not fully, the
Department of South Asia Regional Studies, University of Pennsylvania has taken a
leadership role. They have encouraged designing teaching material under which we have
created three textbooks: Gujarati Reader 1, 2 and 3. The Reader 1 is devoted to the
writing system, while the Reader 2 is devoted to written conversations. The Reader 3 is a
collection of Aesop’s fables rendered in Gujarati. This dictionary is a part of that project
but it has been funded by the Nirman Foundation, Washington DC. It is perhaps the first
dictionary of the language created for the beginning student who is learning Gujarati
language as a second language. It is also the first dictionary in Gujarati which gives
phonetic transcription of the head words in International Phonetic Alphabet. Besides, it is
also the first one that gives graphemic transcription of each head words. This dictionary
will certainly facilitate the learner in learning the differences between spoken and written
Gujarati.
I am thankful to Nirman Foundation. Without their support this dream would have
remained unfulfilled. I am also thankful to Prof. Bhikhu Parekh and Dr. Chandrakant
Shrof for taking personal interest in this project. I can not forget Prof. Guy Welbon,
former Chairperson of the South Asia Regional Studies, University of Pennsylvania, who
underlined the need of creating teaching material and supported all the projects. This
dictionary is the third project that he supported. I am also thankful to Prof. Michael W.
Meister, the Chairperson of the Department of South Asia, for encouraging me in
finishing this work. Finally, I am thankful to Prof. Buckley, Department of Linguistics,
University of Pennsylvania, and Dr. Bharti Modi, Ex. Chairperson, Department of
Linguistics, The M.S. University of Baroda for ofering me guidance on various issues
related to compiling dictionary.
Babu Suthar
Sunday, June 29, 2003
5

Content
1. Explanatory notes 7
2. Abbriviations 10
3. Dictionary 12
A 12
Aa 20
; 25
: 26
w 26
W 29
¢ 30
Ae 30
AE 32
Ao 32
AO 33
k 33
` 41
g 46
3 52
c 55
2 62
j 65
z 70
4 73
5 75
6 77
7 79
t 80
9 87
d 88
0 96
n 100
p 111
f 132
b 137
- 146
m 154
y 167
r 168
l 175
v 183
= 200
q 205
s 205
h 229
6

x 235
}a 235
4. Gujarati Parts of speech 236
5. Numerals 255
7

Explanatory Notes:
Structure of the entries: Each entry contains five parts in the following order: 1. Headword,
2. Phonetic transcription, 3. Graphemic transcription, 4. Grammatical designation
and 5. Gloss. In addition, some entries may contain example.
1. Head-word: Head-word is the word to be glossed. It is given here in Gujarati script.
Spellings such as gÅga, p¨jo, 5*6I, sNt and sMp are avoided in favor of more traditional
spellings g&ga, p&jo, 5&6I, s&t and s&p.
2. Phonetic transcription: For each head-word phonetic transcription is given here in
Broad transcription. Syllabic division is also marked. This will facilitate the learners in
learning how to pronounce the words and how to relate them with their grapheme
structure. However, stress pattern is left unmarked.
Phonetic transcription is given in International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) which is
given bellow:
Vowels:
Close
Close-mid
Open-mid
Open
Front Central
i u
e
\
Back
o
´ ø
a
8

9
Consonants:
Pharyngeal vl.
h
vd.
g
g˙
˜
Velar
vl.
k
k˙
vd.
Ô
Ô˙
µ
j
Palatal
vl.
c
c˙
vd.
Î
Î˙
¯
Æ
Retroflex
vl. ˇ
ˇ˙
Post alveolar vl.
ß
Alveolar vd.
r
l
vd.
d
d˙
n
Dental
vl.
t
t˙
s
Labiodental vd.
v
vd.
b
b˙
m
Bilabial
vl.
p
p˙
non-asp.
asp.
Plosive
Fricative
Nasal
Trill
Approximant
Lateral
approximant

3. Graphemic transcription: For each word graphemic transcription is also given using
the following symbols. This will help students learning the relationship between sound
and later with is not always symmetrical in Gujarati.
Vowels:
A Aa ; : w W ¢
\ a i ii u uu ru≤
Ae AE Ao AO A& AŠ
e \i o \u \m \h
Consonants:
k ` g 3
k\ kh\ g\ gh\
c 2 j z
c\ ch\ Ô\ Ôh\
4 5 6 7 8
ˇ\ ˇh\ Î\ Îh\ ¯\
t 9 d 0 n
t\ th\ d\ dh\ n\
p f b - m
p\ ph\ b\ bh\ m\
y r l v
y\ r\ l\ v\
= q s
ß\ s°\ s\
h X x }a
h\ Æ\ kß\ gn\
4. Gloss: Gloss illustrates the main sense of the word. In some cases, more than one
meaning are given in the order of their prominence.
10

Abbriviations
adj. adjective
advb. adverb
conj. conjunction
fem. feminine
hon. honorific
masc. masculine
neut. neuter
postp postposition
pron. pronoun
v.intr. intransitive verb
v.dat. dative verb
v.exp. experiencer verb
v.tr. transitive verb
Symbols:
/ . / syllabic break
< . > boundary of the letter
11

A
Akb&0 /\k.b\n.d˙\/ adj. .
1. intact. 2. neither opened nor broken.
Ak6avu& /\k.Îa.vu~/ v.intr.
to get angry.
Ak6avu& /\k.Îa.vu~/ v.intr.
to have cramp.
AkmRk /\.k\r.m\.k/ adj. .
intransitive. a verb that does not take a
direct verb.
AksIr /\k.sir/ adj. .
effective.
AkSmat /\.k\s.mat/ neut.
. accident
AkSmate /\.k\s.ma.te/
advb.. accidentally.
AkXam8 /\k.Æa.m\¯/
fem.
1. perplexity. 2. acute worry.
AkXavu& /\k.Æa.vu~/ v.intr. .
to get angry.
Ak\k6 /\k.k\.Î/ adj. 1. stiff.
2. unbending.
Ak\krmI /\k.k\r.mi/ adj.
unfortunate.
Ak\kl /\k.k\l/ fem. . sense.
Axt /\k.ß\.t\/ adj. .1. whole.
2. unbroken.
Axy /\k.ß\.j\/ adj.
1.imperishable. 2. inexhaustible.
Axr /\k.ß\.r\/ masc. .1. a
letter, 2. a syllable
Axr /\k.ß\.r\/ adj. .
indestructible.
Axr=Š /\k.ß\.r\.ß\.h\/
adv.. 1.literally. 2. letter by letter. 3.
word by word.
Axa&= /\k.ßa~.ß\/ masc. a
degree of latitude.
A`&6 /\.k˙\¯.Î\/ adj.
1.unbroken. 2. ceaseless.
A`&&i6t /\.k˙\¯.Îit/ adj. .
1.unbroken. 2. constant.
A`tro /\.k˙\t.ro/ masc.
.1. an experiment. 2. a trial
A`bar /\k˙.bar/ neut. . a
news paper
A`a6o /\.k˙a.Îo/ masc. . a
gymnasium
A`at /\.k˙at/ masc. .1. a bay.
2. a gulf
Agi8t /\.g\.¯it/ adj. . 1.
innumerable. 2. uncounable.
Ag8otr /\.g\.¯o.t\r/
adj. . sixty nine.
Ag*ya=I /\.g\.¯ja.ßi/ adj. .
seventy nine.

AgTy /\.g\t.j\/ neut.
important.
AgTyta /\.g\t.j\.ta/ fem. .
importance.
Agm cetI /\.g\m.ce.ti/
fem.
1.forsight. 2. precaution.
Agm va8I /\.g\m.va.¯i/
fem.1. prophecy. 2. mysterious words.
AgMy /\.g\m.j\/ adj. .1.
mysterious. 2. inaccessible.
Agrb]aI /\.g\r.b\t.ti/
fem. . incense stick.
Agv6 /\g.v\Î/ fem.
inconvenience.
Agaw /\.ga.u~/ prep.. before.
AgawnI /\.ga.u~.ni/ adj. .
previous (in terms of time).
Agaw9I /\.ga.u.t˙i/ advb.
.in advance.
AgasI /\.ga.si/ fem. . terrace.
Aigyar /\.gi.jar/ adj.
.eleven.
Aigyarmu& /\.gi.jar.mu~/
neut. the eleventh day after death.
Aigyars /\.gi.ja.r\s/ fem.
the eleventh day of a fortnight of a
Hindu lunar month.
AigyarI /\.gi.ja.ri/ fem. . a
small fire temple in which Parsis keep
their sacred fire.
Agocr /\.go.c\r/ adj.
1.beyond senses. 2. imperceptible.
AiGn /\g.ni/ masc. .fire
13
AiGndah /\g.ni.dah/ masc.
. cremation ceremony.
AiGns&Skar /\g.ni.sam.ska.r\/
masc. . cremation
ceremony.
A3i4t /\.g˙\.ˇit/ adj. improper.
A3ru& /\.g˙\.ru~/ adj.
difficult.
Ac&bo /\.c\m.bo/ masc. .1. a
surprise, 2. an astonishment
Acank /\.ca.n\k/ advb. .
1.suddenly, 2. accidentally
AcUk /\.cuk/ advb.
.1.without a mistake, 2. sure
A2t /\.c˙\t/ fem. .1.scarcity,
2. shortage
A2tu& /\.c˙\.tu~/ advb.
.1.secret, 2. hidden
A2bDa /\.c˙\b.Îa/ masc. .
chicken-pox (honorific).
A2Ut /\.c˙ut/ adj. .
untouchable

A2o6o /\.c˙o.Îo/ masc. a
chain of gold or silver
Ajgr /\Ô.g\r/ masc. . a
python
Ajb /\.Ô\b/ adj. .1. strange, 2.
surprising
Ajmavvu& /\Ô.mav.vu~/
v.tr. 1. to try, 2. to test.
Ajmo /\Ô.mo/ masc. . parsley
AjvaXvu& /\Ô.vaÆ.vu~/ v.tr.
.to cleanse.
AjvaXIyu& /\Ô.va.Æi.Ôu~/
neut. 1. the bright half of a lunar month,
2. Small holes in the roof foe admitting
sun-light.
AjvaXu& /\Ô.va.Æu~/ neut.
.light
Aj&po /\.Ô\.mpo/ masc. .
restlessness
Aja8 /\.Ôa¯/ adj. . ignorant
Aja*yu& /\.Ôa.¯yu~/
adj.1.unknown, 2. stranger
AjaybI /\.Ôa.j\.bi/ fem. .1. a
wonder, 2. a surprise
A@8R /\.Ôir.¯\/ neut.
indigestion
Ajey /\.Ôej/ adj. .
unconquerable
Ajo6 /\.Ôo.Î/ adj. . unique
A}aan /\g.na.n\/ neut. .
ignorance
A}aanI /\g.na.ni/ adj.
.ignorant
A4k /\.ˇ\k/ fem. .1. surname,
2. a family name. 3. last name.
A4kvu& /\.ˇ\k.vu~/ v.intr. . to
stop.
A4kX /\ˇ.k\Æ/ fem. . an
inference
14
A4p4u& /\ˇ.p\.ˇu~/ adj.
1.intricate, 2. complex
A4vavu& /\ˇ.va.vu~/ v.intr. . to
wander.
A5vai6k /\ˇ˙.va.Îik/
adj. . weekly
A5vai6yu& /\ˇ˙.va.Îi.ju~/
neut. a week
A5&g /\.ˇ˙\˜.g\/ adj. . out and
out.
A5\5a; /\.ˇ˙ˇ˙a.i/ fem. . a
religious vows of the Jains. A person
who takes this vow fasts for the period
of eight days.
A5\5a8u& /\.ˇ˙ˇ˙a.¯u~/ adj. .
ninety eight.
A5\5avn /\.ˇ˙ˇ˙a.v\n/
adj. fifty eight.
A5\yotr /\.ˇ˙jo.t\r/ adj. .
seventy eight.

A5\yasI /\.ˇ˙ja.si/ adj. . eighty
eight.
A6kvu& /\.Î\k.vu~/ v.tr. .to
touch.
A6`e p6`e /\Î.k˙e p\Î.k˙e/
adv..1. beside,
2. adjacent to, 3. side by side.
A6g /\.Î\g/ adj. .1.
immovable, 2. unperturbed.
A6c8 /\Î.c\¯/ fem. .
obstacle
A6talIs /\Î.ta.lis/ adj.
forty eight.
A6d /\.Î\d/ masc. a kind of
pulse
A60u& /\Î.d˙u~/ adj. half.
A6plu& /\.Î\p.lu~/ neut. .1.a
mischief, 2. a prank
A6vu& /\Î.vu~/ v.tr. . to touch.
A6s5 /\Î.s\ˇ˙/ adj. .sixty
eight.
A6oA6 /\Îo.\Î/ postp.
.very closely.
A6\6o /\Î.Îo/ masc. .a meeting
place of unsocial element.
A7Xk /\.Î˙\.Æ\k/ adj. .
plentiful.
A7ar /\.Î˙ar/ adj. . eighteen.
A7I /\.Î˙i/ adj. . two and a
half.
15
A8gmo /\¯.g\.mo/ masc.
. dislike.
A836 /\¯.g˙\Î/ adj. .
unskilled
A80ayuR& /\¯.d˙a.rju~/ adj.
& advb. unexpected.
A8manItu& /\¯.ma.ni.tu~/
adj. .unfavorable.
A8vr /\¯.v\r/ masc. a
relative of the bridgroom who assists
him during marriage ritual.
Ai8 /\.¯i/ fem. sharp point of
anything.
Aiti9 /\.ti.t˙i/ masc. . a guest
who comes without prior information.
Aitrek /\.ti.rek/ masc. . an
excess
AtIt /\.tit/ masc. . past.
Atu4 /\.tuˇ/ adj. . unbreakable.
A]ar /\ˇ.ˇ\r/ neut. .perfume
ATy&t /\t.j\n.t\/ adj. .
excessive
ATyacar /\t.ja.car/ masc. .
tyranny
ATyare /\t.ja.re/ adv.. just now
A{a /\t.r\/ advb.. at this place

A96avu& /\t˙.Îa.vu~/ v.intr.
.1. to collide, 2. to hit against.
A9a8u& /\.t˙a.¯u~/ neut. .
pickle
Ada /\.da/ fem. . action.
Adalt /\.da.l\t/ fem. . a
judicial court.
Adavt /\.da.v\t/ fem. .
enmity.
A±+y /\.dr\ß.j\/ adj. .
invisible.
Ade`a; /\.de.k˙ai/ fem. .
jealously
Ade`u& /\.de.k˙u~/ adj. .
jealous
Ad\-Ut /\d.b˙ut/ adj. .
wonderful
A0kcru& /\d˙.k\c.ru~/
adj. partly baked or cooked.
A0m /\.d˙\m/ adj. mean.
A0mUw& /\d˙.mu.u~/ adj. .
half-dead.
A0mR /\.d˙\r.m\/ masc. .1.
the reverse of religion, 2. immoral.
A0vc /\d˙.v\c/ advb..1.
in the middle, 2. midway.
Ai0kar /\.d˙i.kar/ masc. .
a right.
A0Iru& /\.d˙i.ru~/ adj. .
impatient.
A0uru& /\.d˙u.ru~/ adj. .
incomplete.
A)0r /\d˙.d˙\r/ advb..1.
unsupported, 2. hanging in mid air.
An9R /\.n\r.t˙\/ masc. . a
misinterpretation.
16
An&t /\.n\n.t\/ adj. .1.endless,
2. infinite.
Anaj /\.naÔ/ neut. .grain.
Ana9 /\.nat˙/ adj. . orphan.
Ana9a[am /\.na.t˙a.ßr\.m\/
masc. . an
orphanage.
Anadr /\.na.d\r/ masc. .
an insult.
Anamt /\.na.m\t/ fem. .
deposit.
AnamI /\.na.mi/ adj. .
nameless.
Ainyimt /\.nij.mit/ adj.
irregular.
Aini¾t /\.niß.cit/ adj. .
uncertain.
AnIit /\.ni.ti/ fem.
immorality.
Anukr8 /\.nu.k\.r\¯/
neut.
immitation.

AnukUX /\.nu.kuÆ/ adj. .
suitable.
Anuk/m /\.nu.kr\m/
masc. .1. order, 2. sequence.
Anu-v /\.nu.b˙\v/ masc.
experience.
Anu-vI /\.nu.b˙\.vi/ adj.
experienced.
Anuman /\.nu.man/ neut. .
an inference.
Anuvad /\.nu.vad/ masc.
translation.
Anusrvu& /\.nu.s\r.vu~/
v.intr to follow.
AnuSnatk /\.nus.na.t\k/
adj. post-graduate.
AnuSvar /\.nus.var/ neut.
a sign written on the top of a letter that
indicates a nasal sound or nasalization
of a vowel.
Ane /\.ne/ conj.. and.
Anek /\.nek/ adj. . many.
ANyay /\n.jaj/ masc. .
injustice.
Apco /\.p\.co/ masc. .
indigestion.
Apj= /\p.Ô\ß/ masc.
.disgrace.
Apman /\p.man/ neut. .
an insult
17
Apvad /\p.vad/ masc. . an
exception.
Apiv{a /\.p\.vit.r\/ adj.
unholy.
Ap=Bd /\p.ß\b.d\/ masc.
an abuse.
Ap=ukn /\p.ßu.k\n/
masc. . ill-omen.
Ap&g /\.p\˜.g\/ adj. . 1. lame,
2. crippled.
Apasro /\.pa.s\.ro/ masc. .
a Jain monestry.
ApUj /\.puÔ/ adj. . not
worshipped.
Apexa /\.pek.ßa/ fem. .
expectation.
Ap/g4 /\.pr\.g\ˇ/ adj. .
unpublished.
Aip/y /\p.ri.j\/ adj. .
disguisting.
Afva /\p˙.va/ fem. . a
rumors.
Afsos /\p˙.sos/ masc. .1.
repentance, 2. alas.
Abj /\.b\Ô/ adj. . one
thousand millions.
Abjopit /\.b\.Ôo.p\.ti/
adj. a millionaire
A-8 /\.b˙\¯/ adj. .
illiterate.

A-av /\.b˙av/ masc. .
dislike.
Ai-n&dn /\.b˙i.n\n.d\n/
masc. congratulation.
(Honorific)
Ai-neta /\.b˙i.ne.ta/ masc.
. a male actor.
Ai-p/a.y /\.b˙i.pra.j\/
masc. . an opinion.
Ai-man /\.b˙i.man/ neut.
. arrogance.
Ai-manI /\.b˙i.ma.ni/
adj. . arrogant.
A_yas /\b˙.ja.s\/ masc. .1.
study, 2. practice.
Amr /\.m\r/ adj. immortal.
Amaru& /\.ma.ru~/ pron.. our
(exclusive).
Amas /\.mas/ fem. . the last
day of the dark half of a lunar month.
Amuk /\.muk/ adj. . some.
AmULy /\.mul.j\/ adj.
.priceless.
Ame /\.me/ pron.. we
(exclusive).
AyoGy /\.jog.j\/ adj. .
improper.
ArIso /\.ri.so/ masc. .a
mirror.
Are /\.re/ inter.. an exclamation
expressing surprise, `oh’.
18
A9R /\r.t˙\/ masc. 1. meaning,
2. wealth.
Alg /\.l\g/ adj. . separate.
AlI /\.li/ fem. . a female friend
for a female.
Alop /\.lop/ adj. . invisible.
AlOkIk /\.l\u.kik/ adj. .
devine.
Avd=a /\v.d\.ßa/ fem. .
misfortune.
Avnvu& /\v.n\.vu~/ adj. .
new.
Avyv /\.v\.j\v/ masc. .a
limb.
Avro0 /\v.rod˙/ masc. .a
hurdle.
Avlokn /\v.lo.k\n/
neut. . observation.
Av+y /\vß.j\/ advb. . surely.
Avsr /\v.s\r/ masc. an
occasion.
Avsan /\v.san/ neut.
death.
AvXa; /\v.Æai/ fem. improper
behavior.

AvXu& /\v.Æu~/ adj. up side
down.
Avaj /\.vaÔ/ masc. .1.voice, 2.
sound.
Avarnvar /\.var.n\.var/
advb. .frequently.
AvaXu& /\.va.Æu~/ neut. . the
gums of teeth.
Aivny /\.vi.n\j/ masc.
.immodesty.
A=kt /\.ß\k.t\/ adj. . weak.
A=a&t /\.ßa~n.t\/ adj. . troubled.
A=u)0 /\.ßud˙.d˙\/ adj. .
impure.
A=u- /\.ßub˙/ adj.
inauspicious.
Aqa6 /\.ßaÎ/ masc. ninth
month of the Vikram era.
AsTy /\.s\t.j\/ neut. .1. false,
2. untrue.
Asr /\.s\r/ fem. .effect.
Asl /\.s\l/ adj. .original.
Ashkar /\.s\h.kar/
masc. .
non-co-operation.
Ashay /\.s\.haj/ adj. .
helpless.
As¬ /\.s\h.j\/ adj. .
unbearable.
As&~y /\.s\¯.k˙j\/ adj.
innumerable.
As&toq /\.s\n.toß/ masc. .
dissatisfaction.
As&-v /\.s\m.b˙\v/ adj.
.impossible.
As&mt /\.s\m.m\t/ adj.
.disagreeing.
As&SkarI /\.sams.ka.ri/
adj. . uncivilized.
Asa)y /\.sa.d˙j\/ adj. .
incurable.
Asur /\.sur/ masc. . demon.
AiS9r /\.st˙i.r\/ adj. .
unstable.
ASpQ4 /\.sp\ß.ˇ\/ adj. .
vague.
ASvC2 /\.sv\c.c˙\/ adj. .
impure.
ASvS9 /\.sv\s.t˙\/ adj.
1.restless 2. sick.
ASva-aivk /\.sva.b˙a.vi.k\/
adj. . unnatural.
ASvIkar /\.svi.kar/ masc.
1.rejection 2. denial.
Aih&sk /\.him.s\k/ adj. .
non-violent.
19

Aihsa /\.him.sa/ fem. . nonvilence.
AhI& /\.hi~/ advb. . here.
AhI&ya& /\.hi~.ja~/ advb. .same as
AhI&.
Ahoho /\.ho.ho/ excl.. an
exclamation expressing surprise.
AX`am8u& /\Æ.k˙am.¯u~/
adj. .1. unfavorable 2. disagreeable.
AXgu& /\Æ.gu~/ adj. .1.detached
2. uncommon.
A&kur /\˜.ku.r\/ masc. .1. a
sprout 2. an offshoot.
A&g /\˜.g\/ neut. . the body.
A&grxk /\˜.g\.r\k.ß\.k\/
masc. .a body-guard.
A&gU5I /\˜.gu.ˇ˙i/ fem. . a
finger ring.
A&gU5o /\˜.gu.ˇ˙o/ masc. .a
thumb.
A&g/ej /\˜.g\.reÔ/ masc. . an
Englishman.
A&g/e@ /\˜.g\.re.Ôi/ fem.
.English.
A&t /\n.t\/ masc. . an end.
A&tr /\n.t\r/ neut. . distance.
20
A&tr /\n.t\r/ neut. .1.the
heart 2. the mind. [an abstract notion that
refers to one’s conscience.]
A&itm /\n.tim/ adj. . last.
A&te /\n.te/ advb. .1. finally 2. at
last.
A&dr /\n.d\r/ postp. .1. in 2.
within 3. inside 4. into.
A&daj /\n.daÔ/ masc. . an
estimate.
A&0a0U&0I /\n.d˙a.d˙u~n.d˙i/
fem. . chaos.
A&0apo /\n.d˙a.po/ masc. .
blindness.
A&0arIyu& /\n.d˙a.ri.ju~/ neut.
. the dark half of a lunar month.
A&0aru& /\n.d˙a.ru~/ neut. .
darkness.
A&bo6o /\m.bo.Îo/ masc. . a
knot of plaited hair of a woman.
A&= /\mß/ masc. .a part, a section
Aa
Aa /a/ proun.. this.
Aakar /a.kar/ masc. .1. shape
2. form.
Aaka= /a.kaß/ neut. . sky.
Aaka&xa /a.ka~.kßa/ fem. .
desire.

Aak

Aa8vu& /a¯.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to fetch
2. to bring.
Aa8u& /a.¯u~/ neut. .
AaTma /at.ma/ masc. . soul.
Aa9m8u& /a.t˙\m.¯u~/ adj. .
western.
Aa9mvu& /a.t˙\m.vu~/ v.intr
.to set.
Aadr /a.d\r/ masc. .respect.
Aad=R /a.d\r.ß\/ adj. . ideal.
Aada=I=I /a.da.ßi.ßi/ fem. .
migraine.
Aaid /a.di/ adj. first.
Aaid /a.di/ advb. . etc.
AaidvasI /a.di.va.si/ masc.
.1. aboriginal, 2. tribal.
Aadu& /a.du~/ neut. .green ginger.
Aade= /a.deß/ masc. . an order.
Aa0ar /a.d˙ar/ masc. .1. a
support 2. an evidence.
Aa0uink /a.d˙u.nik/ adj. .
modern.
Aa0e6 /a.d˙eÎ/ adj. . elderly.
Aa)yaiTmk /a.d˙jat.mik/
adj. spiritual.
Aan&d /a.n\n.d\/ masc. .1.
pleasure 2. joy.
AanakanI /a.na.ka.ni/ fem.
1.hesitation 2. indecision.
Aap8e /ap.¯e/ pron.. we
(inclusive).
22
Aapi]a /a.p\t.ti/ fem. . trouble.
AapmeXe /ap.me.Æe/ advb. .
atomatically.
Aaple /ap.le/ fem. . give and
take.
AapvItI /ap.vi.ti/ fem. .1.
autobiography 2. good and bad events of
life.
Aapvu& /ap.vu~/ v.tr. . to give.
AapoAap /a.po.ap/ advb. .
automatically.
Aafro /ap˙.ro/ masc. . gas
due to indigestion.
AafUs /a.p˙u:s/ fem. . a
kind of mango.
Aab£ /ab.ru/ fem.
.reputation.
AabehUb /a.be.hub/ adj. .
exact.
Aabohva /a.bo.h\.va/ fem. .
climate.
Aa- /ab˙/ neut. . sky.

Aa-ar /a.b˙ar/ masc. .
thanks.
Aa-as /a.b˙as/ masc.
.illusion.
Aa-Uq8 /a.b˙u.ß\¯/ neut. .
ornaments.
Aam /am/ advb. .in this manner.
Aamjnta /am.Ô\n.ta/
adj. .1. the common people, 2. laymen.
Aam8e /am.¯e/ pron.. these
persons.
Aamtem /am.tem/ advb.
.here and there.
Aam9I /am.t˙i/ advb. .from
this side.
AamdanI /am.da.ni/ fem.
.income.
AamNya /amn.ja/ fem. .
respect for the elders.
Aamr8 /a.m\.r\¯/ advb. .
till the end of life.
AamlI /am.li/ fem. .the
tamrid tree.
AamXvu& /a.m\Æ.vu~/ v.tr. . to
twist together.
Aam&{a8 /a.m\n.tr\¯/
neut. an invitation.
Aam&{a8 pi{aka /a.m\n.tr\¯ p\.tri.ka/
fem. .an
invitation letter.
Aayno /aj.no/ masc. . a mirror.
Aaya. /a.ja/ fem. . a maid servent.
Aayat /a.jat/ fem. . import.
Aayojn /a.jo.Ô\n/ neut. .
management.
AartI /ar.ti/ fem. .1. a sacred
lamp 2. a religious prayer sung with a
sacred lamp.
Aarpar /ar.par/ advb. .
through one end to another.
Aar&- /a.r\m.b˙\/ masc. .
beginning.
Aaram /a.ram/ masc. . rest.
AaroGy /a.rog.j\/ neut. .
health.
Aarop /a.rop/ masc. .
accusation.
Aalvu& /al.vu~/ v.tr. .to give.
Aavk /a.v\k/ fem. income.
Aavkar /av.kar/ masc. .
welcome.
Aav6t /av.Î\t/ fem. . a
skill.
Aav6vu& /a.v\Î.vu~/ v.exp..
to
know.
23

Aav6u& /av.Îu~/ adj. . of this
size.
Aavrda /a.v\r.da/ fem.
.life-span.
Aavvu& /av.vu~/ v.intr. to come.
Aavu& /a.vu~/ advb. .of this kind.
Aaveg /a.veg/ masc. . an
excitement.
Aave= /a.veß/ masc. . an
emotional excitement.
Aa=y /a.ß\j/ masc. . an
intention.
Aa=re /aß.re/ advb. .1. about 2.
approximately 3. roughly.
Aa=ro /aß.ro/ masc. .shelter.
Aa=a /a.ßa/ fem. . hope.
Aa=a7 /a.ßaÎ˙/ masc. . the
nine month of the Hindu calendar.
Aai=q /a.ßiß/ fem. . a blessing.
Aai=vaRd /a.ßir.vad/ masc.
a blessing. (honorific)
Aa¾yR /aß.c\r.j\/ neut. . a
surprise.
Aa[am /aß.r\m/ masc. .a
hermitage.
Aa¼asn /aß.va.s\n/ masc.
. consolation.
Aasn /a.s\n/ neut. . a seat
(formal).
Aas pas /as.pas/ advb.
around.
Aasman /as.man/ neut. .
the sky.
24
AaiStk /as.ti.k\/ adj. . theistic.
Aaso /a.so/ masc. . the last month
of Hindu calander.
AaS9a /as.t˙a/ fem. .1. faith 2.
devotion.
AaSvad /as.va.d\/ masc. .a
tasting.
Aahaha /a.ha.ha/ inter.. an
exclamation signifying surprise.
Aahar /a.har/ masc. . food
(formal).
AahIr /a.hir/ masc. . a
shepherd community.
Aahuit /a.hu.ti/ fem. .1. an
offering 2. a sacrifice.
AaXs /a.Æ\s/ fem. .laziness.
AaXo4vu& /a.Æoˇ.vu~/ v.intr. . to
wallow.
Aa&k /a~k/ masc. . tables of
multiplications.
Aa&k6a=aS{a /a~k.Îa.ßaß.tr\/
neut. . statistics.

Aa&k6o /a~k.Îo/ masc. .1. a
number 2. a number-sign.
Aa&kvu& /a~k.vu~/ v.tr. . to
estimate a price.
Aa&` /a~k˙/ fem. . an eye.
Aa&g8u& /a~g.¯u~/ neut. . open
space in front of a house.
Aa&gXIyat /a~.g\.Æi.jat/ adj. .
a child of the former husband of a
remarried woman.
Aa&ckvu& /a~.c\k.vu~/ v.tr. . to
snatch forcfully.
Aa&ckI /a~c.ki/ fem. .hiccup.
Aa&cko /a~c.ko/ masc. . a jerk.
Aa&jvu& /a~Ô.vu~/ v.tr. . to anoint
eyes with collyrium.
Aa&tr6u& /a~.t\r.Îu~/ neut. .
intestine.
Aa&trraiQ4^y /a~n.t\r. raß.ˇri.ja/
adj. . international.
Aa&trvu& /a~.t\r.vu~/ v.tr. .to
block.
Aa&trIk /a~t.rik/ adj. .
internal.
Aa&doln /a~n.do.l\n/ neut. .
agitation.
Aa&08 /a~.d˙\¯/ neut. . water
boild for cooking food.
25
Aa&bo /a~.bo/ masc. . a mango tree.
Aa&su& u/a~.su~/ neut. . a tear.
;C2vu& /ic.c˙\.vu~/ v.tr. . to
wish.
;C2a /ic.c˙a/ fem. .1. desire 2.
wish.
;
;jner /iÔ.ner/ masc. . an
engineer.
;jaro /i.Ôa.ro/ masc.
.monopoly.
;jjt /iÔ.Ô\t/ fem. .1. reputation
2. a woman’s chasity.
;5\5oter /iˇ˙.ˇ˙o.ter/ adj. .
seventy eight.
;5\yasI /i.ˇ˙ja.si/ adj. . eighty
eight.
;tr /i.t\r/ adj. . another.
;ithas /i.ti.has/ masc.
.history.
;nam /i.nam/ neut. .1. a gift
2. a present 3. a prize.
;mam /i:.mam/ masc. . the
chief prise of Muslims (honorific).
;mart /i:.ma.r\t/ fem. . a
big building.

;yX /i:.j\Æ/ fem. . a kind of
worm.
;laj /i:.laÔ/ masc. .a cure.
;laycI /i:.la.j\.ci/ fem.
.cardamom.
;+k /i:ß.k\/ masc. . love.
;iSptal /i:s.pi.tal/ fem. . a
hospital.
;Slam /is.lam/ masc. . Islam.
;N±Iy /in.dri.j\/ fem. . a
sense.
:
:ja /iŠ.Ôa/ fem. .injury.
:6lI /iŠÎ.li/ fem. . a South
Indian food dish.
:d /iŠd/ fem. . a festival of
Muslims.
:d6u& /iŠd.Îu~/ neut. . a food
item made out of fermented flour.
:=an /iŠ.ßan/ fem. .north-east.
:¼r /iŠß.v\r/ masc. .god.
:sa: /iŠ.sa.iŠ/ masc. a
Christian.
:&4 /iŠˇ/ fem. .a brick.
:&6u& /i~Š.¯du~/ neut. . an egg.
wkr6o /u.k\r.Îo/ masc. .a
dunghill.
w
26
wkXvu& /u.k\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. . to
boil.
wkXa4 /uk.Æaˇ/ masc. .
uneasiness and perspiration caused by
heat.
wkaXvu& /u.kaÆ.vu~/ v.tr. .to
make something boiled.
wkel /u.kel/ masc. . a solution.
wkelvu& /u.kel.vu~/ v.tr. .to
read (in the sense of deciphering).
wkelvu& /u.kel.vu~/ v.tr. .to
solve.
wkelvu& /u.kel.vu~/ v.tr. . to
untwined.
w`a8u& /u.k˙a.¯u~/ neut. . a
riddle.
wgamvu& /u.gam.vu~/ v.tr. .
to raise something to strike.
w3ra8I /ug˙.ra.¯i/ fem. .
collection of money due from.
w3ravvu&& /ug˙.rav.vu~/
v.tr. .to collect money by contribution.
wca4 /u.caˇ/ masc. .
restlessness.
wcapt /u.ca.p\t/ fem. .
misappropriation.

wCcar /uc.car/ masc. .
pronunciation.
wCcarvu& /u.ccar.vu~/ v.tr. .
to pronounce.
wC2vas /uc.c˙\.vas/
masc. . exhaling.
w2Xvu& /u.c˙\Æ.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to jump, 2. to be tossed.
w2aXvu& /u.c˙aÆ.vu~/ v.tr. .
to toss up.
w2ervu& /u.c˙er.vu~/ v.tr. . to
raise.
wjagro /u.Ôag.ro/ masc. .
abstinence from sleep.
wja8I /u.Ôa.¯i/ fem. a picnic.
wjj6 /uÔ.Ô\Î/ adj. barren
(land)
w5m8u& /u.ˇ˙\m.¯u~/ neut.
a ritual performed after death.
w5vu& /uˇ˙.vu~/ v.intr. . to get
up.
w5a6vu& /u.ˇ˙aÎ.vu~/ v.tr. .
to wake up.
w5a&trI /u.ˇ˙a~n.t\.ri/ fem. .
a theft.
w6aw /u.Îa.u/ adj. .
extravagant.
w6avvu& /u.Îav.vu~/ v.tr. . to
make something fly.
w6avvu& /u.Îav.vu~/
v.tr. . to use up.
wtarvu& /u.tar.vu~/ v.tr. . to
unload. See wtrvu&
wtarvu& /u.tar.vu~/ v.tr. .to
make a copy.
wtaru& /u.ta.ru~/ masc. . a
passenger.
wtaro /u.ta.ro/ masc. .1. an
inn. 2. a lodging house.
wtaro /u.ta.ro/ masc. .1. a
copy. 2. a transcript.
wtavX /u.ta.v\Æ/ fem. .
haste.
w]am /ut.t\m/ adj. . the best.
w]ar /ut.t\r/ masc. . an
answer.
w]ar /ut.t\r/ masc. the North.
w]aejk /ut.te.Ô\k/ adj. . stimulating.
wTpi]a /ut.p\t.ti/ fem. .
production.
wTpadk /ut.pa.d\k/ masc.
1. a producer. 2. a manufacturer.
27
wTpadn /ut.pa.d\n/ neut. .
an act of producing.
wTsv /ut.s\v/ masc. . a
festival.

wTsah /ut.sah/ masc. .1.
enthusiasm. 2. zeal.
w9lavvu& /ut˙.lav.vu~/
v.tr. 1. to depose. 2. to over turn. See
w9lvu&
wdar /u.dar/ adj. . generous.
wdas /u.das/ adj.
.1.unconcerned. 2. dejected.
wdahr8 /u.da.h\.r\¯/
neut. 1. an example. 2. an illustration.
wd\3a4n /ud.g˙a.ˇ\n/
neut. . an inauguration.
w¥e= /ud.de.ß\/ masc. . an
intention.
w)0ar /ud˙.d˙a.r\/ masc. .
salvation.
wd\-v /ud.b˙\.v\/ masc.
.1. birth. 2. creation.
wd\yog /ud.jo.g\/ masc. .1. a
vocation. 2. an industry.
w0rs /ud˙.r\s/ fem. .
cough.
w0ar /u.d˙ar/ adj. . given or
taken on credit.
wnaXu& /u.na.Æu~/ adj. .
pertaining to summer.
wnaXo /u.na.Æo/ masc. .
summer.
wpkar /up.kar/ masc. . an
obligation.
wpcar /up.car/ masc. .1. a
remedy. 2. cure.
w pjvu& /u.p\Ô.vu~/ v.intr.
.to grow
wpjavvu& /up.Ôav.vu~/
v.tr. to reproduce.
wpde= /up.deß/ masc. .
preaching.
wpngr /up.n\.g\r/
neut. . a suburb.
wpnam /up.nam/ neut. . a
nickname.
28
wpyog /up.jog/ masc. . use.
wpr /u.p\r/ postp. 1. above.
2. on. 3. over something.
wpra&t /up.ra~t/ advb. .1.
additionally. 2. besides.
wprI /up.ri/ masc. . a superior
officier.
wpvas /up.vas/ masc. . a
fasting.
wps&har /up.sam.har/
masc. a summary.
wpa6 /u.paÎ/ masc. .
withdrawal of money.
wpa6vu& /u.paÎ.vu~/ v.tr. . to
lift.
wpay /u.paj/ masc. . a cure.

wmda /um.da/ adj. . 1. best.
2. excellent.
wmr /u.m\r/ fem. . age.
wmXko /u.m\Æ.ko/ masc. .
an outburst of warm feeling.
wm&g /u.m\˜.g\/ masc. zeal.
wmervu& /u.mer.vu~/ v.tr. .to
add.
wmero /u.me.ro/ masc. . an
addition.
wl4avvu& /ul.ˇav.vu~/ v.tr. .
to turn up side down.
wlecvu& /u.lec.vu~/ v.tr. . to
raise up water.
wLle` /ul.lek˙/ masc. . a
mention.
w+kervu& /uß.ker.vu~/ v.tr. .
to instigate.
w&dr /un.d\r/ masc. . 1. a rat.
2. a mouse.
w&bro /um.b\.ro/ masc. the
threshold of a door.
W
WkXvu& /u.k\�.vu~/ v.intr. .
to boil.
WkaXvu& /u.ka.Æ\.vu~/ v.tr.
.to boil.
W`6vu& /u.k˙\Î.vu~/
v.intr. . to be ripped off.
29
W`a6vu& /u.k˙aÎ.vu~/ v.tr.
.1. to tear off, 2. to dismember.
Wgrvu& /u.g\r.vu~/ v.intr. .
to escape.
Wgvu& /ug.vu~/ v.intr. . to
grow.
Wgvu& /ug.vu~/ v.intr. . to
rise.
Wckvu& /u.c\k.vu~/ v.tr. .1.
to life. 2. to raise.
W2rvu& /u.c˙\r.vu~/ v.intr.
. to be brought up.
Wjvvu& /u.Ô\v.vu~/ v.tra.
.to celebrate.
WjXu& /uÔ.Æu~/ adj. .1. bright. 2.
shining.
W5vu& /uˇ˙.vu~/ v.intr. . to
stand up.
W6vu& /uÎ.vu~/ v.intr. . to fly.
W8p /u.¯\p/ fem. .a
deficiency.
Wtrvu& /u.t\r.vu~/ v.intr. .
to climb down.
W9lvu& /u.t˙\l.vu~/ v.intr. .
to be up-side-down.
W9lo /u.t˙.lo/ masc. .1. an
upset. 2. an overturning.

W0; /u.d˙\.i/ fem. . a white
ant.
Wn /un/ neut. . wool.
Wpj /u.p\Ô/ fem. .1. a farm
product. 2. an income.
Wp6vu& /u.p\Î.vu~/ v.intr.
.1. to be lifted. 2. to set out a journey.
W-aW- /u.b˙a.ub˙/
advb.
hurriedly.
W-u& /u.b˙u~/ adj. . standing
upright.
Wl4I /ul.ti/ fem. . vomiting.
Wl4u& /ul.ˇu~/ adj. .1. opposite.
2. contrary.
WlXvu& /u.l\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. .
to be bumped.
Whapoh /u.ha.poh/ masc.
. uproar.
W&3 /u~˜.g\/ fem. . sleep.
W&ckvu& /u~.c\k.vu~/ v.tr.
.to lift up.
W&ca; /u~.cai/ fem. . height.
W&cu& /u~.cu~/ adj. . high.
W&4 /u~ˇ/ neut. . a camel..
W&6a; /un.Îa.i/ fem. . depth.
W&6u& /u~¯.Îu~/ adj. . deep.
30
W&0Iyu& /u~n.d˙i.ju~/ neut. . a
food made of vegetables, various types
of beans, roots and etc. Popular in South
Gujarat.
W&0u& /u~n.d˙u~/ adj. . bottom
upward.
¢
¢ju /ru.Ôu/ adj. . 1.soft. 2.
gentle.
¢8 /ru¯/ neut. . a debt.
¢tu /ru.tu/ fem. . a season.
¢iq /ru.ßi/ masc. . a sage.
Ae
Ae /e/ adj. .that.
Aek /ek/ adj. .one.1.
Aek4a8u& /ek.ˇa.¯u~/ neut. . a
kind of fasting in which a person eats
only once a day.
Aek6o /ek.Îo/ masc. . the sign
of number 1.
Aekta /ek.ta/ fem. . unity.
AektaXIs /ek.ta.Æis/ adj. .
forty one.
Aek{aIs /e.k\.tris/ adj. .
thirty one.
Aekdm /ek.d\m/ advb. . at
once.

Aek0aru& /ek.d˙a.ru~/ adj. .1.
constant. 2. incessant.
AekpxI /ek.p\.kßi/ adj. .
one sided.
AekpiTn]v /ek.p\t.nit.v\/
neut. monogamy.
Aekm /e.k\m/ fem. . fist day
of bright or dark half of Hindu month.
Aekma{a /ek.mat.r\/ adj. .
the only one of a type.
Aekmek /ek.mek/ advb. .
mutually.
Aekrag /ek.rag/ masc. . 1.
unity. 2. harmony.
Aek£p /ek.rup/ adj. . of
similar form.
Aekl dokl /e.k\l do.k\l/
adj. . lonely.
Aeklpe4u& /e.k\l.pe.ˇu~/
adj. . selfish.
Aeklvayu& /e.k\l.va.ju~/ adj.
. lonely.
Aekvgu& /ek.v\.gu~/ adj. . all
together.
Aekvcn /ek.v\.c\n/ neut.
. singular.
AekvIs /ek.vis/ adj. . twenty
one.
Aeks5 /ek.s\ˇ˙/ adj. . sixty
one.
Aeksr`u& /ek.s\r.k˙u~/
adj. . uniform.
Aek&dr /ekn.d\r/ advb. .
totally.
AekaAek /e.ka.ek/ advb. .
suddenly.
Aeka8u& /e.ka.¯u~/ adj. . ninety
one.
31
Aekad=I /e.ka.d\.ßi/ fem. .
the eleventh day of dark or bright half of
a Hindu month.
Aeka=I /e.ka.ßi/ adj. . eighty
one.
Aeka&kI /e.ka~.ki/ adj. . one act
play.
Aeka&t /e.ka~n.t\/ neut. . lonely.
AekI sa9e /e.ki sa.t˙e/ advb.
. all at atime.
Aekek /ek.kek/ advb. . one by
one.
Aekotr /e.ko.t\r/ adj. .
seventy one.
Aekya=I /e.kja.ßi/ adj. . eighty
one.
Ae4le /eˇ.le/ advb. . therefore.
Ae5u& /´.ˇ˙u~/ neut. . the left over
food.

Ae6I /e.Îi/ fem. . heel.
AelcI /el.ci/ fem. . cardamom.
AelcI /el.ci/ masc. . an
ambassador. (honorific)
Aev6u& /ev.Îu~/ advb. . of that
size.
Aevu& /e.vu~/ advb. . of that
manner.
Aevama& /e.va.ma~/ advb. . in
the mean time.
Ae= /´ß/ masc. .enjoyment.
.
AE
AEravt /\i.ra.v\t/ masc. .
Indra’s elephant (with seven trunks).
AE¼yR /\i.ßv\.rj\/ neut.
godliness.
Ao
Aog8calIs /o.g\¯.ca.lis/
adj. . thirty nine.
Aog8{aIs /o.g\¯.tris/
adj.
.twenty nine.
Aog8pcas /o.g\¯.p\.cas/
adj. .forty nine.
Aog8sa;5 /o.g\¯. sa.iˇ˙/
adj. .fifty nine.
Aog*yaAe&=I./og.¯ja. ´~ßi/
adj.
seventy nine.
Aog8Is /og.¯is/ adj.
.nineteen.
32
AoXgvu& /ø.g\Æ.vu~/ v.intr ..to
melt.
AoicNtu& /ø.cin.tu~/ advb. .
suddenly.
AoC2v /oc.c˙\v/ masc. . a
festival.
Ao2abolu& /o.c˙a.bo.lu~/ adj.
. reserved.
Ao2u& /o.c˙u~/ adj. . less than
necessary.
Aojar /o.Ôar/ neut. . an
instrument.
Ao4 /oˇ/ masc. . an ebb.
Ao4lo /oˇ.lo/ masc. . a raised
platform adjoining the outer wall of a
building.
Ao4vu& /oˇ.vu~/ v.tran.. to hem.
Ao7vu& /oÎ˙.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
wrap over the body. 2. to wear a sari.
Aor6o /or.Îo/ masc. . a room.
Aorvu& /or.vu~/ v.tr. . to sow
seeds.
AorI /o.ri/ fem. .1. small-pox 2.
measles.
Aolvvu& /o.l\v.vu~/ v.tr. . to
extinguish.

AosrI /os.ri/ fem. . the front
open part of a house.
Ao=Iku& /o.ßi.ku~/ neut. . a
pillow.
AoX` /o.Æ\k˙/ fem. . idenitity.
AoXvu& /oÆ.vu~/ v.tr. . to comb
(hair).
AoX&gvu& /o.Æ\˜.g\.vu~/ v.tr. .
to cross over.
AO
AOicTy /\u.ci.tj\/ adj. .
appropriateness.
AOdICy /\u.diŠ.cj\/ masc. . a
sub-caste of Brahmin
AOpcarRIk /\up.ca.rik/
adj. . formal.
AOq0 /\u.ß\d˙/ neut. a
medicine.
Aod\yoigk /\u.djo.gik/
adj. . industial.
kk\ko /k\k.ko/ masc. .
alphabet.
K
kckc /k\c. k\c/ fem. .1. a
boring talk. 2. a quarrel.
kc6vu& /k\.c\Î.vu~/ v.tr. to
trample.
kcrape4I /k\c.ra pe.ˇi/
fem. a dust bin.
kcro /k\c.ro/ masc. .
garbage.
kcva4 /k\c.vaˇ/ masc. .1.
grumbling. 2. dissatisfaction.
kca= /k\.caß/ fem.
1.unripenness. 2. imperfection. 3.
deficiency.
kcu&br /k\.cum.b\r/ neut.
raw vegetables cut into pieces.
kcorI /k\.co.ri/ fem. . a type
of food.
kijya`or /k\.Ôi.ja.k˙or/
adj. quarrelsome.
kjo6u& /k\.Ôo.Îu~/ neut. . an
unfit match.
33
k4ko /k\ˇ.ko/ masc. . a piece.
k4ok4I /k\.ˇo.k\.ˇi/ fem. . a
crisis.
k4oro /k\.ˇo.ro/ masc. . a
bowl.
k58 /k\.ˇ˙\¯/ adj. . hard.
k5In /k\.ˇ˙in/ adj. .
difficult.
ki5yaro /k\.ˇ˙i.ja.ro/ masc.
.a woodcutter.
k5e6o /k\.ˇ˙e.Îo/ masc. . a
railing.

k5or /k\.ˇ˙or/ adj. . harsh.
k5oX /k\.ˇ˙oÆ/ neut. . pulses.
k6ko /k\Î.ko/ masc. .1.a
piece
2. penniless.
k6vu& /k\Î.vu~/ adj. . bitter in
taste.
k6akU4 /k\.Îa.kuˇ/ fem. .
unnecessary botheration.
k6Iyo /k\.Îi.jo/ masc. .1. a
mason 2. a brick-layer
k6I /k\.Îi/ fem. .1. a hook 2. an
earring.
k6u& /k\.Îu~/ neut. . an armlet.
k7&gu& /k\.Î˙\˜.gu/ adj. .1.
clumsy 2. awkward in shape.
k7I /k\.Î˙i/ fem. .a food item.
k8 /k\¯/ masc. a grain.
k8svu& /k\.¯\s.vu~/ v.intr.
. to groan.
k9Xvu& /k\.t˙\Æ.vu~/ v.intr.
.to deteriorate.
k9a /k\.t˙a/ fem. . a stroy.
k9akar /k\.t˙a.kar/ masc.
. a story teller.
kd /k\d/ neut. . size.
34
kd£pu& /k\d.ru.pu~/ adj. .
ugly.
kdavr /k\.da.v\r/ adj.
.huge.
kn6gt /k\.n\Î.g\t/
fem. . harassment.
kNya /k\n.ja/ fem. .1. an
unmarried girl. 2. Virgo.
kp4 /k\.p\ˇ/ neut. . deceit.
kp6a&l]aa& /k\p.Îa~.l\t.ta~/
neut. pl.. clothes.
kp6u& /k\p.Îu~/ neut. . cloth.
kpru& /k\p.ru~/ adj. . tough.
kpaX /k\.pa�/ neut. . the
forehead.
kpas /k\.pas/ masc. . a
cotton plant.
kpoX /k\.poÆ/ adj. . a sub
caste in Bania community.
kf /k\p˙/ masc. .cough.
kb@yat /k\.b\.Ôi.jat/
masc.
constipation.
kbjo /k\b.Ôo/ masc. . a
blouse.
kbr /k\.b\r/ fem. . a grave.
kba4 /k\.baˇ/ neut. . a cup-board.

kbUtr /k\.bu.t\r/ neut. .
a pigeon.
kmnsIb /k\m.n\.sib/
adj. . unfortunate.
kmr /k\.m\r/ fem. . a waist.
kmX /k\.m\Æ/ neut. . a lotus.
kmXo /k\m.Æo/ masc. .
jaundice.
kma; /k\.ma.i/ fem. .
earnings.
kmavu& /l\.ma.vu~/ v.intr. . to
earn.
kmurt /k\.mu.r\t/ neut.
inauspicious time or hour.
kmot /k\.mot/ neut. .
unnatural death.
kmosm /k\.mo.s\m/
fem. .1. bad weather. 2. untimely.
krksr /k\r.k\.s\r/ fem.
. economy.
krgrvu& /k\r.g\r.vu~/
v.intr. . to request humbly.
krclo /k\.r\c.lo/ masc. . a
crab.
krj /k\.r\Ô/ neut. . a debt.
krmavu& /k\r.ma.vu~/
v.intr..to wither.
krvu& /k\r.vu~/ v.tr. . to do.
kra /k\.ra/ masc. pl..1. hailstones.
35
krar /k\.rar/ masc. . a written
agreement.
kirya8u& /k\.ri.ja.¯u~/ neut. .
grocery.
kiryavr /k\.ri.ja.v\r/
neut. . a bride’s father’s gift to
bridegroom and his relatives.
kru8 /k\.ru¯/ adj. .1.
pathetic 2. tragic.
kru8a /k\.ru.¯a/ fem. .
kindness.
k£p /k\.rup/ adj. . ugly.
kro6 /k\.roÎ/ adj. . ten
millions.
kro6 /k\.roÎ/ fem. . a spine.
kro6rjju /k\.roÎ.r\Ô.Ôu/
fem. . the spinal cord.
kroiXyo /k\.ro.Æi.jo/ masc. .
a spider.
kl&k /k\.l\nk/ neut. .1. a blot
2. a blemish.
kla /k\.la/ fem. . art.
klak /k\.lak/ masc. . an hour.
klakar /k\.la.kar/ masc. .
an artist.

kLpna /k\l.p\.na/ fem. .
imagination.
kLpvu& /k\l.p\.vu~/ v.tr. . to
imagine.
kLya8 /k\l.ja.¯\/ neut. .
well-being.
kviy{aI /k\.v\.ji.tri/ fem. .a
female poet.
kiv /k\.vi/ masc. . a male poet.
k=u& /k\.ßu~/ adj. . whatever
thing.
k=u&k /k\.ßu~k/ adj. .
something.
ksrt /k\s.r\t/ fem. . an
exercise.
ksa; /k\.sai/ masc. . a
butcher.
kso4I /k\.so.ˇi/ fem. . a test.
khe8 /k\.he¯/ neut. . a
message.
khevt /k\.he.v\t/ fem. . a
proverb.
khevu& /k\.he.vu~/ v.tr. . to say.
k¬agru& /k\h.ja.g\.ru~/
adj. . obedient.
kXtr /k\Æ.t\r/ neut. . a
kind of body pain.
kXI /k\.Æi/ fem. . a bud.
k;& /k\.i~/ advb. .1. where? 2.
some.
k;&k /k\.i~k/ advb. .
something.
36
k&kav4I /k\n.ka.vaˇi/ fem. .
a small bowl to keep k&ku>
k&ku /k\n.ku/ neut. . a red
powder/ paste used in rituals and certain
social customs such as putting bindi on
the forehead.
k&kotrI /k\.nko.t\.ri/ fem. .
an invitation letter.
k&jUs /k\n.Ôus/ adj. . miserly.
k&4aXvu& /k\n.ˇaÆ.vu~/ v.intr. .
to be bored.
k&4aXo /k\n.ˇa.Æo/ masc. .
medium.
k&5 /k\¯t˙/ masc. .1. the throat
2. a vocal tune.
k&5I /k\¯.ˇ˙i/ fem. . a kind of
necklace.
k&do; /k\n.doi/ masc. . a confectioner.
k&doro /k\n.do.ro/ masc. . a
waist-band.
k&parI /k\m.pa.ri/ fem. . a
shivering.
k&pvu& /k\mp.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to
shiver 2. to tremble.
k&sar /k\m.sar/ masc. .a
sweet.

kak6I /kak.Îi/ fem. .
cucumber.
kaka /ka.ka/ masc. hon..
paternal uncle.
kaka@ /ka.ka.Ôi/ masc. . a
brother of the father-in-law.
kakI /ka.ki/ fem. . a paternal
uncle’s wife.
kakI@ /ka.ki.Ôi/ fem. . the
wife of the brother of the father-in-law.
kag6o /kag.Îo/ masc. . a
crow.
kagX /ka.g\Æ/ masc. .1. paper
2. a letter.
kagaroX /ka.ga.roÆ/ fem. .
rowdism.
kac /kac/ masc. .1. glass 2.
mirror.
kacbo /kac.bo/ masc. . a
tortoise.
kaic&6o /ka.ci¯.Îo/ masc. . a
chameleon.
kacu& /ka.cu~/ adj. .1.unripe 2.
raw.
kajX /ka.Ô\Æ/ neut. .eye-salve.
kaju /ka.Ôu/ neut. . a cashew-nut.
ka4 /kaˇ/ masc. . rust.
ka7vu& /kaÎ˙.vu~/ v.tr. . to
take out.
ka8u& /ka.¯u~/ adj. .1. a hole, 2.
one-eyed.
katr /ka.t\r/ fem. . scissors.
37
katrvu& /ka.t\r.vu~/ v.tr. . to
cut with scissors.
katrI /kat.ri/ fem. .a waferthin
slice.
kadv /ka.d\v/ masc. . mud.
kan /kan/ masc. . an ear.
kap /kap/ masc. . reduction.
kap6 /ka.p\Î/ neut. . cloth.
kaplI /kap.li/ fem. . a
clipping of a paper.
kapvu& /kap.vu~/ v.tr. . to cut.
kapo /ka.po/ masc. .1.a cut. 2 a
mark made by cutting.
kabr /ka.b\r/ neut. . a kind
of bird.
kabU /ka.bu/ masc. . control.
kam /kam/ neut. . work
kam /kam/ masc. . sexual
desire.
kamclaw& /kam.c\.lau~/ adj. .tentative.

kamcor /kam.cor/ adj. .
not inclined to work.
kamdar /kam.dar/ masc. .
a manual worker.
kamdev /kam.dev/ masc. .
ther god of love.
kam0&0o /ka.d˙n.d˙o/
masc. .1. business 2. profession.
kaydo /kaj.do/ masc. . a law.
kaym /ka.j\m/ adj. . forever.
karkun /kar.kun/ masc. . a
clerk.
kar`anu& /kar.k˙a.nu~/
neut. . a factory.
kar8 /ka.r\¯/ neut. .1. a
reason 2. a cause.
kartk /kar.t\k/ masc. . the
first month of Hindu year.
kartUs /kar.tus/ neut. . a
cartridge.
kar-ar /kar.b˙ar/ masc. .
management.
kal /kal/ fem. .1.tomrrow 2.
yesterday.
kavtru& /ka.v\t.ru~/ neut. .
fraud.
kaVy /kav.j\/ neut. . a poem.
kaX@ /kaÆ.Ôi/ fem. . care.
kaXju& /kaÆ.Ôu~/ neut. .1.the
lever.
kaXu& /la.Æu~/ adj. . black.
38
kaXotrI /ka.Æo.t\.ri/ fem. . a
letter containg someone’s death’s
message.
ka&krI /ka~k.ri/ fem. . a smll
pebble.
ka&kro /ka~k.ro/ masc. . a
pebble.
ka&4aXu& /ka~.ˇa.Æu~/ adj. . throny.
ka&4o /ka~.ˇo/ masc. . a thorn.
ka&4o /ka~.ˇo/ masc. . a weighing
machine.
ka&5o /ka~.ˇ˙o/ masc. .1. a bank 2.
a shore 3 a coast.
ka&6u& /ka~¯.Îu~/ neut. . a wrist.
ka&do /ka¯.do/ masc. . onion.
ka&0 /ka~n.d˙\/ fem. . one of the
shoulders.
ka&skI /ka~s.ki/ fem. . a small
comb mainly for women.
ka&sko /ka~s.ko/ masc. . a
comb.
ikLlo /kil.lo/ masc. . a fortress.
ik=or /ki.ßor/ masc. . a minor
boy.

ik=orI /ki.ßo.ri/ fem. . a minor
girl.
kI4lI /kiˇ.li/ fem. . a kettle.
kI6I. /ki.Îi/ fem. . an ant.
kI6o /ki.Îo/ masc. . an insect.
kImt /ki.m\t/ fem. . price.
kIitR /kir.ti/ fem. . fame.
ku4u&b /ku.ˇum.b\/ neut. . a
family.
ku4ev /ku.ˇev/ fem. . a bad
habit.
kutUhl /ku.tu.h\l/ neut.
curiosity.
kudrt /kud.r\t/ fem. .
nature.
kUXdev /kuÆ.dev/ masc. . a
family deity.
kuStI /kus.ti/ fem. . wrestling.
kuseva /ku.se.va/ fem. . a
disservice.
kuha6I /ku.ha.Îi/ fem. . a
small axe.
kuha6o /ku.ha.Îo/ masc. . an
axe.
ku&6X /ku¯.Î\Æ/ masc. a kind
of ear ring.
ku&-ar /kum.b˙ar/ masc. . a
potter.
ku&varu& /ku~.va.ru~/ adj. .
unmarried.
kUk6o /kuk.Îo/ masc. . a
cock.
39
kUk6I /kuk.Îi/ fem. . a hen.
kUtrI /kut.ri/ fem. . a female
dog.
kUtru& /kut.ru~/ neut. . a dog.
kUtro /kut.ro/ masc. . a male
dog.
kU9lI /kut˙.li/ fem. . scandal.
kUdvu& /kud.vu~/ v.intr. . to
jump.
kudavvu& /ku.dav.vu~/ v.tr.
see kuda6vu.
kUvo /ku.vo/ masc. . a waterwell.
kU&cI /ku~.ci/ fem. .1. a key 2. a
clue.
kU&pX /ku.mp\Æ/ fem. . a
sprout.
ke4lu& /keˇ.lu~/ adj. . how much.
ke6 /k´Î/ fem. .a waist.
ked /k´d/ fem. . a prison.
kem /k´m/ advb. .why.

kedI /k´.di/ masc. .a prisoner.
kerI /k´.ri/ fem. .a mango.
kev6u& /kev.Îu~/ adj. .how big
kevu& /ke.vu~/ adj. .of what kind.
kesr /ke.s\r/ neut. .saffron.
kesrI /kes.ri/ adj. .saffron
colored.
keX /keÆ/ fem. .a banana-tree.
keXv8I /ke.Æ\v.¯i/ fem. .1.
bringing up. 2. training.
keXvvu& /ke.Æ\v.vu~/ v.tr. .to
bring up.
keXu& /ke.Æu~/ neut. .a banana.
ko; /ko.i/ prono..someone.
kogXIyu& /kø.g\.Æi.ju~/ neut.
cholera.
kogXo /køg.Æo/ masc. .1. a
mouthful of liquid 2. a gargle.
ko5I /ko.ˇ˙i/ fem. .a large vessel
to stor grain.
ko6Iyu& /ko.Îi.ju~/ neut. .a kind
of earthern lamp.
ko7 /koÎ˙/ masc. .leprosy.
ko8I /kø.¯i/ fem. .an elbow.
kotrvu& /ko.t\r.vu~/ v.tr. .1.
to engrave 2. to carve.
ko9mIr /kot˙.mir/ neut.
coriander.
ko9XI /kot˙.Æi/ fem. .a purse
of cloth.
ko9Xo /koˇ˙.Æo/ masc. .a
large beg of cloth.
kodaXI /ko.da.Æi/ fem. .1. a
hoe 2. a spade.
konu& /kø.nu~/ pron.. whose.
40
kopru& /kop.ru~/ neut. .a kernel
of a coconut.
kom /kom/ fem. .a caste-group.
komvad /kom.vad/ masc.
.1. communalism 2. castism.
korvu& /kor.vu~/ v.tr. .to bore a
hole.
kolso /kol.so/ masc. .coal.
kolahl /ko.la.h\l/ masc. .a
continuous loud noise.
koi== /ko.ßiß/ fem. .an effort.
kohvu& /koh.vu~/ v.intr. .to rot.
koXI /ko.Æi/ fem. .a caste.
koXu& /ko.Æu~/ neut. .a pumpkin.
kO4uiMbk /k\u.ˇum.bik/
adj. pertaining to a family.

kO-a&6 /k\u.b˙a~nÎ/ neut.
.a scandal.
kO&s /k\ums/ masc. .a bracket.
Ex. [], {}, ( ).
kyare /kja.re/ advb. .when.
kya& /kja~/ advb. .where.
k/ur /kru.r\/ adj. .cruel.
k/o0 /kro.d˙\/ masc. .anger.
`
``6vu& /k˙\.k˙\Î.vu~/
v.intr. .to rattle.
``6avvu& /k˙\k˙.Îav.vu~/
v.tr. .to knock (on
a door etc.).
`ckavu& /k˙\c.ka.vu~/
v.intr. .to hesitate.
`ca`c /k˙\.ca.k˙\c/
advb. densely.
`Ccr /k˙\c.c\r/ neut. .a
mule.
`jancI /k˙\.Ôan.ci/
masc. .a cashier.
`jano /k˙\.Ôa.no/ masc. .a
treasure.
`jUr /k˙\.Ôur/ neut. .a date
fruit.
41
`jU.rI /k˙\.Ôu.ri/ fem. .a date
tree.
`jUro /k˙\.Ôu.ro/ masc. .a
centipede.
`4kvu& /k˙\.ˇ\k.vu~/
v.exp.. to repent.
`4p4 /k˙\ˇ.p\ˇ/ fem. .an
intrigue.
`4ml /k˙\ˇ.m\l/ masc.
.a bug.
`4mI5u& /k˙\ˇ.mi.ˇ˙u~/
adj. sour and sweet.
`4rag /k˙\ˇ.rag/ masc. .a
quarrel.
`4lo /k˙\ˇ.lo/ masc. .a lawsuit.
`4vvu& /k˙\.ˇ\v.vu~/ v.tr.
.to make things sour.
`4aro /k˙\.ˇa.ro/ masc. .a
motor truck.
`4u&b6u& /k˙\.ˇumb.Îu~/
adj. slightly sour.
`6k /k˙\.Î\k/ masc. .a
rock.
`6klo /k˙\.Î\k.lo/
masc. .a pile.
`6kI /k˙\Î.ki/ fem. .a lane.
`6tl /k˙\Î.t\l/ adj. .a
strongly built.

`6bc6u& /k˙\Î.b\c.Îu~/
adj. .rough.
`6ecok /k˙\.Îe.cok/
advb. publicly.
`8vu& /k˙\¯.vu~/ v.tr. .to
scratch.
`tro /k˙\t.ro/ masc.
.danger.
`tvvu& /k˙\.t\v.vu~/ v.tr.
.to make an entry in a ledger.
`dbdvu& /k˙\d.b\d.vu~/
v.intr. .to boil with
a simmering sound.
`pvu& /k˙\p.vu~/ v.intr. .to
be sold.
`br /k˙\.b\r/ fem. .news.
`-o /k˙\.b˙o/ masc. .the
shoulder.
`m8 /k˙\.m\¯/ neut. .a
food item.
`mvu& /k˙\m.vu~/ v.tr. .to
tolerate.
`mIs /k˙\.mis/ neut. .a
shirt.
`rpvu& /k˙\.r\p.vu~/ v.tr.
.to hoe.
`rvu& /k˙\r.vu~/ v.intr. .to
fall (fruit, leaves etc.)
`rab /k˙\.rab/ adj. .bad.
`ru& /k˙\.ru~/ adj. .correct.
`rè r /k˙\.re.k˙\r/
advb. .1. truly 2. indeed.
`cR /k˙\r.c\/ neut. . expense.
`las /k˙\.las/ adj. .1.
exhausted 2. the end.
`lasI /k˙\.la.si/ masc. .a
sailor.
`lel /k˙\.lel/ masc.
.disturbance.
`vas /k˙\.vas/ fem. .name
of a community.
`s /k˙\s/ fem. .scabies.
`s`s /k˙\s.k˙\s/ fem.
.poppy seeds.
42
`se6vu& /k˙\.seÎ.vu~/ v.tr.
.to move.
`X`X /k˙\Æ. k˙\Æ/ advb.
.the rippling sound of a water flow.
`&`ervu& /k˙\n.k˙er.vu~/
v.tr. .to pluck down.
`&jrI /k˙\µ.Ô\.ri/ fem. .a
small tambourin.
`&jvaXvu& /k˙\µ.Ô\.vaÆ.vu~/
v.tr. .to seratch.
`&6 /k˙\¯.Î\/ masc. .1. a part
2. a room. 3. a continent.

`&i6yer /k˙\¯.Îi.jer/ neut.
.a ruin.
`a; /k˙a.i/ fem. .1. a ditch 2. a
trench.
`aw0ru& /k˙a.u.d˙\.ru~/
adj. . gluttonous.
`ajlI /k˙aÔ.li/ fem. .a food
item.
`aju /k˙a.Ôu/ neut. .a food item.
`a4kI /k˙aˇ.ki/ masc. .a
butcher.
`a4lo /k˙aˇ.lo/ masc. .a cot.
`a4vu& /k˙aˇ.vu~/ v.tr. .to be
benefited.
`a4u& /k˙a.ˇu~/ adj. .sour.
`a6I /k˙a.Îi/ fem. .a creek.
`a6o /k˙a.Îo/ masc. .a pit.
`a8 /k˙a¯/ fem. .a mine.
`ai8yo /k˙a.¯i.jo/ masc. .a
miner.
`a8u& /k˙a.¯u~/ neut. .a dinner.
`atmurt /k˙at.mu.r\t/
neut. .a ceremony of laying a foundation.
`atr /k˙a.t\r/ fem.
.hospitality.
`atr /k˙a.t\r/ neut.
.fertilizer.
43
`atr /k˙a.t\r/ neut. .housebreaking
(by theif)
`atrI/k˙at.ri/ fem. .trust.
`atavhI /k˙a.ta.v\.hi/
fem. a ledger.
`atu& /k˙a.tu~/ neut. .an account.
`a0a`orakI /k˙a.d˙a.kho.ra.ki/
fem. .1.
maintenance 2. livelihood.
`angI /k˙an.gi/ adj.
.secret.
`anu& /k˙a.nu~/ neut. .a drawer.
`aboicyu& /k˙a.bo.ci.ju~/
neut. .a puddle.
`amI /k˙a.mi/ fem. .a defect.
`aru& /k˙a.ru~/ adj. .salty.
`arek /k˙a.rek/ fem. .a dry
date.
`al /k˙al/ fem. .skin.
`alI /k˙a.li/ adj. .1. empty 2.
poor 3. purposelessly.
`avu& /k˙a.vu~/ v.tr. .to eat.
`as /k˙as/ adj. .1.special 2.
personal. Ex. Aa maro `as ma8s 2e.
`as /k˙as/ advb. .specially.
Ex. hu& `as tmara 3er AavI=.

`aisyt /k˙a.si.j\t/ fem. .a
special quality.
`aX /k˙aÆ/ fem. .a drain.
`a&co /k˙a~.co/ masc. .1. a turn
2. a lane.
`a&6 /k˙a~Î/ fem. .sugar.
`a&6vu& /k˙a~¯Î.vu~/ v.tr. .to
pound.
`a&sI /k˙a~.si/ fem. .cough.
i`skolI /k˙is.ko.li/ fem.
.a squirrel.
`Ic6I /k˙ic.Îi/ fem. .a
food.
`Ico`Ic /k˙i.co.k˙ic/
advb. densely.
`Ijvvu& /k˙i.Ô\v.vu~/ v.tr.
.to tease.
`I8 /k˙i¯/ fem. .1. a valley 2.
a rift.
`Ir /k˙ir/ fem. .a food item.
`Il /k˙il/ masc. .a pimple.
`Ilvu& /k˙il.vu~/ v.intr. .to
blossom.
`ISsu& /k˙is.su~/ neut. .a
pocket.
`ur=I /k˙ur.ßi/ fem. .a chair.
`ulaso /k˙u.la.so/ masc. .a
clarification.
`uLlu& /k˙ul.lu~./ adj. .open.
`u= /k˙uß/ adj. .joyful.
`u=numa /k˙uß.nu.ma/
adj. .pleasant (climate).
`u=amt /k˙u.ßa.m\t/
fem..flattery.
`u=I /k˙u.ßi/ fem. .pleasure.
`UjlI /k˙uÔ.li/ fem. .itching
sensation.
`U4vu& /k˙uˇ.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to
be used up 2. to run out.
`U8o /k˙u.¯o/ masc. .1. an
angle 2. a corner.
`Un /k˙un/ neut. .1. blood 2.
murder.
44
`Ub /k˙ub/ adj. .1. plentiful 2.
much.
`UbI /k˙u.bi/ fem. peculiar
quality.
`Ulvu& /k˙ul.vu~/ v.intr. .to
open.
`U&cvvu& /k˙u~.c\v.vu~/
v.tr. .to snatch away.
`U&cvu& /k˙u~c.vu~/ v.intr. .to
prick.
`U&0 /k˙u~d˙/ fem. .a hump.

`e6vu& /k˙eÎ.vu~/ v.tr. .to
plow.
`e6Ut /k˙e.Îut/ masc. .a
farmer.
`etr /k˙e.t\r/ neut. .a farm.
`etI /k˙e.ti/ fem. .farming.
`erat /k˙e.rat/ fem. .1. almsgiving
2. charity.
`el /k˙el/ masc. .1. a sport.2. a
show (of play, cinema etc.)
`elvu& /k˙el.vu~/ v.intr. to
play.
`ela6I /k˙e.la.Îi/ masc. .a
player.
`evna /k˙ev.na/ fem. .care.
`e&ca8 /k˙´~.ca¯/ neut.
.attraction.
`o`ru& /k˙ok˙.ru~/ adj. .1.
dull 2. broken.
`o`u& /k˙o.k˙u~/ neut. .an
empty box.
`oja /k˙o.Ôa/ masc. .a Muslim
caste.
`o4 /k˙oˇ/ fem. .loss.
`o4kavu& /k˙oˇ.ka.vu~/
v.intr. to stop functioning.
`o4u& /k˙o.ˇu~/ adj. .1.wrong. 2.
false.
`o6 /k˙oÎ/ fem. .1. a defect 2.
a deficiency.
`o6vu& /k˙oÎ.vu~/ v.tr. .to
erect.
`otrvu& /k˙o.t\r.vu~/ v.tr.
.1. to scratch 2. to dig by scrapping.
`odvu& /k˙od.vu~/ v.tr. .to
dig.
`oda8 /k˙o.da¯/ neut. .a
digging.
`oprI /k˙op.ri/ fem. .the
skull.
45
`obo /k˙o.bo/ masc. .the shape
formed by the joined palms.
`orvavu& /k˙or.va.vu~/
v.intr. .to be disrupted.
`orak /k˙o.rak/ masc. .food.
`olvu& /k˙ol.vu~/ v.tr. .to
open.
`ovu& /k˙o.vu~/ v.tr. .to miss.
`osvu& /k˙os.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
drive into 2. to penetrate 3. to pierce.
`oXa-r8u& /kho.Æa.b˙\r.¯u~/
neut. .the
celebration of first pregnancy.
`oXIyu& /k˙o.Æi.ju~/ neut. .1. a
bed or pillow cover 2. the body.
`oXo /k˙o.Æo/ masc. .the lap.

g
g;kal /g\i.kal/ fem.
yesterday.
gg6vu& /g\.g\Î.vu~/ v.intr.
.to roll down.
gjro /g\Ô.ro/ masc. .a
bouquet of flowers.
gjvu& /g\Ô.vu~/ neut. .a pocket.
gzl /g\.z\l/ fem. .a type of
poem.
g4g4avvu& /g\ˇ.g\.ˇav.vu~/
v.tr. .to swallow
quickly.
g4r /g\.t\r/ fem. .a gutter.
g5\5o /g\ˇ˙.ˇ˙o/ masc. .a
lump.
g6da pa4u& /g\Î.da.pa.ˇu~/
neut. .blows by hand
and feet.
g6do /g\Î.do/ masc. .a
punch.
g6b6 /g\Î.b\Î/ fem. .1.
a rowdyism 2. misappropriation.
g6m9l /g\Î.m\.t˙\l/
fem. .hard work.
g6I /g\.Îi/ fem. .a fold (of
cloth, paper etc.).
g7 /g\Î˙/ masc. .a fortress.
g7vI /g\Î˙.vi/ masc. .a
keeper of a fortress.
g7vI /g\Î˙.vi/ fem. .a
community.
g8karvu& /g\¯.kar.vu~/
v.tr. .to care for.
g8g8vu& /g\¯.g\¯.vu~/
v.intra..1. to murmur 2. to grumble.
g8trI /g\.¯\t.ri/ fem. .1.
calculation 2. counting
g8pit /g\¯.p\ti/ masc.
hon..the god Ganpati.
g8vu& /g\¯.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
count 2. to calculate.
g8ve= /g\¯.veß/ masc. .a
uniform.
gi8t /g\.¯it/ neut.
.mathematics.
g8e= /g\.¯eß/ masc. the god
Ganesh.
g*yu&ga&5yu& /g\.¯ju~. ga~.ˇ˙ju~/
adj. .a little.
46
gtagm /g\.ta.g\m/ fem. .
understanding.
git /g\.ti/ fem. .1. motion 2.
speed.
gd\y /g\.dj\/ neut. .prose.
g0e6u& /g\.d˙e.Îu~/ neut. .s
donkey.

gpgoXo /g\p.go.�o/ masc.
.a rumor.
gpsp /g\p.s\p/ fem.
.gossip.
gPpIdas /g\p.pi.das/
masc. a rumor-monger.
gflt /g\p˙.l\t/ fem. .1. a
mistake 2. carelessness.
gb6vu& /g\.b\Î.vu~/ v.intr.
.to roll down.
gbI /g\.bi/ fem. .a foolish girl
or woman.
gbo /g\.bo/ masc. .a foolish
boy or man.
g-ra4 /g\b˙.raˇ/ masc.
.frightful confusion.
g-ravu& /g\b˙.ra.vu~/
v.intr.
.to get frightened.
g-ru& /g\b˙.ru~/ adj. .simplehearted.
gm /g\m/ masc. .sadness.
gmgIn /g\m.gin/ adj.
.sad.
gMmt /g\m.m\t/ fem.
.merriment.
gmvu& /g\m.vu~/ v.exp.. to
like.
gmar /g\.mar/ adj. .manner
less.
gr /g\r/ masc. .pulp.
grj /g\.r\Ô/ fem. .need.
grju /g\r.Ôu/ adj. .needy.
grjvu& /g\.r\Ô.vu~/ v.intr.
.to thunder.
grdn /g\r.d\n/ fem. .the
neck.
47
grnaXu& /g\r.na.Æu~/ neut. .a
culvert.
grbI /g\r.bi/ fem. .a kind of
poem.
grbo /g\r.bo/ masc. .1. a
kind of poem 2. a pot with holes that
used during Navaratri festival.
grm /g\.r\m/ adj. .hot.
grmI /g\r.mi/ fem. .heat.
grmagrm /g\r.ma.g\.r\m/
adj. .fresh and
hot.
grvu& /g\r.vu~/ v.intr. .to fall
slowly (of leaves, flowers, dew etc.)
grIb /g\.rib/ adj. .poor.
grIba; /g\.ri.bai/ fem.
.poverty.
gru6 /g\.ruÎ/ neut. .an eagle.

groXI /g\.ro.Æi/ fem. .a lizard.
g-aR0an /g\r.b˙a.d˙an/
neut. .impregnation.
g-aR=y /g\r.b˙a.ß\j/
neut. .the uterus.
gvR /g\r.v\/ masc. .proud.
glkI /g\l.ki/ fem. .a kind of
creeper (vegetable).
glgo4o /g\l.go.ˇo/ masc. .a
kind of flower plant.
glI /g\.li/ fem. .a street.
glU6I/yu& /g\.lu.Îi.ju~/ neut.
.a pup.
glofu& /g\.lo.p˙u~/ neut. .the
inside of the cheek.
gLla&tLla& /g\l.la~.t\l.ta~/
masc. pl. .pretexts.
gLlo /g\l.lo/ masc. .a cash-box.
gvn /g\.v\n/ neut. .a kind
of sari.
gvEyo /g\.v\i.jo/ masc. .a
songster.
gXc4u& /g\Æ.c\.ˇu~/ adj.
.sweetish.
gXcvu& /g\.Æ\c.vu~/ v.tr. .to
over eat.
gXcI /g\Æ.ci/ fem. .1. the
neck 2. the throat.
gX8I /g\.Æ\.¯i/ fem. .a
funnel.
gXp8 /g\Æ.p\¯/ neut.
.sweetness.
48
gXvu& /g\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. .to ooze.
gXa4U&po /g\.Æa.ˇu~.po/
masc. .a strangling.
gXafa&so /g\.Æa.p˙a~.so/
masc. .a strangulation.
gXu& /g\.Æu~/ neut. .the throat.
gâyu& /g\.Æju~/ adj. .sweet.
g&@ /g\µ.Ôi/ fem. .a stack of
hay.
g&dkI /g\nd.ki/ fem .filth.
g&du /g\n.du~/ adj. .dirty.
g&0 /g\n.d˙\/ fem. .smell.
g&0avu& /g\n.d˙a.vu~/ v.intr.
.to
stink.
g&-Ir /g\m.b˙ir/ adj. .1.
deep 2. cool-minded 3. serious.
gaj /gaÔ/ neut. .a button-hole.
gajr /ga.Ô\r/ neut. .a carrot.
gajvIj /gaÔ.viÔ/ fem.
.lightening and thunder together.

gajvu& /gaÔ.vu~/ v.intr. .to
thunder.
ga6I /ga.Îi/ fem. .a vehicle.
ga6u& /ga.Îu~/ neut. .a cart.
ga7 /gaÎ˙/ adj. .thick.
ga8u& /ga.¯u~/ neut. .a song.
ga9a /ga.t˙a/ fem. .a moral or
religous story.
gadlu& /gad.lu~/ neut. .a
mattress.
gadI /ga.di/ fem. .1. a throne, 2.
a cushion.
gab6u& /gab.Îu~/ neut. .1. a
hole 2. a pit.
gam /gam/ neut. .a village.
gayk /ga.j\k/ masc. .a male
singer.
gaiyka /ga.ji.ka/ fem. .a female
singer.
galIco /ga.li.co/ masc. .a
carpet.
gavu& /ga.vu~/ v.tr. .to sing.
gaX /gaÆ/ fem. .a curse word.
gaXvu& /gaÆ.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
filter 2. melt 3. to pass time.
ga&g6o /ga~g.Îo/ masc. .a
solid lump.
ga&5 /ga~ˇ˙/ fem. .a knot.
ga&6u& /ga~.Îu~/ adj. .1. mad 2.
lunatic.
gIc /gic/ adj. .overcroweded.
gIt /git/ neut. .a song.
gI0 /gid˙/ neut. .a vulture.
gIrvI /gir.vi/ adj. .on
mortgage.
gIro /gi.ro/ adj. .on mortgage.
gujrvu& /gu.Ô\r.vu~/ v.intr.
.1. to pass by 2. to die.
gujran /guÔ.ran/ neut.
.livelihood.
49
gujarvu& /gu.Ôar.vu~/ v.tr. .to
pass time.
gu4ko /guˇ.ko/ masc. .a small
booklet.
gu8 /gu¯/ masc. .quality.
gu8gan /gu¯.gan/ neut. .an eulogy.
gu8doq /gu¯.doß/ masc.
.merits and demerits.
gu8vu& /gu¯.bv~/ v.tr. .to
multiply.
gu8akar /gu.¯a.kar/ masc.
.multiplication.

gu8o]ar /gu.¯o.tt\r/ masc.
.a ratio.
gunegar /gu.ne.gar/ adj.
.criminal.
guno /gu.no/ masc. .a crime.
gupcUp /gup.cup/ advb.
.quietly.
guPt /gu.pt\/ adj. .secret.
gufa /gu.p˙a/ fem. .a cave.
gumavvu& /gu.mav.vu~/
v.tr. .to lose.
guru /gu.ru/ masc. . a teacher.
guru /gu.ru/ adj. .1. big 2. large.
gulmor /gul.mør/ neut. .a
tree.
gulab /gu.lab/ neut. .1. the
rose plant. 2. a rose flower
gulam /gu.lam/ masc. .a
slave.
guSso /gu.sso/ masc. .anger.
gu&jvu& /guµÔ.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to
hum 2. to buzz.
gu&6o /gu¯.Îo/ masc. .a bully.
gu&dr /gun.d\r/ masc. .1.
glue 2. gum.
gu&bj /gum.b\Ô/ masc. .a
dome.
gU7 /guÎ˙/ adj. .secret.
gU8 /gu¯/ fem. .a sack.
gUm6u& /gum.Îu~/ neut. .a
skin-boil.
gU&gXavu& /gu˜.g\.Æa.vu~/
v.intr. .to be suffocated.
gU&c /gu~c/ fem. .1.a twisting of
threads 2. intricacy.
gU&9vu& /gu~t˙.vu~/ v.tr. .to
knit.
gU&dvu& /gu~d.vu~/ v.tr. .to
trample.
50
gerkayde /ger.kaj.de/ adj.
and advb. .illegal.
gerkaydesr /ger.kaj.de.s\r/
advb. .illegally.
gerrSte /ger.r\s.te/ advb.
.wrongly.
gerla- /ger.lab˙/ masc.
.loss.
gervLle /ger.v\.lle/ advb.
.at a wrong place.
gervvu& /ge.r\v.vu~/ v.tr. .to
make things (fruits, leaves) fall.
gervhIv4 /ger.v\.hi.v\ˇ/
masc.
mismanagement.

gersmj /ger.s\.m\Ô/
fem. . misunderstanding.
gokXgay /go.k\Æ.gaj/
fem. .a snail.
go`lo /gok˙.lo/ masc. .a
small recess in a wall.
go`vu& /gok˙.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
cram 2. to memorize.
gozaru& /go.Ô˙a.ru~/ adj.
.sinful.
go4lI /goˇ.li/ masc. .a mango
seed (usually soft)
go4lo /goˇ.lo/ masc. .a mango
seed (usually hard)
go4lo /goˇ.lo/ masc. .a hard
muscle.
go58 /go.t˙\¯/ masc. .one
of the knees.
go5vvu& /go.ˇ˙\v.vu~/ v.tr.
.to arrange.
goi5y8 /go.ˇ˙i.j\¯/ fem. .a
female friend.
god /god/ fem. .the lap.
god6I /god.Îi/ fem. .a kind
of mattress.
godam /go.dam/ neut. .a
store house.
gobo /go.bo/ masc. .a hollow
on a metallic surface.
goma&s /go.ma~s/ neut. .beef.
gor /gør/ masc. .a priest
(normally a Brahmin)
gora8I /gø.ra.¯i/ fem. .a
priest’s wife.
gorI /go.ri/ adj. .a whiteskinned
woman.
golmal /gol.mal/ fem. .
misappropriation.
51
govaX /go.vaÆ/ masc. .a cowherd.
govaX8I /go.va.Æ\.¯i/ fem.
.a cow-herd’s wife.
goX /goÆ/ adj. .round.
goX /goÆ/ masc. .a sub-group of
a caste.
goX /gøÆ/ masc. .jiggery.
goXgoX /goÆ.goÆ/ adj.
.evasive.
goXpap6I /goÆ.pap.Îi/
fem. .a sweet food itm.
goXm4oX /goÆ.m\.ˇoÆ/
adj. .pulpy.
goXI /go.Æi/ fem. .1. a pill 2. a
bullet.
goXo /go.Æo/ masc. .1.a globe 2.
a round lamp 3. a bulb.
gO8 /g\u¯/ adj. .secondary.

gOrv /g\u.r\v/ neut. .pride.
g/h /gr\h/ masc. .a planet.
g/h8 /gr\.h\¯/ neut. .an
eclipse.
g/&9 /gr\nt˙/ masc. .a book.
g/ahk /gra.h\k/ masc. .a
customer.
3
3w& /g˙\.u~/ masc. .wheat.
3w&v8uR& /g˙\.u~.v\.r¯u~/
adj. .of whitish color.
34 /g˙\ˇ/ fem. .a shortage.
34k /g˙\.ˇ\k/ adj.
component.
34tu& /g˙\ˇ.tu~/ advb.
.properly.
34na /g˙\ˇ.na/ fem. .event.
34maX /g˙\ˇ.ma�/ fem. a
series of events.
34vu& /g˙\ˇ.vu~/ v.intr. .to
dcrease.
34Sfo4 /g˙ˇ.sp˙oˇ/
masc. .a revealing of secret.
34a /g˙\.ˇa/ fem. .a dense
formation of trees, clouds etc.
52
34a4op /g˙\.ˇa.ˇop/ masc.
.1. thick clods 2. false show.
34a6vu& /g˙\.ˇaÎ.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to lessen 2. to reduce.
34a6o /g˙\.ˇa.Îo/ masc.
decrease.
34avvu& /g˙\.ˇav.vu~/ v.tr.
to interpret.
36tr /g˙\Î.t\r/ neut. .1.
a thing made 2. training.
36p8 /g˙\Î.p\¯/ neut.
.old age.
36vu& /g˙\Î.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
shape 2. to mould 3. to manufacture.
36a; /g˙\.Îa.i/ fem. .wages
for shaping, molding or manufacturing.
3i6yaX /g˙\.Îi.jaÆ/ fem. .1.
a watch 2. a clock.
3i6yaXI /g˙\.Îi.ja.Æi/ masc.
.a match maker.
36o /g\.Îo/ masc. .a pot.
38 /g˙\¯/ masc. .a large
heavy hammer.
38u& /g˙\.¯u~/ adj. .1. much 2.
very.
3n /g˙\n/ adj. .solid.
3m&6 /g˙\.m\¯Î/ masc. .a
false pride.

3m&6I /g˙\.m\¯.Îi/ adj.
arrogant.
3r /g˙\r/ neut. .a home.
3rkam /g˙\r.kam/ neut.
1. a household work 2. a homework.
3r`cR /g˙\r.k˙\r.c\/
neut. household expenses.
3rg(9u /g˙\r.g\t˙t˙u/
adj. produced at home.
3rcoXu& /g˙\r.co.Æu~/ neut.
1.a silk bodies for women.
3rjma; /g˙\r.Ô\.mai/
masc. .a married man living with his
father-in-law’s family.
3r6u& /g˙\r.Îu~/ adj. .old.
3rbar /g˙\r.bar/ neut.
members of the family.
3rv`rI /g˙\r.v\.k˙.ri/
fem. . household
things such as furniture, utensils etc.
3rs&sar /g˙\r.sam.sar/
masc. . worldly life.
3rs&sarI /g˙\r.sam.sa.ri/
adj. .a person
leading a worldly life.
3rak /g˙\.rak/ masc. .1. a
customer 2. a client.
3re8u& /g˙\.re.¯~/ neut. .an
ornament.
53
3vavu& /g˙\.va.vu~/ v.intr. .to
be wounded.
3s3sa4 /g˙\s.g˙\.saˇ/
advb. .to sleep soundly.
3s6vu& /g˙\.s\Î.vu~/ v.tr.
.to drag.
3s6avu& /g˙\s.Îa.vu~/
v.tr. to be dragged.
3srko /g˙\.s\r.ko/ masc.
1. a cut 2. a scratch.
3savu& /g˙\.sa.vu~/ v.intr.
.1.to be rubbed 2. to be worn out 3. to
sacrifice for others.
3&4 /g˙\¯ˇ/ masc. .a bell.
3&46I /g˙\¯ˇ.Îi/ fem. ..a
small bell.
3&4I /g˙\.¯ˇi/ fem. .a grinding
hand-mill or machine.
3a /g˙a/ adj. .two dozen papers.
3a /g˙a/ masc. .a wound.
3a3ro /g˙\g˙.ro/ masc. .a
petticoat.
3a3rI /g˙ag˙.ri/ fem. .a
small petticoat.
3a4 /g˙aˇ/ masc. . a shape.
3a4Ilu& /g˙a.ˇi.lu~/ adj. .well
built.

3a8 /g˙a¯/ masc. .a unit of
production.
3ayl /g˙a.j\l/ adj. .wounded.
3arI /g˙a.ri/ fem. .a kind of
sweet.
3alvu& /g˙al.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
thrust into 2. to penetrate.
3as /g˙as/ neut. .grass.
3I /g˙i/ neut. .ghee (refined
butter).
3uv6 /g˙u.v\Î/ masc. .an
owl.
3U3rI /g˙ug˙.ri/ fem. .a
small mealic balls (usually of
ornaments).
3U3vvu& /g˙u.g˙\v.vu~/
v.intr. .to roar (of sea)
3Umravu& /g˙um.ra.vu~/
v.intr. .to turn or move around.
3UmrI /g˙um.ri/ fem. .a
whirlpool.
3Umvu& /g˙um.vu~/ v.intr.
.to move around.
3Urkvu& /g˙u.r\k.vu~/
v.intr. .1. to roar angrily 2. to snarl.
3Usi8yu& /g˙u.s\.¯i.ju~/ adj.
.a person with intruding nature.
3Usvu& /g˙us.vu~/ v.intr. .1.
to thrust into 2. to enter forcefully or
withour prior permission.
3U&48 /g˙u~.ˇ\¯/ masc. .the
knee.
3U&4I /g˙u~.ˇi/ fem. .the shinbone.
3U&4I /g˙u~.ˇi/ fem. .a puzzle.
3e4u& /g˙e.ˇu~/ neut. .a sheep.
3en /g˙en/ neut. .intoxication.
3ebr /g˙e.b\r/ neut. .a kind
of sweet.
3er /g˙er/ masc.
.circumference.
3ervu& /g˙er.vu~/ v.tr. .to
surround.
3eru& /g˙e.ru~/ adj. .deep or dark
(usually a color).
3el2a /g˙el.c˙a/ fem. .a
craze.
3elu& /g˙e.lu~/ adj. .craziness.
3o /g˙o/ fem. .a kind of lizard.
3o6aga6I /g˙o.Îa.g˙a.Îi/
fem. .a horsecarriage.
3o6apUr /g˙o.Îa.pur/
neut. .a sudden flood.
3o6Iyu& /g˙o.Îi.ju~/ neut. .a
cradle.
3o6I /g˙o.Îi/ fem. .a mare.
54

3o6o /g˙o.Îo/ masc. .a horse.
3or /g˙or/ adj. .terrible.
3orvu& /g˙or.vu~/ v.intr. .to
snore.
3oXvu& /g˙oÆ.vu~/ v.tr. .to
soften by pressing on all sides.
c
ckckvu& /c\k.c\k.vu~/
v.intr. .1.to shine 2. to glitter.
ckckIt /c\k.c\.kit/
adj. .shining.
ck6oX /c\k.ÎoÆ/ masc.
.marry-go-round.
cktI /c\k.ti/ fem. .a name
plate.
cklo /c\k.lo/ masc. .a male
sparrow.
cklI /c\k.li/ fem. .a female
sparrow.
ckXivkX /c\.k\Æ.vi.k\Æ/
adj. . frightened and
puzzled.
ckamu& /c\.ka.mu~/ neut. .1.
sun-burn 2. sore.
ckasvu& /c\.kas.vu~/ v.tr. .to
examine.
ckor /c\.kor/ adj. .alert.
ckkr /c\k.k\r/ neut. .a
circle.
ck/m /c\k.r\m/ masc. .a
senseless person.
ck/v

c6tI p6tI /c\Î.ti p\Î.ti/
fem. . rise and fall.
c6tu& /c\Î.tu~/ adj. .rising.
c6vu& /c\Î.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to
climb 2. to rise.
c6sac6sI /c\Î.sa. c\Î.si/
fem. . intense
rivalry.
c6a; /c\.Îai/ fem. .an
invasion.
c6\6I /c\Î.Îi/ fem. .shorts.
c8 /c\¯/ masc. .grains for
birds.
c8vu& /c\¯.vu~/ v.tr. .to
construct.
c8vu& /c\¯.vu~/ v.tr. .to eat
(by birds).
ci8yo /c\.¯i.jo/ masc.
.petticoat.
c8o /c\.¯o/ masc. a grain of
gram.
ctur /c\.tur/ adj. .clever.
ctura /c\.tu.ra/ fem. .a clever
woman (used mainly in literary
language)
ctura; /c\.tu.rai/ fem.
.cleverness.
cp4I /c\p.ˇi/ fem. .a snap of
fingers.
cpX /c\.p\Æ/ adj. .skilful.
56
cpa4I /c\.pa.ˇi/ fem. .a bread.
cpocp /c\.po.c\p/ advb.
.quickly.
cPpu /c\p.pu/ neut. .a knife.
cbr`I /c\.b\r.k˙i/ fem.
.a small piece of paper (mainly hand
written)
cbrak /c\b.rak/ adj.
.1.clever 2. talkative.
cbUtro /c\.but.ro/ masc.
.a public bird feeder.
cmk /c\.m\k/ fem.
.brightness.
cmco /c\m.co/ masc. .a
spoon.
cmTkar /c\.m\t.kar/
masc. .a miracle.
cmelI /c\.me.li/ fem. .a kind
of flower plant.
crk /c\.r\k/ fem. .a bird’s
excrement.
cr`o /c\r.k˙o/ masc. .a
spinning wheel.
cr8 /c\.r\¯/ masc. .legs
(formal).

crbI /c\r.bi/ fem. .fat.
crvu& /c\r.vu~/ v.tr. .to graze.
cir{a /c\.rit.r\/ neut.
.character.
cru /c\.ru/ masc. .a pot with
broad mouth.
ccRvu& /c\rc.vu~/ v.tr. .to
discuss.
ccaR /c\r.ca/ fem. .discussion.
cl8 /c\.l\¯/ neut. .currency.
cva8u& /c\.va.¯u~/ neut. .a
type of
food.
cskvu& /c\.s\k.vu~/ v.intr.
.1.to slip 2. to escape 3. to be lostminded.
csko /c\s.ko/ masc.
.1.mascular pain 2. addiction.
chero /c\.he.ro/ masc. .a face.
cX /c\Æ/ fem. .itching sensation.
cXvX /c\.v\Æ/ fem. .a
movement.
cXvu& /c\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to
move 2. to break a promise.
cXam8 /c\.Æa.m\¯/ neut.
.leftover after sifting.
c&cX /c\µ.c\Æ/ adj. .unsteady.
c&dn /c\n.d\n/ neut. .a
sandal-tree.
57
c&± /c\n.dr\/ masc. .the moon.
c&pl /c\m.p\l/ masc.
.sleeper.
c&po /c\m.po/ masc. .a flower
plant.
ca /ca/ fem. .tea.
cakI /ca.ki/ fem. .a small metal
bolt.
caku /ca.ku/ neut. .a knife.
ca`vu& /cak˙.vu~/ v.tr. .to
taste.
ca4vu& /caˇ.vu~/ v.tr. .to lick.
ca5u& /ca.ˇ˙u~/ neut. .1. a scar 2. a
skin-burn.
caplUsI /cap.lu.si/ fem.
.flattery.
cab`o /cab.k˙o/ masc. .1. a
whip 2. a kind of poem that criticizes
social evils.
cabUk /ca.buk/ masc. .a
whip.
cam6I /cam.Îi/ fem. .skin.
cam6u& /cam.Îu~/ neut.
.leather.
camacI6Iyu& /ca.ma.ci.Îi.ju~/
neut. .a bat.

car /car/ fem. .1. fresh grass 2.
fodder.
car8 /ca.r\¯/ masc. .1. a
bard 2. a name of a caste/ community.
carpa; /car.pai/ fem. .a cot.
cair{a /ca.rit.r\/ neut.
.character.
caro /ca.ro/ masc. .fodder.
cal /cal/ fem. .style of walking.
cal /cal/ fem. .a strategy.
cal /cal/ masc. .1. a tradition 2.
a custom.
calclgt /cal.c\l.g\t/
fem. . behavior.
calba@ /cal.ba.Ôi/ fem.
cleverness.
calvu& /cal.vu~/ v.intr. .to walk.
calak /ca.lak/ adj. .1.clever 2.
skilful.
calakI /ca.la.ki/ fem. .1. a
trick 2. cleverness.
calu /ca.lu/ adj. .1.moving 2. a
person with loose character.
cavvu& /cav.vu~/ v.tr. .to chew.
cavI /ca.vi/ fem. .a key.
cas /cas/ masc. .a furrow.
58
caX8I /ca.Æ\.¯i/ fem. .a sieve.
caXvu& /caÆ.vu~/ v.tr. .to sift.
calIs /ca.lis/ adj. .forty.
co&c /cø~c/ fem. .a beak.
ca&c6 /ca~.c\Î/ masc. .a flea.
ca&d /ca~d/ masc. .the moon.
ca&dnI /ca~d.ni/ fem.
.moonlight.
ca&dlo /ca~d.lo/ masc. .an
auspicious mark done on the forehead.
ca&dI /ca~.di/ fem. .silver.
ca&dI /ca~.di/ fem. .syphilis.
ca&du& /ca~.du~/ neut. .an ulcer.
ca&do /ca~.do/ masc. .the moon.
ca&p /ca~p/ fem. .a switch.
ca&plu& /ca~p.lu~/ adj. .over
wise.
ickar /ci.kar/ adj. .full.
iccyarI /cic.ja.ri/ fem. .a
shrilling cry.
ic5\5I /ciˇ˙.ˇ˙i/ fem. .1. a note
2. a small informal letter.
ic6avu& /ci.Îa.vu~/ v.intr. .to be
vexed.
icta /ci.ta/ fem. .a funeral-pyre.

ictar /ci.tar/ masc. .1.a picture
2. a detail narration.
ic]a /cit.t\/ neut. .the mind.
ic]ao /cit.to/ masc. .1.a panther
2. a leopard.
ic{a /cit.r\/ neut. .1. a picture 2.
a drawing.
icbavlu& /ci.bav.lu~/ adj.
1.overwise 2. childish.
icbuk /ci.buk/ fem. .the
chin.
icr&@vI /ci.r\n..Ôi.vi/ adj.
1. having longevity 2. also used to
address a son, a daughter or any person
who is younger to the addresser.
icrag /ci.rag/ masc. .a lamp.
ich\.n /cih..n\/ neut. .1. a mark
2. a trait.
ic&tk /cin.t\k/ masc. .thinker.
ic&tn /cin.t\n/ neut. .1. deep
thinking 2. meditation.
ic&ta /cin.ta/ fem. .worry.
cIk8u& /cik.¯u~/ adj. .1. sticky
2. greasy.
cIkI /ci.ki/ fem. .a kind of
sweet.
cIku /ci.ku/ neut. .1. a tree 2. a
fruit of the cIku tree.
cIj /ciÔ/ fem. .a thing.
cI6 /ciÎ/ fem. .disgust.
cItrvu& /ci.t\r.vu~/ v.tr. .1.
to sketch 2. to draw.
59
cItXo /cit.Æo/ masc. .a kind of
serpent.
cInI /ci.ni/ adj. .Chinese.
cIp /cip/ fem. .1. a strip 2. a
deal in the card game.
cIipyo /ci.pi.jo/ masc.
.pincers.
cIbu& /ci.bu~/ adj. .flat-nosed.
cImXvu& /ci.m\Æ.vu~/ v.tr.
.1. to pinch 2. to twist.
cIrvu& /cir.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to tear
2. to split.
cIrI /ci.ri/ fem. .a slice of fruit
or pickle.
cIro /ci.ro/ masc. .1. a cut 2. a
long piece of cloth.
cIv4 /ci.v\ˇ/ fem. .care.
cIs /cis/ fem. .a scream.
cI&9ru& /ci~t˙.ru~/ neut. .a arg.
cI&9rehal /cith˙.re.hal/
adj. 1. dressed in rags 2. extremely poor.
cI&0vu& /ci~d˙.vu~/ v.tr. .to
point with a finger.

cUkado /cu.ka.do/ masc. .a
judgment.
cu6el /cu.Îel/ fem. .a kind of
female ghost.
cup /cup/ adj. .quite.
cUpkIdI /cup.ki.di/ fem.
.silence.
cUpcap /cup.cap/ advb.
.stealthily.
cUSt /cus.t\/ adj. .1. tight 2.
staunch.
cu&gal /cu˜.gal/ fem. .1. a
claw 2. a trap.
cu&gI /cu˜.gi/ fem. .a smokingpipe.
cu&bn /cum.b\n/ neut. .a
kiss.
cu&maXIs /cu~.ma.Æis/ adj.
.forty four.
cu&moter /cu~.mo.ter/ adj.
.seventy four.
cUkvvu& /cu.k\v.vu~/ v.tr.
.to make the payment.
cUkvu& /cuk.vu~/ v.intr. .to
miss.
cUgvu& /cug.vu~/ v.tr. .to eat
(by birds).
cU6I /cu.Îi/ fem. .a bangle.
cUnI /cu.ni/ fem. .a nose ring.
cUmvu& /cum.vu~/ v.tr. .to
kiss.
cUlo /cu.lo/ masc. .a fire-place
for cooking.
cUvu& /cu.vu~/ v.intr. .to ooze.
60
cUsvu& /cus.vu~/ v.tr. .to suck.
cU&k /cu~k/ fem. .stomach pain.
cU&k /cu~k/ fem. .a nail.
cU&9vu& /cu~t˙.vu~/ v.tr. .to
ransack.
cU&d6I /cu~nd.Îi/ fem. .a kind
of sari.
cekvu& /cek.vu~/ v.tr. .to erase.
cetn /ce.t\n/ adj. .animate.
cetna /cet.na/ fem.
.consciousness.
cetv8I /ce.t\v.¯i/ fem.
.1.a warning 2. caution.
cetvvu& /ce.t\v.vu~/ v.tr. .to
warn.
cetvu& /cet.vu~/ v.intr. .to be
alert.
cen /cen/ neut. .peace.
cep /cep/ masc. .infection.

celo /ce.lo/ masc. .a male
disciple.
celI /ce.li/ fem. .a female
disciple.
cev6o /cev.Îo/ masc. .a food
item.
ceh /ceh/ fem. .a funeral pyre.
cEtNy /c\i.t\n.j\/ neut. .1.
life-spirit 2. the supreme being.
cE{a /c\it.r\/ masc. .the sixth
month of the Vikram year.
cok /cøk/ masc. .a square.
cok6I /cøk.Îi/ fem. .1. a
washing place in house 2. a place where
four roads
cross.
cok\ks /cok.k\s/ advb.
.surely.
coksI /cøk.si/ masc. .1. a
surname 2. a dealer in gold and silver.
cokI /cø.ki/ fem. .1. a police
station 2. a watch-gate.
co`a /co.k˙a/ masc. .rice.
co~`a.; /cok˙.k˙a.i/ adj.
.cleanliness.
co~`u& /cok˙.k˙u~/ adj. .clean.
cogan /co.gan/ neut. .a plain.
61
co36Iyu& /co.g˙\.Îi.ju~/
neut. .a unit of time divided to determine
auspicious and inauspicious period.
co4 /coˇ/ fem. .a blow.
co4vu& /cøˇ.vu~/ v.intr. .to stick.
co6vu& /cøÎ.vu~/ v.tr. .to strike.
cotrf /co.t\.r\p˙/ advb.
.on
all sides.
co{aIs /cøt.ris/ adj. .thirty
four.
co9 /cot˙/ fem. .fouth day of
both of the fortnights of a lunar month.
co0ar /co.d˙ar/ adj.
.immense (tears and rain)
copgu& /co.p\.gu~/ adj.
quadruped.
cop6vu& /co.p\Î.vu~/ v.tr.
.1. to lubricate 1. to grease.
cop6I /cop.Îi/ fem. .a book.
cop6o /cop.Îo/ masc. .an
account book.
copn /co.p\n/ adj. .fifty
four.
copanIyu& /co.pa.ni.ju~/ neut.
.a pamphlet.
comasu& /co.ma.su~/ neut.
monsoon.

cor /cor/ masc. .a thief.
corvu& /cor.vu~/ v.tr. .to steal.
cors /co.r\s/ masc. .1. a
square figure 2. a square.
cora=I /co.ra.ßi/ adj. .eighty
four.
corI /co.ri/ fem. .a theft.
corI /cø.ri/ fem. .a square
structure where marriage ritaul is
performed.
coro /cø.ro/ masc. .a public
meeting
place in villages.
covIs /co.vis/ adj. .twenty
four.
cos5 /co.s\ˇ˙/ adj. .sixty
four.
coslu& /cos.lu~/ neut. .a thick
block or slice.
coXvu& /coÆ.vu~/ v.tr. .to rub.
coXa /co.Æa/ masc. .a kind of
pulse.
coXI /co.Æi/ fem. a woman’s
bodies.
co&kvu& /co~k.vu~/ v.intr. .to be
startled.
cOd /c\ud/ adj. .fourteen.
2
2 /c˙\/ adj. .six.
62
2kvu& /c˙\k.vu~/ v.intr. .to go
astray.
2kko /c\k.ko/ masc. .the six
in a suit of playing cards.
22u&dr /c˙\.c˙un.d\r/
neut. .a mole.
24kvu& /c˙\.ˇ\k.vu~/ v.intr.
.1. to slip away 2. to escape.
24ku& /c˙\ˇ.ku~/ neut. .a
trap.
25 /c˙\ˇ˙/ fem. .sixth day of
the fortnight of the Hindu month.
26vu& /c˙\Î.vu~/ v.tr. .to
thrash.
26a /c˙\.Îa/ masc. .anklets.
28kvu& /c˙\.¯\k.vu~/
v.intr. .to speak angrily.
28ko /c˙\¯.ko/ masc. .a
rude angry uterance.
2t /c˙\t/ fem. .availability.
2t /c˙\t/ fem. .a ceiling.
2ta& /c˙\.ta~/ advb. .however.
2{aI /c˙\t.ri/ fem. .an
umbrella.
2{aIs /c˙\t.ris/ adj. .thirty
six.

2br6o /c˙\.b\r.Îo/
masc. .a fiasco.
2bI /c˙\.bi/ fem. .1. a picture
2. a portrait.
2m2m /c˙\m.c˙\m/
advb. .with a jingling sound.
2l&g /c˙\.l\˜.g\/ fem. .a
long leap.
2la2l /c˙\.la.c˙\l/ advb.
.over flowing.
2VvIs /c˙\v.vis/ adj.
.twenty six.
2X /c˙\Æ/ neut. .a fraud.
2&2e6vu& /c˙\.nc˙eÎ.vu~/
v.tr. .to enrage.
2&d /c˙\n.d\/ masc. .an
addiction.
2&d /c˙\n.d\/ masc. .a poetic
meter.
2a8 /c˙a¯/ neut. .a dung of
buffalo, cow, bullock and oxen.
2a8u& /c˙a.¯u~/ neut. .a dungcake
used as fuel.
2atI /c˙a.ti/ fem. .the chest.
2anu& /c˙a.nu~/ adj. . secret.
2ap /c˙ap/ fem. .1. an
impression 2. a print.
2apru& /c˙ap.ru~/ neut. .a hut.
2apvu& /c˙ap.vu~/ v.tr. .to
print.
2apu& /c˙a.pu~/ neut. .a
newspaper.
2ab /c˙ab/ fem. a bamboo
basket.
2ab6I /c˙ab.Îi/ fem. a
bamboo basket.
2aya /c˙a.ja/ fem. .a shadow.
2al /c˙al/ fem. .a bark.
2alk /c˙a.l\k/ fem. .a splash.
2ala& /c˙a.la~/ neut. pl..1. husks
2. peels.
2av8I /c˙av.¯i/ fem. .a
camp.
2avrvu& /c˙a.v\r.vu~/ v.tr.
.to conceal.
2a= /c˙aß/ fem. .butter milk.
2as5 /c˙a.s\ˇ˙/ adj. .sixty
six.
2a&4o /c˙a~.ˇo/ masc. .a drop.
2a&6vu& /c˙a~Î.vu~/ v.tr. .to
leave surplus food in the dining plate.
2I /c˙i/ fem. .excretion.
2I /c˙i/ advb. .an expression
showing hatred.
63

2Invvu& /c˙i.n\v.vu~/ v.tr.
.to snatch.
2Ip /c˙ip/ fem. .a shell.
2U4 /c˙uˇ/ fem. .1. leave 2.
speciousness.
2U4k /c˙u.t\k/ adj. .retail.
2U4k /c˙u.t\k/ advb. .by
retail.
2U42a4 /c˙uˇ.c˙aˇ/ fem.
a concession.
2U4vu& /c˙uˇ.vu~/ v.intr. .1.to
be free 2. to be relieved.
2U4a2e6a /c˙u.ˇa.c˙e.Îa/
masc. .a divorce.
2U4u& /c˙u.tu~/ adj. .free.
2Upu& /c˙u.pu~/ adj. .1.
concealed 2. secret.
2U&d8u& /c˙u~n.d\.¯u~/ neut.
.tattoo.
2U&do /c˙u~.do/ masc. .minced
pickle.
2ek /c˙ek/ advb. .entirely.
2ekvu& /c˙ek.vu~/ v.tr. .to
strike.
2e6tI /c˙eÎ.ti/ fem. .a prank.
2e6vu& /c˙eÎ.vu~/ v.tr. .to
tease.
2e6o /c˙e.Îo/ masc. .the end.
2etrpI&6I /c˙e.t\r.pi¯.Îi/
fem. .a cheating.
2etrvu& /c˙e.t\r.vu~/ v.tr.
.1. to cheat 2. to deceive.
64
2etram8 /c˙et.ra.m\¯/
fem. .cheating.
2etram8u& /c˙et.ram.¯u~/
adj. .deceitful.
2etaXIs /c˙e.ta.Æi.s/ adj. .
forty six.
2ed /c˙ed/ masc. .a cut.
2edvu& /c˙ed.vu~/ v.tr. .to cut.
2eLlu& /c˙el.lu~/ adj. .last.
2ev4e /c˙e.v\.ˇe/ advb. .at
last.
2okrmt /c˙o.k\r.m\t/
adj. . childish.
2okrI /c˙ok.ri/ fem. .a girl.
2okru& /c˙ok.ru~/ neut. .a
child.
2okro /c˙ok.ro/ masc. .a
boy.
2o6vu& /c˙oÎ.vu~/ v.tr..1. to
release 2. to free 3. to untie.
2otru& /c˙ot.ru~/ neut. .a peel.

2ol /c˙ol/ masc. .woodscraping
2olvu& /c˙ol.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
scrape 2. peel.
2oter /c˙o.ter/ adj. .seventysix.
2\yasI /c˙ja.si/ adj. .eighty-six.
j /Ô\/ part.. emphasis marker.
jkat /Ô\.kat/ fem. .custom
duty.
jk\kI /Ô\k.ki/ adj. .stubborn.
j`m /Ô\.k˙\m/ masc. .a
wound.
j
jgt /Ô\.g\t/ neut. .the world.
jGya /Ô\.gja/ fem. .a place.
j6 /Ô\Î/ adj. .inanimate.
j6bato6 /Ô\Î.ba.toÎ/
adj. . irrefutable.
j6bu& /Ô\Î.bu~/ neut. .the jaw.
j6-rt /Ô\Î.b˙\.r\t/
adj. stupid.
j6vu& /Ô\Î.vu~/ v.tr. .to fix
things with nails etc.
j6vu& /Ô\Î.vu~/ v.dat.. to
regain a lost thing.
65
j8 /Ô\¯/ neut. .1. an individual 2.
a person.
j8vu& /Ô\¯.vu~/ v.tr. .to give a
birth.
j8avvu& /Ô\.¯av.vu~/ v.tr.
.to inform.
jtn /Ô\.t\n/ neut. .care.
jNm /Ô\n.m\/ masc. .birth.
jnm /Ô\.n\m/ masc. .birth.
jNmku&6XI /Ô\.nm\.ku¯.Î\.Æi/
fem. .a horoscope.
jNm4Ip /Ô\n.m\.ˇip/
fem. .a life time imprisonment.
jNmaQ4mI /Ô\n.maß.ˇ\.mi/
fem. .Lord Krishna’s
birth day.
jnmojnm /Ô\n.mo.Ô\.n\m/
advb. .in each
birth.
jp /Ô\p/ masc. .1. a muttering
of a deity’s name, 2. recition.
jpvu& /Ô\p.vu~/ v.tr. .to mutter
s deity’s name as a part of some ritual.
jm8 /Ô\.m\¯/ neut. .a
formal dinner.
jm8var /Ô\.m\¯.var/
masc. .a formal community dinner.
jm8u& /Ô\m.¯u~/ adj. .right.

jmvu& /Ô\m.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
eat, 2. dine (formal).
jma /Ô\.ma/ adj. . 1. of the
credit side 2. accumulated.
jma; /Ô\.ma.i/ masc. .a sonin-law.
jmat /Ô\.mat/ fem. .a body of
monks.
jmadar /Ô\.ma.dar/ masc.
.a head of a small police unit.
jmano /Ô\.ma.no/ masc. .an
age or era.
jmIn /Ô\.min/ fem. .land.
jr /Ô\r/ neut. .wealth.
jr` /Ô\.r\k˙/ neut. .a wild
animal.
jra /Ô\.ra/ advb. .a little.
jldI ~ jLdI /Ô\l.di/ ~
advb. .quickly.
jlso /Ô\l.so/ masc. .a meeting
for entertainment.
jlebI /Ô\.le.bi/ fem. .a kind of
sweet.
jLlad /Ô\l.lad/ masc. .an
executioner.
jv /Ô\v/ masc. .barley.
jvLle /Ô\.v\l.le/ advb. .rarely.
66
jvab /Ô\.vab/ masc. .answer.
jvu& /Ô\.vu~/ v.intr. .to go.
j= /Ô\ß/ masc. .reputation.
jhaj /Ô\.haÔ/ neut. .a large
ship.
j&gl /Ô\˜.g\l/ neut. .a forest.
j&tu /Ô\n.tu/ neut. .an insect.
j&p /Ô\m.p\/ masc. ..ease 2.
peace.
jagr8 /Ôag.r\¯/ neut. .1.
sleeplessness 2. a religious vow of the
women.
jagvu& /Ôag.vu~/ v.intr. .to
wake from sleep.
jajm /Ôa.Ô\m/ fem. .a carpet.
jajru& /ÔaÔ.ru~/ neut. .a latrine.
jajrman /Ôa.Ô\r.man/
adj. .glorious.
ja6a; /Ôa.Îai/ fem. .thickness.
ja6u& /Ôa.Îu~/ adj. .1. fat 2. thick.
ja8 /Ôa¯/ fem. .information.
ja8vu& /Ôa¯.vu~/ v.tr. .to know.
ja8Itu& /Ôa.¯i.tu~/ adj. .famous.
ja8e /Ôa.¯e/ advb. .as if.

jat /Ôat/ fem. .1.a tribe 2. a caste
3. a community.
jatkma; /Ôat.k\.ma.i/
fem. self-earned income.
jait /Ôa.ti/ fem. .1. a caste 2. a
group 3. a community.
jatIy /Ôa.ti.j\/ adj. .sexual.
jate /Ôa.te/ advb. .personally.
ja{aa /Ôat.ra/ fem. .a pilgrim.
jadu /Ôa.du/ masc. .a magic.
jan /Ôan/ fem. .a marriage party
of the bridegroom.
jan /Ôan/ masc. .the jiva (life).
janmal /Ôan.mal/ masc.
.life and property.
janvr /Ôan.v\r/ neut. .an
animal.
janEyo /Ôa.n\i.jo/ masc. .a
member of the bride groom’s marriage
party.
jap /Ôap/ masc. .recitation.
jam /Ôam/ masc. .a glass.
jamfX /Ôam.p\Æ/ neut. .a
guava.
jamvu& /Ôam.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to
be solidify 2. to congeal 3. to get
assembled.
jamIn /Ôa.min/ masc. .a
surety.
javk /Ôa.v\k/ fem. .being
dispatched.
jasUs /Ôa.sus/ masc. .1. a
spy 2. a detective 3. a secret agent.
jaso /Ôa.so/ masc. .a threatening
letter written anonymously.
jaher /Ôa.her/ adj. .1. open 2.
public.
jaherat /Ôa.he.rat/ fem.
.1.an advertisement 2. a notification 3.
an announcement.
jaX /ÔaÆ/ fem. .a net of a hunter
or a fisherman.
jaXv8I /Ôa.Æ\v.¯i/ fem.
.preservation.
jaiXyu& /Ôa.Æi.ju~/ neut. .a kind of
ventilator.
ja&3 /Ôa~˜.g\/ fem. .the thigh.
ja&bu /Ôa~m.bu/ neut. .a kind of
berry.
ij@ivqa /Ôi.Ôi.vi.ßa/ fem. .a
desire for life.
ij}aasa /Ôi.gna.sa/ fem.
.curiosity.
ijd /Ôid/ fem. .obstinacy.
ij¥I /Ôid.di/ adj. obstinate.
67

ijLlo /Ôil.lo/ masc. .a district.
ij&dgI /Ôind.gi/ fem. .life.
@t /Ôit/ fem. .victory.
@tvu& /Ôit.vu~/ v.intr. .to win.
@n /Ôin/ neut. .a kind of ghost.
@n /Ôin/ neut. .a saddle.
@- /Ôi.b˙/ fem. .the tongue.
@-ajo6I /Ôi.b˙a.Ôo.Îi/
fem. .a quarrel.
@rvvu& /Ôi.r\v.vu~/ v.tr. .to
digest.
@ru& /Ôi.ru~/ neut. .cumin seed.
@v /Ôiv/ masc. .embodied soul.
@vj&tu& /Ôiv.Ô\n.tu~/ neut.
.insects.
@v6u& /Ôiv.Îu~/ neut. .a small
insect.
@vtr /Ôiv.t\r/ neut. .life.
@vtu& /Ôiv.tu~/ adj. .living.
@vdya /Ôiv.d\.ja/ fem.
.kindness to all living beings.
@vn /Ôi.v\n/ neut. .life.
@vncir{a /Ôi.v\n.c\.rit.r\/
neut. .biography.
@v-xI /Ôiv.b˙\k.ßi/
adj. . carnivorous.
68
@vle8 /Ôiv.le¯/ adj. .fatal.
@vvu& /Ôiv.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to be
alive 2. to exist.
@vs4os4 /Ôiv.s\.ˇo.s\ˇ/
advb. .at the risk of
the life.
@va8u& /Ôi.va.¯u~/ masc. .a
bacterium.
@vat /Ôi.vat/ fem. .insects.
@vaTma /Ôi.vat.ma/ masc.
.embodied soul.
jugl /Ôu.g\l/ neut. .1. a pair
2. a couplet.
jugar /Ôu.gar/ masc.
.gambling.
jugarI /Ôu.ga.ri/ masc. .a
gambler.
juguPsa /Ôu.gup.sa/ fem.
.nausea.
ju5\5u /Ôuˇ˙.ˇ˙u~/ adj. .lie.
juda; /Ôu.da.i/ fem.
.separation.
ju\du& /Ôu.du~/ adj. .separate.
junva8I /Ôun.va.ni/ adj.
.orthodox.

jubanI /Ôu.ba.ni/ fem. .oral
testimony.
jumlo /Ôum.lo/ masc. .total
Ex. total runs in criket.
julab /Ôu.lab/ masc.. laxative.
juvar /Ôu.var/ fem. .a kind of
corn.
juSso /Ôus.so/ masc. .energy.
jU /Ôu/ fem. .a louse.
jU; /Ôu.i/ fem. .a kind of flower
plant.
jUj /ÔuÔ/ adj. .little.
jU5 /Ôuˇ˙/ neut. .a lie.
jU5u& /Ôu.ˇ˙u~/ adj. .untrue.
jU5u& /Ôu.ˇ˙u~/ adj. .the left out
food.
jU9 /Ôut˙/ neut. .a group.
jUnu& /Ôu.nu~/ adj. .old.
je5 /Ôeˇ˙/ masc. .the eight month
of Vikram samvat.
je5 /Ôeˇ˙/ masc. .the husband’s
elder brother.
je5a8I /Ôe.ˇ˙a.¯i/ fem. .the
husband’s elder brother’s wife.
jel /Ôel/ fem. .jail.
jev6u& /Ôev.Îu~/ adj. .as large
as.
jevu& /Ôe.vu~/ adj. .similar.
jehad /Ôe.had/ fem. .a
crusade.
jEn /Ôain/ masc. .a Jain.
jEn /Ô\in/ masc. .Jain religion.
jEn /Ô\in/ adj. .pertaining to
Jain
religion.
69
jo /Ôo/ advb. .1. if 2. provided that.
jo;Ý /Ôoi-/ v.dat.. to need. (the
only verb in Gujarati which does not
have infinitive -vu&).
jo`m /Ôo.k˙\m/ neut. .risk.
jo`mavu& /Ôo.k˙\.ma.vu~/
v.intr. .to be at risk.
jo`vu& /Ôok˙.vu~/ v.tr. .to
weigh.
jogva; /Ôog.va.i/ fem.
.provision.
joganu&jog /Ôo.ga.nu~.Ôog/
advb. . incidentally.
jogI /Ôo.gi/ masc. .a sadhu.
jo6 /ÔoÎ/ fem. .a pair.
jo68I /ÔoÎ.¯i/ fem. .spelling.

jo68Iko= /ÔoÎ.¯i.koß/
masc. . spelling dictionary.
jo6vu& /ÔoÎ.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
connect 2. to join.
jo6axr /Ôo.Îa.kß\r/ masc.
.a conjunct consonant.
jo6ajo6 /Ôo.Îa.ÔoÎ/ advb.
.side by side.
jo6a8 /Ôo.Îa¯/ neut. .1. a
connection 2. a joint.
jo6Iyu& /Ôo.Îi.ju~/ adj. .twin.
jo6I /Ôo.Îi/ fem. .a pair.
jo6o /Ôo.Îo/ masc. .a shoe.
jor /Ôor/ neut. .strength.
jovu& /Ôo.vu~/ v.tr. .to look.
jyar9I /Ôjar.t˙i/ advb. .since.
jyare /Ôja.re/ advb. .when.
jya& /Ôja~/ advb. .where.
jyot /Ôjot/ fem. .a flame.
jyoitqI /Ôjo.ti.ßi/ masc. .an
astrologer.
jvaXamu`I /Ôva.Æa.mu.k˙i/
masc. .a volcano.
z
zgmgvu& /Ô˙\g.m\g.vu~/
v.intr. to glitter.
70
zgmga4 /Ô˙\g.m\.gaˇ/
masc. . glaring light.
z36a`or /Ô˙\g.Îa.k˙or/
adj. . quarrelsome.
z36az36I /Ô˙\g.Îa.Ô˙\g.Îi/
fem. quarreling.
z36o /Ô˙\g.Îo/ masc. .a
quarrel.
zzUmvu& /Ô˙\.Ô˙um.vu~/
v.intr. .1. to hand over 2. to struggle on.
z4 /Ô˙\ˇ/ advb. .quickly.
z4kvu& /Ô˙\.ˇ\k.vu~/ v.tr.
.to jerk.
z4ko /Ô˙\ˇ.ko/ masc. .a sharp
blow.
z4p4 /Ô˙\ˇ.p\ˇ/ advb.
.hurriedly.
z6tI /Ô˙\Î.ti/ fem. .a
confiscation.
z6p /Ô˙\.Î\p/ fem. .speed.
z6pvu& /Ô˙\.Î\p.vu~/ v.tr.
.to seize.
z6pI /Ô˙\Î.pi/ adj. .speedy.
z8z8 /Ô˙\¯.Ô˙\¯/
masc. .a tinkling sound.

zpazpI /Ô˙\.pa.Ô˙\.pi/
fem. .a scuffle.
zbkvu& /Ô˙\.b\k.vu~/
v.intr. .1. to flash 2.to twinkle.
zbkaro /Ô˙\b.ka.ro/ masc.
.a flash of light.
zbkoXvu& /Ô˙\b.koÆ.vu~/
v.tr. .to soak in a liquid.
zbUkvu& /Ô˙\.buk.vu~/
v.intr.
1. to flash 2. to twinkle.
z-lu& /Ô˙\.b˙lu~/ neut. .a
child’s frock.
z_-o /Ô˙\.b˙b˙o/ masc. .a
long loose gown.
zmvu& /Ô˙\m.vu~/ v.intr. .to
ooze.
zr8u& /Ô˙\r.¯u~/ neut. .1. a stream 2. a
rivulet.
zrmr /Ô˙\r.m\r/ advb. .a
type of slow rain.
zrvu& /Ô˙\r.vu~/ v.intr. .to
dribble.
zru`o /Ô˙\.ru.k˙o/ masc. .a
balcony.
zro /Ô˙\.ro/ masc. .a stream.
zverat /Ô˙\.ve.rat/ neut. .jewelry.
zXkvu& /Ô˙\.Æ\k.vu~/ v.intr.
.to shine.
zXzXIya& /Ô˙\Æ.Ô˙\Æ.i.ja~/
neut. pl.. tears welled up in the eyes.
71
zXu&zXu& /Ô˙\.Æu~.Ô˙.Æu~/ neut.
.twilight.
zXhXvu& /Ô˙\Æ.h\Æ.vu~/
v.intr. .to shine brightly.
z&`na /Ô˙\˜.k˙\.na/ fem.
.an intense desire.
z&`vavu& /Ô˙\˜k˙.va.vu~/
v.intr. .to be crestfallen.
z&`vu& /Ô˙\˜k˙.vu~/ v.tr. .to
desire something eagerly.
z&z4 /Ô˙\µ.Ô˙\ˇ/ fem.
.useless discussion.
z&zavat /Ô˙\µ.Ô˙a.vat/
masc. .a cyclone.
z&6o /Ô\.¯Îo/ masc. .a flag.
z&plavvu& /Ô˙\mp.lav.vu~/
v.intr. .to start some
work without considering risk factors.
zakX /Ô˙a.k\�/ fem. .dew.
zazu& /Ô˙a.Ô˙u~/ adj. .plentiful.
za4kvu& /Ô˙a.ˇ\k.vu~/ v.tr.
.1. to winnow 2. to scold.
za6 /Ô˙aÎ/ neut. .a tree.
za6vu& /Ô˙aÎ.vu~/ v.tr. .to
clean by sweeping.

za6I /Ô˙a.Îi/ fem. .a dense
bush.
za6u& /Ô˙a.Îu~/ neut. .a broom.
za6o /Ô˙a.Îo/ masc. .excretion.
zap4vu& /Ô˙a.p\ˇ.vu~/ v.tr. .to
clean by striking a piece of cloth.
zap4vu& /Ô˙a.p\ˇ.vu~/ v.tr.
.to eat speedily.
zap4u& /Ô˙ap.ˇu~/ neut. .a
sudden rain that comes for a short time.
zar8 /Ô˙a.r\¯/ neut. .solder.
zarvu& /Ô˙ar.vu~/ v.tr. .to
solder.
zalr /Ô˙a.l\r/ masc. .a kind
of pulse.
zalvu& /Ô˙al.vu~/ v.tr. .to hold
with hands.
zaX /Ô˙aÆ/ fem. .a flame (of
fire).
za&`ru& /Ô˙a~k˙.ru~/ neut. .a
thorny shrub.
za&zr /Ô˙a~.Ô\r/ neut. .a
jingling anklet.
za&zrI /Ô˙a~Ô˙.ri/ fem. .a
jingling anklet for children.
za&po /Ô˙a~.po/ masc. .a gate.
zI8u& /Ô˙i.¯u~/ adj. .small (in
size).
zIlvu& /Ô˙il.vu~/ v.tr. .to catch.
zUkvu& /Ô˙uk.vu~/ v.intr. .to
bow.
72
zUzvu& /Ô˙uÔ˙.vu~/ v.intr. .to
fight desperately.
zU&4vvu& /Ô˙u~.ˇ\v.vu~/ v.tr.
.to snatch.
zU6vu& /Ô˙uÎ.vu~/ v.tr. .to
thrash.
zU6I /Ô˙u.Îi/ fem. .a small
bunch or bundle.
zU6o /Ô˙u.Îo/ masc. .a big
bunch or bundle.
zu&be= /Ô˙um.beß/ fem. .a
movement.
zUmvu& /Ô˙um.vu~/ v.intr. .to
hand over.
zUrvu& /Ô˙ur.vu~/ v.intr. .to
grieve for some thing or some person.
zUlvu& /Ô˙ul.vu~/ v.intr. .to
swing.
zulavvu& /Ô˙u.lav.vu~/ v.tr.
.1. to swing 2. to rock.
zU&p6u& /Ô˙u~p.Îu~/ neut. .a hut.
zer /Ô˙er/ neut. .poison.
zerI /Ô˙e.ri/ adj. .poisonous.
zerIlu& /Ô˙e.ri.lu~/ adj.
.1.jealous 2. envious.

zokvu& /Ô˙ok.vu~/ v.intr. .to
doze.
zoku& /Ô˙o.ku~/ neut. .a dozing.
4kvu& /ˇ\k.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to
survive 2. to last.
4
4kaw /ˇ\.ka.u/ adj. ..durable 2.
lasting.
4kavarI /ˇ\.ka.va.ri/ fem.
.percentage.
4ko /ˇ\.ko/ masc. .percentage.
4kor /ˇ\.kor/ fem. .1. a
suggestion, 2. a mild scolding.
4korvu& /ˇ\.kor.vu~/ v.tr. .1.
to suggest 2. to scold mildly.
4k\kr /ˇ\k.k\r/ fem. .1. a
collision 2. a resistance.
4ko /t\.ko/ masc. .a shaved off
head.
4gr 4gr /ˇ\.g\r ˇ\.g\r/
advb. . with a fixed
gaze.
4gumgu /ˇ\.gu.m\.gu/
advb. .1. shaking 2. shaking.
4ckavvu& /ˇ\c.kav.vu~/
v.tr. .to cut with a stroke.
4cko /ˇ\c.ko/ masc. .a mild
stroke to cut a piece of wood.
4clI /ˇ\c.li/ fem. .the last
finger.
4cUk6u& /ˇ\.cuk.Îu~/ adj.
.very small.
44ar /ˇ\.ˇar/ adj. .stiff.
73
44\4u /ˇ\ˇ.ˇu/ neut. .1. a pony 2. a
lean horse.
4pkvu& /ˇ\.p\k.vu~/ v.intr.
.to drip.
4pkavvu& /t\p.kav.vu~/
v.tr. 1. to write down briefly 2. to copy
out.
4pku& /ˇ\p.ku~/ neut. .1. a drop
2. a dot.
4p4p /ˇ\p.ˇ\p/ advb. .to
prattle.
4p/lI /ˇ\p.li/ fem. .1. a light
stroke with a finger 2. a light slap.
4po4p /ˇ\.po.ˇ\p/ advb.
.one by one.
4pa4pI /ˇ\.pa.ˇ\.pi/ fem. .a
hot exchange of words.
4parvu& /ˇ\.par.vu~/ v.tr. .to
warn in a mild language.
4pal /ˇ\.pal/ fem. .1. post 2.
mail.
4palI /ˇ\.pa.li/ masc. .a
postman.

4bUk6u& /ˇ\.buk.Îu~/ adj. .a
very small.
4mkvu& /ˇ\.m\k.vu~/ v.intr.
.to twinkle slowly.
4hU&ko /ˇ\.hu~.ko/ masc. .a
bird’s cooing.
4XvXvu& /ˇ\Æ.v\Æ.vu~/
v.intr. .to wail.
4Xvu& /ˇ\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. .to be
removed.
4&k=aX /t\˜.k\.ßaÆ/ fem. .a
mint.
4&4o /ˇ\¯.ˇo/ masc. .a quarrel.
4a7 /ˇaÎ˙/ fem. .cold.
4a7u& /ˇa.Î˙u~/ adj. .1. cold 2.
stale.
4a8u& /ˇa.¯u~/ neut. .occasion.
4ap4Ip /ˇap.ˇip/ fem. .an
external pomp.
4apu /ˇa.pu/ masc. .an island.
4al /ˇal/ fem. .baldness.
4aXvu& /ˇaÆ.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to avoid
2. to avert.
4a&k8I /ˇa~k.¯i/ fem. .a pin.
4a&kvu& /ˇa~k.vu~/ v.tr. .to chisel.
74
4a&kI /ˇa~.ki/ fem. .a tank (of some
liquid).
4a&ko /ˇa~.ko/ masc. .a stitch.
4a&g /ˇa~˜g/ fem. .a leg
(derogatory use).
4a&gvu& /ˇa~˜g.vu~/ v.tr. .to hang.
4a&c8 /ˇa~.c\¯/ neut. .a short
note.
4a&i4yo /ˇa~.ˇi.jo/ masc. .a leg
(derogatory).
i4cavu& /ˇi.ca.vu~/ v.intr. .1.to be
collided 2. to run errands vainly.
i44o6I /ˇi.ˇo.Îi/ fem. .a kind of
bird.
i4Pp8I /ˇip.p\.¯i/ fem. .a
commentary.
4Ik6I /ˇik.Îi/ fem. .a pill.
4Ika /ˇi.ka/ fem. .criticism.
4I`X /ˇi.k˙\�/ neut. .a quip.
4Icvu& /ˇic.vu~/ v.tr. .to forge.
4Ipvu& /ˇip.vu~/ v.tr. .to strike.
4Ipu& /ˇi.pu~/ neut. .a drop.
4Il6I /ˇil.Îi/ fem. .a small
mark on the forehead.
4IlI /ˇi.li/ fem. .a blot of disgrace.

4I&6oru& /ˇi¯.Îo.ru~/ neut. .a kind
of vegetable.
4uk6I /ˇuk.Îi/ fem. .a team.
4uk6o /ˇuk.Îo/ masc. .a piece.
4Ucko /ˇuc.ko/ masc. .1. a
black art 2. a joke.
4uval /ˇu.val/ masc. .a towel.
4U&kavvu& /ˇu~.kav.vu~/ v.tr. .1.
to shorten 2. to abridge.
4U&pvu& /ˇu~p.vu~/ v.tr. .to
remove grass.
4U&po /ˇu~.po/ masc. .a strangling.
4ekrI /ˇek.ri/ fem. .a hill.
4ekvvu& /ˇe.k\v.vu~/ v.tr. .to
prop.
4ekvu& /ˇek.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to
lean on 2. to be propped.
4eko /ˇe.ko/ masc. .1. a support 2.
a prop.
4ervu& /ˇer.vu~/ neut. .a tip (of
finger).
4ev /ˇev/ fem. .a habit.
4evavu& /ˇe.va.vu~/ v.intr. .to be
acquainted with.
4okvu& /ˇok.vu~/ v.tr. .to blame
a person for his or her fault.
4oc /ˇoc/ fem. .1. a peak 2. a top
part.
4ocvu& /ˇoc.vu~/ v.tr. .to prick.
4oplI /ˇop.li/ fem. .a small
basket.
4oplo /ˇop.lo/ masc. .a big
basket.
4opI /ˇo.pi/ fem. .a cap.
4opo /ˇo.po/ masc. .a hat.
4oXkI /ˇoÆ.ki/ fem. .a gang.
4oXI /ˇo.Æi/ fem. .a small group.
4oXu& /ˇo.Æu~/ neut. .a crowd.
5g /ˇ˙\g/ masc. . a cheat.
5gvu& /ˇ˙\g.vu~/ v.tr. .to
cheat.
5
75
5ga; /ˇ˙\.ga.i/ fem. .cheating.
5garu& /ˇ˙\.ga.ru~/ adj.
deceitful.
5p/ko /ˇ˙\p.ko/ masc. .a
scolding.
5rvu& /ˇ˙\r.vu~/ v.intr. .to
become cold.
5rvu& /ˇ˙\r.vu~/ v.intr. .to be
stabilized.

5rav /ˇ˙\.rav/ masc. .1.a
proposal 2. a resolution.
5ravvu& /ˇ˙\.rav.vu~/
v.tr..1. to fix 2. to decide.
5rel /ˇ˙\.rel/ adj. .1.coolminded
2. wise.
5lvavu& /ˇ˙\l.va.vu~/ v.intr.
.to be emptied.
5svu& /ˇ˙\s.vu~/ v.intr. .to be
convinced.
5so5s /ˇ˙\.so.ˇ˙\s/ advb.
full to the mouth.
5iXyo /ˇ˙\.Æi.jo/ masc. .the
stone of a fruit.
5&6k /ˇ˙\¯.Î\k/ fem.
.coldness.
5&6I /ˇ˙\¯.Îi/ fem. .cold.
5&6u& /t˙\¯.Îu~/ adj. .cold.
5akor /ˇ˙a.kor/ masc. .a
community.
5akor@ /ˇ˙a.kor.Ôi/ masc.
.a name of Lord Vishnu.
5a5 /ˇ˙aˇ˙/ masc. .pomp.
5a56I /ˇ˙aˇ˙.Îi/ fem. .a
funeral bier.
5arvu& /ˇ˙ar.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
cool 2. to freeze 3. to pacify.
5alvvu& /ˇ˙a.l\v.vu~/ v.tr.
.to empty.
5alu& /ˇ˙a.lu~/ adj. empty.
5avku& /ˇ˙av.ku~/ adj. .1.
serious 2. cool-minded.
5a&svu& /ˇ˙a~s.vu~/ v.tr. .to fill
closely.
5Ik /ˇ˙ik/ advb. .1. o.k. 2.
suitable.
5I&gravu& /ˇ˙i˜g.ra.vu~/
v.intr. .to suffer heavy cold.
5U&5vavu& /ˇ˙u~ˇ˙.va.vu~/
v.intr. .to be troubled by heavy cold.
5U&5u& /ˇ˙u~.ˇ˙u~/ neut. .1. the
stump of a tree 2. a stump of cigarette
etc.
5ek6I /ˇ˙ek.Îi/ fem.
.mockery.
76
5ek5eka8e /ˇ˙ek.ˇ˙e.ka.¯e/
advb. . everywhere.
5ek6o /ˇ˙ek.Îo/ masc. .a
jump.
5ekvu& /ˇ˙ek.vu~/ v.intr. .to
jump or peap over.
5eka8u& /t˙e.ka.¯u~/ neut. .1.an
address 2. a place 3. a location.
5er 5er /ˇ˙er.ˇ˙er/ advb.
everywhere.

5ervvu& /ˇ˙e.r\v.vu~/ v.intr.
.to fix the price.
5elvu& /ˇ˙el.vu~/ v.tr. .to puch
forward.
5elo /ˇ˙e.lo/ masc. .a puch.
5e= /ˇ˙eß/ fem. .a light kick.
5okr /ˇ˙o.k\r/ fem. .a
stumbling.
5okvu& /ˇ˙ok.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
strike against 2. to hammer.
5ok&5ok /ˇ˙o.k\m.ˇ˙ok/
advb.
an act of striking repeatedly.
5o5 /ˇ˙oˇ˙/ adj. stupid.
5o&so /ˇ˙o~.so/ masc. .a fist blow.
6
6`o /Î\.k˙o/ masc. .1.
confusion 2. a dispute 3. a quauurel.
6gmg /Î\g.m\g/ adj.
unstable.
6gmgvu& /Î\g.m\g.vu~/
v.intr. .to become unstable.
6glu& /Î\g.lu~/ neut. .a jacket.
6glu& /Î\g.lu~/ neut. .a
footstep.
6glo /Î\g.lo/ masc. .a coat.
6gvu& /Î\g.vu~/ v.intr. .to
become unstable.
6gXu& /Î\g.Æu~/ neut. .1. a big
slice of fruit 2. a piece of wood.
77
63avu& /Î\.g˙a.vu~/ v.intr. .to
be stunned.
64\4o /Î\ˇ.ˇo/ masc. .a cork.
68kvu& /Î\.¯\k.vu~/ v.intr.
.to roar.
6f8u& /Î\p˙.¯u~/ neut. .a
short thick staff.
6blu& /Î\b.lu~/ neut. .a tin
box.
6bI /Î\.bi/ fem. .a small
metalic, wooden or ivory box.
6bo /Î\.bo/ masc. .a large tinbox.
6mro /Î\m.ro/ masc. .a kind
of fragrant plant.
6r /Î\r/ masc. .fear.
6rpok /Î\r.pok/ adj. . craven.
6rvu& /Î\r.vu~/ v.intr. .to fear.
6ram8u& /Î\.ra.m\.¯u~/
adj. . frightening.
6svu& /Î\s.vu~/ v.tr. .to bite
(of serpent etc).
6hap8 /Î\.ha.p\¯/ neut.
wisdom.

6hoXvu& /Î\.hoÆ.vu~/ v.tr.
.to dirty liquid by shaking.
6hoXu& /Î\.ho.Æu~/ adj. .dirty
(water).
6&` /Î\¯.k˙\/ masc. .a sting.
6&`vu& /Î\˜k˙.vu~/ v.intr. .to
sting.
6&`Ilu& /Î\¯.k˙i.lu~/ adj.
vindictive.
6&fa= /Î\m.p˙aß/ fem.
boastfulness.
6ak8 /Îa.k\¯/ fem. .a witch.
6aku /Îa.ku/ masc. .robber.
6a3 /Îag˙/ masc. .1. a blot 2. a
stain 3. a spot.
6ai3yu& /Îa.g˙i.ju~/ adj. .wild
(usually used to modify a dog.).
6a3u& /Îa.g˙u/ masc. pl..a
member of a funeral procession.
6a3o /Îa.g˙o/ masc. .a spot.
6acu& /Îa.cu~/ neut. .the mouth
(derogatory).
6abu& /Îa.bu~/ adj. .left.
6aberI /Îa.be.ri/ adj. .leftist.
6abo6I /Îa.bo.Îi/ adj. .lefthanded.
78
6am /Îam/ masc. .a burn given
as a part of a ritual or a custom.
6amvu& /Îam.vu~/ v.tr. .to
give a burn as a part of a ritual or a
custom.
6ama6oX /Îa.ma.ÎoÆ/ adj.
.1. unsteady 2. chaotic.
6aX /ÎaÆ/ fem. .a branch of a
tree.
6a&`XI /Îø~k˙.Æi/ fem. .1. a
tender offshoot 2. a thin branch.
6a&gr /Îa~.g\r/ fem. .peddy.
6a&6 /Îa~Î/ adj. .1. shameless 2.
bullying.
6a&i6yo /Îa~.Îi.jo/ masc. .1. a
drumstick 2. a small stick used to play a
Raas - a kind of collective dance.
6a&6I /Îa~¯.Îi/ fem. .a small thin
stick.
6uk\kr /Îuk.k\r/ neut. .a
pig.
6U&gr /Îu˜.g\r/ masc. .a
small mountain.
6&ugraX /Îu˜g.raÆ/ adj.
mountainous.
6u&grI /Îu˜g.ri/ fem. .a hill.
6u&gXI /Îu˜g.Æi/ fem. .an
onion.
6Uco /Îu.co/ masc. .a roll of
rags or papers.

6UbkI /Îub.ki/ fem. .a dive.
6Ubvu& /Îub.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to
sink 2. to drown.
6Umo /Îu.mo/ masc.
.suffocation caused by sobbing.
6Usku& /Îus.ku~/ neut. .a sob.
6U&4I /Îu~.ˇi/ fem. .the navel.
6U&6U& /Îu¯.Îu~/ neut. .an ear
of corn.
6ok /Îok/ fem. .the neck.
6oikyu& /Îo.ki.ju~/ neut. .a
glance.
6oku& /Îo.ku~/ neut. .the head.
6o6o /Îo.Îo/ masc. .a spike of
maize.
6obu& /Îo.bu~/ neut. .a buffalo.
6obu& /Îo.bu~/ adj. 1.dull 2.
stupid.
6ol /Îol/ fem. .a bucket.
6olvu& /Îol.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to
swing 2. to oscillate.
6o=I /Îo.ßi/ fem. .an old woman.
6oXo /Îo.Æo/ masc. .the eyeball.
7
7glo /Î˙\g.lo/ masc. .1. a
pile 2. a heap.
7glab&0 /Î˙\g.la.b\nd˙/
adj. . abundant.
7cupcu /Î˙\.cu.p\.cu/
advb. .1. wavering 2. hesitating.
7b /Î˙\b/ fem. .1.a style 2. a
method.
7s6vu& /Î˙\.s\Î.vu~/ v.tr.
.to drag.
79
7Xvu& /Î˙\�.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to
come out (of liquid) 2. to incline.
7&kavu& /Î˙\˜.ka.vu~/ v.intr.
.to be covered.
7&g /Î˙\˜g/ masc. .manners.
7&7ero /Î˙\¯.Î˙e.ro/ masc.
proclamation.
7&7oXvu& /Î˙\¯.Î˙oÆ.vu~/
v.tr. to shake soneone to awake him or
her.
7ak7oX /Î˙ak.Î˙oÆ/
masc. outward appearance.
7al /Î˙al/ fem. .a shield.
7aX /Î˙aÆ/ masc. .a slpoe.
7aXvu& /Î˙aÆ.vu~/ v.tr. .1.to
lower 2. to let incline downwards 3. to
mould with a die.
7a&k8 /Î˙a~.k\¯/ neut. .a
cover.

7a&k8u& /Î˙a~k.¯u~/ neut. .a
cover.
7a&kvu& /Î˙a~k.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
cover 2. to shut with a lid.
7Il /Î˙il/ fem. .a delay.
7Ilu& /Î˙i.lu~/ adj. .loose.
7I&glI /Î˙i˜g.li/ fem. .a doll.
7I&c8 /Î˙i~.c\¯/ masc.
.knee.
7I&cvu& /Î˙i~c.vu~/ v.tr. .to
drink excessively.
7ebru& /Î˙eb.ru~/ neut. .a food
item.
7okXI /Î˙ok.Æi/ fem. .a food
item.
7okXu& /Î˙ok.Æu~/ neut. .a
food item.
7or /Î˙or/ neut. .cattle.
7ol /Î˙ol/ masc. .a kind of
drum.
7olI /Î˙o.li/ masc. .a drummer.
7oX /Î˙oÆ/ masc. .metalplating.
7oXvu& /Î˙oÆ.vu~/ v.tr. .to
spill.
7o&g /Î˙ø~˜.g\/ masc. .1.false
show 2. disguise.
t
tk /t\k/ fem. .opportunity.
tktkvu& /t\k.t\k.vu~/
v.intr. to glitter.
tkrar /t\k.rar/ fem. .a
quarrel.
tkladI /t\k.la.di/ adj.
.fragile.
tklIf /t\k.lip˙/ fem.
trouble.
tkIyo /t\.ki.jo/ masc. .a
pillow.
80
tkedarI /t\.ke.da.ri/ fem. .a
watch.
t`to /t\k˙.to/ masc. .the
stage.
tg6o /t\g.Îo/ masc. .the
figure 3.
tgtgvu& /t\g.t\g.vu~/
v.intr. to glitter.
tgaru& /t\.ga.ru~/ neut. .a broad
mouthed bucket.
tge6vu& /t\.geÎ.vu~/ v.tr. .to
cause to run away.
tj /t\Ô/ masc. .cinnamon.
tjvIj /t\Ô.viÔ/ fem.
.planning.
tjvu& /t\Ô.vu~/ v.tr. .to
renounce.

tj}a /t\.Ô\.gn\/ adj. .expert.
t4 /t\ˇ/ masc. .a shore.
t4S9 /t\.ˇ\s.t˙\/ adj.
.neutral.
t6 /t\Î/ fem. .a crack.
t6 /t\Î/ neut. .a subdivision of
a caste.
t6ko /t\Î.ko/ masc.
.sunshine.
t6ko2a&y6o /ˇ\Î.ko.c˙a~j.Îo/
masc. .a cycle of
happiness and unhappiness.
t6kI.2a&y6I /ˇ\Î.ki.c˙a~j.Îi/
fem. ..a cycle of
happiness and unhappiness.
t6f6 /t\Î.p˙\Î/ advb.
instantly.
t6f6vu& /t\Î.p˙\Î.vu~/
v.intr. .to struggle hard hopelessly.
t6amar /t\.Îa.mar/ advb.
nonstop.
t8`lu& /t\.¯\.k˙\.lu~/
neut. .a straw.
t8`o /t\¯.k˙o/ masc. .a
spark.
t8avu& /t\.¯a.vu~/ v.intr. .to be
dragged.
ttkal /t\t.kal/ advb. .at
once.
tt6avvu& /t\t.Îav.vu~/
v.tr. to rebuke.
t]v /t\t.v\/ neut. .an element.
t]v}aan /t\t.v\.gna.n\/
neut. .philosphy.
t]v}aanI /t\t.v\.gna.ni/
masc. .a philosopher.
t9a /t\.t˙a/ conj.. and.
t9aip /t\.t˙a.pi/ advb. .even
then.
tdupra&t /t\.dup.ra~t/
advb. .1. in addition 2. moreover.
tn /t\n/ neut. .the body
(human).
tp`Ir /t\p.k˙ir/ fem.
.snuff.
81
tpvu& /t\p.vu~/ v.intr. .1. to be
heated 2. to become angry.
tpas /t\.pas/ fem. .1.an
examination 2. a check up 3. an
investigation.
tpasvu& /t\.pas.vu~/ v.tr. .1.
to examine 2. to investigate.
tpelI /t\.pe.li/ fem. .a
cooking vessel.
tf6&cI /t\p˙.Î\µ.ci/ fem.
1. misappropriation 2. theft 3.
plagiarism.

tf6avvu& /t\p˙.Îav.vu~/
v.tr. .1. to misappropriate 2. to steal 3. to
plagiarize.
tfavt /t\.p˙a.v\t/ masc.
.difference.
tbk\ko /t\.b\k.ko/ masc. .a
stage (in development).
tibyt /t\.bi.j\t/ fem.
.health.
tbIb /t\.bib/ masc. .a
doctor.
tbelo /t\.be.lo/ masc. .a
stable.
tmru& /t\m.ru~/ neut. .cricket
(insect).
tm&co /t\.m\µ.co/ masc. .a
country made pistol.
tmaku& /t\.ma.ku~/ fem.
.tobacco.
tmaco /t\.ma.co/ masc. .a
slap.
tmam /t\.mam/ adj. .all.
tmaru& /t\.ma.ru~/ adj. .yours.
tma=o /t\.ma.ßo/ masc. .a
public show.
tme /t\.me/ pron.. you.
tr2o6vu& /t\r.c˙oÎ.vu~/
v.tr. to renounce.
82
trt /t\.r\t/ advb. .. 1. at once
2. promptly.
trfe8 /t\r.p˙e¯/ fem.
.partiality.
trvra4 /t\r.v\.raˇ/
masc. .intense zeal.
trvu& /t\r.vu~/ v.intr. .to swim.
trvu& /t\r.vu~/ v.intr. .to float.
tr&g /t\.r\˜.g\/ masc. . 1. a
ripple 2. imagination.
tr&gI /t\.r\˜.gi/ adj.
.whimsical.
trap /t\.rap/ fem. .a sudden
attack.
trIke /t\.ri.ke/ advb. .in the
manner of.
tru8 /t\.ru¯/ masc. .young.
tkR /t\r.k\/ masc. .1. an
inference 2. a hypothesis.
tkR=aS{a /t\r.k\.ßas.tr\/
neut. .logic.
tl /t\l/ masc. .sesame.
tlp /t\.l\p/ fem. .a frenzied
desire.
tlpvu& /t\.l\p.vu~/ v.intr.
.to desire something or someone
intensely.

tlvar /t\l.var/ fem. .a
sward.
tlsa&kXI /t\l.sa~k.Æi/ fem.
.a kind of sweet made of sesame.
tvarI` /t\.va.rik˙/ fem.
.a chronicle.
tsvIr /t\s.vir/ fem. .a
photograph.
tXpdu& /t\Æ.p\.du~/ adj. .1.
regional 2. local.
tXvu& /t\Æ.vu~/ v.tr. .to fry.
tXa; /t\.Æa.i/ fem. .a mattress.
t&tu /t\n.tu/ masc. .a fiber.
t&{a /t\n.tr\/ neut. .1.
management 2. administration.
t&{aI /t\n.tri/ masc. .editor.
t&durSt /t\n.du.r\st/ adj.
healthy.
t&durStI /t\.ndu.r\s.ti/
fem. health.
t&bU /t\m.bu/ masc. .a tent.
t&bUro /t\m.bu.ro/ masc. .a
kind of musical instrument.
takvu& /tak.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to aim
at 2. to take a target.
takat /ta.kat/ fem. .strength.
tag6i0NNaa /ta.g\Î.d˙in.na/
masc. .to spend
money carelessly.
tagvu& /tag.vu~/ v.intr. .to
estimate.
taj /taÔ/ masc. .a crown.
tajaklm /ta.Ôa.k\.l\m/
fem. a postscript.
taju /ta.Ôu/ adj. .fresh.
tajetrma& /ta.Ôe.t\r.ma~/
advb. .recently.
ta8 /ta¯/ fem. .1. scarcity 2.
shortage.
ta8 /ta´/ fem. .a muscle strain.
ta8vu& /ta¯.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
stretch 2. to drag.
taTkailk /tat.ka.lik/ advb.
immediately.
tai]vk /tat.tvik/ adj.
philosophical.
83
tap /tap/ masc. .sunshine (refers
to the heat and not the light).
tap8u& /tap.¯u~/ neut. .a
bonfire.
tapvu& /tap.vu~/ v.intr. .to
warm up by sitting beside a fire place.
tab6tob /ta.b\Î.tob/
advb. at once.

tar /tar/ masc. . 1. a fiber 2. a
string 3. a thread.
tar /tar/ masc. .a telegram.
tarvvu& /ta.r\v.vu~/ v.tr. .1.
to summarize 2. to prepare a balancesheet.
taraj /ta.raÔ/ adj. .ruined.
tarI` /ta.rik˙/ fem. .a date.
taru& /ta.ru~/ adj. .your (sing).
taro /ta.ro/ masc. .a star.
taikRk /tar.kik/ adj. .logical.
talavelI /ta.la.ve.li/ fem. .a
strong facination.
talIm /ta.lim/ fem. .training.
taluko /ta.lu.ko/ masc. .a subdistrict.
tav /tav/ masc. .fever.
tavvu& /tav.vu~/ v.tr. .to purify
a thing by heating.
tavIj /ta.viÔ/ neut. .1.
talisman 2. an amulet.
taXvu& /taÆ.vu~/ neut. .the
palate.
taXI /ta.Æi/ fem. .a clapping.
ta&t8o /ta~t.¯o/ masc. .1.a
sting 2. a fiber 3. a thread.
84
ta&i{ak /ta~.trik/ adj. .pertaining
to occultism.
ta&i{ak /ta~.trik/ masc. .an
occultist.
ta&bu& /ta~.bu~/ neut. .copper.
itjorI /ti.Ôo.ri/ fem. .1. a safe
2. a wardrobe.
iti9 /ti.t˙i/ fem. .a date according
to Hindu calander.
itrSkar /ti.r\s.kar/ masc.
.hatred.
itlk /ti.l\k/ neut. .an
auspicious mark on the forehead.
tI`u& /ti.k˙u~/ adj. .1. hot 2.
acrid 3. bitter.
tI6 /tiÎ/ neut. .a locust.
tI8u& /ti.¯u~/ adj. .sharp.
tItI3o6o /ti.ti.g˙o.Îo/
masc. a grasshopper.
tIr /tir/ neut. .an arrow.
tI9Rya{aa /tirt˙.ja.tra/ fem.
.a pilgrimage.
tI9RS9an /tirt˙.st˙an/
neut. a pilgrimage place.
tIv/ /ti.vr\/ adj. .1. intense 2.
actuate.
tuC2 /tuc.c˙\/ adj.
.insignificant.

tuma`I /tu.ma.k˙i/ fem.
.hot-tempered.
turt /tu.r\t/ advb. .at once.
tulna /tul.na/ fem. .a
comparison.
tula /tu.la/ fem. .Libra.
tuver /tu.ver/ fem. .a kind of
pulse.
tu& /tu~/ pron.. you (singular).
tU4vu& /tuˇ.vu~/ v.intr. .to be
destroyed.
tUt /tut/ neut. .1. a lie 2. a hoax.
tUtk /tu.t\k/ neut. .a deck.
tUru& /tu.ru~/ adj. .astringent.
te /te/ pron.. Third person singular
pronoun (He, She, It).
tej /teÔ/ adj. .1. speedy 2. intense
3. sharp-edued 4. active.
tej /teÔ/ neut. .light.
tejSvI /te.Ô\.svi/ adj.
1.brilliant 2. shining.
tejab /te.Ôab/ masc. .acid.
te@ /te.Ôi/ fem. .good business.
te4lu& /teˇ.lu~/ adj. .of a certain
proportion.
85
te6vu& /teÎ.vu~/ v.tr. .1.to invite
2. to carry a child.
te6u& /te.Îu~/ neut. .an invitation.
te8I /te.¯i/ pron.. she. (mainly
in legal language)
tetalIs /te.ta.lis/ adj. .forty
three.
te{aIs /te.tris/ adj. .33 (thirty
three).
te9I /te.ˇ˙i/ advb. .1. therefore
2. so 3. hense.
tem /tem/ advb. .in that manner.
ter /ter/ adj. .thirteen,
termu& /ter.mu~/ adj.
.thirteenth.
termu& /ter.mu~/ neut. .the
religious ritual performed on the 13 th day
after a person’s death.
ter= /te.r\ß/ fem. .thirteenth
day of a bright or dark fortnight of the
Hindu calendar.
tel /tel/ neut. .oil.
te&talIs /t´~.ta.lis/ adj. .forty
three.
te&s5 /t´~.s\ˇ˙/ adj. .sixty
three.
tEyar /t\i.jar/ adj. .ready to
use.

tEyarI /t\i.ja.ri/ fem.
.readiness.
to /to/ advb. .1.then 2. in that case.
to26a; /toc˙.Îai/ fem.
rudeness.
to26u& /toc˙.Îu~/ adj. .blunt.
to4o /to.ˇo/ masc. .shortage.
to6 /toÎ/ masc. .1. a settlement
2. a compromise.
to6vu& /toÎ.vu~/ v.tr. .1. to
break 2. to pluck.
tot6u& /tot.Îu~/ neut.
.stammering.
toit&g /to.ti˜.g\/ adj. .huge.
toter /to.ter/ adj. .seventy
three.
top /top/ fem. .a cannon.
to p8 /to p\¯/ advb. .even
then.
tofan /to.p˙an/ neut. .1.riot
2. disturbance.
tofanI /to.p˙a.ni/ adj.
mischievous.
tor8 /to.r\¯/ neut. .an arch
of a gate.
tol /tol/ masc. .1.weight 2.
value.
tolo /to.lo/ masc. .an unit of
weight.
toXvu& /toÆ.vu~/ v.tr. .to weigh.
Tyjvu& /tj\Ô.vu~/ v.tr. .to
abandon.
Tyag /tja.g\/ masc.
.renunciation.
Tyagvu& /tjag.vu~/ v.tr. .to
renounce.
TyagI /tja.gi/ adj. .one who has
renounced material comforts.
TyagI /tja.gi/ masc. .an ascetic.
86
Tyare /tja.re/ advb. .1. at taht time
2. then.
Tya=I /tja.ßi/ adj. .eighty three.
Tya& /tja~/ advb. .there.
{a8 /tr\¯/ adj. .three.
{aa4kvu& /tra.ˇ\k.vu~/ v.intr.
.to raid or attack suddenly.
{aa6 /traÎ/ fem. .a roar.
{aa8u& /tra.¯u~/ adj. .ninety three.
{aas /tras/ masc. .1. terror 2.
nuisance.
{aasvad /tras.vad/ masc.
terrorism.
{aaiht /tra.hit/ adj. .third
party.

i{ako8 /tri.kø¯/ masc. .a
triangle.
i{a-e4o /tri.b˙e.ˇo/ masc. .a
meeting place of three roads.
i{ar&gI /tri.r\˜.gi/ adj.
.tricolor.
{aIj /tri:Ô/ fem. .the third day...
{aIju /tri:.Ôu/ adj. .third.
{aIs /tris/ adj. .thirty.
{aepn /tre.p\n/ adj. .53 (fifty
three).
{aevIs /tre.vis/ adj. .twenty
three.
{aes5 /tre.s\ˇ˙/ adj. .sixty
three.
{aEmaisk /tr\i.ma.sik/ adj.
quarterly.
{aofvu& /trop˙.vu~/ v.tr. .to
tattoo.
]vca /tv\.ca/ fem. .skin.
96 /t˙\Î/ neut. .the trunk of a
tree.
9
96kvu& /t˙\Î\k.vu~/ v.intr.
.1. to stammer 2. to tremble with fear.
87
99rvu& /t˙\.t\r.vu~/ v.intr.
.to shiver.
9ngnvu& /t˙\n.g\n.vu~/
v.intr. .to be very excited for soemthing.
9PpI /t˙\p.pi/ fem. .an orderly
pile or stack.
9r /t˙\r/ masc. .1. a layer 2. a
crust.
9r9r /t˙\r.t˙\r/ advb.
shivering manner.
9vu& /t˙\.vu~/ v.intr. .1.to be 2. to
happen 3. to occur.
9ak /t˙ak/ masc. fatigue.
9ag69Ig6 /t˙a.g\Î.t˙i.g\Î/
neut. .1. a
repairing 2. a patching.
9a\8u& /t˙a.¯u~/ neut. .1. a center
2. a post.
9ank /t˙a.n\k/ neut. .a place
of worship.
9ap4 /t˙a.p\ˇ/ fem. .a light
blow.
9ap8 /t˙a.p\¯/ fem.
.capital.
9apo /t˙ap/ masc. .the hip.
9ab6vu& /t˙a.b\Î.vu~/ v.tr.
.1. to pat 2. to encourage.
9aX /t˙aÆ/ masc. .a large plate.

9aXI /t˙a.Æi/ fem. .a dinner plate.
9a&-lo /t˙a~b˙.lo/ masc. .a
small pillar.
9Ig6u& /t˙ig.Îu~/ neut. .a
patch.
9Ijvu& /t˙iÔ.vu~/ v.intr. .to be
froze.
9UlI /t˙u.li/ fem. .half
grounded wheat.
9Ulu& /t˙u.lu~/ neut. .husks
separated from flour.
9U&k /t˙u~k/ neut. .1. saliva 2.
spittle.
9eplu& /t˙ep.lu~/ neut. .a kind
of bread.
9elI /t˙e.li/ fem. .a small bag.
9elo /t˙e.lo/ masc. .a big bag.
9ok6I /t˙ok.Îi/ fem. .a small
bundle.
9ok6o /t˙ok.Îo/ masc. .a big
bundle.
9okb&0 /t˙ok.b\nd˙/
adj. wholesale.
9o6u& /t˙o.Îu~/ adj. .little.
9o9vavu& /t˙ot˙.va.vu~/
v.intr. to stammer.
9o9u& /t˙o.t˙u~/ neut. .a book
(derogatory).
88
9o-vu& /t˙ob˙.vu~/ v.intr. .to
stop.
9or /t˙or/ masc. .a throny plant.
dix8 /d\k.ßi¯/ fem. .the
south.
d
dix8a /d\k.ßi.¯a/ fem. .alms
(given to the Brahmins).
dga`or /d\.ga.k˙or/ adj.
treacherous.
dgabaj /d\.ga.baÔ/ adj.
treacherous.
dga`orI /d\.ga.k˙o.ri/
fem. . treachery.
dgaba@ /d\.ga.ba.Ôi/ fem.
treachery.
dgo /d\.go/ masc. .treachery.
d6 d6 /d\Î d\Î/ advb. .a
sound like that of water falling
incessantly.
d6 b6 /d\Î b\Î/ advb.. a
sound like that of running of a human
being.
d6bu& /d\Î.bu~/ neut. .a slice
of solid food (not of a fruit).
d6o /d\.Îo/ masc. .a ball.

ddU6I /d\.du.Îi/ fem. .a
thin current of water falling down.
dbdbo /d\b.d\.bo/ masc.
pomp.
dba8 /d\.ba¯/ neut. .1.
pressure 2. force.
dbavu& /d\.ba.vu~/ v.intr. .to
be pressed.
dm /d\m/ masc. .asthma.
dm /d\m/ masc. .stamina.
dmkvu& /d\.m\k.vu~/
v.intr. to glow.
dmda4I /d\m.da.ˇi/ fem.
.a threatening.
dmn /d\.man/ neut.
.tyranny.
dmam /d\.mam/ masc.
grandeur.
dya /d\.ja/ fem. .compassion.
dr /d\r/ masc. .rate.
dr /d\r/ masc. .1. a burrow 2. a
hole.
drkar /d\r.kar/ fem. .care.
dr`aSt /d\r.k˙as.t\/
fem. proposal.
drgah /d\r.gah/ fem. .the
tomb of a Muslim saint.
dr@ /d\r.Ôi/ masc. .a tailor.
drj8 /d\r.Ô\¯/ fem. .1. a
tailor’s wife, 2. a woman tailor.
drjjo /d\.r\Ô.Ôo/ masc. .a
rank.
drd /d\.r\.d/ neut. .1.
disease 2. pain.
drdI /d\r.di/ masc. .patient
89
drdagIno /d\r.da.gi.no/
masc. . money, ornaments, valuables etc.
together.
dpR8 /d\r.p\¯/ neut. .a
mirror.
drbar /d\r.bar/ masc. .a
royal court.
drbar /d\r.bar/ masc.
Rajput- a community.
drimyan /d\r.mi.jan/
advb. meanwhile.
drroj /d\r.roÔ/ advb.
everyday.
drvajo /d\r.va.Ôo/ masc.
.1. a gate 2. an entrance.
drvan /d\r.van/ masc. .a
gate-keeper.
drve= /d\r.veß/ masc. .a
Muslim saint.
d=Rn /d\.rß\n/ neut. .1.
seeing 2. viewing, 3. a form of
worshiping

d=Rn /d\.rß\n/ neut.
philosophy.
d=aRvvu& /d\r.ßav.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to show 2. to suggest.
draj /d\.raÔ/ fem. .ringworm
(a skin disease).
dirya; /d\.ri.ja.i/ adj.
.marine.
diryo /d\.ri.jo/ masc. .the sea.
drek /d\.rek/ adj. .1.each 2.
every.
dro6o /d\.ro.Îo/ masc. .a
raid.
dlal /d\.lal/ masc. .a broker.
dlalI /d\.la.li/ fem.
.brokerage.
dilt /d\.lit/ adj. .1. oppressed
2. down-trodden.
dlIl /d\.lil/ fem. .an
argument.
dv /d\v/ masc. .a wild-fire.
dva /d\.va/ fem. .a medicine.
dva`anu& /d\.va.k˙a.nu~/
neut. .1. a hospital 2. a clinic.
dvada£ /d\.va.da.ru~/
neut. pl.. medicines in general.
dvapa8I /d\.va.pa.ni/
neut. medicines in general.
d= /d\ß/ adj. .ten.
90
d=k /d\.ß\k/ masc. .the tenth
part.
d=m /d\.ß\m/ fem. .tenth
day of the Hindu fortnight.
d=/mu& /d\ß.mu~/ neut. .tenth
day after a person’s death.
d=a /d\.ßa/ fem. .condition.
d=a&= /d\.ßa~ß/ adj. decimal.
d=I /d\.ßi/ fem. .1. hem of a
garment 2. wick.
d=era /d\.ße.ra/ masc. .the
tenth day of the bright half of the Aso
month.
ds /d\s/ adj. .10 (ten).
d=ko /d\ß.ko/ masc. a
decade.
dStavej /d\.sta.veÔ/ masc.
a document.
dha6o /d\.ha.Îo/ masc. a
day.
dhI& /d\.hi~/ neut. 1. yogurt 2.
curd.
dhI&tru& /d\.hi~.t\.ru~/ neut.
a food item.
dhI&v6u& /d\.hi~.v\.Îu~/
neut. a food item.

dhej /d\.heÔ/ neut. dowry.
dhe=t /d\.he.ß\t/ fem.
apprehension.
dXdar /d\�.dar/ adj. 1.
thick 2. heavy.
dXvu& /d\Æ.vu~/ v.tr. to grind.
d&gl /d\˜.g\l/ neut. a
quarrel.
d&6 /d\¯.Î\/ masc.
punishment.
d&6vu& /d\¯Î.vu~/ v.tr. to
punish.
d&tk9a /d\nt.k\.t˙a/ fem.
1. a legend 2. a fable.
d&tm&jn /d\nt.m\µ.Ô\n/
neut. 1. toothpowder
2. tooth-paste.
d&t=UX /d\nt.ßuÆ/ masc. an
elephant’s tusk.
d&ptI /d\m.p\.ti/ neut. a
couple (husband and wife).
d&- /d\mb˙/ masc.
hypocrisy.
d&-I /d\m.b˙i/ adj.
hypocritical.
d&= /d\mß/ masc. 1. a biting
(of a serpent or scorpian) 2. a sting.
da`lo /da.k˙.lo/ masc. 1.
an example 2. an illustration 3. a
mathematical problem.
dagIno /da.gi.no/ masc. an
ornament.
da3 /dag˙/ masc. 1. a spot 2.
burning.
daz /daÔ˙/ fem. feeling.
dazvu& /daÔ˙.vu~/ v.intr. to
get burn.
da4vu& /daˇ.vu~/ v.tr. to bury.
da6m /da.Î\m/ neut. a
pomegranate.
da7 /daÎ˙/ fem. a molar
tooth.
da7I /da.Î˙i/ fem. 1. the chin
2. the beard.
da8o /da.¯o/ masc. a grain.
91
dat8 /da.t\¯/ neut. a small
piece of a branch of a tree or a plant used
to clean teeth.
dadr /da.d\r./ masc. a
staircase.
dadro/dad.ro./ masc. a
staircase.
dadagIrI /da.da.gi.ri/
fem. bullying.
dadI /da.di/ fem. grandmother.

dado /da.do/ masc.
grandfather.
dan /dan/ neut. 1. a gift 2. a
donation.
dant /da.n\t/ fem.
intention.
danv /da.n\v/ masc. a
monster.
dane=rI /da.ne.ß\.ri/
masc. a liberal donor.
dab6I /dab.Îi/ fem. a very
small box.
dabvu& /dab.vu~/ v.tr. to
press.
dayko /daj.ko/ masc. a
decade.
day8 /da.j\¯/ fem. a midwife.
da£ /da.ru/ masc. 1. wine 2.
liquor.
da£`anu& /da.ru.k˙a.nu~/
masc. fire-works.
da£i6yo /da.ru.Îi.jo/
masc. a drunkard.
da=Rink /da.rß\.nik/ adj.
philosophical.
dav /dav/ masc. a person’s turn
in a game.
davo /da.vo/ masc. 11. a right
2. a claim 3. a law-suit 4. a demand.
92
das /das/ masc. a male servant.
dasI /da.si/ fem. a male
servant.
daX /daÆ/ fem. 1. pulses
grounded into two parts 2. a food item
prepared from
such pulses.
da&t /da~t/ masc. tooth.
da&ityo /da~.ti.jo/ masc. a comb.
idGd=Rk /dig.d\r.ß\k/
masc.
a director (of a film or a drama).
idGmU7 /dig.muÎ˙/ adj. 1.
stunned 2. wonderstruck.
idncyaR /din.c\.rja/ fem. a
daily routine activities.
idnrat /din.rat/ advb. day
and night.
idmag /di.mag/ neut. the
brain.
idyr /di.j\r/ masc. a
husband’s younger brother.
idl /dil/ neut. the heart.
idlgIr /dil.gir/ adj.
dejected.
idlgI.rI /dil.gi.ri/ fem.
dejection.

idlcSp /dil.c\ß.p\/ adj.
fascinating.
idlcSpI /dil.c\ß.pi/ fem.
fascination.
idldar /dil.dar/ adj. 1.
beloved 2. liberal.
idlaso /di.la.so/ masc.
consolation.
idvs /di.v\s/ masc. a day.
idvaso /di.va.so/ masc. a
festival.
idvaXI /di.va.Æi/ fem. the
Hindu festival on the last day of the
Hindu year.
idve4 /di.veˇ/ fem. a wick.
idvel /di.vel/ neut. castor-oil.
idVy /div.j\/ adj. divine.
dIkrI /dik.ri/ fem. a
daughter.
dIkro /dik.ro/ masc. a son.
dIdI /di.di/ fem. elder sister.
dIn /din/ adj. poor (literary).
dIp /dip/ masc. a lamp.
dIpk /di.p\k/ masc. lamp.
dIp6o /dip.Îo/ masc. a
lamp.
dIpavlI /di.pav.li/ fem.
the Diwali festival.
dI3R /dir.g\/ adj. long.
dIvada&6I /di.va.da~.Îi/
fem. a light-house.
dIval /di.val/ fem. a wall.
dIvasXI /di.va.s\.Æi/ fem.
a matchstick.
dIvI /di.vi/ fem. a lamp-stand.
dIvo /di.vo/ masc. a lamp.
dukan /du.kan/ fem. a shop.
dukaX /du.kaÆ/ masc. a
famine.
dù vu& /duk˙.vu~/ v.intr. 1.
to pain 2. to ache.
dù avo /du.k˙a.vo/ masc.
1. pain 2. ache.
93
dui`yaru& /du.k˙i.ja.ru~/ adj.
unhappy.
du8avu& /du.¯a.vu~/ v.intr. to
be burnt (of food).
duinya /du.ni.ja/ fem. 1. the
world 2. the universe.
dup4\4o /du.p\.ˇˇo/ masc. a
scarf.
du-agvu& /du.b˙ag.vu~/
v.tr. to divide by two.

du-avvu& /du.b˙av.vu~/
v.tr. to displease.
du-avu& /du.b˙a.vu~/ v.intr.
to be displeased.
du-aiqyo /du.b˙a.ßi.jo/
masc. an interpreter.
durag/h /du.ra.gr\h/
masc. excessive and undue insistence.
duracr8 /du.ra.c\.r\¯/
neut. immoral behavior.
duracr8I /du.ra.c\.r\.¯i/
adj. a person who
behaves immorally.
duracar /du.ra.car/ neut.
immoral behavior.
duracarI /du.ra.ca.ri/ adj.
a person who behaves immorally.
dugRit /dur.g\.ti/ fem.
spiritual degeneration.
dugR&0 /dur.g\nd˙/ fem.
unpleasant smell.
dubRX /dur.b\Æ/ adj. weak.
dulR- /dur.l\b˙/ adj. rare.
duva /du.va/ fem. blessing.
du+mn /duß.man/ masc. an
enemy.
duŠ` /duk˙/ neut. 1.
unhappiness 2. pain.
dusa)y /du.sad˙.j\/ adj.
difficult to achieve.
duzvu& /duÔ˙.vu~/ v.intr. to
ooze.
dU0 /dud˙/ neut. milk.
dUi0ya /du.d˙i.ja/ adj. milkwhite.
dU0I /du.d˙i/ fem. a kind of
gourd.
dUbXu& /dub.Æu~/ adj. weak.
dU-vvu& /du.b˙\v.vu~/
v.tr. to afflict.
dU-avu& /du.b˙a.vu~/ v.intr.
to be afflicted.
dUr /dur/ adj. far away.
94
dUr/bIn /dur.bin/ neut. 1.
a telescope 2. a binocular.
±7 /dr\Î˙/ adj. 1. firm 2.
strong.
±iQ4 /dr\.ߡi/ fem. sight.
dè rè /dek˙.rek˙/ fem.
1. watch 2. guardianship.
dè vu& /dek˙.vu~/ v.tr. to see.
dè adè I /de.k˙a.de.k˙i/
fem. senseless imitation.
dè av /de.k˙av/ masc.
appearance.

dè av6u& /de.k˙av.Îu~/
adj. 1. attractive 2. handsome
3.beautiful.
dè avu& /de.k˙a.vu~/ v.tr. to
appear.
dè Itu& /de.k˙i.tu~/ adj.
obvious.
de6kI /deÎ.ki/ fem. a
(female/ small) frog.
de6ku& /deÎ.ku~/ neut. a frog.
de6ko /deÎ.ko/ masc. a
(male) frog.
dera8I /de.ra.¯i/ fem.
husband’s younger brother’s wife.
derasr /de.ra.s\r/ neut. a
Jain temple.
derI /de.ri/ fem. a small temple.
dev /dev/ masc. a deity (male).
devta /dev.ta/ masc. a fire.
devnagrI /dev.nag.ri/
adj. the Sanskrit script.
devX /de.v\Æ/ neut. a church.
devadar /de.va.dar/ adj.
indebted.
devaXIyu& /de.va.Æi.ju~/ adj.
bankrupt.
devI /de.vi/ fem. 1. a deity
(female) 2. goddess.
devu& /de.vu~/ v.tr. to give.
95
de= /deß/ masc. 1. a country 2. a
region.
de=kaX /deß.kaÆ/ masc.
time and space.
de=daz /deß.daÔ˙/ fem.
patriotism.
de=a4n /de.ßa.ˇ\n/ neut.
traveling in foreign country.
de=ai-man /de.ßa.b˙i.man/
neut. patriotism.
de=I /de.ßi/ masc. 1. native 2.
indigenous.
de=I /de.ßi/ adj. a villager.
deh /deh/ masc. body.
dehTyag /deh.tjag/ masc.
death.
dEink /d\i.nik/ adj. daily.
dEvI /d\i.vi/ adj. devine.
do4 /doˇ/ fem. an act of
running.
do6 /doÎ/ fem. an act of
running.
do60am /doÎ.d˙am/
fem. turmoil
do6vu& /doÎ.vu~/ v.intr. to
run.

do6ado6 /do.Îa.doÎ/ fem.
1. hurry 2. haste.
do7 /ÎoÎ˙/ adj. one and half.
do76a¬u& /doÎ˙.Îahju~/
adj. over wise.
do7u& /do.Î˙u~/ adj. one and
half time.
dodXu& /dod.Æu~/ adj. weak.
dor6I /dor.Îi/ fem. a string.
dor6u& /dor.Îu~/ neut. a rope.
dorv8I /do.r\v.¯i/ fem.
guidance.
dorvu& /dor.vu~/ v.tr. to draw
(picture, figure etc.)
dorvu& /dor.vu~/ v.tr. to guide
a person or any other animal.
dorI /do.ri/ fem. a string.
doro /do.ro/ masc. 1. a thread 2.
a kind of necklace.
doq /doß/ masc. 1. mistake 2.
fault.
doSt /dost/ masc. a friend.
dohvu& /doh.vu~/ v.tr. to milk.
doih{a /do.hi.tr\/ masc. a
daughter’s son.
doih{aI /do.hi.tri/ fem. a
daughter’s daughter.
±ax /drakß/ fem. a grape.
±oh /droh/ masc. a betrayal.
µIp /dvip/ masc. an island.
µEmaisk /dv\i.ma.sik/
adj. bi-monthly.
0kelvu& /d˙\.kel.vu~/ v.tr.
to push.
0k\k&0k\ka /d˙\.kk\m.d˙\k.ka/
masc. intensely
crowded state.
0k\ka0k\kI /d˙\.kka.d˙\k.ki/
fem. . intensely
crowded state.
0k\kamuk\kI /d˙\.kka.muk.ki/
fem. a crowd
marked with pushes and blows.
0
0kko /d˙\k.ko/ masc. a
push.
0kko /d˙\k.ko/ masc. an
errand.
0g0gvu& /d˙\g.d˙\g.vu~/
v.intr. to burn
intensely.
0g= /d˙\.g\ß/ fem. 1. zeal
2. enthusiasm.
96

0ja /d˙\.Ôa/ fem. 1. a flag 2. a
banner.
06 /d˙\Î/ neut. the human
body without head.
06k /d˙\.Î\k/ fem.
throbbing of the heart due to fright,
shock etc.
06kvu& /d˙\.Î\k.vu~/
v.intr. to throb.
06ako /d˙\.Îa.ko/ masc. an
exploding sound.
06a06 /d˙\.Îa.d˙\Î/
advb. quickly and violently.
06a06I /d˙\.Îa.d˙\.Îi/
fem. commotion.
08 /d˙\¯/ neut. a herd of
cattle.
0808vu& /d˙\¯.d˙\¯.vu~/
v.intr. to quake
(of earth etc).
08I /d˙\.¯i/ masc. 1. a
master 2. an owner 3. the husband.
08Iya8I /d˙\.¯i.ja.¯i/
fem.1. master’s wife 2. owner’s wife 3. a
female owner.
0it&g /d˙\.ti˜.g\/ neut. 1. a
sham 2. phoniness.
0n /d˙\n/ neut. 1. money 2.
wealth.
0nter= /d˙\n.te.r\ß/
fem. a Hindu festival.
0nuQy /d˙\.nu.ßj\/ neut. a
bow.
0Ny /d˙\.nj\/ adj. 1.
fortunate 2. praiseworthy.
0b6ko /d˙\.b\Î.ko/
masc. a fiasco.
0mkvu& /d˙\.m\k.vu~/
v.intr. to tremble.
0mkavvu& /d˙\m.kav.vu~/
v.tr. to scold.
0mkI /d˙\m.ki/ fem. a
threat.
0m0okar /d˙\m.d˙o.kar/
advb. at full
speed.
0min /d˙\m.ni/ fem. an
artery.
0mp2a6a /d˙\m.p\.c˙a.Îa/
masc. vain
efforts made impatiently.
0mal /d˙\.mal/ fem.
commotion.
0rtI /d˙\r.ti/ fem. 1. the
earth 2. the soil.
0rpk6 /d˙\r.p\.k\Î/
fem. an arrest.
0rbvu& /d˙\.r\b.vu~/ v.tr.
to over fill.
97

0rmUX /d˙\r.mu�/
neut. the very beginning.
0rvu& /d˙\r.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
hold by hand 2. to assume 3. to offer.
0ravu& /d˙\.ra.vu~/ v.intr. to
be satisfied.
0rI /d˙\.ri/ fem. an axle.
0ro /d˙\.ro/ masc. a deep pit
in a river.
0mR /d˙\r.m\/ masc. 1.
religion 2. duty.
0mRguru /d˙\r.m\.gu.ru/
masc. a spiritual teacher.
0mRg/&9 /d˙\r.m\.gr\nt˙/
masc. a religious
book.
0mRs&k4 /d˙\r.m\.s\m.k\ˇ/
neut. a moral
dilemma.
0maRTma /d˙\r.mat.ma/
masc. a man with a holy soul.
0maRda /d˙\r.ma.da/ adj.
pertaining to religious charity.
0maRNtr /d˙\r.man.t\r/
neut. an act of adopting another’s
religion.
0maR&0 /d˙\r.man.d˙\/
adj. fanatic.
0imRQ4 /d˙\r.miߡ/ adj.
religious minded.
0sms /d˙\s.m\s/ fem.
excitement.
0svu& /d˙\s.vu~/ v.intr. to
rush forcefully.
0saro /d˙\.sa.ro/ masc.
rush.
0&0o /d˙\n.d˙o/ masc. a
business.
0ak /d˙ak/ fem. fright.
0a6 /d˙aÎ/ fem. robbery.
0a6pa6u /d˙aÎ.pa.Îu/
masc. a robber.
0a8I /d˙a.¯i/ fem. popcorn.
0atu /d˙a.tu/ fem. a metal.
0an /d˙an/ neut. grain.
0ap /d˙ap/ fem. a cheating.
0abu& /d˙a.bu~/ neut. a terrace.
0abu& /d˙a.bu~/ neut. a blot.
0am /d˙am/ neut. a dwelling
place.
0am0Um /d˙am.d˙um/
fem. grandeur.
0amo /d˙a.mo/ masc.
unexpected stay.
0ar /d˙ar/ fem. 1. the edge of
a weapon 2. a thin current of falling
water.
98

0ar8a /d˙ar.¯a/ fem.
inference.
0arvu& /d˙ar.vu~/ v.tr. to
infer.
0ara0or8 /d˙a.ra.d˙o.r\¯/
neut. 1. rules and
regulations 2. code and conduct.
0ara=aS{aI /d˙a.ra.ßaß.tri/
masc. a lawyer.
0aras-a /d˙a.ra.s\.b˙a/
fem. a legislative assembly.
0aro /d˙a.ro/ masc. 1. a
custom 2. a tradition.
0aimRk /d˙ar.mik/ adj.
religious.
0av8 /d˙a.v\¯/ neut.
mother’s milk.
0avvu& /d˙av.vu~/ v.intr. to
suck milk from mother’s breasts.
0a&0l /d˙a~.d˙\l/ fem.
commotion.
i0kavvu& /d˙i.kav.vu~/
v.tr. to burn intensely.
i0k\kar /d˙i.kkar/ masc.
hatred.
0Imu& /d˙i.mu~/ adj. slow.
0Ime /d˙i.me/ advb. slowly.
0Ime9I /d˙i.me.t˙i/ advb.
slowly.
99
0Irj /d˙i.r\Ô/ fem. patience.
0Ir0ar /d˙ir.d˙ar/ fem.
money-landing.
0Irvu& /d˙ir.vu~/ v.tr. 1.to
give on credit 2. to lend money on
interest.
0utarI /d˙u.ta.ri/ fem. a
deceitful woman.
0utaro /d˙u.ta.ro/ masc. a
deceitful man.
0upel /d˙u.pel/ neut. hairoil.
0umai6yu& /d˙u.ma.Îi.ju~/
neut. a chimney.
0uma6o /d˙u.ma.Îo/ masc.
smoke.
0U8vu& /d˙u¯.vu~/ v.intr. to
shake or swing head under the influence
of black art.
0Utvu& /d˙ut.vu~/ v.intr. to
cheat.
0Un /d˙un/ fem. a strong
addiction.
0Up /d˙up/ masc. a kind of
fragrant substance.
0UpsXI /d˙up.s\.Æi/ fem.
an incense stick.
0UX /d˙uÆ/ fem. dust.

0U&AapU&Aa /d˙u~.a.pu~.a/
adj.
burning with anger.
0U&0vavu& /d˙u~nd˙.va.vu~/
v.intr. to grudge silently.
0U&0Xu& /d˙u~d˙.Æu~/ adj. 1.
misty 2. dim.
0U&srI /d˙u~s.ri/ fem. a yoke.
0oka4vu& /d˙o.kaˇ.vu~/ v.tr.
to beat with a club.
0oko /d˙o.ko/ masc. a short
tick staff.
0oko /d˙o.ko/ masc. 1. harm
2. betrayal.
0oityu& /d˙o.ti.ju~/ neut. a big
scarf-like lower garment of Hindu males.
0otI /d˙o.ti/ fem. a big scarflike
lower garment of Hindu males.
0o0 /d˙od˙/ masc. a waterfall.
0ob8 /d˙o.b\¯/ fem. 1. a
washer man’s wife 2. a washer-woman.
0obI /d˙o.bi/ masc. a washer
man.
0or8 /d˙o.r\¯/ neut. a
grade (first, second etc) of a school.
0ola; /d˙o.la.i/ fem. 1.
washing 2. remuneration for washing.
0ova8 /d˙o.va¯/ neut.
attrition.
100
0ovu& /d˙o.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to wash
2. to clean.
0oX /d˙oÆ/ neut. a kind of
devotional song.
0oXu& /d˙o.Æu~/ adj. white.
)yan /d˙ja.n\/ neut. attention.
)yey /d˙jej/ masc. goal.
0/ujarI /d˙ru.Ôa.ri/ fem.
trembling.
)vj /d´v\Ô/ masc. a flag.
)vin /d˙va.ni/ masc. sound.
nkl /n\.k\l/ fem. 1. a copy
2. a transcript.
n
nklI /n\k.li/ adj. 1.
artificial 2. unoriginal.
nk=Ikam /n\k.ßi.kam/
neut. carving.
nk=o /n\k.ßo/ masc. 1. a
map 2. an outline.
nkamu& /n.ka.mu~/ adj.
useless.
nkar /n\.kar/ masc.
negation.

nkUco /n\.ku.co/ masc. a
hook for locking.
nkor6o /n\.kor.Îo/ adj.
without food and water (fasting).
nkkr /n\k.k\r/ adj. 1.
solid 2. authentic.
nkkI /n\k.ki/ adj. 1. sure 2.
certain 3. fixed.
nx{a /n\.kß\.tr\/ neut. a
constellation.
n` /n\k˙/ masc. a nail.
n`raXu& /n\k˙.ra.Æu~/ adj.
1. prudish 2. coquettish.
n`ra`or /n\k˙.ra.k˙or/
adj. 1. prudish 2.
coquettish.
n`rabaj /n\k˙.ra~.baÔ/
adj. 1. prudish 2. coquettish.
n`ru& /n\k˙.ru~/ neut. 1.
prudery 2. coquetry.
n`lI /n\k˙.li/ fem. a nailpolish.
n`i=` /n\k˙.ßik˙/ adj.
from the toe to the head.
n~`od /n\k˙.k˙od/
neut. 1.end of a family generation 2.
complete destruction.
ng8u& /n\.g\.¯u~/ adj.
ungrateful.
ngd /n\.g\d/ adj. in cash.
ngr /n\.g\r/ neut. a city.
ngrI /n\g.ri/ fem. a small
city.
ngru& /n\g.ru~/ adj. 1. a
person who has no guru 2. shameless.
101
nGn /n\g.n\/ adj. 1. naked 2.
nude 3. shameless.
nic&t /n\.ci~nt/ adj. free from
worries.
n2U4ke /n\.c˙uˇ.ke/
advb. 1. compulsorily 2. helplessly.
njdIk /n\Ô.dik/ advb. 1.
near 2. beside.
njr /n\.Ô\r/ fem. sight.
njra8u& /n\Ô.ra.¯u~/ neut. a
gift.
njravu& /n\Ô.ra.vu~/ v.intr.
to be the victim of evil sight.
njronjr /n\Ô.ro.n\.Ô\r/
advb. in front of.
n@k /n\.Ôik/ postp. 1. near
2. beside.
n@vu& /n\.Ôi.vu~/ adj.
insignificant (in amount and quantity).
n4 /n\ˇ/ masc. a male actor.
n4I /n\.ˇi/ fem. a female actor.

n5aru& /n\.ˇ˙a.ru~/ adj. 1.
wicked 2. harmful.
n5or /n\.ˇ˙or/ adj. 1.
heartless 2. cruel.
n6tr /n\Î.t\r/ neut. 1. an
obstruction 2. troubles assumed to be
created by ghosts and evil spirits.
n8dl /n\¯.d\l/ fem.
husband’s sister.
n8dI /n\¯.di/ fem.
husband’s sister.
n8do; /n\¯.do.i/ fem.
husband’s sister’s husband.
ntIjo /n\.ti.Ôo/ masc. 1.
result 2. an outcome.
n8&d /n\.¯\nd/ fem.
husband’s sister.
n9 /n\t˙/ fem. a nose-ring.
n9I /t\.t˙i/ neg. is not.
ndI /n\.di/ fem. a river.
n0i8yatu& /n\.d˙\.¯i.ja.tu~/
adj. 1. unguarded 2.
stray.
nnamI /n\.na.mi/ fem. a
bier.
nnamu& /n\.na.mu~/ adj.
nameless.
nNno /n\n.no/ masc.
negation.
npas /n\.pas/ adj. fail.
102
npu&sk /n\.pu~m.s\k/ adj.
1. impotent 2. neuter gender.
nfkru& /n\.p˙\k.ru~/ adj.
careless.
nf\f4 /n\p˙.p˙\ˇ/ adj.
1.shameless 2. rude.
nfa`or /n\.p˙a.k˙or/
adj. inclined to profiteering.
nifkru& /n\.p˙ik.ru~/ adj. careless.
nfo /n\.p˙o/ masc. profit.
nbXa; /n\b.Æa.i/ fem.
weakness.
nbXu& /n\b.Æu~/ adj. weak.
nbapu& /n\.ba.pu~/ adj.
fatherless.
n- /n\b˙/ neut. the sky.
n-vu& /n\b˙.vu~/ v.intr. to
last.
nmk /n\.m\k/ neut. salt.
nm8u& /n\m.¯u~/ adj.
humble.
nmn /n\.m\n/ neut. a
bowing in reverence.
nmvu& /n\m.vu~/ v.intr. to
bend down.
nmaj /n\.maÔ/ fem. prayer
to god (in Islam).

nmayu& /n\.ma.ju~/ adj.
orphan.
nmUi2yu& /n\.mu.c˙i.ju~/
adj. having no mustache.
nmUnedar /n\.mu.ne.dar/
adj. ideal.
nmUno /n\.mu.no/ masc.
1. a sample 2. a model.
nm/ /n\m.r\/ adj. humble.
nyn /n\.j\n/ fem. am eye.
nr /n\r/ masc. a male.
nrk /n\.r\k/ neut. hell.
nrjait /n\r.Ôa.ti/ fem. the
male class.
ntRk /n\r.t\k/ masc. a male
dancer.
ntRkI /n\r.t\.ki/ fem. a
female dancer.
nXakar /n\.Æa.kar/ adj.
cylindrical.
nv /n\v/ adj. nine.
nvjuvan /n\v.Ôu.van/
masc. a blooming youth.
nv@vn /n\v.Ôi.v\n/
neut. new life.
nvjot /n\v.Ôot/ fem. the
sacred-thread ceremony of the Parsi
comunity.
103
nvtr /n\v.t\r/ adj. novel.
nv0a /n\v.d˙a/ fem. nine
types of Bhakti.
nvra= /n\v.raß/ fem.
leisure.
nvru& /n\v.ru~/ adj.
unemployed.
nvlk9a /n\.v\l.k\.t˙a/
fem. novel.
nvilka /n\v.li.ka/ fem.
short story.
nvv0U /n\v.v\.d˙u/
fem. a bride.
nv=eku& /n\v.ße.ku/ adj.
lukwarm.
nvS{au& /n\.v\s.tru~/ adj.
undressed.
nva; /n\.va.i/ fem. a wonder.
nvajvu& /n\.vaÔ.vu~/ v.tr.
to honor.
nvajUnI /n\.va.Ôu.ni/
fem. a new development.
nvIn /n\.vin/ adj. new.
nvu& /n\.vu~/ adj. new.

nvesr9I /n\.ve.s\r.t˙i/
advb. to start a work again from the
beginning.
nVva8u& /n\v.va.¯u~/ adj.
ninety nine.
n=o /n\.ßo/ masc. intoxication.
ns /n\s/ fem. a vein.
nskoru& /n\s.ko.ru~/ neut. 1.
a nostril 2. the nose.
nsIb /n\.sib/ neut. 1. fate
2. fortune.
nih /n\.hi/ advb. 1. no 2. not.
nihvt\ /n\.hi.v\t/ adj.
slightly.
nher /n\.her/ fem. a canal.
nhor /n\.hor/ masc. a claw.
niXyu& /n\.Æi.ju~/ neut. a roof
tile.
nXI /n\.Æi/ fem. a tube.
n&g /n\˜.g\/ neut. a unit of a
thing.
na /na/ advb. 1. no 2. not.
na;laj /na.i.laÔ/ adj.
incurable.
nak /nak/ neut. the nose.
104
naku& /na.ku~/ neut. 1. the eye of
a needle 2. an entrance or end of a road
3. a hole.
na`vu& /nak˙.vu~/ v.tr. to
throw.
nag /nag/ masc. a male cobra.
nag8 /na.g\¯/ fem. a
female cobra.
nagr /na.g\r/ masc. a
community of that name.
nagrvel /na.g\r.vel/
fem. the betel plant.
nagirk /nag.rik/ masc. a
citizen.
nagrI /nag.ri/ adj. 1. related
to the Nagar community, 2. civilized, 3.
urban.
nagu& /na.gu~/ adj. 1. naked 2.
nude.
nac /nac/ masc. a dance.
nacvu& /nac.vu~/ v.intr. to
dance.
na2U4ke /na.c˙uˇ.ke/
advb. helplessly.
najuk /na.Ôuk/ adj. tender.
na4k /na.ˇ\k/ neut. 1. a
drama 2. a play.
na4kkar /na.ˇ\k.kar/
masc. 1. a playwright 2. a dramatist.

na4kIyu& /na.ˇ\.ki.ju~/ adj. 1.
dramatic 2. not real.
nai4ka /na.ˇi.ka/ fem. a short
play.
na6a26I /na.Îa.c˙\.Îi/
fem. a many colored cotton string used
in various rituals.
na6I /na.Îi/ fem. 1. a vain 2. an
artery.
na6u& /na.Îu~/ neut. a string of a
garment.
na8vu& /na¯.vu~/ v.tr. to
examine.
na8akIy /na.¯a.kij/ adj. 1.
monetary 2. financial.
na8abjar /na.¯a.b\.Ôar/
neut. moneymarket.
na8a-I6 /na.¯a.b˙iÎ/
fem. financial stringency.
na8u& /na.¯u~/ neut. money.
nat /nat/ fem. a caste.
natvro /nat.v\.ro/ masc.
a caste-dinner.
natal /na.tal/ fem. the
Christmas.
nato /na.to/ masc. relation.
na9 /nat˙/ masc. 1. a master 2.
the husband.
nadan /na.dan/ adj.
childish.
105
nadar /na.dar/ adj. bankrupt.
nan`4a; /nan.k˙\.ˇa.i/
fem. a kind of sweet.
nanp /na.n\p/ fem.
inferiority complex.
nanm /na.n\m/ fem.
inferiority complex.
nanp8 /nan.p\¯/ neut.
childhood.
nanu& /na.nu~/ adj. small.
napas /na.pas/ adj. failed.
nai- /na.b˙i/ fem. the navel.
nam /nam/ neut. a name.
namcIn /nam.cin/ adj.
infamous.
nam5am /nam.ˇ˙am/
neut. a person’s name and address.
namdar /nam.dar/ adj.
honorable.
namna /nam.na/ fem. fame.
namu& /na.mu~/ neut. a credit
and debit account.
nayk /na.j\k/ masc. a hero of
a novel, a play etc.

naiyka /na.ji.ka/ fem. a
heroine of a novel, a play etc.
nar&gI /na.r\˜.gi/ fem. an
orange.
naraj /na.raÔ/ adj.
displeased.
nairyeX /na.ri.jeÆ/ neut. 1. a
coconut 2. a coconut tree.
narI /na.ri/ fem. a woman.
nalayk /na.la.j\k/ adj.
unworthy.
nav /nav/ fem. a small boat.
naivk /na.vik/ masc. 1. a
sailor 2. a boatman.
na= /naß/ masc. destruction.
nas /nas/ masc. inhalation of
vapor for curing a disease.
naspit /nas.p\.ti/ neut. a
pear fruit or tree.
nas-ag /nas.b˙ag/ fem.
a retreat.
nasvu& /nas.vu~/ v.intr. to run
away.
naSto /nas.to/ masc. a
breakfast.
nahk /na.h\k/ advb.
unnecessarily.
nahvu& /nah.vu~/ v.intr. to
bathe.
naX /naÆ/ fem. a horse shoe.
106
naXcu& /naÆ.cu~/ neut. a funnel.
naXu& /na.Æu~/ neut. a rivulet.
inkal /ni.kal/ masc. 1.
disposal 2. judgment.
inkas /ni.kas/ fem. export.
inkah /ni.kah/ masc. Muslim
marriage.
in`als /ni.k˙a.l\s/ adj.
open-hearted.
ingU7 /ni.guÎ˙/ adj.
mysterious.
incovvu& /ni.cov.cu~/ v.tr.
1. to squeeze 2. to extract.
injan&d /ni.Ôa.n\nd/ masc.
the joy caused by self-realization.
intarvu& /ni.tar.vu~/ v.tr. to
filter.
inTy /ni.tj\/ adj. eternal.
inTykmR /nit.j\.k\r.ma/
neut. daily worship.
indan /ni.dan/ neut.
diagnosis.
in0n /ni.d˙\n/ neut. death.
inpu8 /ni.pu¯/ adj. expert.

inb&0 /ni.b\nd˙/ masc. an
essay.
in-avvu& /ni.b˙av.vu~/ v.tr.
to maintain.
inm8U&k /nim.¯u~k/ fem.
an appointment.
inm&{a8 /ni.m\n.tr\¯/
neut. an invitation.
inm&{avu& /ni.m\n.tr\.vu~/
v.tr. to invite.
inma6o /ni.ma.Îo/ masc. a
potter’s kiln.
inym /ni.j\m/ masc. a rule.
inymn /ni.j\.m\n/ neut.
controlling.
inyimt /ni.j\.mit/ adj.
regular.
inyamk /ni.ja.m\k/ masc.
1. director 2. controller.
inyuikt /ni.juk.ti/ fem.
appointment.
inrxr /ni.r\.kß\r/ adj.
illiterate.
inrpex /nir.pek.ß\/ adj.
independent.
inr9Rk /ni.r\r.t˙\k/ adj.
useless.
inr&ku= /ni.r\˜.kuß/ adj.
uncontrolled.
inr&tr /ni.r\n.t\r/ adj.
1incessant.
107
inrakrr8 /ni.ra.k\.r\¯/
neut. 1. settlement 2. disposal.
inrakar /ni.ra.kar/ adj.
shapeless.
inra0ar /ni.ra.d˙ar/ adj.
1. orphan 2. support less.
inra= /ni.raß/ adj.
disappointed.
inraXu& /ni.ra.Æu~/ adj. 1.
peculiar 2. distinct 3. different.
inra&t /ni.ra~t/ fem. 1. peace 2.
repose.
inrIxk /ni.ri.kß\k/ masc.
1. an observer 2. an inspector.
inru]ar /ni.ru.tt\r/ neut. 1.
un-answering 2. silent, 3. speechless in
response.
inrupyogI /ni.rup.jo.gi/
adj. useless.
in£p8 /ni.ru.p\¯/ neut.
narration.
in£pvu& /ni.rup.vu~/ v.tr.
to narrate.
injRn /nir.Ô\n/ adj.
uninhabited.
injRX /nir.Ô\Æ/ adj. 1. dry 2.
waterless.

in@Rv /nir.Ôiv/ adj. lifeless.
in8Ry /nir.¯\j/ masc.
decision.
in8aRyk /nir.¯a.j\k/ adj.
decisive.
indRy /nir.d\j/ adj. cruel.
indeR= /nir.deß/ masc. an
indication.
indoRq /nir.doß/ adj.
innocent.
in0Rn /nir.d˙\n/ adj.
moneyless.
in0aRr /nir.d˙ar/ masc.
determination.
inbRX /nir.b\�/ adj.
powerless.
in-Ry /nir.b˙\j/ adj.
fearless.
in-eRX /nir.b˙e�/ adj.
unadulterated.
inmRX /nir.m\Æ/ adj. without
dirt.
inmaR8 /nir.ma¯/ neut. a
creation.
inmaRLy /nir.ma.lj\/ adj.
powerless.
inmURX /nir.muÆ/ adj.
rootless.
invaR8 /nir.va¯/ neut.
salvation.
invaRist /nir.va.sit/ adj.
refugee.
invaRh /nir.vah/ masc.
maintenance.
108
inivR#n /nir.vign/ adj. free
from obstacles.
invarvu& /ni.var.vu~/ v.tr. to
prevent.
invas /ni.vas/ masc.
residence.
invasI /ni.va.si/ masc. a
resident.
inv

in¾y /niß.c\.j\/ masc. a
determination.
ini¾t /niß.cit/ adj. decided.
in¼as /niß.vas/ masc. a
sigh.
inqe0 /ni.ßed˙/ masc.
prohibition.
inQkl&k /niß.ka.la˜k/ adj.
1. free from blamsih.
inQk/Iy /niß.kri.j\/ adj.
inactive.
inQ5a /niß.ˇ˙a/ fem.
faithfulness.
inQ5ur /niß.ˇur/ adj. 1. cruel
2. merciless.
inQ8at /niß.¯at/ adj. an
expert.
inQpx /niß.p\k.ß\/ adj.
impartial.
inQpap /niß.pap/ adj.
sinless.
inQp/a8 /niß.pra¯/ adj. 1.
weak 2. spiritless.
inQfX /niß.p˙\l/ adj.
unsuccessful.
insr8I /ni.s\r.¯i/ fem. a
ladder.
insaso /ni.sa.so/ masc. a
sigh.
109
inStej /nis.teÔ/ adj. 1. dim 2.
dull.
inSbt /nis.b\t/ fem. 1.
relation 2. concern.
inhairka /ni.ha.ri.ka/ fem.
a nebula.
inhaXvu& /ni.haÆ.vu~/ v.tr. to
see with full attention.
in&dvu& /nind.vu~/ v.tr. . to
backbite.
in&da /nin.da/ fem. backbiting.
inŠ=Bd /ni.ß\b.d\/ adj.
silent.
inŠ=S{a /ni.ß\s.tr\/ adj.
unarmed.
inŠ=uLk /ni.ßul.k\/ adj. free
of charge.
inŠs&tan /ni.s\n.tan/ adj.
childless.
inŠs&deh /ni.s\n.deh/ adj.
without any doubt.
inŠSva9R /ni.svar.th\/ adj.
unselfish.
nIk /nik/ fem. a drain.
nIkXvu& /ni.k\Æ.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to come out 2. to go out 3. to appear.
nIc /nic/ adj. 1. wicked 2.
mean.

nIcajo8u& /ni.ca.Ôo.¯u~/
neut. shameful condition.
nIca8 /ni.ca¯/ neut.
descent.
nIcu& /ni.cu~/ adj. 1. low 2. vile.
nI6r /ni.Î\r/ adj. fearless.
nItrvu& /ni.t\r.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to ooze 2. to be filtered.
nItyuR& /nit.rju~/ adj. filtered.
nIit /ni.ti/ fem. morality.
nIit=aS{a /ni.ti.ßas.tr\/
neut. ethics.
nIpj /ni.p\Ô/ fem. product.
nIpjvu& /ni.p\Ô.vu~/ v.intr.
to be produced.
nIm /nim/ masc. a religious
vow.
nImvu& /nim.vu~/ v.tr. to
appoint.
nIr`vu& /ni.r\k˙.vu~/ v.tr.
to observe.
nIr8 /ni.r\¯/ neut. fodder.
nIrv /ni.r\v/ adj. noiseless.
nIrvu& /nir.vu~/ v.tr. to feed
cattle fodder.
nIrogI /ni.ro.gi/ adj.
healthy.
nIl /nil/ adj. dark-blue.
110
nIv6vu& /ni.v\Î.vu~/ v.intr.
to be accomplished.
nI&d8 /nin.d\¯/ neut. the
act of removing weeds.
nI&dvu& /nind.vu~/ v.tr. to
weed.
nuksan /nuk.san/ neut.
damage.
nUtn /nu.t\n/ adj. new.
nUr /nur/ neut. fright.
n

nEsigRk /n\i.s\r.gik/ adj.
natural.
nokr /no.k\r/ masc. a male
servant.
nokr=ahI /no.k\r.ßa.hi/
fem. a bureaucracy.
nokiryat /no.k\.ri.jat/
adj.
salaried (person).
notrvu& /no.t\r.vu~/ v.tr. to
give a formal invitation on an auspicious
occasion.
notru& /not.ru~/ neut. a formal
invitation.
no0aru& /no.d˙a.ru~/ adj.
support less.
nobt /nob\t/ fem. a big
drum used normally in temples.
nom /nom/ fem. ninth day of
the bright or dark half of a Hindu month.
noiXyo /no.Æi.jo/ masc. a
mongoose.
no&0 /nø~d˙/ fem. a noting
down.
nOka /n\u.ka/ fem. a boat.
nOkadX /n\u.ka.d\Æ/
neut. navy.
Nyat /njat/ fem. a caste.
NyatIlu& /nja.ti.lu~/ adj. a
person from the same caste.
Nyay /njaj/ masc. justice.
Nyaya0I= /nja.ja.d˙iß/
masc. a judge.
NyayI /njaji/ adj. righteous.
p
111
pk6 /p\.k\Î/ fem. an act of
holding or gripping.
pk6vu& /p\.k\Î.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to hold 2. to catch 3. to grasp.
pkvvu& /p\.k\v.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to ripen 2. to cook 3. to produce
pkvan /p\k.van/ neut.
sweets.
px /p\k.ß\/ masc. 1. side 2. a
party (political).
pxa3at /p\k.ßa.g˙at/
masc. paralysis.
pxpat /p\k.ß\.pat/
masc. partiality.
pxapxI /p\k.ßa.p\k.ßi/
fem. discord.
pxI /p\k.ßi/ neut. a bird.
p`vaj /p\k˙.vaÔ/ fem. a
kind of drum.
p`vai6yu& /p\k˙.va.Îi.ju~/
neut. a fortnight.
p`vai6k /p\k˙.va.Îik/
adj. fortnightly.

p`aXvu& /p\.k˙aÆ.vu~/ v.tr.
to wash (formal).
pg /p\g/ masc. 1. a leg 2. a
foot.
pgi9yu& /p\.g\.t˙i.ju~/ neut.
a footstep.
pgpaXu& /p\g.pa.Æu~/ adj.
pedestrian.
pgpesaro /p\g.pe.sa.ro/
masc. intrusion.
pg-r /p\g.b˙\r/ adj.
self-reliant.
pgr`u& /p\.g\r.k˙u~/ neut.
a shoe.
pgrv /p\g.r\v/ masc.
the sound of foot-steps.
pglu& /p\g.lu~/ neut. a
footprint.
pgar /p\.gar/ masc. 1. pay
2. salary.
pgI /p\.gi/ masc. 1. a foot-print
reader 2. a village watchman.
pgeru& /p\.ge.ru~/ neut. a
foortprint.
pcr&gI /p\c.r\˜.gi/ adj.
colorful.
pcvu& /p\c.vu~/ v.intr. to be
digested.
pcas /p\.cas/ adj. fifty.
pCcIs /p\c.cis/ adj. 25
(twenty five).
p26a4 /p\ch.Îaˇ/ fem.
an act of being knocked.
112
p2a6vu& /p\.c˙aÎ.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to throw 2. to defeat .
p2at /p\.c˙at/ adj.
backward.
p2I /p\.c˙i/ postp.
afterwards.
p2It /p\.c˙it/ fem. a rear
wall of a building.
p2e6I /p\.c˙e.Îi/ fem. a
kind of shawl.
pjv8I /p\.Ô\v.¯i/ fem.
harassment.
pjvvu& /p\.Ô\v.vu~/ v.tr. to
harass.
p4ko /p\ˇ.ko/ masc. a small
piece of cloth used to wra round the
waist or
the head.
p4p4 /p\ˇ.p\ˇ/ advb.
quickly.
p4p4avvu& /p\ˇ.p\.ˇav.vu~/
v.tr. to wag.
p4la; /p\ˇ.lai/ fem. a
village headman’s duty.

p4la8I /p\ˇ.la.¯i/ fem. 1.
the wife of the village headman 2. the
wife of a Patel.
p4abaj /p\.ˇa.baÔ/ adj.
skilled in swordsmanship.
p4aba@ /p\.ˇa.ba.Ôi/ fem.
skill in swordmanship.
p4am8I /p\.ˇam.¯i/ fem.
deceit by flattering.
p4avvu& /p\.ˇav.vu~/ v.tr. to
cheat by flattery.
p4avaXo /p\.ˇa.va.Æo/ masc.
a peon.
p4\4I /p\ˇ.ˇi/ fem. a strip.
p4el /p\.ˇel/ masc. 1. the
headman of a caste 2. the headman of a
village 3. a surname so named 4. the
name of a community.
p4\4o /p\ˇ.ˇo/ masc. a belt.
p6 /p\Î/ neut. a layer.
p6kar /p\Î.kar/ masc. a
challenge.
p6`u& /p\Î.k˙u~/ neut. a
side.
p62ayo /p\Î.c˙a.jo/ masc.
a shadow.
p6tr /p\Î.t\r/ adj. a
base price.
p6tr /p\Î.t\r/ adj.
uncultivated (land).
p6tI /p\Î.ti/ fem. a fall.
p6tu& /p\Î.tu~/ adj. 1.
decaying 2. falling.
p6do /p\Î.do/ masc. a
curtain.
113
p6pU2 /p\Î.puc˙/ fem.
inquiry.
p6vu& /p\Î.vu~/ v.intr. to fall.
p6vo /p\Î.vo/ masc. the
first day of the first or second fortnight
of a Hindu month.
p6av /p\.Îav/ masc. a
camp.
pi6yo /p\.Îi.jo/ masc. a bowl
made of leaves.
p6I /p\.Îi/ fem. a small
packet.
p6IkI /p\.Îi.ki/ fem. a very
small packet.
p6Iku& /p\.Îi.ku~/ neut. a
small packet.
p8 /p\¯/ conj. 1. but 2. stll 3.
yet.
p82 /p\.¯\c˙/ fem. the
string of a bow.
pt /p\t/ neut. laprosy.
ptn /p\.t\n/ neut. 1. a fall
2. a defeat.

ptrI /p\t.ri/ fem. a small
thin metal piece.
ptru& /p\t.ru~/ neut. a sheet of
metal.
ptvu& /p\t.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to be
settled (account), 2. to end 3. to be
concluded.
pt&g /p\.t\˜.g\/ masc. a
kite.
pt&igyu& /p\.t\˜.gi.ju~/ neut.
a butterfly.
ptak6u& /p\.tak.Îu~/ neut.
a small piece of paper.
ptav4 /p\.ta.v\ˇ/ fem. a
settlement.
ptavvu& /p\.tav.vu~/ v.tr. 1.
to settle 2. finalise.
ptasu& /p\.ta.su~/ neut. a kind
of cookie.
pit /p\.ti/ masc. the husband.
pityu& /p\.ti.ju~/ adj. suffering
from leprosy.
p]au /p\t.tu~/ neut. 1. a leaf 2. a
playing card.
p]ao /p\t.to/ masc. 1.
whereabouts 2. address.
pTnI /p\t.ni/ fem. the wife.
p{a /p\t.r\/ masc. a letter.
114
p{akar /p\.tr\.kar/ masc.
a journalist.
p{akar]v /p\tr.ka.r\t.r\/
neut. journalism.
p{aVyvhar /p\.tr\.vj\v.har/
masc.
correspondance.
pi{aka /p\.tri.ka/ fem. a
pamphlet.
p9raX /p\t˙.raÆ/ adj.
stony.
p9rI /p\t˙.ri/ fem. a small
stone.
p9ro /p\t˙.ro/ masc. a
stone.
p9arI /p\.t˙a.ri/ fem. a bed.
p(9r /p\t˙.t˙\r/ masc. a
stone.
pd /p\d/ masc. a rank.
pd /p\d/ neut. a sentential
phrase.
pdvI /p\d.vi/ fem. 1. a title
2. a rank.
pda9R /p\.dar.t˙\/ masc. 1.
a substance 2. an object.
pda9R /p\.dar.t˙\/ masc. a
meaning of phrase.
pdavil /p\.dav.li/ fem.
diction.

pdavvu& /p\.dav.vu~/ v.tr.
to cause work hard.
p(9it /p\.d˙d˙\.ti/ fem.
a method.
pd\y /p\.dj\/ neut. verse.
p0ram8I /p\d˙.ram.¯i/
fem. a formal
visit.
p0ravvu& /p\d˙.rav.vu~/
v.tr. to offer respectfully.
p0arvu& /p\.0˙ar.vu~/
v.intr. to come or go respectfully.
pno /p\.no/ masc. breadth of
cloth.
pnotI /p\.no.ti/ fem.
misfortune.
pnotu& /p\.no.tu~/ adj.
auspicious.
ppEyu& /p\.p\i.ju~/ neut.
papaya.
pr /p\r/ postp. 1. on 2. over 3.
above.
prkIy /p\r.kij/ adj. 1.
belonging to others 2. belongingto
foreign.
pr` /p\.r\k˙/ fem. 1. a test
2. an examination.
pr`avvu& /p\r.k˙av.vu~/
v.tr. to tell unscrupulously.
prgju /p\r.g\.Ôu~/ adj.
benevolent.
prgam /p\r.gam/ neut.
another’s village.
115
prcUr8 /p\r.cu.r\¯/
neut. 1. change (coins), 2. miscellaneous.
prco /p\r.co/ masc. a
miracle.
pr@vI /p\r.Ôi.vi/ adj.
parasite.
pr8vu& /p\.r\¯.vu~/ v.tr. to
marry.
prt /p\.r\t/ advb. in return.
prt&{a /p\r.t\n.tr\/ adj.
dependence.
prdado /p\r.da.do/ masc.
a great grand-father.
prduŠ` /p\r.duk˙/ neut.
other’s misery.
prde= /pre.deß/ masc. a
foreign country.
prdo /p\r.do/ masc. a
curtain.
pr0n /p\r.d˙\n/ neut.
other’s money or wealth.
pr0mR /p\r.d˙\r.ma/
masc. other’s religion.
prnatIlu& /p\r.na.ti.lu~/
adj. belonging to others’ caste.

prpuruq /p\r.pu.ruß/
masc. a man other than one’s husband.
prpo4I /p\r.po.ˇi/ fem. a
small bubble.
prpo4o /p\r.po.ˇo/ masc.
a big bubble.
prb /p\.r\b/ fem. a public
water house.
prbI6Iyu& /p\r.bi.Îi.ju~/
neut. an envelope.
pr-v /p\r.b˙\v/ masc.
a previous or the next birth.
prm /p\.r\m/ adj. highest.
prma8u /p\r.ma.¯u/
neut. an atom.
prmaTma /p\r.mat.ma/
masc. 1. the supreme being 2. god.
prman&d /p\r.ma.nand/
masc. supreme
bliss.
prma9R /p\r.mar.t˙\/
masc. 1. the highest aim 2. benevolence.
prme¼r /p\r.meß.v\r/
masc. god.
prlok /p\r.lok/ masc. the
other world where the soul is believed o
be going after death.
prv6vu& /p\r.v\Î.vu~/
exp. to afford.
prv= /p\r.v\ß/ adj.
dependent.
prvX /p\r.v\�/ neut. a
kind of vegetable.
prva /p\r.va/ fem. care.
prvangI /p\r.van.gi/
fem. permission.
116
prvano /p\r.va.no/ masc.
a licence.
prsevo /p\r.se.vo/ masc.
perspiration.
prS{aI /p\r.stri/ fem. other
than one’s wife.
prSpr /p\.r\s.p\r/ advb.
1. mutually 2. reciprocally.
pr&t u/p\.r\n.tu/ advb. but.
pr&pra /p\.r\m.p\.ra/ fem.
a tradition.
pr&pragt /p\.r\m.p\.ra.g\t/
adj. traditional.
prakaQ5a /p\.ra.kaß.t˙a/
fem. 1. climax 2. extremity.
prak/m /p\.ra.kr\m/
neut. 1. an adventure 2. heroism.
prak/mI /p\.ra.kr\.mi/
adj. enterprising.
prajy /p\.ra.Ô\j/ masc. a
defeat.

pra8e /p\.ra.¯e/ advb. 1.
unwillingly 2. forcibly.
pra0In /p\.ra.d˙in/ adj.
dependent.
pram=R /p\.ra.m\r.ß\/
masc. contact.
prayu& /p\.ra.ju~/ adj. other’s
pir3 /p\.rig˙/ masc.
circumference.
pircy /p\.ri.c\j/ masc.
familiarity.
pircairka /p\.ri.ca.ri.ka/
fem. a maid-servant.
pirict /p\.ri.cit/ adj.
knowing.
pirC2ed /p\.ric.c˙ed/
masc. a paragraph.
pir8am /p\.ri.¯am/ neut.
1. result 2. outcome.
pir8It /p\.ri.¯it/ adj.
married.
pir0an /p\.ri.d˙an/ neut.
clothing.
pirpkv /p\.ri.p\k.v\/
adj. mature.
pirbX /p\.ri.b\�/ neut. 1.
force 2. a factor.
pir-aqa /p\.ri.b˙a.ßa/
fem. terminology.
pirml /p\.ri.m\l/ fem.
fragrance.
117
pirvtRn /p\.ri.v\r.t\n/
neut. a change.
pirvar /p\.ri.var/ neut. a
family.
piri=Q4 /p\.ri.ßiß.ˇ˙\/ adj.
an appendix.
pir=Iln /p\.ri.ßi.l\n/
neut. deep study.
pir[am /p\.ri.ßr\m/ masc.
hard work.
pirqd /p\.ri.ß\d/ fem. an
assembly.
piriS9it /p\.riß.t˙i.ti/ fem.
circumstances.
prI /p\.ri/ fem. a fairy.
prIxk /p\.rik.ß\k/ masc.
an examinar.
prIx8 /p\.rik.ß\¯/ neut.
a testing.
prIxa /p\.rik.ßa/ fem.
examination.
pru /p\.ru/ neut. pus.
pru& /p\.ru~/ neut. a suburban
area.
pre=an /p\.re.ßan/ adj.
perplexed.

prox /p\.rok.ß\/ adj.
indirect.
pro7 /p\.roÎ˙/ neut.
daybreak.
pro8o /p\.ro.¯o/ masc. a
guest.
propkar /p\.rop.kar/
masc. benevolence.
propkarI /p\.rop.ka.ri/
adj. benevolent.
provvu& /p\.rov.vu~/ v.tr. 1.
to thread a needle 2. to string beads.
pyaRPt /p\.ri.jap.t\/ adj.
sufficient.
pyuRq8 /p\r.ju.ß\¯/ neut.
a festival of the Jains.
plk /p\.l\k/ fem. a moment.
plk /p\.l\k/ fem. a
twinkling of the eye.
plkaro /p\l.ka.ro/ masc. a
twinkling.
pl48 /p\l.ˇ\¯/ fem. a
battalion.
pl4vu& /p\.l\ˇ.vu~/ v.tarns.
to change.
pl4o /p\l.ˇo/ masc. a big
change.
plXvu& /p\.l\Æ.vu~/ v.intr.
to be drenched.
pl&g /p\.l\˜g/ masc. a big
cot.
pla&5I /p\.la~.ˇ˙i/ fem. a
posture of sitting with crossed-legs.
plIt /p\.lit/ neut. an evil
spirit.
118
plo4vu& /p\.loˇ.vu~/ v.tr. to
train animals.
pvn /p\.v\n/ masc. wind.
piv{a /p\.vit.r\/ adj. sacred.
p=u /p\.ßu/ neut. a quadruped
animal.
p¾atap /p\ß.ca.tap/
masc. repentance.
pi¾m /p\ß.cim/ adj.
western.
pi¾m /p\ß.cim/ fem. the
west (direction).
ps&d /p\.s\nd/ fem. choice.
pStavu& /p\s.ta.vu~/ v.intr. to
repent.
pStI /p\s.ti/ fem. paper scrap.
pha6 /p\.haÎ/ masc. a
mountain.
pha8o /p\.ha.¯o/ masc. a
stone.
pher8 /p\.he.r\¯/ neut. a
kind of shirt.

phervu& /p\.her.vu~/ v.tr. to
wear.
pherve= /p\.her.veß/
masc. dress.
phero /p\.he.ro/ masc. a
watch.
phel /p\.hel/ fem. an
initiation.
phelvan /p\.hel.van/
masc. a wrestler.
phelu& /p\.he.lu~/ adj. first.
pho&c /p\.ha~c/ fem. a
receipt.
pho&c /p\.ha~c/ fem. a power
affecting a person, thing, or course of
events.
pho&cvu& /p\.ha~c.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to reach 2. to arrive.
phoXu& /p\.ho.Æu~/ adj. broad.
pho&cI /p\.ha~.ci/ fem.
wristler.
pho&co /p\.ha~.co/ masc. the
wrist.
pX /p\Æ/ fem. 1. aperiod of
twenty four second 2. a moment.
p&ikt /p\˜.ki/ fem. a line.
p&`I /p\˜.k˙i/ neut. a bird.
p&`o /p\˜.k˙o/ masc. a fan.
119
p&gt /p\˜.g\t/ fem. a row of
diners.
p&c /p\µ.c\/ neut. a arbitrator
(traditionally a body of five arbitrators).
p&ca8u& /p\µ.ca.¯u~/ adj.
ninty five.
p&cat /p\µ.cat/ fem. a body
of arbitrators.
p&cam

p&9 /p\n.t˙/ masc. 1. a road, 2.
a sect 3. a cult.
p&dr /p\n.d\r/ adj. fifteen.
p&paXvu& /p\m.paÆ.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to pat 2. to fondle.
pa /pa/ adj. one forth.
pak /pak/ masc. crop.
pak /pak/ masc. pus.
pakvu& /pak.vu~/ v.intr. to be
produced.
pakvu& /pak.vu~/ v.intr. to
ripen.
pakvu& /pak.vu~/ v.intr. the
formation of pus.
pak=aS{a /pak.ßaß.tr\/
neut. the science of cooking.
paku& /pa.ku~/ adj. ripened.
paku& /pa.ku~/ adj. properly
cooked.
paku& /pa.ku~/ adj. 1. skillful 2.
shrewd.
paixk /pak.ßik/ adj.
fortnightly.
pa`&6 /pa.k˙\¯Î/ neut.
deceit.
pa`&6I /pa.k˙\¯.Îi/ adj.
deceitful.
120
pagl /pa.g\l/ adj. 1. mad 2.
lunatic.
pa36I /fem./ fem. turban.
pa36I /fem./ fem. bribe.
pa36I /fem./ fem. an
illegal payment for having tenancy rights
of a house, place etc.
pacn /pa.c\n/ neut.
digestion.
pacn=ikt /pa.c\n.ß\k.ti/
fem. digestive
power.
pa2lu& /pac˙.lu~/ adj. 1.
former 2. later.
pa2X /pa.c˙\Æ/ postp.
behind.
pa2u& /pa.c˙u~/ adj. again.
pa@ /pa.Ôi/ adj. mean.
pa4 /paˇ/ masc. a plank of
wood.
pa4ngr /paˇ.n\.g\r/
neut. the capital of a country, state etc.
pa4lUn /paˇ.lun/ neut.
trousers.
pai4yu& /pa.ˇi.ju~/ neut. 1. a
board 2. a black-board.
pa4Idar /pa.ˇi.dar/ masc. a
name of a caste.

pa4u /pa.ˇu~/ neut. a kick.
pa5 /paˇ˙/ masc. a reading.
pa5 /paˇ˙/ masc. a
punishment.
pa5 /paˇ˙/ masc. a school
lesson.
pa5vvu& /pa.ˇ\v.vu~/ v.tr.
to send.
pa6vu& /paÎ.vu~/ v.tr. to
cause to fall.
pa6vu& /paÎ.vu~/ v.tr. to
draw.
pa6I /pa.Îi/ fem. a female calf
of a buffalo.
pa6u& /pa.Îu~/ neut. a calf of a
buffalo.
pa6o /pa.Îo/ masc. a male calf
of a buffalo.
pa6o= /pa.Îoß/ masc.
neighborhood.
pa6o=I /pa.Îo.ßi/ masc. a
neighbor.
pa6o=8 /pa.Îo.ß\¯/ fem.
a female neighbor.
pai8yaru& /pa.¯i.ja.ru~/ neut.
a water room in a house.
pa8I /pa.¯i/ neut. water.
pa8Icu& /pa.¯i.cu~/ neut.
discharge from a position of
employment:
pa8Idar /pa.¯i.dar/ adj.
sharp.
patXu& /pat.Æu~/ adj. thin.
pa9r8u& /pa.t˙\r.¯u~/ neut. a carpet.
padrI /pad.ri/ masc. a
Christian priest.
pan /pan/ neut. a leaf.
pan`r /pan.k˙\r/ fem.
the fall (season).
panI /pa.ni/ fem. the heel.
121
panu& /pa.nu~/ neut. 1. a leaf of a
book 2. a playing card.
panetr /pa.ne.t\r/ neut. a
wedding sari.
pap6 /pa.p\Î/ masc. a food
item.
pap6I /pap.Îi/ fem. a pod
of a kind of pulse.
papI /pa.pi/ adj. sinful.
pamr /pa.m\r/ adj.
miserable.
pamvu& /pam.vu~/ v.dat. to
gain.
payjamo /paj.Ôa.mo/ masc.
trousers.

paymal /paj.mal/ adj. 1.
ruined 2. destroyed.
payl /pa.j\l/ neut. a tinkling
anklet.
payo /pa.jo/ masc. a
foundation.
parku& /par.ku~/ adj. others’
par`vu& /pa.r\k˙.vu~/ v.tr.
to test.
par`u& /par.k˙u~/ neut. a test.
par8u& /par.¯u~/ neut. a
cradle.
par8u& /par.¯u~/ neut. a
dinner after completation of a fast.
pard=Rk /par.d\r.ß\k/
adj. transparent.
par3I /par.g˙i/ masc. a
hunter.
parsmi8 /pa.r\s.m\.¯i/
masc. a
mythological stone that turnn iron
into gold.
parsI /par.si/ masc. a name
of a community.
par&gt /pa.r\m.g\t/ adj.
expert.
paray8 /pa.ra.j\¯/ neut. a
recitation of a religious text.
pairjat /pa.ri.Ôat/ neut. a
kind of flower plant.
pairtoiqk /pa.ri.to.ßik/
neut. a prize.
parevu& /pa.re.vu~/ neut. a
pegion.
palk /pa.l\k/ adj. a
guardian.
pal`I /pal.k˙i/ fem. a
palanquin.
122
palvvu& /pa.l\v.vu~/ v.tr. to
rear.
palvvu& /pa.l\v.vu~/ v.exp.
to afford.
palo /pa.lo/ masc. green
foliage.
pavtI /pav.ti/ fem. a receipt.
pavr0u& /pa.v\r.d˙u~/ adj.
proficient.
pasu& /pa.su~/ neut. a side.
pase /pa.se/ postp. near.
paX /paÆ/ fem. an edge of a
water form.
paXvu& /paÆ.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
foster 2. to bring up.
paiXyo /pa.Æi.jo/ masc. a
memorial stone.
pa&` /pa~k˙/ fem. a wing.

pa&`6I /pa~k˙.Îi/ fem. a
petal.
pa&`u& /pa~.k˙u~/ adj. 1. not
dense 2. thinly catered.
pa&grvu& /pa~.g\r.vu~/ v.intr.
to blossom.
pa&c /pa~c/ adj. five.
pa&cm /pa~.c\m/ fem. the
fifth day of either of the fortnight of the
Hindu calander.
pa&jrapoX /pa~Ô.ra.poÆ/
fem. a charitable aylum for domestic
animals and birds.
pa&jru& /pa~Ô.ru~/ neut. a cage.
pa&{aIs /pa~t.ris/ adj. thirty
five.
pa&9I /pa~.t˙i/ fem. the line
caused by combed hair.
pa&d6I /pa~d.Îi/ fem. a small
tender leaf.
pa&p8 /pa~.p\¯/ fem. the eyelash.
pa&s5 /pa~.s\ˇ˙/ adj. sixty
five.
pa&sXI /pa~.s\.Æi/ fem. a rib.
ipckarI /pic.ka.ri/ fem. a
kind of water-gun.
ipta /pi.ta/ masc. the father.
ip]a /pit.t\/ neut. bile.
ip]aX /pit.t\Æ/ neut. brass.
ip{aa; /pit.rai/ masc. a
cousin.
iptra; /pi.t\.rai/ masc. a
cousin.
ippU6I /pi.pu.Îi/ fem. a
pipe-like whistle.
123
ipyr /pi.j\r/ neut. the paternal
house of a married woman.
ipyu /pi.ju/ masc. a lover.
ipLlu& /pil.lu~/ neut. a skein.
ip=ac /pi.ßac/ neut. ghost.
ipStaXIs /pis.ta.Æis/ adj.
forty-five.
ip&6I /pi¯.Îi/ fem. the calf of
the leg.
pIgXvu& /pi.g\Æ.vu~/ v.intr.
to melt.
pI2u& /pi.c˙u~/ neut. a feather.
pI2eh5 /pi.c˙e.h\ˇ˙/
fem. a retreat.
pI2o /pi.c˙o/ masc. a pursuit.
pI4vu& /piˇ.vu~/ v.tr. to beat
severely.
pI5 /piˇ˙/ fem. the back (of the
body).

pI5Ika /pi.ˇ˙i.ka/ fem. a
background.
pI5I /pi.ˇ˙i/ fem. fragrant
yellow mixture applied to the bodies of
the bridegroom and the bride.
pI6a /pi.Îa/ fem. pain.
pI8u& /pi.¯u~/ neut. drink.
pIp /pip/ neut. a barrel.
pIpX /pi.p\Æ/ fem. a kind of
tree.
pIpXo /pip.Æo/ fem. a kind of
tree.
pIrsvu& /pi.r\s.vu~/ v.tr. to
serve food (formal).
pIlvu& /pil.vu~/ v.tr. to crush.
pIlu& /pi.lu~/ neut. a baby
chicken.
pIvu& /pi.vu~/ v.tr. to drink.
pIsvu& /pis.vu~/ v.tr. to grind.
pIXa= /pi.Æaß/ fem.
yellowness.
pIXu& /pi.Æu~/ adj. yellow.
pI&`vu& /pi~k˙.vu~/ v.tr. to
ransack.
pI&jvu& /pi~µÔ.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
card 2. to comb 3. to lengthen a talk etc.
unduly.
pu~t /puk˙.t\/ adj. mature.
pu*y /pu¯.j\/ neut.
righteousness.
pu{a /put.r\/ masc. a son.
124
pu{av0U /put.r\.v\.d˙u/
fem. a son’s wife.
pU{aI /put.ri/ fem. a daughter.
punr\ /pu.n\r/ advb. again.
punravlokn /pun.rav.lo.k\n/
neut. a
revision.
puravtRn /pun.ra.v\r.t\n/
neut. a
repetition.
punrav

purv8I /pu.r\v.¯i/ fem. a
supplement.
purvar /pur.var/ adj.
proved.
purSktaR /pu.r\s.k\r.ta/
masc. an originator.
purSkar /pu.r\s.kar/
masc. a prize.
pura8 /pu.ra¯/ neut. Purana.
pura8u& /pu.ra.¯u~/ adj. 1.
ancient 2. old.
puratn /pu.ra.t\n/ adj.
ancient.
puravo /pu.ra.vo/ masc. 1. a
proof 2. an evidence 3. a testimony.
pura&t /pu.ra~nt/ fem. balance
(in account).
puruq /pu.ruß/ masc. 1. a
man 2. a husband.
puroiht /pu.ro.hit/ masc. a
family prist.
pulav /pu.lav/ masc. a food
item (made of rice).
puQkX /puß.k\�/ adj.
plentiful.
puQp /puß.p\/ neut. a flower.
puStk /pus.t\k/ neut. a
book.
puiStka /pus.ti.ka/ fem. a
booklet.
puiLl&g /pul.ling/ neut.
masculine.
pU2pr2 /puc˙.p\.r\c˙/
fem. a verbal
inquiry.
125
pU2vu& /puc˙.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
ask 2. to inquire.
pUjvu& /puÔ.vu~/ v.tr. to
worship.
pUja /pu.Ôa/ fem. worship.
pUjapo /pu.Ôa.po/ masc.
articles of worship.
pUjar8 /pu.Ôa.r\¯/ fem.
a female worshiper.
pUjarI /pu.Ôa.ri/ masc. a
male worshiper.
pUjy /puÔ.j\/ adj. worth
worshiping (lit. meaning). Used to
address
the elders in letter writing.
pU5 /puˇ˙/ fem. the back.
pUtXI /put.Æi/ fem. 1. a doll
2. the pupil of the eye.
pUrk /pu.r\k/ adj.
supplementary.
pUrtu& /pur.tu~/ adj.
sufficient.

pUrpa4 /pur.paˇ/ advb.
at full speed.
pUrvu& /pur.vu~/ v.tr. to fill
up air etc.
pUrI /pu.ri/ fem. a food item.
pUru& /pu.ru~/ adj. complete.
pUrepUru& /pu.re.pu.ru~/ adj.
absolutely complete.
pU8R /pur.¯\/ adj. complete.
pU8Rivram /pur.¯\.vi.ram/
neut. a full-stop.
pU8aR&k /pur.¯a~k/ masc. an
integer.
pUi8Rma /pur.¯i.ma/ fem. a
full moon day.
pUvR /pur.v\/ adj. east.
pUvRg/h /pur.v\.gr\.h\/
masc. prejudice.
pUvRj /pur.v\Ô/ masc. an
ancestor.
pUvRjNm /pur.v\.Ô\n.m\/
masc. a previous
birth.
pUvRpx /pur.v\.p\k.ß\/
masc. an initail argument.
pUvaRpr /pur.va.p\r/
adj. contextual.
126
pUXo /pu.Æo/ masc. a bundle of
grass.
pU&26u& /pu~c˙.Îu~/ neut. a
tail.
pU&@ /pu~.Ôi/ fem. wealth.
pU&jo /pu~.Ôo/ masc. dirt.
p

pe&6o /pe¯.Îo/ masc. a kind of
sweet.
pe&tro /p´~t.ro/ masc. a
stratagem.
pE6u& /p\i.Îu~/ neut. a wheel.
pEsadar /p\i.sa.dar/ adj.
rich.
pEso /p\i.so/ masc. 1. money
2. a one paisa coin.
pok /pok/ fem. a lod cry of
wailing.
pokX /po.k\Æ/ adj. hollow.
pokar /po.kar/ masc. a loud
cry.
pocu& /po.cu~/ adj. soft.
po4lI /poˇ.li/ fem. a small
bundle.
po5 /poˇ˙/ fem. a caravan.
po7vu& /poÎ˙.vu~/ v.intr. to
sleep (literary, formal).
po8u& /po.¯u~/ adj. equal to
three quarters.
po8oso /po.¯o.so/ adj. 3/4 th
of hundred.
pot /pot/ neut. texture.
potu& /po.tu~/ neut. a wet piece of
cloth used for cleaning various surfaces.
pote /po.te/ pron. self.
127
po9I /po.t˙i/ fem. an unbound
book.
podXo /pod.Æo/ masc. a lump
of fresh dung.
popcu& /pop.cu~/ neut. the
eye-lid.
pop4 /po.p\ˇ/ masc. a
parrot.
pop6o /pop.Îo/ masc. a thin
crust.
poy8u& /poj.¯u~/ neut. a white
lotus.
polad /po.lad/ neut. steel.
polu& /po.lu~/ adj. hollow.
po=ak /po.ßak/ masc.
apparel.
poq /poß/ masc. the third
month of the Vikram samvat.
poqk /po.ß\k/ adj. nutritive.
poq8 /po.ß\¯/ neut. 1.
nourishment 2. nutrition.
poX /poÆ/ fem. a street
(originally with a gate).
po&k /pø~k/ masc. roasted green
grains of ceratin corns such as wheat,
etc.

po&`vu& /pø~k˙.vu~/ v.tr. the
formal ritual of receiving bride and
bridegroom.
pO{a /p\ut.r\/ masc. a
grandson.
pO{aI /p\ut.ri/ fem. a
granddaughter.
pOrai8k /p\u.ra.¯ik/ adj.
related to the Puranas.
pOiQ4k /p\uß.ˇik/ adj.
nutritious.
pOAa /p\u.a/ masc. a kind of
rice flake.
p/k4 /pr\.k\ˇ/ adj. open.
p/kr8 /pr\k.r\¯/ neut.
1. a chapter 2. a subject.
p/kar /pr\.kar/ masc. 1. sort
2. kind.
p/ka= /pr\.kaß/ masc. light.
p/ka=vu& /pr\.kaß.vu~/
v.intr. 1. to shine 2. to glow.
p/k

p/t /pr\t/ fem. a copy of a
book.
p/it /pr\.ti/ postp. towards.
p/itkar /pr\.ti.kar/ masc.
resistance.
p/itkaVy /pr\.ti.kav.j\/
neut. a parody.
p/itkUX /pr\.ti.kuÆ/ adj.
unsuitable.
p/itik/ya /pr\.ti.kri.ja/ fem.
reaction.
p/it3oq /pr\.ti.g˙oß/
masc. an echo.
p/it}aa /pr\.tig.na/ fem. 1. a
vow 2. a promise.
p/it)vin /pr\.ti.d˙v\.ni/
masc. an echo.
p/itini0 /pr\.ti.ni.d˙i/
masc. a representative.
p/itpx /pr\.ti.p\k.ß\/
masc. an opposite argument.
p/itb&0 /pr\.ti.b\n.d˙\/
masc. 1. prohibition 2. restriction.
p/itib&b /pr\.ti.bim.b\/
neut. a reflection.
p/it-a /pr\.ti.b˙a/ fem.
natural or extraordinary mental faculty.
p/itro0 /pr\.ti.rod˙/
masc. resistance.
129
p/itvad /pr\.ti.vad/ masc.
refutation.
p/itQ5a /pr\.tiß.ˇ˙a/ fem.
reputation.
p/itSp0IR /pr\.ti.sp\r.d˙i/
masc. a rival.
p/ithar /pr\.ti.har/ masc.
a gate-keeper.
p/tIk /pr\.tik/ neut. a
symbol.
p/tIxa /pr\.tik.ßa/ fem. a
waiting for.
p/tIit /pr\.ti.ti/ fem.
conviction.
p/Tyx /pr\.tj\k.ß\/ adj. 1.
visible 2. the knowledge gain through
senses.
p/Tyy /pr\.tj\.j\/ masc. an
affix.
p/Ty&Cya /pr\.tj\n.ca/ fem.
the string of a bow.
p/Tyagmn /pr\t.ja.g\.m\n/
neut. a return.
p/Tyu]ar /pr\t.u.tt\r/ masc. 1. a reply 2. a
rejoinder.
p/Tye /pr\t.je/ postp. 1. at 2.
towards.
p/Tyek /pr\t.jek/ adj. every
one.

p/9m /pr\.t˙\m/ adj. 1.
first 2. fundamental 3. initial.
p/9ma /pr\.t˙\.ma/ fem. a
nominative case.
p/9a /pr\.t˙a/ fem. 1. a custom
2. a tradition.
p/dix8a /pr\.d\k.ßi.¯a/
fem. moving circular (left to right)
motion round a person or thing as a part
of a religious ritual.
p/d=Rk /pr\.d\r.ß\k/
masc. exhibitor.
p/d=Rn /pr\.d\r.ß\n/
neut. exhibition.
p/dan /pr\.dan/ neut.
contribution.
p/de= /pr\.deß/ masc. 1. a
region 2. territory.
p/doq /pr\.doß/ masc. dusk.
p/0an /pr\.d˙n/ masc.
minister.
p/p&c /pr\.p\µc/ masc.
deceit.
p/bX /pr\.b\Æ/ adj. very
strong.
p/-at /pr\.b˙at/ neut.
dawn.
p/-aityu& /pr\.b˙a.ti.ju~/
neut. a devotional song that sung at
dawn.
130
p/-av /pr\.b˙av/ masc. 1.
effectiveness 2. influence.
p/-u /pr\.b˙u/ masc. god.
p/-u]v /pr\.b˙ut.v\/
neut. mastery.
p/m]a /pr\.m\t.t\/ adj.
excited.
p/ma8 /pr\.ma¯/ neut. 1.
norm 2. standard 3. proof (in logic).
p/ma8-Ut /pr\.ma¯.b˙ut/
adj. reliable.
p/mai8k /pr\.ma.¯ik/
adj. honesty.
p/mad /pr\.mad/ masc.
laziness.
p/mu` /pr\.muk˙/ masc.
1. chief 2. president.
p/mey /pr\.me.j\/ masc. a
theorem.
p/yTn /pr\.j\t.n\/ masc. an
effort.
p/ya8 /pr\.ja¯/ neut. a
departure.
p/yas /pr\.jas/ masc. an
effort.
p/yog /pr\.jog/ masc. 1. an
experiment 2. a trial.

p/yojk /pr\.jo.Ô\k/ masc.
an organizer.
p/ly /pr\.l\j/ masc.
destruction of the creation by a deluge.
p/lap /pr\.lap/ masc. 1.
lamentation 2. prattle.
p/lo-n /pr\.lo.b˙\n/
neut. a temptation.
p/vcn /pr\.v\.c\n/ neut.
a lecture.
p/vah /pre.vah/ masc. 1. a
flow 2. a current.
p/vahI /pr\.va.hi/ fem.
liquid.
p/vahI /pr\.va.hi/ adj.
liquid.
p/vI8 /pr\.vi¯/ adj. expert.
p/v

p/acIn /pra.cin/ adj.
ancient.
p/a8 /pr\¯/ masc. breath.
p/a8I /pra.¯i/ neut. an animal.
p/a9imk /prat˙.mik/ adj.
primary.
p/adei=k /pra.de.ßik/ adj.
1. regional 2. territorial.
p/a0aNy /pra.d˙an.j\/ neut.
priority.
p/a)yapk /pra.d˙ja.p\k/
masc. a professor.
p/ayi¾t /pra.j\ß.cit/ neut.
repentance.
p/ayoigk /pra.jo.gik/ adj.
experimental.
p/arB0 /pra.r\b.d˙\/ neut.
1. fate 2. destiny.
p/as /pras/ masc. rhyming.
p/as&igk /pra.s\m.gik/
adj. 1. unusual 2. incidental.
p/a&t /prant/ masc. a province.
ip/y /pri.j\/ adj. 1. dear 2.
beloved.
p/It /prit/ fem. 1. love 2.
affection.
132
p/exk /prek.ß\k/ masc. 1.
an onlooker 2. a member in audience 3. a
spectator.
p/et /pret/ neut. a ghost.
p/em /prem/ masc. love.
p/erk /pre.r\k/ adj. 1.
inspiring 2. causal (form).
p/er8a /pre.r\.¯a/ fem.
inspiration.
p/ervu& /prer.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
inspire 2. to encourage.
p/oTsahn /prot.sa.h\n/
neut. encouragement.
p/O7 /pr\uÎ˙/ adj. mature.
fkro /p˙\k.ro/ masc. a
paragraph.
fkIr /p˙\.kir/ masc. a
Muslim ascetic.
fkIrI /p˙\.ki.ri/ fem.
saintly life.
fKt /p˙\k.t\/ advb. only.
f
fgavvu& /p˙\.gav.vu~/ v.tr.
to reject (little rudely).
fjetI /p˙\.Ôe.ti/ fem.
disgrace.
f4 /p˙\ˇ/ advb. `shame shame’

f4k6I /p˙\.ˇ\k.Îi/ fem.
alum.
f4kvu& /p˙\.ˇ\k.vu~/ v.intr.
to go astray.
f4karvu& /p˙\ˇ.kar.vu~/
v.tr. 1. to beat 2. to give a blow 3. to hit
(a ball).
f4kIyu& /p˙\.ˇ\k.(i).ju~/ adj.
easily breakable.
f4ko /p˙\ˇ.ko/ masc. loss
(in business).
f4ko /p˙\ˇ.ko/ masc. a
young beautiful girl. (slang).
f4ak6o /p˙\.ˇak.Îo/ masc.
a fire-cracker.
f4a8u& /p˙\.ˇa.¯u~/ neut. an
abusive marriage song.
f6k /p˙\.Î\k/ fem. a flap
of a garment.
f6ko /p˙\Î.ko/ masc.
sudden terror.
f6co /p˙\Î.co/ masc. 1.
disposal 2. liquidation of debts.
f4af4 /p˙\.ˇa.p˙\ˇ/ advb.
non-stop.
f8go /p˙\¯.go/ masc. a
shoot (of a plant, etc.).
f8s /p˙\.¯\s/ neut. a kind of fruit.
f8sI /p˙\¯.si/ fem. a kind of vegetable
pod.
ftvo /p˙\t.vo/ masc. a religious
command (in Islam).
133
fteh /p˙\.teh/ fem. victory.
ffXtu& /p˙\.p˙\Æ.tu~/ adj.
boiling.
frk /p˙\.r\k/ masc.
difference.
frkvu& /p˙\.r\k.vu~/
v.intr. to flutter.
frj /p˙\.r\Ô/ fem. duty.
frijyat /p˙\r.Ôi.jat/ adj.
compulsory.
frtaram /p˙\r.ta.ram/
masc. a wandering man.
frtu& /p˙\r.tu~/ adj.
surrounding.
frfiryu& /p˙\r.p˙\r.(i).ju~/
neut. a pamphlet.
frman /p˙\r.man/ neut.
an order.
frvu& /p˙\r.vu~/ v.intr. to
move.
frsa8 /p˙\r.sa¯/ neut.
fried tasty food items.
frak /p˙\.rak/ neut. a
frock.

fraX /p˙\.raÆ/ masc. light
food taken while fasting.
firyad /p˙\.ri.jad/ fem. a
complain.
firyadI /p˙\.ri.ja.di/
masc. a complainant.
frI /p˙\.ri/ advb. again.
fla8u& /p˙\.la.¯u~/ neut. 1.
some one 2. some thing.
flahar /p˙\.la.har/ masc.
fruit diet.
fskvu& /p˙\.s\k.vu~/
v.intr. to burst down with the sound of
tearing.
fsavu& /p˙\.sa.vu~/ v.intr. to
entrapped.
fX /p˙\Æ/ neut. a fruit.
fXdayk /p˙\Æ.da.j\k/
adj. fruitful.
fXvu& /p˙\Æ.vu~/ v.exp. 1. to
bear fruit 2. to be benefitted.
fXaw /p˙\.Æa.u~/ adj. fruit
bearing (plants, trees etc).
fiXyu& /p˙\.Æi.ju~/ neut. a
street.
f&goXvu& /p˙\˜.goÆ.vu~/
v.tr.
to throw.
f&4avu& /p˙\¯.ˇa.vu~/ v.intr. to
change direction.
f&6 /p˙\nÎ/ masc. fund.
134
f&fosvu& /p˙\m.p˙os.vu~/
v.tr. to search minutely.
fakvu& /p˙\k.vu~/ v.tr. to
have a mouthful of a powdery thing.
fakI /p˙a.ki/ fem. powdered
medicine.
fako /p˙a.ko/ masc. an act of
placing a mouthful of a powdery thing.
fag8 /p˙a.g\¯/ masc. the
fifth month of the Vikram year.
facr /p˙a.c\r/ fem. a wage.
fajl /p˙a.Ô\l/ adj. surplus.
fa4 /p˙aˇ/ fem. a splitting.
fa4k /p˙a.ˇ\k/ neut. a
railway crossing.
fa4fU4 /p˙aˇ.p˙uˇ/ fem.
disunity.
fa4vu& /p˙aˇ.vu~/ v.intr. to be
torn.
fa6 /p˙aÎ/ fem. a splitting.
fat6o /p˙at.Îo/ masc. a
eunuch.
fans /p˙a.n\s/ fem. a
lantern.
faydakark /p˙a.j\.da.ka.r\k/
adj. beneficial.

faydo /p˙aj.do/ masc.
benefit.
fargtI /p˙ar.g\.ti/ fem.
a divorce.
fars /p˙a.r\s/ neut. a farce.
fal /p˙al/ masc. crop.
faltu& /p˙al.tu~/ adj.
unnecessary.
falvu& /p˙al.vu~/ v.intr. to
bloom.
fav4 /p˙a.v\ˇ/ fem.
adaptability.
favvu& /p˙av.vu~/ v.exp. 1. to
suit 2. to succeed.
faXv8I /p˙a.Æ\v.¯i/ fem.
1. distribution 2. allotment.
faiXyu& /p˙a.Æi.ju~/ neut. a
turban.
faXo /p˙a.Æo/ masc. an allotted
share.
fa&k6u& /p˙a~k.Îu~/ adj.
praiseworthy.
fa&ko /p˙a~.ko/ masc. vain pride.
fa&4o /p˙a~.ˇo/ masc. 1. a branch
2. a diverging part.
fa&d /p˙a/ fem. a pot-belly.
fa&fa& /p˙a~.p˙a~/ masc. vain
efforts.
fa&s /p˙a~s/ fem. a splinter.
fa&sI /p˙a~.si/ fem. gallows.
fa&sIgr /p˙a~.si.g\r/
masc. an executioner.
fa&so /p˙a~.so/ masc. noose.
135
ifkr /p˙i.k\r/ fem. anxiety.
ifKku&/p˙ik.ku~/ adj. pale.
if4kar /p˙iˇ.kar/ masc.
hatred.
iflsUf /p˙il.sup˙/
masc. a philosopher.
iflsUfI /p˙il.su.p˙i/
fem. philosophy.
fI8 /p˙i¯/ neut. foam.
fI8vu& /p˙i¯.vu~/ v.tr. to
froth.
fIfu& /p˙i.p˙u~/ neut. 1. a husk
2. an empty pod.
fugavo /p˙u.ga.vo/ masc.
inflation.
fuTkarvu& /p˙ut.kar.vu~/
v.tr. to hiss.
fudIno /p˙u.di.no/ masc.
mint.
fursd /p˙ur.s\d/ fem.
leisure.

fuleku& /p˙u.le.ku~/ neut. a
marriage procession.
fuvaro /p˙u.va.ro/ masc. a
fountain.
fUg /p˙ug/ fem. mould.
fUgvu& /p˙ug.vu~/ v.intr. to
become moldy.
fU4vu& /p˙ut.vu~/ v.intr. to
break with a loud sound.
fUdu& /p˙u.du~/ neut. a
butterfly.
fUmtu& /p˙um.tu~/ neut. a
tassel.
fUl /p˙ul/ neut. a flower.
fUl8@ /p˙u.l\¯.Ôi/ adj.
vain and boastful because of praise.
fUlf4ak /p˙ul.p˙\.ˇak/
adj. foppish.
fUlvvu& /p˙u.l\v.vu~/
v.tr. to cause to swell
fUlvu& /p˙ul.vu~/ v.intr. . to
swell 2. to blossom.
fU&k /p˙u~k/ fem. a puff.
fU&kvu& /p˙u~k.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
blow 2. to puff.
fe8 /p˙e¯/ fem. a serpent’s hood.
fefsu& /p˙ep˙.su~/ neut. a
lung.
fer /p˙er/ masc. difference.
fer /p˙er/ masc. vertigo.
136
ferIyo /p˙e.ri.jo/ masc. 1. a
hawker 2. a peddler.
ferI /p˙e.ri/ fem. 1. a turn 2. a
trip.
fero /p˙e.ro/ masc. 1. a turn 2.
a trip.
felavu& /p˙e.la.vu~/ v.intr. to
spread.
felavo /p˙e.la.vo/ masc.
circulation.
fe&kvu& /p˙´~k.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
throw 2. to hurl.
fe&4o /p˙´~.ˇo/ masc. a kind of
turban.
fe&dvu& /p˙´~d.vu~/ v.tr. to
search.
fe&slo /p˙´~s.lo/ masc.
disposal.
fo: /p˙oi/ fem. father’s sister.
fok /p˙ok/ adj. meaningless.
foj /p˙oÔ/ fem. army.
fo6vu& /p˙oÎ.vu~/ v.tr. to
break
violently.
fotrI /p˙ot.ri/ fem. husk.

foru& /p˙o.ru~/ neut. a drop.
folvu& /p˙ol.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
peel
2. to husk.
foLlI /p˙ol.li/ fem. a skin
boil.
foslavvu& /p˙os.lav.vu~/
v.tr. to coax.
b
bk bk /b\k b\k/ neut. a
prattle.
bkrI /b\k.ri/ fem. a female
goat.
bkru& /b\k.ru~/ neut. a goat.
bkro /b\k.ro/ masc. a male
goat.
bkvu& /b\k.vu~/ v.intr. to
prattle.
bixs /b\k.ßiß/ fem. a
gift.
b`tr /b\k˙.t\r/ neut. an
armor.
bi`yo /b\.k˙i.jo/ masc. a
stitch.
b`e6o /b\.k˙e.Îo/ masc. a
quarrel.
b`ol /b\.k˙ol/ fem. a cavelike
hollow.
137
bg6vu& /b\.g\Î.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to be spoiled 2. to be polluted.
bg6o /b\g.Îo/ masc. the
symbol for 2.
bgl /b\.g\l/ fem. the
armpit.
bga6 /b\.gaÎ/ masc.
wastage.
bga6vu& /b\.gaÎ.vu~/ v.tr.
to waste.
bgasu& /b\.ga.su~/ neut. a
yawn.
bgIco /b\.gi.co/ masc. a
garden.
bcku& /b\c.ku~/ neut. a bite.
bct /b\.c\t/ fem. a saving.
bcp8 /b\c.p\¯/ neut.
childhood.
bcvu& /b\c.vu~/ v.intr. to be
saved.
bcav /b\.cav/ masc. a
protection, a defense.
bCcu& /b\c.cu~/ neut. a child.
bjar /b\.Ôar/ neut. market.
bza6vu& /b\.Ô˙aÎ.vu~/ v.tr.
to thrust upon skillfully.

4ako /b\.ˇa.ko/ masc. a
potato.
b6b6vu& /b\Î.b\Î.vu~/
v.intr. to prattle.
b6a: /b\.Îai/ fem. boasting.
b6a= /b\.Îaß/ fem. boasting.
b8gu& /b\¯.gu~/ neut. 1. selfpraise,
2. boasting.
btk /b\.t\k/ neut. a duck.
btavvu& /b\.tav.vu~/ v.tr. 1.
to show, 2. to guide.
b]aI /b\t.ti/ fem. a lamp.
b{aIs /b\t.ris/ adj. thirty
two, 32.
bdn /b\.d\n/ neut. the
body.
bdnxI /b\d.n\k.ßi/ fem.
defamation.
bdnam /b\d.nam/ adj.
notorious.
bdbu /b\d.bu/ fem. bad
smell.
bdma= /b\d.maß/ adj.
wicked.
bdlo /b\d.lo/ masc. an
exchange.
bdsUrt /b\d.su.r\t/
adj. ugly (face).
bdam /b\.dam/ fem. an
almond.
bdI /b\.di/ fem. viciousness,
corruption.
b0u& /b\.d˙u~/ adj. all, whole,
entire, total.
bnvu& /b\n.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to
become, 2. to take shape.
bnav /b\.nav/ masc. an
event.
138
bnav4 /b\.na.v\ˇ/ fem. 1.
construction, 2. cheating.
bnevI /b\.ne.vi/ masc.
sister’s husband.
bNne /b\n.ne/ adj. both.
bpor /b\.por/ fem. noon,
mid-day.
bfaro /b\.p˙a.ro/ masc.
sultry weather.
bbUck /b\.bu.c\k/ adj.
stupid.
bm8u& /b\m.¯u~/ adj.
double.
byan /b\.jan/ neut. 1.
description, 2. narration.
brkt /b\r.k\t/ fem. 1.
profit, 2. benefit.
br24 /b\r.c˙\ˇ/ adj.
rough.

6o /b\r.Îo/ masc. the
back.
br8I /b\r.¯i/ fem. a jar.
brf /b\.r\p˙/ masc. 1. ice,
2. snow.
brfI /b\r.p˙i/ fem. a kind
of sweet.
brbad /b\r.bad/ adj.
ruined.
brabr /b\.ra.b\r/ adj. 1.
equal, 2. similar, 3. right, 4. proper.
brobr /b\.ro.b\r/ adj. 1.
equal, 2. similar, 3. right, 4. proper
broX /b\.roÆ/ fem. the
spleen.
blke /b\l.ke/ advb. not only
that.
bla /b\.la/ fem. 1. a ghost, 2. a
person who harasses like a ghost.
bil /b\.li/ masc. offering to a
deity.
bs /b\s/ advb. enough.
bs /b\s/ fem. bus.
bhadUr /b\.ha.dur/ adj.
brave.
bhanu& /b\.ha.nu~/ neut. an
excuse.
bhar /b\.har/ postp.
outside.
139
bihQkar /b\.hiß.kar/
masc. 1. rejection, 2. excommunication,
3. boycott.
bhu /b\.hu~/ adj. 1. many, 2.
much.
bhucra /b\.hu.c\.ra/ fem.
a goddess of that name.
bhumit /b\.hu.m\.ti/ fem.
majority.
bhu£pI /b\.hu.ru.pi/
adj. assuming various forms with an
intention to hide an original one.
bhu£pI /b\.hu.ru.pi/
masc. 1.a person who assumes various
forms with an intention to hide his/ her
original one. 2. a person who assume
various forms to entertain people.
bhu&vcn /b\.hu~.v\.c\n/
neut. plural.
bhen /b\.hen/ fem. sister.
bheru& /b\.he.ru~/ adj. deaf.
bhera= /b\.he.raß/ fem.
deafness.
bX /b\Æ/ nuet.1.power, 2.
strength.
bXt8 /b\Æ.t\¯/ neut.
fuel.
bXtra /b\.�\.t\.ra/ fem.
pain caused by burning.

Xd /b\.Æ\d/ masc. 1. oxen,
2. bullock 3. an idiot.
bXva`or /b\Æ.va.k˙or/
adj. rebellious.
bXvu& /b\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. to burn.
bXvo /b\Æ.vo/ masc. revolt.
bXaTkar /b\.Æat.kar/ masc.
a rape.
biXya /b\.Æi.ja/ masc. hon.
small-pox.
biXyu& /b\.Æi.ju~/ adj. strong.
bXev /b\.Æev/ fem. a festival.
b&g6I /b\˜.gÎi/ fem. a
bangle.
b&6I /b\˜.Îi/ fem. a waistcoat.
b&dr /b\n.d\r/ neut. 1. a
port, 2. a harbor.
b&dUk /b\n.duk/ fem. a gun.
b&dUk6I /b\n.duk.Îi/ fem.
a small gun.
b&dobSt /b\n.do.b\s.t\/
masc. arrangement.
b&0 /b\n.d˙\/ adj. closed.
b&0 /b\n.d˙\/ masc. a dam.
b&0n /b\n.d˙\n/ neut. 1.
prohibition, 2. captivity.
b&0bestu& /b\nd˙.bes.tu~/
adj. suitable.
140
b&0besvu& /b\nd˙.bes.vu~/
v.intr. to be fitting.
b&0ar8 /b\n.d˙a.r\¯/
neut. 1. constitution 2. construction.
b&0ar8Iy /b\n.d˙a.r\.¯ij/
adj. constitutional.
b&i0yar /b\n.d˙i.jar/ adj.
1. unventilated, 2. stagnant.
b&0I /b\n.d˙i/ fem.
prohibition.
b&0u /b\n.d˙u/ masc. 1.
brother, 2. a co-worker.
b&ba`anu& /b\m.ba.k˙a.nu~/
neut. a fire-brigade
station.
b&bavaXo /b\m.ba.va.Æo/
masc. a fireman.
b&bo /b\m.bo/ masc. a fire
engine.
b&srI /b\ns.ri/ fem. a flute.
b&sI /b\ns.ri/ fem. a flute.
ba /ba/ fem. mother.
ba: /ba.i/ fem. a maid-servant.
bakI /ba.ki/ adj. 1. residua, 2.
balance, 3. surplus, 4. wanting.

a`6vu& /ba.k˙\Î.vu~/
v.intr. to quarrel.
bag /bag/ masc. a garden.
ba3u& /ba.g˙u~/ adj. idiotic.
baj /baÔ/ masc. a hawk.
baj5 /ba.Ô\ˇ˙/ masc. a footstool.
bajrI /baÔ.ri/ fem. millet.
ba@ /ba.Ôi/ fem. a game.
ba@gr /ba.Ôi.g\r/ masc. a
juggler.
bazvu& /ba.Ô˙.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to
embrace, 2. to quarrel.
ba4lI /baˇ.li/ fem. a bottle.
ba8 /ba¯/ neut. an arrow.
ba8avXI /ba.¯a.v\.Æi/
masc. an expert archer.
batl /ba.t\l/ adj. cancelled.
bap /bap/ masc. father.
bap6u& /bap.Îu~/ adj.
extremely helpless.
bapdada /bap.da.da/ masc.
pl. forefathers.
bafvu& /bap˙.vu~/ v.tr. to
cook by boiling.
babt /ba.b\t/ fem. an issue.
141
babaga6I /ba.ba.ga.Îi/
fem. a hand-driven vehicle for children.
babo /ba.bo/ masc. 1. a son, 2.
a boy.
bar /bar/ adj. 1. twelve, 2. 12.
bar8u& /bar.¯u~/ neut. a door.
barmu& /bar.mu~/ adj. twelfth.
barmu& /bar.mu~/ neut. a
religious rite performed on the twelfth
day after a person’s death.
bar= / bars /ba.r\ß, ba.r\s/
fem. twelfth day
of either of the fortnights.
barsa` /bar.sak˙/ fem. frame of a door.
bara`6I /ba.ra.k˙\.Îi/ fem. a series of
simple syllables organized in a particular
order.
baraxrI /ba.ra.kß\.ri/ fem. a series of
simple syllables organized in a particular
order.
barI /ba.ri/ fem. a window.
baru& /ba.ru~/ neut. an entrance.
barEya /ba.r\i.ja/ masc. a community sonamed.
baro4 /ba.roˇ/ masc. a community sonamed.
barobar /ba.ro.bar/ advb. directly.

aldI /bal.di/ fem. a bucket.
bav6u& /bav.Îu~/ neut. the upper arm.
bavn /ba.v\n/ adj. 1. fifty two, 2. 52.
bavlu& /bav.lu~/ neut. a statue.
bavX /ba.v\Æ/ masc. a kind of thorny
tree.
bavI /ba.vi/ fem. a female mendicant.
bavIs /ba.vis/ adj. twenty two, 22.
bavu& /ba.vu~/ neut. a cobweb.
bavo /ba.vo/ masc. a mendicant.
bas5 /ba.s\ˇ˙/ adj. sixty six.
basmtI /bas.m\.ti/ masc. a kind of rice.
basUdI /ba.su.di/ fem. a kind of sweet.
baho= /ba.hoß/ adj. skilful.
baXk /ba.�\k/ neut. a child.
baXp8 /baÆ.p\¯/ neut. a childhood.
baXpo9I /baÆ.po.t˙i/ fem.
a primer.
baXbo0 /baÆ.bod˙/ adj.
a variety of Devanagari script.
baXm&idr /baÆ.m\n.dir/
neut. a nursery.
baXlGn /baÆ.l\g.n\/ neut.
a child-marriage.
142
baXvu& /baÆ.vu~/ v.tr. to burn.
ba&k6o /ba~k.Îo/ masc. a
bench.
ba&0vu& /ba~d˙.vu~/ v.tr. 1.to
tie 2. to wrap.
ba&0o /ba~.d˙o/ masc. a
physical construction.
ba&y /ba~j/ fem. a sleeve.
ba&y0rI /ba~j.d˙\.ri/ fem.
security.
ibcaru& /bi.ca.ru~/ adj. poor.
ib2anu& /bi.c˙a.nu~/ neut. 1. a
bed. 2. a mattress.
bI2avvu& /bi.c˙av.vu~/
v.tr. to spread.
ibnAnu-vI /bin.\.nu.b˙\.vi/
adj.
inexperienced.
ibnj£rI /bin.Ô\.ru.ri/
adj. unnecessary.
ibn=rtI /bin.ß\r.ti/ adj.
unconditional.
iblkul /bil.kul/ advb. 1.
wholly, 2. in the least.
ibla6I /bi.la.Îi/ fem. a cat
(female).
ibla6o /bi.la.Îo/ masc. a cat
(male).

ibLlo /bil.lo/ masc. 1. a badge,
2. a medal.
ibv6avvu& /biv.Îav.vu~/
v.tr. to frighten.
ibham8u& /bi.ha.m\¯u~/
adj. frightful.
ib&dI /bin.di/ fem. an
ornamental dot on the forehead.
ib&du /bin.du/ neut. a drop.
ib&b /bimb/ neut. a reflection.
bI /bi/ neut. a seed.
bIk /bik/ fem. fear.
bIcaru& /bi.ca.ru~/ adj. 1. poor,
2. helpless.
bIj /biÔ/ neut. a seed.
bIj /biÔ/ fem. a second day of
either of the fortnight of a lunar month.
bIjvr /biÔ.v\r/ masc. a
man marrying for the seond time.
bIju& /bi.Ôu~/ adj. 1. second, 2.
another.
bI6vu& /biÎ.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
close (envelop etc.), 2. to wrap.
bI6I /bi.Îi/ fem. a kind of
cigar.
bIna /bi.na/ fem. . fact.
143
bIbI /bi.bi/ fem. wife (mainly
in Muslim dialect).
bIbu& /bi.bu~/ neut. 1. a die, 2. a
printing block.
bI-Ts /bi.b˙\t.s\/ adj.
disgusting.
bImar /bi.mar/ adj. sick
bImarI /bi.ma.ri/ fem.
sickness.
bIvu& /bi.vu~/ v.intr. to fear.
bu5\5u& /buˇ˙.ˇ˙u~/ adj. blunt.
bu69l /buŒ.t˙\l/ adj.
idiotic.
bu6vu& /buÎ.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to
sink, 2. to drown
bui)0 /bud˙.d˙i/ fem.
intelligence.
bu0var /bud˙.var/ masc.
Wednesday.
bumra8 /bum.ra¯/ fem.
loud shouts.
bur`o /bur.k˙o/ masc. a
mask.
bulbul /bul.bul/ neut. a
nightingale.
bul&d /bu.l\nd/ adj. 1.
grand, 2. loud and deep sound.
bu&d /bund/ neut. a drop.

U /bu:/ fem. odor.
bUc /buc/ masc. a cork.
bUcu& /bu.cu~/ adj. a flat-nosed.
bU4 /buˇ/ fem. ear-lobe.
bUm /bum/ fem. a shout.
bUmlu& /bum.lu~/ neut. a
kind of fish.
be /be/ adj. two.
beAab£ /be.ab.ru/ fem.
disgrace.
be:man /be.i.man/ adj.
dishonest.
bew /beu/ adj. both.
bekI /be.ki/ adj. an even
number.
bè br /be.k˙\.b\r/ adj.
ignorant.
begm /be.g\m/ fem. a
queen (Muslim).
becen /be.cen/ adj. restless.
becenI /be.ce.ni/ fem.
restlessness.
be4 /beˇ/ masc. an island.
be4I /be.ˇi/ fem. a daughter.
be4o /be.ˇo/ masc. a son.
be5k /be.ˇ˙\k/ fem. a seat.
be5a6u& /be.ˇ˙a.Îu~/ adj.
inactive (life).
be6I /be.Îi/ fem. shackles.
be6u& /be.Îu~/ neut. a pair of
water-pot.
be6oX /be.ÎoÆ/ adj.
misshaped.
be7&gu& /be.Î˙\˜.gu~/ adj.
disorderly.
144
betaXa& /be.ta.Æa~/ masc. pl.
dimness of the eyes acquired around the
age of 42.
betaXIs /be.ta.Æis/ adj.
forty-two.
bedrkar /be.d\r.kar/
adj. careless.
be06k /be.d˙\.Î\k/
advb. fearlessly.
be0aru& /be.d˙a.ru~/ adj.
double-edged.
be)yan /be.d˙jan/ adj.
inattentive.
benmUn /ben.mun/ adj.
unparalleled.
bepgu& /be.p\.gu~/ adj. biped.
bebakXu& /be.bak.Æu~/ adj.
perplexed.

e-an /be.b˙an/ adj.
unconscious.
berojgar /be.roÔ.gar/
adj. unemployed.
bel6I /bel.Îi/ adj. a pair (of
two persons).
bevkUf /bev.kup˙/ adj.
stupid.
bev6 /be.v\Î/ adj. folded.
be=k /be.ß\k/ advb.
undoubtedly.
be=rm /be.ß\.r\m/ adj.
shameless.
be=u)0 /be.ßudd˙/ adj.
swooned.
be=umar /beßu.mar/ adj.
limitless.
bes8u& /bes.¯u~/ neut. a
mourning ritual.
besvu& /bes.vu~/ v.intr. to sit.
besvu& /bes.vu~/ v.intr. to
begin (of a month, a year or a season
etc.). Ex. mne gya mihne p&drmu& vrs be5u&.
beSvad /be.svad/ adj.
tasteless.
behal /be.hal/ adj. ruined.
behUdI /be.hu.di/ adj.
irrational.
bErI /b\i.ri/ fem. wife (now a
derogatory word, particularly in urban
and educated class).
bo`u& /bo.k˙u~/ adj. toothless.
bogdu& /bog.du~/ neut. a
tunnel.
bocI /bo.ci/ fem. the neck.
boj /boÔ/ masc. 1. burden 2.
weight.
bo6vu& /boÎ.vu~/ v.tr. to
shave the head entirely.
145
bo6u& /bo.Îu~/ adj. a shaved off
head.
bo8I /bo.¯i/ fem. the first
cash-sale of the day.
bodu& /bo.du~/ adj. dull.
bo0 /bod˙/ masc. sermon.
bor /bor/ neut. a kind of berry.
bol /bol/ masc. a speech.
bolvu& /bol.vu~/ v.intr. to
speak.
bolacalI /bo.la.ca.li/ fem.
a verbal quarrel.
bolI /bo.li/ fem. a dialect.
bovu& /bo.vu~/ v.tr. to sow.

oXvu& /boÆ.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to dip,
2. to soak.
Bya=I /bja.ßi/ adj. eighty two.
b/a−8 /brah.m\¯/ masc.
Brahmin.
-
-kt /b˙\k.t\/ masc.
worshiper (male)
-kta8I /b˙\k.ta.¯i/ fem.
1. worshiper (female), 2. wife of a
worshiper.
-ikt /b˙\k.ti/ fem. devotion.
-gt /b˙\.g\t/ masc.
worshiper (male)
-gta8I /b˙\g.ta.¯i/ fem.
1. worshiper (female), 2. wife of a
worshiper.
-gvtI /bg.v\.ti/ adj.
divine.
-gvan /b+\g.van/
masc. god.
-gvu& /b˙\g.vu~/ adj.
reddish.
-ignI /b.gi.ni/ fem. sister.
-gIr9 /b.gi.r\t˙/ adj.
extremely difficult.
-Gn /b˙\g.n\/ adj. broken.
146
-c6vu& /b˙\.c\Î.vu~/ v.tr.
to eat recklessly.
-jn /b˙\.Ô\n/ neut.
1. devotional song, 2. hymn
-jvvu& /b˙\.Ô\v.vu~/ v.tr.
to perform (a play etc.)
-jvu& /b˙\Ô.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
worship through singing, 2. to recite.
-ijyu& /b˙\.Ôi.ju~/ neut. a kind
of fried food made of gram flour.
-4kvu& /b˙\.ˇ\k.vu~/ v.intr. to
roam.
-4kavu& /b˙\ˇ.ka.vu~/
v.intr. to collide.
-4Uiryu& /b˙\.tu.ri.ju~/
neut. puppy.
-4\4 /bh\ˇ.ˇ\/ masc. a
surname.
-i5yar`anu& /b˙\.ˇ˙i.jar.kha.nu~/
neut. a
bakery.
-5\5I /b˙\ˇ˙.ˇ˙i/ fem. 1. an
oven, 2. a furnace, 3. a kiln.
-6 /b˙\Î/ adj. brave
(person).
-6vIr /b˙\Î.vir/ adj.
brave
-6kI /b˙\Î.ki/ fem.
porridge.

-6ko /b˙Î.ko/ masc. a big
flame.
-6ako /b˙\.Îa.ko/ masc.
an explosive sound.
-8kar /b˙\¯.kar/ masc.
a sound indicating a future event.
-8tr /b˙\¯.t\r/ neut.
education.
-8vu& /b˙\¯.vu~/ v.tr. to
study.
-8I /b˙\.¯i/ postp. towards.
-{aI@ /b˙\t.ri.Ôi/ fem. a
niece.
-± /b˙\d.r\/ adj.
auspicious.
-pko /b˙\p.ko/ masc. 1. a
grand appearance, 2. a grand show.
--k /b˙\.b˙\k/ fem.
luster.
-ravvu& /b˙\b˙.rav.vu~/
v.tr. to sprinkle
powder.
--Ukvu& /b˙\.b˙uk.vu~/
v.intr. to blaze suddenly.
--Ut /b˙\.b˙ut/ fem.
ashes.
--UtI /b˙\.b˙u.ti/ fem.
ashes.
-mrI /b˙\m.ri/ fem. a
wasp (female).
-mro /b˙\m.ro/ fem. a
wasp (male).
147
-mvu& /b˙\m.vu~/ v.intr. 1.
to rotate, 2. to wander.
-Mmr /b˙\m.m\r/ fem.
the eyebrow.
-y&kr /b˙\.jan.k\r/ adj.
frightful.
-yank /b˙\.ja.n\k/ adj.
frightful.
-r6vu& /b˙\.r\Î.vu~/ v.tr.
to grind.
-rt /b˙\.r\t/ neut.
embroidery.
-rtgU&98 /b˙\.r\t gu~.t˙\¯/
neut.
embroidery.
-rtI /b˙\r.ti/ fem. tide.
-rpUr /b˙\r.pur/ adj.
abundant.
-r-a&`Xu& /b˙\r.b˙a~k˙.Æu~/
neut. the dawn.
-rm /b˙\.r\m/ masc.
illusion.
-rmavu& /b˙\r.ma.vu~/
v.intr. to be deceived.

-rvvu& /b˙\.r\v.vu~/ v.tr.
to hang.
-rva6 /b˙\r.vaÎ/ masc.
a shepherd.
-rvu& /b˙\r.vu~/ v.tr. to fill.
-rvu& /b˙\r.vu~/ v.tr. to
measure.
-raw /b˙\.ra.u/ adj. 1.
plump, 2. chubby.
-rosapa{a /b˙\.ro.sa.pat.r\/
adj. trustworthy.
-roso /b˙\.ro.so/ masc.
trust.
-yuR&-adyuR& /b˙\.rju~.b˙ad.rju~/ adj.
prosperous.
-lmnsa: /b˙\l.m\n.sai/
fem. goodness.
-la: /b˙\.la.i/ fem. 1.
goodness, 2. gentleness.
-lam8 /b˙\.la.m\¯/
fem. recommendation.
-lu& /b˙\.lu~/ adj. good.
-le /b˙\le/ advb. well.
-v /b˙\v/ masc. life.
-vn /b˙\.v\n/ neut. a big
house.
-va: /b˙\.va.i/ fem. 1. a
folk-drama, 2. fiasco.
-va6o /b˙\.va.Îo/ masc.
fiasco.
148
-vanI /b˙\.va.ni/ fem. the
goddess Parvati.
-vayo /b˙\.va.jo/ masc. the
actor of a -va: - a folk-drama.
-ivQy /b˙\.viß.j\/ neut.
future.
-vu& /b˙\.vu~/ neut. the
eyebrow.
-vo-v /b˙\.vo.b˙\v/
advb. in each birth.
-Vy /b˙\.vj\/ adj. grand.
-svu& /b˙\s.vu~/ v.intr. to
brak.
-Xtu& /b˙\Æ.tu~/ adj. similar.
-Xvu& /b˙\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. to
mix with.
-&ga8 /b˙\˜.ga¯/ neut. a
break.
-&gar /b˙\˜.gar/ masc.
scrap.
-&6ar /b˙\¯.Îar/ masc. 1. a
granary 2. a store-house.
-&6aro /b˙\¯.Îa.ro/ masc. a
collective dinner for community given as
a part of social custom or religious ritual.
-&6oX /b˙\¯.Îo�/ neut.
fund.

-&-ervu& /b˙\m.b˙er.vu~/
v.tr. to incite.
-a /b˙a/ masc. an honorable
term used for elders.
-a: /b˙a.i/ masc. brother.
-a:caro /b˙a.i.ca.ro/
masc. brotherhood.
-a:b&0I /b˙a.i.b\n.di/
fem. friendship.
-a:-a&6u /b˙a.i.b˙a~¯.Îu/
masc. pl. brothers and sisters of the same
presents.
-a`rI /b˙ak˙.ri/ fem. a
kind of bread.
-ag /b˙ag/ masc. 1. share, 2.
part.
-agvu& /b˙ag.vu~/ v.intr. to
run away.
-agakar /b˙a.ga.kar/
masc. division (in maths).
-agIdar /b˙a.gi.dar/
masc. partner (normally in business).
-agIdarI /b˙a.gi.da.ri/
fem. partnership.
-agoX /b˙a.goÆ/ fem. an
outskirt of a village/ a small town.
-aGy /b˙ag.j\/ neut. 1.fate, 2.
destiny.
149
-aGyu&tU4yu& /b˙a.gju~.tu.ˇju~/
adj. broken.
-aGye /\b˙ag.je/ advb. rarely.
-a@ /b˙a.Ôi/ fem. vegetables
(leafy).
-a@mUXa /b˙a.Ôi.mu.Æa/
masc. pl. an insignificant person or
thing.
-a4 /b˙aˇ/ masc. a bard.
-a4a: /b˙a.ˇa.i/ fem. 1. the
function of a bard, 2. excessive flattery.
-ai4yo /b˙a.ˇi.jo/ masc. a
community so-named.
-a6u& /b˙a.Îu~/ neut. 1. rent, 2.
fair, 3. freight.
-a6Ut /b˙a.Îut/ masc. a
tenant.
-a8aVyvhar /b˙a.¯a.vj\v.har/
masc. relation
permitting joint meals.
-ai8yo /b˙a.¯i.jo/ masc. a
sister’s son.
-a8I /b˙a.¯i/ fem. a sister’s
daughter.
-a8u& /b˙a.¯u~/ neut. a dish
served.
-a8ej /b˙a.¯eÔ/ masc. a
sister’s son.

-a8o /b˙a.¯o/ masc. a sister’s
son.
-at /b˙at/ fem. design.
-at /b˙at/ masc. pl. cooked
rice.
-adrvo /b˙a.d\r.vo/ masc.
eleventh month of the Vikram year.
-an /b˙an/ neut.
consciousness.
-a-I /b˙a.b˙i/ fem. a
brother’s wife.
-ar /b˙ar/ masc. 1. weight, 2.
burden.
-ar8 /b˙a.r\¯/ neut. 1.
weight, 2. burden.
-art /b˙a.r\t/ neut. India.
-artIy /b˙ar.ti.j\/ adj.
Indian.
-are /b˙a.re/ adj. 1. heavy, 2.
weighty.
-aro /b˙a.ro/ masc. a bundle
of grass or wood.
-alo6u& /b˙a.lo.Îu~/ neut. an
arrow.
-av /b˙av/ masc. rate.
-av /b˙av/ masc. feeling.
-avna /b˙av.na/ fem. 1.
desire 2. sentiment.
-avvu& /b˙av.vu~/ v.exp. to
like in taste.
150
-ava9R /b˙a.var.t˙\/ masc.
implied meaning.
-aiv /b˙a.vi/ neut. 1. future, 2.
fate.
-aivk /b˙a.vik/ adj.
emotional.
-aq8 /b˙a.ß\¯/ neut. 1. a
speech, 2.a lecture, 3. a discourse.
-aqa /b˙a.ßa/ fem. language.
-aqa&tr /b˙a.ßa~n.t\r/ neut.
translation.
-aqa&trkar /b˙a.ßa~n.t\r.kar/
masc. translator.
-aQy /b˙aß.j\/ neut.
commentary.
-as /b˙as/ masc. an illusion.
-aX /b˙aÆ/ fem. whereabouts.
-aXvu& /b˙aÆ.vu~/ v.tr. to see.
-a&g /b˙a~˜.g\/ fem. 1. hemp,
2. a drink containing hemp.
-a&gfo6 /b˙a~g.p˙oÎ/
fem. breakage.
-a&gro /b˙a~˜g.ro/ masc. a
kind of herb.

-a&gvu& /b˙a~g.vu~/ v.tr. to
break.
-a&jg6 /b˙a~Ô.g\Î/ fem.
1. negotiations, 2. quarrel.
-a&jg6Iyu& /b˙a~Ô.g\.Îi.ju~/
adj. 1. quarrelsome,
2. negotiator.
-a&6vu& /b˙a~¯Î.vu~/ v.tr. to
revile.
-a&-rvu& /b˙a~.b˙\r.vu~/
v.intr. to bellow.
i-`ar8 /b˙i.k˙a.r\¯/
fem. a female beggar.
i-`arI /b˙i.k˙a.ri/ masc. a
male beggar.
i-Nn /b˙in.n\/ adj. different.
-I` /b˙ik˙/ fem. begging.
-I6 /b˙iÎ/ fem. crowdedness.
-I6vu& /b˙iÎ.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
shut up, 2. to fasten.
-Itr /b˙i.t\r/ neut. within.
-Ina= /b˙i.naß/ fem.
moisture.
-Inu& /b˙i.nu~/ adj. 1.wet, 2.
soaked, 3. moist.
-Il /b˙il/ masc. a community
so named.
151
-I&g6u& /b˙i~g.Îu~/ neut. 1. a
dead skin, 2. a scale.
-I&jvvu& /b˙i~.Ô\v.vu~/ v.tr.
to soak.
-I&6o /b˙i¯.Îo/ masc. okra.
-I&t /b˙i~t/ fem. a wall.
-Ulk8u& /b˙u.l\k.¯u~/ adj. absent-minded.
-Ul-ulam8I /b˙ul.b˙u.lam.¯i/
fem. a
labyrinth.
-USko /b˙us.ko/ masc. a
jump downward.
-Uk&p /b˙u.k\mp/ masc.
an earthquake.
-UkI /b˙u.ki/ fem. fine
powder.
-Uko /b˙u.ko/ masc. powder.
-Ù /b˙uk˙/ fem. hunger.
-Ù ru& /b˙uk˙.ru/ adj.
grey.
-U~yu& /b˙u.k˙ju~/ adj.
hungry.
-UgoX /b˙u.goÆ/ fem.
geography.
-Ucr /b˙u.c\r/ adj.
terrestrial.
-Ut /b˙ut/ neut. a ghost.

-UtavX /b˙u.ta.v\Æ/ fem.
a group of ghosts.
-Udev /b˙u.dev/ masc. a
Brahman.
-Uim /b˙u.mi/ fem. land.
-Uimka /b˙u.mi.ka/ fem.
an introduction.
-Uimit /b˙u.mi.ti/ fem.
geometry.
-Uimdah /b˙u.mi.dah/
masc. burial.
-UrkI /b˙ur.ki/ fem. a
spell.
-Uiryu& /b˙u.ri.ju~/ adj.
bluish.
-Uru& /b˙u.ru~/ adj. blue.
-Ul /b˙ul/ fem. 1. mistake, 2.
error.
-Ulvu& /b˙ul.vu~/ v.intr. to
forget.
-Ulu& /b˙u.lu~/ adj. astray.
-Uvo /b˙u.vo/ masc. a
remover of ghosts.
-Usko /b˙us.ko/ masc. a
jump downward.
-UStrivd\ya /b˙us.t\r.vi.dja/
fem. geology.
-U&kvu& /b˙u~k.vu~/ v.intr. to
bray.
-U&gX /b˙u˜.g\�/ fem. a
long-tube like trumpet.
-U&gXI /b˙u~˜.g\.Æi/ fem. a
small pipe or a small tube.
152
-U&gXu& /b˙u~˜.g\.Æu~/ neut. a
big pipe or a big tube.
-U&jvu& /b˙u~Ô.vu~/ v.tr. to
roast.
-U&6 /b˙u¯Î/ neut. a pig.
-U&6a: /b˙u¯.Îai/ fem.
wickedness.
-U&6u& /b˙u¯.Îu~/ adj. wicked.
-U&svu& /b˙u~s.vu~/ v.tr. to
erase.
-eg /b˙eg/ masc. admixture.
-egu& /b˙e.gu~/ adj. 1. mixed, 2.
collected.
-ej /b˙eÔ/ masc. humidity.
-eju& /b˙e.Ôu~/ neut. 1.the brain,
2. intellect.
-e4 /b˙eˇ/ fem. a meeting.
-e4 /b˙eˇ/ fem. a gift.
-e4vu& /b˙eˇ.vu~/ v.intr. to
embrace.
-e4o /b˙e.ˇo/ masc. a meeting.

-ed /b˙ed/ masc. difference.
-ed /b˙ed/ masc. mystery.
-ed-av /b˙ed.b˙av/
masc. discrimination.
-edvu& /b˙ed.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
pierce, 2. to thurst.
-edI /b˙e.di/ adj. mysterious.
-edu /b˙e.du/ masc. mystic.
-ervvu& /b˙e.r\v.vu~/ v.tr.
to hang.
-eX /b˙eÆ/ fem. a mixture.
-eXvvu& /b˙e.Æ\v.vu~/ v.tr.
to mix.
-eXseX /b˙eÆ.seÆ/ fem.
adulteration.
-eXseXIyu& /b˙eÆ.se.Æi.ju~/
adj. 1. adulterated, 2. miscellaneous.
-e&= ~ -e&s /b˙´~s ~ b˙´~ß/
fem. a buffalo.
-o: /b˙o.i/ masc. a community
so named.
-og /b˙og/ masc. 1. a
sacrifice, 2. an offering to the god.
-ogv4o /b˙og.v\.ˇo/
masc. ownership.
-ogvvu& /b˙o.g\v.vu~/
v.tr. to enjoy (the ownership,
possession).
-ogivlas /b˙og.vi.las/
masc. luxury.
-ogI /b˙o.gi/ adj. a person
who enjoys or suffers.
-oGy /b˙og.j\/ adj. worth
enjoying.
-ojn /b˙o.Ô\n/ neut. a
mean (formal).
-o4 /b˙oˇ/ adj. idiotic.
-o4vo /b˙oˇ.vo/ masc. an
earthen jug.
153
-omyo /b˙o.mi.jo/ masc. a
guide.
-oir&g /b˙o.ri˜g/ masc. a
big serpent.
-olu& /b˙o.lu~/ neut. a monkey.
-oXvvu& /b˙o.Æ\v.vu~/ v.tr.
to cheat.
-oXu& /b˙o.Æu~/ adj. a simplehearted.
-o&kvu& /b˙ø~k.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
pierce, 2. to bore.
-o&5p /b˙ø~.ˇ˙\p/ fem.
crestfallen.
-o&5u& /b˙ø~.ˇ˙u~/ adj.
crestfallen.

-o&y /b˙ø~j/ fem. 1. land, 2.
ground.
-o&ytXIyu& /b˙ø~j.t\.Æi.ju~/
neut. a ground-floor.
-o&yru& /b˙ø~j.ru~/ neut. a
tunnel.
-Ogoilk /b˙\u.go.lik/
adj. geographical.
-Oitk /b˙\u.tik/ adj. 1.
physical, 2. materialistic, 3. mundane.
-/m /b˙r\m/ masc. illusion.
-/Q4 /b˙r\ß.ˇ\/ neut. 1.
polluted, 2. degenerated.
-/Q4acar /b˙r\ß.ˇa.car/
masc. corruption.
-/amk /b˙ra.m\k/ adj.
deceptive.
-/a&it /b˙ra~n.ti/ fem. illusion.
-

mjnU /m\Ô.nu/ adj.
lovelorn.
mjbUt /m\Ô.but/ adj.
strong.
mjbUtI /m\Ô.bu.ti/ fem.
strength.
mjbUr /m\Ô.bur/ adj.
helpless.
mjbUrI /m\Ô.bu.ri/ fem.
helplessness.
mja /m\.Ôa/ fem. pleasant.
mjUr /m\.Ôur/ masc. a
labor.
mjUs /m\.Ôus/ masc. a big
wooden box carving on it.
mjja /m\Ô.Ôa/ fem. the
marrow of bone.
m4ku& /m\ˇ.ku~/ neut. a wink.
m4m4avvu& /m\ˇ.m\.ˇav.vu~/
v.tr. to wink.
m4vu& /m\ˇ.vu~/ v.exp. to be
cured.
m5 /m\ˇ˙/ masc. pl. a kind of
pulse.
m5 /m\ˇ˙/ masc. a monastery.
m5arvu& /m\.ˇ˙ar.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to repair, 2. to fix error in a writing.
m5o /m\.ˇ˙o/ masc. a food
made of yogurt.
m6du& /m\Î.du~/ neut. a
dead body.
m6aga&5 /m\.Îa.ga~ˇ˙/
fem. a deadlock.
m7vu& /m\Î˙.vu~/ v.tr. to
frame (a photo for example).
mi8 /m\.¯i/ masc. a gem.
mi8yar /m\.¯i.jar/ masc.
a professional bangle-maker.
155
mt /m\t/ masc. 1. an opinion,
2. a vote.
mtdar /m\t.dar/ masc. a
voter.
mtp{a /m\t.p\t.r\/ neut.
a voting paper.
mt-ed /m\t.b˙ed/ masc.
difference of opinion.
mtlb /m\t.l\b/ fem. 1.
purpose, 2. intention.
mtlibyu& /m\t.l\b.i.ju~/
adj. selfish.
mtai0kar /m\.ta.d˙i.kar/
masc. the right to
vote.
mit /m\.ti/ fem. intellect.
mtu& /m\.tu~/ neut. signature.

m9vu& /m\t˙.vu~/ v.intr. to
churn.
m9am8 /m\.t˙a.m\¯/
fem. hard work.
m9aXu& /m\.t˙a.Æu~/ neut. 1. a
heading, 2. a top.
mdd /m\.d\d/ fem. help.
mdinyu& /m\.d\n.i.ju~/ neut.
a young one of an elephant.
mdarI /m\.da.ri/ masc. a
jugglar.
midra /m\.di.ra/ fem. wine.
m0 /m\.d˙/ neut. honey.
m0ur /m\.d˙ur/ adj.
sweet.
m)y /m\d˙.j\/ adj. 1.
middle, 2. central.
m0rat /m\d˙.rat/ fem.
mid-night.
mn /m\n/ neut. an organ of
desire.
mnn /m\.n\n/ neut. deepthinking.
mnsUbo /m\n.su.bo/
masc. motive.
mnSvI /m\.n\s.vi/ adj. 1.
self-willed, 2. whimsical.
mna: /m\.nai/ fem. 1.
prohibition, 2. forbidding.
mnam8u& /m\.nam.¯u~/
neut. reconciliation.
156
mnavvu& /m\.nav.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to pursue, 2. to pacify.
mnIqa /m\.ni.ßa/ fem.
desire.
mnuQy /m\.nuß.j\/ masc. a
human being.
mne /m\.ne/ pron. to me.
mnobX /m\.no.b\Æ/ neut.
willpower.
mnor9 /m\.no.r\t˙/
masc. desire.
mnor&jk /m\.no.r\n.Ô\k/
adj. entertaining.
mnor&jn /m\.no.r\n.Ô\n/
neut. entertainment.
mnoiv}aan /m\.no.vig.nan/
neut. spychology.
mnohr /m\.no.h\r/ adj.
attractive.
mft /m\.p˙\t/ advb. free
of cost.
mbl` /m\b.l\k˙/ adj.
abundant.
mmt /m\.m\t/ fem.
insistence.

mmra /m\m.ro/ masc. a
type of rice flake.
mmXavvu& /m\m.Æav.vu~/
v.tr. to chew.
mrkvu& /m\.r\k.vu~/ v.intr.
to smile.
mr3I /m\r.g˙i/ fem. a hen.
mrjad /m\r.Ôad/ fem.
decency.
mrjadI /m\r.Ôa.di/ adj.
observing strict untouchablility (a
religious practice found mainly among
the Vaishnava. This untouchability has
nothing to do with social
untouchablility).
mrijyat /m\r.Ôi.jat/ adj.
voluntary.
mr@ /m\r.Ôi/ fem. desire.
mr@vo /m\r.Ôi.vo/ masc.
diver.
mr6avu& /m\r.Îa.vu~/
v.intr. to be twisted.
mr6o /m\r.Îo/ masc.
dysentery.
mr8 /m\.r\¯/ neut. death.
mri8yu& /m\.r\.¯i.ju~/ adj.
desperate.
mrd /m\.r\d/ masc. male.
157
mrvu& /m\r.vu~/ v.intr. to die.
mrvo /m\r.vo/ masc. a small
unripe mango.
mrisyo /m\.r\.si.jo/ masc.
a mourning song.
mrhUm /m\r.hum/ adj.
1. deceased, 2. late.
mramt /m\.ra.m\t/ fem.
1. repair, 2. mending.
mrI /m\.ri/ fem. black or white
pepper.
mrImsalo /m\.ri.m\.sa.lo/
masc. spices.
mro6 /m\.roÎ/ masc. a
shape (of a letter for example).
mmR /m\r.m\/ masc. deep
meaning.
myaRda /m\r.ja.da/ fem. 1.
limit, 2. border.
myaRidt /m\r.ja.dit/ adj.
limited.
mlkvu& /m\.l\k.vu~/ v.intr.
to smile.
mlm /m\.l\m/ masc.
ointment.
mlml /m\l.m\l/ neut.
muslin.
mla: /m\.lai/ fem. cream.

mvalI /m\.va.li/ masc. a
scoundrel.
m=£ /m\ß.ru/ neut. cotton
and silk mixed yarn.
m=hUr /m\ß.hur/ adj.
renowned.
m+krI /m\ß.k\.ri/ fem. 1. a
joke, 2. a jest.
mslt /m\s.l\t/ fem.
consultation.
msXvu& /m\.s\Æ.vu~/ v.tr.
to knead.
msa8 /m\.sa¯/ neut. a
burial-place.
msai8ya /m\.sa.¯i.jo/
masc. a mourner accompanying a
funeral procession.
msalo /m\.sa.lo/ masc.
spices.
mso /m\.so/ masc. a wart.
mStk /m\s.t\k/ neut. the
head.
mhiqR /m\.h\r.ßi/ masc. a
great sage.
mh&t /m\.h\nt/ masc. the
head of a monastery.
mha /m\.ha/ masc. forth
month of the Vikram year.
mhakaVy /m\.ha.kav.j\/
neut. epic.
mhamarI /m\.ha.ma.ri/
fem. an epidemic.
mhar9I /m\.ha.r\.t˙i/
masc. an extremely powerful warrior.
158
mharaj /m\.ha.raÔ/ masc.
1.an emperor, 2. a temple priest, 3. a
cook.
mharaja /m\.ha.ra.Ôa/
masc. an emperor.
mhara8I /m\.ha.ra.ni/
fem. an empress.
mhaly /m\.ha.l\j/ masc.
a palace.
mhavro /m\.hav.ro/
masc. practice.
mhasagr /m\.ha.sa.g\r/
masc. an ocean.
mihno /m\.hi.no/ masc. a
month.
mihla /m\.hi.la/ fem. a
woman.
mhuvr /m\.hu.v\r/
neut. a snake charmer’s flute.
mhe&k /m\.h´~k/ fem.
fragrance.
mheC2a /m\.hec.c˙a/ fem.
an ambition.
mhe8u& /m\.he.¯u~/ neut. a
taunt.

mhetl /m\.he.t\l/ fem. a
time limit.
mhetI /m\.he.ti/ fem. 1. a
teacher’s wife, 2. a female teacher.
mheto /m\.he.to/ masc. 1.
teacher, 2. an accountant.
mhent /m\.he.n\t/ fem.
mental or manual work.
mhenta8u& /m\.hen.ta.¯u~/
neut. remuneration.
mheman /m\.he.man/
masc. hon. a guest.
mhel /m\.hel/ masc. a
palace.
mXtr /m\Æ.t\r/ neut. 1.
remuneration 2. profit.
mXvu& /m\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. to
meet.
mXvu& /m\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. to
gain.
m&ko6o /m\˜.ko.Îo/ masc. a
kind of black ant.
m&gXfero /m\˜.\Æ.p˙e.ro/
masc. a marriage
ritual in which bride and bridegroom
move around the marriage platform.
m&gXvar /m\˜.g\Æ.var/
masc. Tuesday.
m&gXsU{a /m\˜.g\Æ.sut.r\/
neut. a necklace-
like ornament usually presented by the
bridegroom to the bride.
159
m&gXacr8 /m\˜g.Æa.c\.r\¯/
neut. invocation
of a divine being at the bringing of an
auspicious work.
m&@ra /m\µ.Ôi.ra/ masc. pl. a
pair of cymbals.
m&jUr /m\µ.Ôur/ adj.
approved.
m&jUrI /m\µ.Ôu.ri/ fem.
approval.
m&6p /m\¯.Î\p/ masc. a
decorated platform.
m&6vu& /m\¯Î.vu~/ v.intr. .to
begin, 2. to start.
m&trvu& /m\n.t\r.vu~/ v.tr.
to bind by a spell.
m&tVy /m\n.t\.vj\/ neut.
opinion.
m&{a /m\nt.r\/ masc. a spell.
m&{aI /m\n.tri/ masc. a
minister.
m&9n /m\n.t˙\n/ neut. a
churning.
m&d /m\nd/ adj. slow.
m&dva6 /m\nd.vaÎ/ fem.
sickness.
m&idr /m\n.dir/ neut. a
temple.

m&dI /m\n.di/ fem. 1. scarcity,
2. trade depression.
ma /ma/ fem. 1. mother, 2.
grandmother.
ma:ka&glu& /mai.ka˜g.lu~/
adj. physically weak.
mak6 /ma.k\Î/ masc. a bug.
ma` /mak˙/ fem. a fly.
ma`8 /ma.k˙\¯/ neut.
butter.
mag /mag/ fem. demand.
magvu& /mag.vu~/ v.tr. to ask
for.
magu& /ma.gu~/ neut. a proposal
for betrothal.
ma28 /ma.c˙\¯/ fem. a
fisherwoman.
ma2lI /mac˙.li/ fem. a fish.
ma2I /ma.c˙i/ masc. a
fisherman.
ma@ /ma.Ôi/ adj. former.
ma@ /ma.Ôi/ fem. hon. 1. a
grandmother, 2. a goddess.
ma4I /ma.ˇi/ fem. clay.
ma4e /ma.ˇe/ postp. for
ma5u& /ma.ˇ˙u~/ adj. .bad, 2.
wrong.
ma6I /ma.Îi/ fem. 1. mother,
2. goddess.
160
ma8 /ma¯/ fem. a metallic pot.
ma8vu& /ma¯.vu~/ v.tr. to
enjoy.
ma8s /ma.¯\s/ masc. a
human being.
ma8sa: /ma¯.sai/ fem.
humility.
ma8ek /ma.¯ek/ neut. a
ruby.
mata /ma.ta/ fem. 1. mother, 2.
goddess.
ma{a /mat.r\/ advb. 1. only, 2.
merely.
ma{aa /mat.ra/ fem. a unit of
measure.
ma9akU4 /ma.t˙a.kuˇ/
fem. unnecessary discussion.
ma9afrel /ma.t˙a.p˙\.rel/
adj. hot-tempered.
ma9a-are /ma.t˙a.b˙a.re/
adj. 1. challenging, 2. uncontrollable.
ma9u& /ma.t˙u~/ neut. head.
madiXyu& /ma.d\Æ.ju/ neut.
an amulet.
mada /ma.da/ adj. female.

ma)ym /mad˙.j\m/ adj.
medium.
man /man/ neut. fame.
manta /man.ta/ fem. 1. a
pledge, 2. a religious vow.
mand /ma.n\d/ adj.
honorary.
mannIy /ma.n\.ni.j\/ adj.
honorable.
manpan /man.pan/ neut.
respect.
manvu& /man.vu~/ v.tr. to
believe.
manisk /man.sik/ adj.
mental.
manItu& /ma.ni.tu~/ adj.
favorite.
maNy /man.j\/ adj. acceptable.
map /map/ neut. measure.
mafI /ma.p˙i/ fem.
forgiveness.
mabap /mabap/ neut. pl.
parents.
mama /ma.ma/ masc. hon.
mother’s brother.
mamI /ma.mi/ fem. mother’s
brother’s wife.
161
mamUlI /ma.mu.li/ adj.
insignificant.
mamo /ma.mo/ masc. mother’s
brother.
mayka&glu& /maj.ka˜g.lu~/
adj. very weak (in terms of physical
construction).
maya /ma.ja/ fem. illusion.
mar /mar/ masc. beating.
marpI4 /mar.piˇ/ fem.
repeated or severe beating.
marft /mar.p˙\t/ postp.
1. with, 2. by, 3. through.
marvu& /mar.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
beat, 2. to strike.
maramarI /ma.ra.ma.ri/
fem. a violent clash.
magR /marg/ masc. a road.
maimRk /mar.mik/ adj.
subtle.
mal /mal/ masc. goods.
maldar /mal.dar/ adj.
rich.
malmta /mal.m\.ta/ fem.
property.
malimlkt /mal.mil.k\t/
fem. property.
mailk /ma.lik/ masc. 1.
owner, 2. a master, 3. a boss, 4. god.

mailkI /ma.li.ki/ fem.
ownership.
mail= /ma.liß/ fem.
massaging.
mavjt /mav.Ô\t/ fem.
care.
mav5u& /mav.ˇ˙u~/ neut.
unseasonable rain.
mavi6yu& /ma.v\Î.ju~/ adj.
too much obedient of mother.
mavtr /mav.t\r/ neut. pl.
parents.
mavo /ma.vo/ masc. 1. solid
cream of milk, 2. kernel of fruits etc.
ma=I /ma.ßi/ fem. mother’s
sister.
mas /mas/ masc. a month.
maisk /ma.sik/ adj.
monthly.
maisk /ma.sik/ neut.
women’s menses.
maso /ma.so/ masc. mother’s
sister’s husband.
maihtI /ma.hi.ti/ fem.
knowledge.
maX /maÆ/ masc. a storey.
maX`u& /maÆ.k˙u~/ neut. 1. a
structure, 2. a frame.
maXa /ma.Æa/ fem. a garland.
maiXyu& /ma.Æi.ju~/ neut. a
storey.
162
maXI /ma.Æi/ masc. a gardener.
maXo /ma.Æo/ masc. a nest.
ma&jvu& /ma~Ô.vu~/ v.tr. to
cleanse a pot and etc.
ma&6vu& /ma~Î.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
begin, 2. to start.
ma&6vu& /ma~Î.vu~/ v.tr. to
close.
ma&dgI /ma~d.gi/ fem.
sickness.
ma&dlu& /ma~d.lu~/ adj. always
sick.
ma&du& /ma~.du~/ adj. sick.
ma&s /ma~s/ neut. flash.
ma&sahar /ma~.sa.har/
masc. meat or mutton food.
ma&saharI /ma~.sa.ha.ri/
adj. non- vegetarian.
imjagru& /mi.Ôa.g\.ru~/ neut.
a hinge.
imjaj /mi.ÔaÔ/ masc.
temperament.
imja@ /mi.Ôa.Ôi/ adj. hottempered.

imit /mi.ti/ fem. a date.
im{a /mit.r\/ masc. a friend.
im{ata /mit.r\.ta/ adj.
friendship.
im(ya /mit˙.ja/ adj. 1. illusory,
2. unreal.
imlkt /mil.k\t/ fem.
property.
imln /mi.lan/ neut. 1.
meeting, 2. union.
imlav4 /mi.la.v\ˇ/ fem.
adulteration.
imlavvu& /mi.lav.vu~/ v.tr.
to mix.
imS{aI /mis.tri/ masc. a skilled
craftsman.
mI5a: /mi.ˇ˙a.i/ fem. sweet.
mI5a= /mi.ˇ˙aß/ fem.
sweetness.
mI5u& /mi.ˇ˙u~/ neut. salt.
mI5u& /mi.ˇ˙u~/ adj. sweet.
mI8 /mi::¯/ neut .wax.
mI8b]aI /mi:Î.b\t.ti/
fem. candle.
mI&6u& /miÎ.Îu~/ neut. a figure
of zero.
163
mI&7X /mi~.Î˙\Æ/ neut. a
kind of fruit.
mI&7u& /mi~¯.Î˙o/ adj. shrewd.
muk¥mo /mu.k\d.d\.mo/
masc. a law suit.
mukablo /mu.kab.lo/
masc. a comparison.
mukt /muk.t\/ adj. free.
muikt /muk.ti/ fem. freedom.
mu`vas /muk˙.vas/
masc. a sort of mouth cleaning food
taken after a meal.
mu`I /mu.k˙i/ masc. chief of
a village or a community.
mu~y /muk˙.j\/ adj. 1. chief,
2. foremost.
mug4 /mu.g\ˇ/ masc. a
crown.
mu5\5I /muˇ˙.ˇ˙i/ fem. a fist.
mutr6I /mu.t\r.Îi/ fem. a
urinal.
mudt /mu.d\t/ fem. a fixed
time.
mu¥l /mud.d\l/ fem. the
principal amount.
mu¥o /muddo/ masc. issue.
mu±k /mud.r\k/ masc.
printer.

mu±a /mud.ra/ fem. a stamp.
muin/mu.ni/ masc. a sage.
munIm /mu.nim/ masc. 1.
an accountant, 2. a manager.
mufils /mup˙.lis/ adj.
penniless.
mur3I /mur.g˙i/ fem. hen.
murityo /mu.r\.ti.o/ masc.
a would-be-son-in-law or bridegroom.
murBbI /mu.r\b.bi/ adj.
elderly.
murBbo /mu.r\b.bo/ masc.
a kind of conserved food.
murad /mu.rad/ fem. desire.
mulk /mu.l\k/ masc. a
territory.
multvI /mu.l\t.vi/ adj.
postponed.
mulv8I /mu.l\v.¯i/ fem.
valuation.
mulakat /mu.la.kat/ fem.
a visit.
mulaym /mu.la.j\m/ adj.
soft.
mu+kel /muß.kel/ adj.
difficult.
mu+kelI /muß.ke.li/ fem.
difficulty.
164
mus¥o /mu.s\d.do/ masc.
a draft.
muslman /mu.sal.man/
masc. a follower of
Islam.
musafr /mu.sa.p˙\r/
masc. a traveller.
musafrI /mu.sa.p˙\.ri/
fem. 1 a travel, 2. a journey.
musIbt /mu.si.b\t/ fem.
trouble.
muiSlm /mus.lim/ masc. a
follower of Islam.
mUkvu& /muk.vu~/ v.tr. to put.
mU&gu& /mu˜.gu/ adj. 1.
speechless, 2. silent.
mU2 /muc˙/ fem. the
moustache.
mU5 /muˇ˙/ fem. the hilt of a
sword.
mU6I /mu.Îi/ fem. 1. capital,
2. investment.
mUtr /mu.t\r/ neut. urine.
mUtrvu& /mu.t\r.vu~/
v.intr. to urinate.
mU{aip*6 /mut.r\.pi¯.Î\/ neut. the kidney.
mU{aa=y /mut.ra.ß\j/
masc. the bladder.

mUr` /mu.r\k˙/ adj. fool.
mUtR /mur.t\/ adj. 1.
corporeal, 2. concrete.
mUitR /mur.ti/ fem. an idol.
mUlvvu& /mu.l\v.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to ascertain the price, 2. to assay.
mULy /mul.j\/ neut. 1. value,
2. price.
mUX /muÆ/ neut. 1. origin, 2.
root, 3. fundamental.
mUXaxr /mu.Æak.ß\r/
masc. pl. the letters of an alphabet.
mUXo /mu.Æo/ masc. a radish.
mU&gu& /mu˜.gu~/ adj. 1.
speechless, 2. dumb.
mU&zv8 /mu~Ô˙.v\¯/
fem. uneasiness.
mU&zavu& /mu~.Ô˙a.vu~/ v.intr.
to be perplexed.
mU&6vu& /mu¯Î.vu~/ v.tr. to
shave the head entirely.
m

meXap /me.Æap/ masc. 1. a
meeting, 2. a union.
meXav6o /me.Æav.Îo/
masc. a public function.
meXo /me.Æo/ masc. a fair.
me& /m´~/ pron. I.
moklvu& /mok\l.vu~/ v.tr.
to send.
mokXa= /mok.Æaß/ fem. 1.
roominess, 2. freedom, 3. comfort.
mokXu& /mok.Æu~/ adj. 1.
spacious, 2. open.
moka8 /mo.ka¯/ fem. a
condolence ritual.
moko /mø.ko/ masc. a
favorable opportunity.
mox /mok.ß\/ masc.
liberation.
mogro /mog.ro/ masc. a
kind of flower plant.
moc8 /mo.c\¯/ fem. a
female of the cobbler community.
mocI /mo.ci/ masc. 1. a
cobbler, 2. a name of a community.
moj6I /moÔ.Îi/ fem. a kind
of light, embroidered shoe.
mojmja /moÔ.m\.Ôa/ fem.
1 luxury, 2. comfort.
moj=o` /moÔ.ßok˙/
masc. luxury.
moju& /mo.Ôu~/ neut. a wave.
moju& /mo.Ôu~/ neut. a glove.
mojUd /mo.Ôud/ adj.
existing.
mo4u& /mo.ˇu~/ adj. 1. big, 2.
large, 3. adult, 4. elder.
mo6u& /mo.Îu~/ adj. late.
166
mo7amo7 /mø.Î˙a.moÎ˙/
advb. fact to face.
mo7u& /mø.Î˙u~/ neut. the
mouth.
mo8 /mo¯/ neut. lubricant
mixed with flour.
mot /møt/ neut. death.
moityo /mo.ti.jo/ masc.
cataract.
motI /mo.ti/ neut. a pearl.
modI /mo.di/ masc. a grocery.
mo- /mob˙/ masc. a beam
supporting a roof.
mo-adar /mo.b˙a.dar/
adj. 1. respected, 2. having high status.
mor /mor/ masc. peacock.
morco /mor.co/ masc. front.

morlI /mor.li/ fem. a flute.
mors /mo.r\s/ fem. granular
sugar.
moiryo /mor.(i).jo/ masc. a
kind of wild corn.
morI /mø.ri/ fem. a drain.
mol /mol/ masc. a standing
crop.
movu& /mo.vu~/ v.tr. to lubricate
flour with oil, ghee etc.
mosm /mo.s\m/ fem. a
season.
mosmI /mos.mi/ adj.
seasonal.
mos&bI /mo.s\m.bi/ fem. a
kind of fruit.
mosaX /mo.saÆ/ neut. the
maternal side of relation.
mosaXu& /mo.sa.Æu~/ neut. 1.
gifts given by the parents to their
daughter on her first pregnancy, 2. gifts
given by the maternal side of the
relatives.
moh /moh/ masc. fascination.
mohk /mo.h\k/ adj.
charming.
mohn9aX /mo.h\n.t˙a�/
masc. a kind of
sweetmeets.
167
mohvu& /moh.vu~/ v.tr. to be
fascinated or deluded.
moXu& /mø.Æu~/ adj. tasteless.
mo& /mø~/ neut. 1. the mouth, 2.
face.
mo&3varI /mø~g˙.va.ri/
fem. 1. dearness, 2. allowance.
mo&3u& /mø~˜.gu~/ adj. extremely
dear.
mOn /m\un/ neut. selfimposed
dumbness.
mOlvI /m\ul.vi/ masc. 1. a
learned Muslim, 2. an expert in Islamic
laws.
mOlIk /m\u.lik/ adj.
original.
Myan /mjan/ neut. a scabbard.
y
yk

yatna /jat.na/ fem. suffering.
ya{aa /jat.ra/ fem. a pilgrim.
yad /jad/ fem. memory.
yadI /ja.di/ fem. a note.
yan /jan/ neut. a vehicle
(formal)
yar /jar/ masc. friend.
ya&i{ak /ja~t.rik/ adj. machinelike.
yuikt /juk.ti/ fem. 1. skill, 2.
trick.
yug /jug/ masc. an age.
yu)0 /jud˙.d˙\/ neut. war.
yuvk /ju.v\k/ masc. a young
man.
yuvtI /juv.ti/ fem. a young
women.
yuvraj /juv.raÔ/ masc. a
crown prince.
yuvra}aI /juv.rag.ni/ fem.
the wife of a crown prince.
yog /jo.g\/ masc. union.
yoganuyog /jo.ga.nu.jog/
advb. 1. by chance, 2. incidently.
yoignI /jo.gi.ni/ fem. a
female ascetic.
yogI /jo.gi/ masc. an ascetic.
yoGy /jog.j\/ adj. 1. proper, 2.
needful.
yojk /jo,Ô\k/ masc. an
organizer.
yojna /joÔ.na/ fem. a plan.
yojvu& /joÔ.vu~/ v.tr. to plan.
yoin /jo.ni/ fem. a female’s
generative organ.
168
yOvn /jau.ban/ neut. youth.
r
rkm /r\.k\m/ fem. a thing.
rkabI /r\.ka.bi/ fem. 1. a
plate, 2. a saucer.
rkt /rk.t\/ neut. blood.
rxk /r\k.ß\k/ masc. a
guard.
rxa /r\k.ßa/ fem. a protection.
r`6p4\4I /r\.k˙\Î.p\ˇ.ˇi/
fem. 1. wandering,
2. roaming.
r`6vu& /r\.k˙\Î.vu~/
v.intr. 1. to wander, 2. to roam.
r`6u& /r\k˙.Îu~/ adj. 1.
wandering, 2. roaming.

`at /r\.k˙at/ fem. an illicit
wife.
r`e /r\.k˙e/ advb. by chance.
r`evaX /r\.k˙e.vaÆ/ masc.
1. guardian, 2. a protector.
rg /r\g/ fem. a vein.
rgi=yu& /r\.g\.ßi.ju~/ adj.
slow and tedious.
r3va4 /r\g.vaˇ/ masc.
bewilderment.
rcna /r\c.na/ fem. 1.
construction, 2. composition.
rciyta /r\c.ji.ta/ masc. 1. a
constructor, 2. a composer.
rcvu& /r\c.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
construct, 2. to compose.
rj /r\Ô/ fem. 1. a molecule, 2. a
particle.
rjk8 /r\Ô.k\¯/ masc. a
particle of dust.
rjko /r\Ô.ko/ masc. a kind of
grass.
rjt /r\.Ô\t/ neut. silver.
rjnI /r\Ô.ni/ fem. night.
rjpUt /r\Ô.put/ masc. a
man belonging to Rajput community.
rja /r\.Ôa/ fem. 1. a holiday, 2. a
leave.
rja: /r\.Ôai/ fem. a quilt.
rjaic5\5I /r\.Ôa.ciˇ˙ˇ˙i/
fem. a written permission.
169
r4vu& /r\ˇ.vu~/ v.tr. to speak the
same thing repeatedly.
r6vu& /r\Î.vu~/ v.intr. to
weep.
r6aroX /r\.Îa.roÆ/ fem.
weeping.
ri7yaXu& /r\.Î˙i.ja.Æu~/ adj.
fascinating.
r8 /r\¯/ neut. a desert.
r8 /r\¯/ neut. a battle-field.
r8kvu& /r\.¯\k.vu~/ v.intr.
to tinkle.
r8kar /r\¯.kar/ masc. a
tinkling sound.
r82o6 /r\¯.c˙oÎ/ masc. Lord Sri
Krishna.
r8z8vu& /r\¯.Ô˙\¯.vu~/
v.intr. to tinkle repeatedly.
rtn /r\.t\n/ neut. the pupil
of the eye.
rtl /r\.t\l/ masc. a measure
of weight.
rtva /r\t.va/ masc. a kind of
skin disease.

ta= /r\.taß/ fem. redness.
rtaXu& /r\.ta.Æu~/ neut. yam.
rta&0Xu& /r\.ta~n.d˙\.Æu~/
adj. night-blind.
rTn /r\t.n\/ neut. a gem.
r9 /r\t˙/ masc. a chariot.
r¥I /r\d.di/ fem. 1. useless, 2.
scrap papers and etc.
rbarI /r\.ba.ri/ masc. a
shepherd.
rmk6u& /r\.m\k.Îu~/ neut.
a toy.
rm`a8 /r\m.k˙a¯/ neut.
a riot.
rmjan /r\m.Ôan/ masc.
the ninth and the holy month of the Hijri
era.
rmz4 /r\m.Ô˙\ˇ/ fem. the
climax and the higest tempo of dancing,
singing etc.
rmt /r\.m\t/ fem. 1. a
game, 2. a play. 3. a sport.
rmityaX /r\.m\.ti.jaÆ/
adj. 1. playful, 2. joyful.
rmrmvu& /r\m.r\m.vu~/
v.intr. 1. to jingle, 2. to tinkle.
rmvu& /r\m.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to
play, 2. to sport.
rmUj /r\.muÔ/ fem. 1.
humor, 2. fun.
170
rvrvvu& /r\v.r\v.vu~/
v.intr. to occur a biting sensation on the
tongue.
rivvar /r\.vi.var/ masc.
Sunday.
rvo /r\.vo/ masc. granular flour
of wheat.
rs /r\s/ masc. juice.
rs /r\s/ masc. interest.
rsaksI /r\.sa.k\.si/ fem.
an intense contest.
rsadar /r\.sa.dar/ adj.
juicy.
rsay8 /r\.sa.j\¯/ neut.
chemical.
risk /r\.sik/ adj. romantic.
rsI /r\.si/ fem. a vaccine.
rsId /r\.sid/ fem. a receipt.
rso /r\.so/ masc. thick juice of
cooked vegetables.
rso;yo /r\.so.i.jo/ masc. a
male cook.
rso;8 /r\.so.i.j\¯/ fem.
a female cook.

so: /r\.so.i/ fem. 1. cooking,
2. cooked food.
rso6u& /r\.so.Îu~/ neut. a
kitchen.
rsoXI /r\.so.Æi/ fem. a buglike
tumor.
rSto /r\s.to/ masc. 1. a road, 2.
a cure, 3. a solution.
rSsI /r\s.si/ fem. a thick
string.
rhSy /r\.h\s.j\/ neut. secret.
rhe5a8 /r\.he.ˇ˙a¯/ neut.
1. a house, 2. an abode, 3. a residence.
rhe8Ikr8I /r\.he.¯i.k\r.¯i/
fem. 1. life style,
2. manners.
rhevu& /r\.he.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to
live, 2. to dwell, 3. to reside.
rXvu& /r\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. to earn.
riXyam8u& /r\.�i.ja.m\.¯u~/
adj. 1. beautiful, 2.
pleasant.
r&k /r\˜k/ adj. poor.
r&g /r\˜g/ masc. color.
r&g-Uim /r\˜.g\.b˙u.mi/
fem. a theatre.
r&g7&g /r\˜g.Î˙\˜g/
masc. manners.
171
r&g-ed /r\˜.b˙ed/ masc.
racism.
r&glo /r\˜g.lo/ masc. a
clown.
r&gvu& /r\˜g.vu~/ v.tr. to color.
r&gIn /r\˜.gin/ adj. colorful.
ra: /ra.i/ fem. 1. mustard plant,
2. mustard.
raxs /rak.ß\s/ masc. 1. a
monster, 2. a demon, 3. a devil.
raxsI /rak.ß\.si/ adj. 1.
devilish, 2. monstrous.
ra` /ra.k˙/ fem. ashes.
ra`6I /rak˙.Îi/ fem. a
thread that sisters tie on the arm of the
brothers for their protection.
ra`vu& /rak˙.vu~/ v.tr. to
keep.
ra`o6Iyu& /ra.k˙o.Îi.ju~/
adj. grey.
rag /rag/ masc. tune.
raj /raÔ/ neut. a kingdom.
rajku&vr /raÔ.ku~.v\r/
masc. a prince
rajku&vrI /raÔ.ku~v.ri/
fem. a princess.
rajkar8 /raÔ.ka.r\¯/
neut. politics.

ajkIy /raÔ.ki.j\/ adj.
political.
rajkumar /raÔ.ku.mar/
masc. prince.
rajgadI /raÔ.ga.di/ fem. a
throne.
raj0anI /raÔ.d˙a.ni/ fem.
a state’s capital.
rajnIit /raÔ.ni.ti/ fem.
politics.
rajnEitk /raÔ.n\i.tik/
adj. political.
rajrmt /raÔ.r\.m\t/
fem. diplomacy.
raja /ra.Ôa/ masc. the king.
ra@ /ra.Ôi/ adj. pleased.
rajy /raÔ.j\/ neut. a state.
rajyai-qek /raÔ.ja.b˙i.ßek/
masc. 1.
enthronement, 2. coronation.
ra6 /raÎ/ fem. a shout.
ra8I /ra.¯i/ fem. queen.
ra8Ivas /ra.¯i.vas/ masc.
a harem.
ra8o /\ra.¯o/ masc. a Rajput
king.
rat /rat/ fem. night.
ratidvs /rat.di:.v\s/
adj. day and night.
ratpaXI /rat.pa.Æi/ fem. a
night-shift.
172
ratvaso /rat.va.so/ masc. a
halt for a night.
ratu& /red/ adj. red.
rai{a/rat.ri/ fem. night.
ranI /ra.ni/ adj. wild.
raf6o /rap˙.Îo/ masc. 1. an
ant-hill, 2. a serpent’s burrow.
rab /rab/ fem. gruel.
ram7ol /ram.Î˙ol/ masc.
a big drum.
rampatr /ram.pa.t\r/
neut. a begging-bowl.
ramfX /ram.p˙\Æ/ neut.
a kind of fruit.
ramba8 /ram.ba¯/ neut.
infallible.
ram-roso /ram.b˙\.ro.so/
masc. faith in god.
ram-rose /ram.b˙\.ro.se/
postp. 1. things left
on the faith in god, 2. things left
unattended.
ramrajy /ram.raÔ.j\/ neut.
an ideal state.

amlIla /ram.li.la/ fem. a
folk drama.
ramI /ra.mi/ masc. a gardener.
ramo /ra.mo/ masc. a domestic
servant.
ray8 /ra.j\¯/ fem. a tree.
ray8 /ra.j\¯/ neut. fruits of
ray8 tree.
rav8h(9o /ra.v\¯.h\t˙.t˙o/
masc. a kind of
musical instrument.
ravi8yo /ra.v\.¯i.jo/ masc.
a village-watchman.
raQ4^ /raß.ˇr\/ neut. a nation.
raQ4^Iy /raß.ˇri.j\/ adj.
national.
ras /ras/ masc. a kind of
collective dance.
rasayi8k /ra.sa.j\.¯ik/
adj. chemical.
raht /ra.h\t/ fem. relief.
rahdarI /rah.da.ri/ masc.
a traveler on a foot.
rahbr /rah.b\r/ masc. a
guide.
rahu /ra.hu/ masc. a planet of
that name.
ra&0vu& /ra~d˙.vu~/ v.tr. to
cook.
173
irbavvu& /ri.bav.vu~/ v.tr. 1.
to persecute, 2. to tyrannize.
irvaj /ri.vaÔ/ masc. a custom.
irsavu& /ri:sa.vu~/ v.intr. to be
displeased.
rIzvvu& /ri.Ô˙\v.vu~/ v.tr.
to please.
rI7u& /ri.Î˙u~/ adj. seasoned.
rIt /rit/ fem. 1. method, 2.
style.
rIt-at /rit.b˙at/ masc. pl.
manners.
rItirvaj /rit.ri.vaÔ/
masc. pl. customs.
rI&g8 /ri˜.g\¯/ neut. an
eggplant.
rI&2 /ri~c˙/ neut. a bear.
ruAab /ru.ab/ masc. 1. pomp,
2. grandeur.
rucvu& /ruc.vu~/ exp. to like.
ruic /ru.ci/ fem. liking.
ruickr /ru.ci.k\r/ adj. 1.
tasteful, 2. likable.
rudn /ru.d\n/ neut.
weeping.

ui0r /ru.d˙ir/ neut. blood.
£ /ru/ neut. cotton.
£zvu& /ruÔ˙.vu~/ v.intr. to
be healed.
£5vu& /ruˇ˙.vu~/ v.intr. to be
enraged because of displeasure.
£6u& /ru.Îu~/ adj. graceful.
£7 /ruÎ˙/ adj. traditionally
established.
£i7 /ru.Î˙i/ fem. a custom.
£p /rup/ neut. 1. appearance,
2. form.
£pk /ru.p\k/ neut. a
metaphor.
£pre`a /rup.re.k˙a/
fem. an outline.
£paXu& /ru.pa.Æu~/ adj.
beautiful.
£pa&tr /ru.pa~n.t\r/ neut.
transformation.
£ipyo /ru.pi.jo/ masc.
India’s currency.
£p&u /ru.pu~/ neut. silver.
£b£ /rub.ru/ advb. in the
presence of.
£mzUm /rum.Ô˙um/
advb. with the sounds of jingling
anklets.
£mal /ru.mal/ masc. 1.
towel, 2. handkerchief.
174
£&0vu& /ru~d˙.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
restrict 2. to stop.
re`a /re.k˙a/ fem. a line.
re`a&= /re.ka~mß/ masc. a
longitude.
rec /rec/ masc. a purgative.
re6 /reÎ/ fem. a raid.
re6vu& /reÎ.vu~/ v.tr. to pour.
rei7yaX /re.Î˙i.jaÆ/ adj. 1.
stray, 2. ownerless and wandering.
re7u& /re.Î˙u~/ adj. uncared for
by any one.
re8 /re¯/ neut. a substance for
soldering metals.
retI /re.ti/ fem. sand.
rebzeb /reb.Ô˙eb/ adj.
wet with perspiration.
rel /rel/ fem. flood.
relm2el /re.l\m.c˙el/
fem. an overflow.
relavu& /re.la.vu~/ v.intr. to
spread like a stream.
relo /re.lo/ masc. a small thin
flow.
re=m /re.ß\m/ neut. silken.

esadar /re.sa.dar/ adj.
fibrous.
reso /re.so/ masc. fiber.
re&kvu& /r´~k.vu~/ v.intr. to
bellow (of cow, buffalo).
rok6 /ro.k\Î/ fem. cash.
rok6Iyu& /ro.k\.Îi.ju~/ adj.
dealing in cash.
rokvu& /rok.vu~/ v.tr. to stop.
roka8 /ro.ka¯/ neut. delay.
rog /rog/ masc. disease.
roigyu& /ro.gi.ju~/ adj. sick.
roj /roÔ/ masc. 1. a day, 2. a
date.
roj /roÔ/ masc. a daily wage.
rojnI=I /roÔ.ni.ßi/ fem. a
diary.
rojbroj /roÔ.b\.roÔ/
advb. everyday.
ro@ /ro.Ôi/ fem. maintenance.
rojo /ro.Ôo/ masc. a fast-day for
Muslim.
ro4lI /roˇ.li/ fem. a thin, soft
circular bread of wheat flour.
rotl /ro.t\l/ adj. apt to weep
over trifles.
ronk /ro.n\k/ fem. beauty.
ropvu& /rop.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
plant, 2. to sow.
roma&c /ro.ma~µc/ masc. a
thrill.
rovu& /ro.vu~/ v.intr. to cry.
ro=nI /roß.ni/ fem.
illumination.
roq /roß/ masc. 1. anger, 2.
wrath.
175
rO± /r\u.dr\/ adj. 1. terrible,
2. horrible.
l
lkvo /l\k.vo/ masc.
paralysis.
lx8 /l\k.ß\¯/ neut. 1. a
sign, 2. a symptom, 3. quality.
låmI /l\k.ßmi/ fem. the
wide of lord Vishnu and the goddess of
wealth.
l`pit /l\k˙.p\.ti/ masc.
a millionaire.
l`lU4 /l\k˙.luˇ/ adj.
abundant.
l`vu& /l\k˙.vu~/ v.tr. to
write.

l`a8 /l\.k˙a¯/ neut.
written material.
l`av4 /l\.k˙a.v\ˇ/ fem.
writing.
l`o4I /l\.k˙o.ˇi/ fem. a
marble.
lg6I /l\g.Îi/ fem. a bar of
gold.
lgn /l\.g\n/ neut. marriage.
lg-g /l\g.b˙\g/ advb.
approximately.
lgatar /l\.ga.tar/ advb.
nonstop.
lgam /l\.gam/ fem. 1. the
bit of bridle, 2. control.
lgavvu& /l\.gav.vu~/ v.tr. 1.
to smear with, 2. to join.
lgI /l\.gi/ advb. 1. till, 2. up to.
lgolg /l\.go.l\g/ postp.
very near.
lGn /l\g.n\/ neut. marriage.
l3rv3r /l\.g˙\r.v\.g˙\r/
adj. tattered.
l3u /l\.g˙u/ adj. small.
l3utm /l\.g˙u.t\m/ adj.
minimum.
l3umtI /l\.g˙u.m\.ti/
fem. minority.
lckvu& /l\.c\k.vu~/ v.intr.
to bend down because of burden.
lcko /l\c.ko/ masc. a lump
of a viscous substance.
lcpc /l\c.p\c/ adj.
viscous and doughy.
176
ljam8I /l\.Ôam.¯i/ fem. a
kind of plant whose leaves contract
when we touch.
ljavvu& /l\.Ôav.vu~/ v.tr. to
disgrace.
ljja /l\Ô.Ôa/ fem. modesty.
l4 /l\ˇ/ fem. a thin string of
hair.
l4kvu& /l\.ˇ\k.vu~/ v.intr. to hang.
l4kaXu& /l\ˇ.ka.Æu~/ adj. apt
to walk.
l4ku& /l\ˇ.ku~/ neut. a graceful
expression or physical attitude.
l6t /l\.Î\t/ fem. a fight.
l6vu& /l\Î.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to
fight, 2. to quarrel.
l6a: /l\.Îai/ fem. a battle.
l6ayk /l\.Îa.j\k/ adj. 1.
warlike, 2. inclined to fight.
l78 /l\.Î˙\¯/ fem.
manner.

l8vu& /l\¯.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
reap, 2. to harvest.
lt /l\t/ fem. habit.
l]ao /l\t.to/ masc. 1. a locality,
2. a street.
l96vu& /l\.t˙\Î.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to stumble, 2. to deteriorate.
l96Iyu& /l\.t˙\.Îi.ju~/ neut.
stumbling.
lpkvu& /l\.p\k.vu~/ v.intr.
to be scorched.
lpkaro /l\p.ka.ro/ masc.
repeated scorching or stinging pain.
lp2p /l\p.c˙\p/ fem.
underhand maneuvering.
lp4 /l\.p\ˇ/ fem. . a swoop,
2. a pouncing upon.
lp4vu& /l\.p\ˇ.vu~/ v.tr. to
trap someone.
lp6ak /l\p.Îak/ fem. a
slap.
lplp /l\p.l\p/ fem.
prattle.
lpvu& /l\p.vu~/ v.intr. to hide.
lpsvu& /l\.p\s.vu~/ v.intr.
to slip.
lps8u& /l\.p\s.vu~/ adj.
slippery.
lpavu& /l\.pa.vu~/ v.intr. to
hide oneself.
lpe4vu& /l\.peˇ.vu~/ v.tr. 1.
to wrap, 2. to involve someone.
177
lpe6vu& /l\.peÎ.vu~/ v.tr. to
besmear thickly.
lpe6o /l\.pe.Îo/ masc. a
thick layer.
lPp6 /l\p.p\Î/ fem. a slap.
lPpn2Ppn /l\p.p\n.c˙\p.p\n/
fem. useless
worry or discussion.
lf6ff6 /l\.p˙\Î.p˙\.p˙\Î/
advb. with
disorderly clothing.
lfru& /l\p˙.ru~/ neut. a lump
of the nose-mucus.
lb6vu& /l\.b\Î.vu~/ v.intr.
to hand.
lbaco /l\.ba.co/ masc. a
disorderly collection of cloths, broken
things and etc.
lba6 /l\.baÎ/ adj. roguish.
lm8azI&k /l\m.¯a.Ô˙i~k/
fem. a tedious and useless discussion.
lm8u& /l\m.¯u~/ neut. the
temple.
ly /l\j/ masc. rhythm.

llkar /l\l.kar/ masc. a
loud singing or utterance.
llkarvu& /l\l.kar.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to sing in a lingering tune, 2. to
challenge someone.
llcavu& /l\l.ca.vu~/ v.tr.
to be enticed.
llna /l\l.na/ fem. a beautiful
woman.
lvro /l\v.ro/ masc. a bruise
caused by the nail etc.
lvvu& /l\v.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to
prate, 2. to chatter.
lvajm /l\.va.Ô\m/ neut. a
periodic subscription.
lvadI /l\.va.di/ fem.
pertaining to arbitration.
lvaru& /l\.va.ru~/ neut. 1. a kid
(of goat) 2. a lamb.
lvaro /l\.va.ro/ masc. prattle.
liv&g /l\.vi˜g/ neut. a clove.
liv&igyu& /l\.vi˜.gi.ju~/ adj. as
big as or shaped like a clove.
l+kr /l\ß.k\r/ neut. army.
ls8 /l\.s\¯/ neut. garlic.
lsrko /l\.s\r.ko/ masc. a
scratch.
lso4vu& /l\.soˇ.vu~/ v.tr. to
mash.
lha8I /l\.ha.¯i/ fem. gift
distributing among the relatives.
lhavo /l\.ha.vo/ masc. a
chance.
178
lihyo /l\.hi.jo/ masc. a scribe.
lher /l\.her/ fem. a wave.
lherI /l\.he.ri/ adj. joyful.
lXvu& /l\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. to bend
down.
l&g6u& /l\˜g.Îu~/ adj. 1. lame,
2. cripple.
l&g6o /l\˜g.Îo/ masc. a type
of a mango.
l&gr /l\˜.g\r/ neut. an
anchor.
l&gUr /l\˜.gur/ masc. a
monkey.
l&go4Iyu& /l\˜.go.ˇi.jo/ masc.
childhood (friend).
l&p4 /l\m.p\ˇ/ adj.
adulterous.
l&bcors /l\mb.co.r\s/
adj. rectangular.
l&bodr /l\m.bo.d\r/ adj.
pot-bellied.
lak6I /lak.Îi/ fem. a stick.

lak6u& /lak.Îu~/ neut. 1. wood,
2. timber.
laxi8k /lak.ß\.nik/ adj.
1. peculiar, 2. typical.
la` /lak˙/ fem. sealing-wax.
la` /lak˙/ adj. one hundred
thousand.
la`u& /la.k˙u~/ neut. a birthmark.
lag /lag/ masc. 1. a support, 2.
an opportunity.
lag8I /lag.¯i/ fem.
sentiment.
lagt /la.g\t/ fem. local
taxes.
lagvg /lag.v\g/ fem.
influence (for getting gain illegally).
lagvu& /lag.vu~/ v.exp. to feel.
lagvu& /lag.vu~/ v.intr. to
kindle.
lacar /la.car/ adj. helpless.
laj /laÔ/ fem. 1. credit, 2.
reputation.
la4I /ma.ˇi/ fem. timber-market.
la5I /la.ˇ˙i/ fem. a thick stick.
la6 /laÎ/ masc. pl. endearment.
la6kvayu& /la.Î\k.va.ju~/
adj. beloved (child).
179
la6vo /laÎ.vo/ masc. a kind
of sweet.
la6u /la.Îu~/ masc. a kind of
sweet.
lat /lat/ fem. a kick.
lad /lad/ fem. excretion of
some quadrupeds such as horse.
ladvu& /lad.vu~/ v.tr. to load.
ladI /la.di/ fem. flooring tile.
la0vu& /lad˙.vu~/ v.exp. 1. to
find, 2. to get.
lap4 /la.p\ˇ/ fem. a slap.
laprva /la.p\r.va/ adj.
careless.
lap=I /lap.ßi/ fem. a sweet of
that name.
lafo /la.p˙o/ masc. a slept.
la- /lab˙/ masc. 1. advantage,
2. benefit.
layk /la.j\k/ adj. suitable.
lal /lal/ adj. red.
lalc /la.l\c/ fem. greed.
lalcu& /lal.cu~/ adj. greedy.

lalsa /lal.sa/ fem. intense
desire.
lala= /la.laß/ fem. redness.
lailma /la.li.ma/ fem.
redness.
lalI /la.li/ fem. redness.
lavrI /lav.ri/ fem. a kind of
bird.
lavvu& /lav.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
bring, 2. to fetch, 3. to buy.
la= /laß/ fem. a corpse.
laX /laÆ/ fem. 1. saliva, 2.
spittle.
laXo /la.Æo/ masc. a burning
coal.
la&38 /la~˜.g\¯/ fem. fasting.
la&c /la~c/ fem. a bribe.
la&bu& /la~.bu~/ adj. long.
ili`t /li.k˙it/ adj. written.
iljjt /liÔ.Ô\t/ fem. keen joy.
ilip /li.pi/ fem. script.
illam /li.lam/ neut. auction.
ilso4o /li.so.ˇo/ masc. 1. a thin
line 2. a bruise.
180
il&g /li˜.g\/ neut. 1. a sign, 2.
the idol of Lord Shiva, 3. the generative
organ of the male.
il&bu /lim.bu~/ neut. a lemon.
il&bu6I /lim.bu.Îi/ fem. a
lemon-tree.
il&boXI /lim.bo.Æi/ fem. the
fruit of a neem tree.
lI` /lik˙/ fem. 1. an egg of a
louse, 2. a nit.
lIcI /li.ci/ fem. a kind of fruittree
or its fruit.
lI4I /li.ˇi/ fem. a line.
lIm6I /lim.Îi/ fem. a kind
of neem tree.
lIm6o /lim.Îo/ masc. a
neem tree.
lIlm /li.l\m/ neut. emerald.
lIla /li.la/ fem. play.
lIlalher /li.la.l\.her/
fem. complete happiness.
lIla= /li.laß/ fem. greenness.
lIlu& /li.lu~/ neut. green.
lIsu& /li.su~/ adj. smooth.
lI&4 /li~ˇ/ neut. nasal mucus.
lI&6I& /li~¯.Îi/ fem. excrement of
goat etc.

lI&p8 /li~.p\¯/ neut. daubing
with cow-dung, clay etc.
lI&pvu& /li~p.vu~/ v.tr. to daub
with cow-dung, clay etc.
luCca: /luc.cai/ fem.
cunningness.
luCcu& /luc.cu~/ adj. cunning.
lu2i8yu& /lu.c˙\.¯i.ju~/ neut.
jute cloth for wiping.
lu4aru /lu.ˇa.ru/ masc. a
robber.
luhar /lu.har/ masc. a
blacksmith.
lu&gI /lu˜.gi/ fem. a cylindrical
garment worn round the waist and
covering the legs.
lU /lu/ fem. sunstroke.
lÙ s /lu.k˙\s/ fem. a kind
of skin-disease.
lÙ u& /lu.k˙u~/ adj. dry
(without oil, ghee etc.).
lug6a&l]aa& /lug.Îa~.l\t.ta~/
neut. pl. clothes and
similar other things.
lUg6u& /lug.Îu~/ neut. 1. a
garment, 2. a sari, 3. an article of dress.
lU2vu& /luc˙.vu~/ v.tr. to
wipe.
lU4 /luˇ/ fem. robbing.
lU4vu& /luˇ.vu~/ v.tr. to rob.
lU8 /lu¯/ neut. salt.
181
lU8o /lu.¯o/ masc. the effects
of combination with salt.
lUm /lum/ fem. a bunch.
lUlI /lu.li/ fem. the tongue
(derogatory).
lUlu& /lu.lu~/ adj. lame.
lè /lek˙/ masc. 1. an article,
2. a writing.
lè k /le.k˙\k/ masc. a
writer (male)
lè n /le.k˙\n/ neut.
writing.
lè u& /le.k˙u~/ neut. account.
lè e /le.k˙e/ advb. at the rate.
le8dar /l´¯.dar/ adj. a
creditor.
le8de8 /le¯.de¯/ fem.
relation of financial transaction.
lep /lep/ masc. coating.
lepvu& /lep.vu~/ v.tr. to coat.
lebas /le.bas/ masc.
costume.

le-agu /le.b˙a.gu/ adj.
unreliable (person).
levadeva /le.va.de.va/ fem.
1. relation, 2. concern.
levu& /le.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to take, 2. to
purchase, 3. to accept.
lok /lok/ masc. 1. people, 2. a
mythological region of the universe.
lokk9a /lok.k\.t˙a/ fem.
a folktale.
lokgIt /lok.git/ neut. a
folksong.
lokccaR /lok.c\r.ca/ fem.
popular talk.
lok@vn /lok.Ôi.v\n/
neut. social life.
lokip/y /lok.pri.j\/ adj.
popular.
lok-oGy /lok.b˙og.j\/
adj. capable of being understood by the
masses.
lokmt /lok.m\t/ masc.
public opinion.
lok=ahI /lok.ßa.hi/ fem.
democracy.
lokiht /lok.hit/ neut. public welfare.
lokacar /lo.ka.car/ masc.
social customs.
lokoikt /lo.kok.ti/ fem. a
proverb.
loko]ar /lo.kot.t\r/ adj.
super-human.
182
lo`&6 /lo.k˙\¯Î/ neut. iron.
locn /lo.c\n/ neut. the eye
(poetic).
loco /lo.co/ masc. a lump.
lo4 /loˇ/ masc. 1. flour, 2. fine
powder.
lo4vu& /loˇ.vu~/ v.intr. to roll
on around.
lo7I /lo.Î˙i/ fem. an iron pan.
lo7u& /lo.Î˙u~/ neut. iron.
lop /lop/ masc. 1. merger, 2.
assimilation.
lopvu& /lop.vu~/ v.intr. to
hide.
lofr /lo.p˙\r/ adj. a
vagabond.
lo- /lob˙/ masc. greed.
lo-am8u& /lo.b˙am.¯u~/
adj. enticing.
lo-I /lo.b˙i/ adj. greedy.
lohcu&bk /loh.cum.b\k/
neut. a magnet.
lohIyaX /lo.hi.jaÆ/ adj. 1.
bloody, 2. violent, 3. stained with blood.
lohI /lo.hi/ neut. blood.

lohIwkaXo /lo.hi.u.ka.Æo/
masc. quarrel.
lohIluha8 /lo.hi.lu.ha¯/
adj. bleeding heavily.
lohIva /lo.hi.va/ masc. a
kind of disease related to blood.
loiXyu& /lo.Æi.ju~/ neut. earornament
for women.
lo&do /lø~.do/ masc. a lump of
sticky.
lOikk/l\u.kik/ adj. worldly.
vkrvu& /v\.k\r.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to deteriorate 2. to worsen.
vkro /v\k.ro/ masc. sale.
v
vkIl /v\.kil/ masc. a
lawyer.
vkIlatnamu& /v\.ki.lat.na.mu~/
neut. power of
attorney.
vktVy /v\k.t\v.j\/ neut. a
speech.
vkta /v\k.ta/ masc. a speaker.
v`t /v\.k˙\t/ masc. time.
v`tov`t /v\.k˙\.to.v\.k˙\t/
advb. 1. often,
2. frequently.
v`a8 /v\.k˙a¯/ masc.
praise.
v`a8vu& /v\.k˙a¯.vu~/
v.tr. to praise.
183
v`ar /v\.k˙ar/ fem. a store
house.
v`o6vu& /v\.k˙oÎ.vu~/
v.tr. 1. to find faults, 2. to criticize.
vg6aw /v\g.Îau/ adj.
pertaining to wood.
vg6o /v\g.Îo/ masc.
barren region.
vgr /v\.g\r/ postp. without.
vga6vu& /v\.gaÎ.vu~/ v.tr.
to cause to sound (of musical
instrument).
vga6vu& /v\.gaÎ.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to harm, 2. to injure.
vgere /v\.ge.re/ advb. et
cetera.
vgo /v\.go/ masc. a locality.
vgovvu& /v\.gov.vu~/ v.tr.
to defame.
v3ar /v\.g˙ar/ masc. the
act of sizzling a liquid dish with boiled
mixture of ghee or oil and spices.
v3arvu& /v\.g˙ar.vu~/ v.tr.
to sizzle a liquid dish with boiled ghee or
oil and spices.

vcgaXo /vc.ga.Æo/ masc.
in middle part of time.
vcn /v\.c\n/ neut.
promise.
vcn /v\.c\n/ neut. number
(grammatical).
vclu& /v\c.lu~/ adj. 1. middle,
2. intermediate.
vCce /v\c.ce/ postp. in the
middle.
v2U4vu& /v\.c˙uˇ.vu~/
v.intr. to go off suddenly.
v2eru& /v\.c˙e.ru~/ neut. a
colt.
v2erI /v\.c˙e.ri/ fem. a filly.
v2o6vu& /v\.c˙oÎ.vu~/ v.tr.
to separate.
vjn /v\.Ô\n/ neut. 1.
weight, 2. burden.
v4 /v\ˇ/ masc. reputation.
v4lavu& /v\ˇ.la.vu~/ v.tr. 1.
to become a religious/ caste convert, 2.
to be polluted because of food, drinks
etc.
v4hukm /v\ˇ.hu.k\m/
masc. an ordinance.
v4a8a /v\.ˇa.¯a/ masc. a
kind of beans.
v4av /v\.ˇav/ masc.
discount.
184
v4avvu& /v\.ˇav.vu~/ v.tr. 1.
to exchange a big coin/ bill for smaller
ones, 2. to encash a draft, note or checks
etc.
v4avvu& /v\.ˇav.vu~/ v.tr. to
pass by or cross safely.
v4emaguR /v\.ˇe.mar.gu/
masc. a traveler.
v6 /v\Î/ masc. a banyan tree.
v6vo /v\Î.vo/ masc. an
ancestor.
v6ssro /v\Î.s\s.ro/
masc. father of a father-in-law.
v6sasu /v\Î.sa.su~/ fem.
mother of a father-in-law.
v6Il /v\.Îil/ adj. elder
person in a family.
v6IlopaijRt /v\.Îi.lo.par.Ôit/
adj. acquired or
erned by ancestors.
v6e /v\.Îe/ postp. 1. by, 2.
with.
v7vu& /v\Î˙.vu~/ v.intr. to
quarrel.
v8kr /v\¯.k\r/ masc. a
weaver.
v8jar /v\¯.Ôar/ fem. a
craven.
v8vu& /v\¯.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
weave, 2. to intertwine and make, 3. to
roll bread, 4. to pick or gather crops.

v8svu& /v\.¯\s.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to worsen, 2. to deteriorate.
v8a4 /v\.¯aˇ/ masc. texture.
vtn /v\.t\n/ neut. native
place.
vtnI /v\t.ni/ adj. a native.
vtI /v\.ti/ postp. on behalf of.
vd /v\d/ fem. the dark half of a
lunar month.
vdn /v\.d\n/ neut. the face
(poetic).
v¥I /v\d.di/ fem. reminder
(in mathematics).
v0 /v\d˙/ masc. a slaughter.
v0vu& /v\d˙.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to
grow, 2. to increase.
v0vu& /v\d˙.vu~/ v.intr. to
remain as a residue.
v0a: /v\.d˙a.i/ fem. good
news.
v0am8u& /v\.d˙am.¯u~/
neut. a ceremonial worship of goddess
on an auspicious event.
v0arvu& /v\.d˙ar.vu~/ v.tr.
to increase.
v0arvu& /v\.d˙ar.vu~/ v.tr.
to save.
v0are /v\.d˙a.re/ adj. 1.
more, 2. additional.
v0avvu& /v\.d˙av.vu~/
v.tr. to welcome gladly.
v0u /v\.d˙u/ adj. more.
v0U /v\.d˙u/ fem. a wife.
185
v0ervu& /v\.d˙er.vu~/ v.tr.
to offer as a sacrifice.
vn /v\n/ neut. forest.
vnraj /v\n.raÔ/ masc. the
king of the forest- lion.
vnSpit /v\.n\s.p\.ti/
fem. 1. trees, plants, etc. 2. vegetation.
vpra= /v\p.raß/ masc. 1.
use, 2. consumption.
vfadar /v\.p˙a.dar/ adj.
faithful.
vmn /v\.m\n/ neut.
vomiting.
vmX /v\.m\Æ/ masc.
whirlpool.
vy /v\j/ fem. age.
vyov

vr3o6Iya& /v\r.g˙o.Îi.ja~/
neut. pl. people
accompanying a marriage procession.
vr3o6o /masc./ masc. a
marriage procession.
vr8 /v\.r\¯/ fem. 1. a caste,
2. a social class.
vr8aigyu& /v\r.¯a.gi.ju~/
adj. 1. foppish, 2. vainly showy.
vr8I /v\r.¯i/ fem. selection.
vrtvu& /v\.r\t.vu~/ v.intr.
to behave.
vrtaro /v\r.ta.ro/ masc. 1.
a prediction, 2. a forcast.
vrdan /v\r.dan/ neut.
blessing from a god, a saint etc.
vrmaXa /v\r.ma.Æa/ fem.
the garland that bride puts round the
neck of the bridegroom.
vrraja /v\r.ra.Ôa/ masc. a
bridegroom.
vrvu& /v\r.vu~/ adj. 1. ugly, 2.
misshaped, 3. wicked.
vrsI /v\r.si/ fem. ceremony
performed on the first anniversary of
someone’s death.
vrs /v\.r\s/ neut. year.
vrsad /v\r.sad/ masc.
rain.
vraX /v\.raÆ/ fem. 1. steam,
2. vapor.
viryaXI /v\.ri.ja.Æi/ fem.
fennel seed.
186
virQ5 /v\.riß.ˇ˙\/ adj. chief.
vru /v\.ru/ neut. a wolf.
vre6u& /v\.re.Îu~/ neut. a rope.
vro /v\.ro/ masc. a caste
dinner.
vgR /v\r.g\/ masc. a class.
vgRivg/h /v\rg.vig.r\h/
masc. a class-war.
vcRs /v\r.c\s/ neut.
controlling power.
vcRSvI /v\r.c\s.vi/ adj.
powerful.
v8R /v\r.¯\/ masc. color.
v8R /v\r.¯\/ masc. letter.
v8R /v\r.¯\/ fem. caste.
v8Rn /v\r.¯\n/ neut. 1.
description, 2. narration.
v8Rvvu& /v\r.¯\v.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to describe, 2. to narrate.
v8Rs&kr /v\r.¯\.s\˜.k\r/
adj. born of parents
of different castes or religion.

v8aRnuk/m /v\r.¯a.nu.kr\m/
masc.
alphabetical order.
vtR8U&k /v\r.t\.¯u~k/ fem.
1. behavior, 2. conduct.
vtRn /v\r.t\n/ neut. 1.
behavior, 2. conduct.
vtRman /v\r.t\.man/ adj.
1. present, 2. current.
vtRmankaX /v\r.t\.man.kaÆ/
masc. present tense.
vtRmanp{a /v\r.t\.man.p\t.r\/
neut. a
newspaper.
vtuRX /v\r.tuÆ/ neut. a circle.
vqR /v\r.ß\/ neut. an year.
vqaR¢tu /v\r.ßa.ru.tu/
fem. the rainly season.
vl8 /v\.l\¯/ neut. mental
inclination.
vlo8u& /v\.lo.¯u~/ neut. a
churning rod.
vlopat /v\.lo.pat/ masc.
restlessness and dejection.
vlopaityu& /v\.lo.pa.ti,ju~/
adj. inclined to be restless and deject.
vsit /v\s.ti/ fem. population.
vsvso /v\s.v\.so/ masc.
1. remorse, 2. grudge.
187
vsva4 /v\s.vaˇ/ masc. 1.
residing, 2. dwelling, 3. stay.
vsvu& /v\s.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to
dwell, 2. to reside.
vs&t /v\.s\nt/ fem. the
spring season.
vsa8u& /v\.sa.¯u~/ neut. a
food item made of various spices and
eaten normally in winter.
vsavvu& /v\.sav.vu~/ v.tr.
to cause to live.
vsavvu& /v\.sav.vu~/ v.tr.
to purchase durable things.
vsaht /v\.sa.h\t/ fem. a
settlement.
visyt /v\.si.j\t/ fem.
inheritance.
visytnamu& /v\.si.j\t.na.mu~/
neut. a will.
vsUkvu& /v\.suk.vu~/ v.intr.
to cease yielding milk.
vsUlat /v\.su.lat/ fem. an
act of recovering money.
vStI /v\s.ti/ fem. population.
vStIg8trI /v\s.ti.g\.¯\t.ri/
fem. census.
vStIp{ak /v\s.ti.p\t.r\k/
neut. a census
record.

vStu /v\s.tu/ fem. a thing.
vS{a /v\s.tr\/ neut. a garment.
vha8 /v\.ha¯/ neut. a ship.
vhal /v\.hal/ neut.
affection.
vhI /v\.hi/ fem. an accountbook.
vhIv4 /v\.hi.v\ˇ/ masc.
an administration.
vhIv4I /v\.hi.v\.ˇi/ adj.
administrative.
vhIv&co /v\.hi.v\µ.co/
masc. a bard keeping the record of
genealogical tree.
vhu /v\.hu/ fem. a wife.
vhem /v\.hem/ masc. 1.
suspicion, 2. doubt.
vhemI /v\.he.mi/ adj.
suspicious.
vhelu& /v\.he.lu~/ adj. early.
vhevar /v\.he.var/ masc.
day to day interaction.
vhevaru& /v\.he.va.ru~/ adj.
honest in day to day interaction.
vhevu& /v\.he.vu~/ v.intr. to
flow.
vheiXyu& /v\.he.Æi.ju~/ neut. a
small stream.
vheXo /v\.he.Æo/ masc. a
stream.
vhe&c8I /fem./ fem.
distribution.
188
vhe&cvu& /v\.h´~c.vu~/ v.tr. to
distribute.
vhorvu& /v\.hor.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to purchase 2. to undertake a risk
thoughtlessly.
vX /v\Æ/ masc. a twist.
vXg8 /v\Æ.g\¯/ neut. 1.
a relation, 2. a connection.
vXgvu& /v\.Æ\g.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to cling, 2. to stick to.
vXga6 /v\Æ.gaÎ/ masc. 1.
ghost, 2, an evil spirit.
vXtr /v\Æ.t\r/ neut. 1.
profit, 2. remuneration.
vXvu& /v\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to be
twisted, 2. to be bent.
vXvu& /v\Æ.vu~/ v.intr. to
return.
vXavvu& /v\.Æav.vu~/ v.tr. to
see one off.
vXa&k /v\.Æa~˜k/ masc. a turn.
vXI /v\.Æi/ advb. besides.
v&4oX /v\¯.ˇoÆ/ masc.
whirlwind.

v&4oXIyo /v\¯.ˇo.Æi.jo/ masc.
whirlwind.
v&trI /v\n.t\.ri/ fem. a female
ghost.
v&dn /v\n.d\n/ neut. a
respectful bow.
v&dna /v\n.da.na/ fem. 1. a
bowing, 2. a salutation, 3. a prayer.
v&do /v\n.do/ masc. a
cockroach.
v&= /v\mß/ masc. descendents.
v&=pr&pra /v\mß.p\.r\m.p\.ra/
fem. a femily-tree.
va /va/ advb. or.
va /va/ masc. wind.
va /va/ masc. rheumatism.
vaky /vak.j\/ neut. a sentence.
vagvu& /vag.vu~/ v.exp. 1. to
be injured, 2. to be wounded.
vagvu& /vag.vu~/ v.intr. to be
struck.
vagvu& /vag.vu~/ v.intr. to
strike (of a clock).
vagoXvu& /va.goÆ.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to ruminate, 2. to chew and cud.
va3 /va˙/ masc. tiger.
va38 /va.g˙\¯/ fem.
tigress.
189
vack /va.c\k/ masc. reader.
vacn /\va.c\n/ neut.
reading.
vacnaly /va.c\.na.l\j/
neut. a library.
vaca /va.ca/ fem. a speech
vaCya9R /vac.jar.t˙\/ adj.
literal meaning.
va26I /vac˙.Îi/ fem. a
female calf.
vaj /vaÔ/ adj. tired.
vajape4I /va.Ôa.pe.ˇi/ fem.
a harmonium.
vaij&{a /va.Ôin.tr\/ neut. a
musical organ.
va4 /vaˇ/ fem. a road.
va4 /vaˇ/ fem. a wick.
va4vu& /vaˇ.vu~/ v.tr. to pound
or crush with a muller.
va4a3a4 /va.ˇa.g˙aˇ/ fem.
negotiations.
va6 /vaÎ/ fem. 1. a hedge, 2. a
fence, 3. a railing.
va6kI /vaÎ.ki/ fem. a cuplike
small vessel.

va6ab&0I /va.Îa.b\n.d˙i/
fem. group-ism.
va6I /va.Îi/ fem. a farm of
nursing fruit or flower plants.
va6o /va.Îo/ masc. a backyard.
va7 /vaÎ˙/ masc. 1. a cut, 2. a
wound.
va7vu& /vaÎ˙.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
cut, 2. to reap.
vai8jy /va.¯iÔ.j\/ neut. 1.
trade, 2. commerce.
vai8y8 /va.¯i.j\¯/ fem. 1.
a woman belonging to the Vania caste,
2. a Vani’s wife.
vai8yo /va.¯i.jo/ masc. a man
of the Vania caste.
va8I /va.¯i/ fem. speech.
vat /vat/ fem. 1. a story, 2. a
narrative.
vatcIt /vat.cit/ fem.
conversation.
vatavr8 /va.ta.v\.r\¯/
neut. atmosphere.
vaTsLy /vat.s\l.j\/ neut.
affection.
vad /vad/ masc. 1. debate, 2.
ism.
vadX /va.d\Æ/ neut. a cloud.
vadiXyu& /va.d\.Æi.ju~/ adj.
cloudy.
190
vadXu& /va.d\Æ/ neut. a cloud.
van /van/ masc. complexion.
vangI /van.gi/ fem. an item.
vanr /va.n\r/ masc. a
monkey.
vam8u& /vam.¯u~/ adj.
inferior.
vamn /va.man/ adj.
dwarfish.
vay6a: /vaj.Îai/ fem. over
wisdom.
vay6u& /vaj.Îu~/ adj. causing
gas in the body.
vaydo /vaj.do/ masc. 1.
promise, 2. a forward transaction.
vayro /vaj.ro/ masc. wind.
vayro /vaj.ro/ masc. a
popular or current trend.
vayVy /va.j\v.j\/ adj. North-
West.
vayu /va.ju/ masc. 1. wind, 2.
air.
vayu /va.ju/ masc. 1. gas, 2.
indigestion.
varvu& /var.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
restraint, 2. to prohibit.

vars /va.r\s/ masc. an
inheritor.
varsagt /var.sa.g\t/
adj. hereditary.
varso /var.so/ masc. 1.
legacy, 2. heritage, 3. inheritance.
var&var /va.r\m.var/ advb.
1. repeatedy, 2. now and again.
varafrtI /va.ra.p˙\r.ti/
advb. one after another.
vare36Iye /va.re.g˙\.Îi.je/
advb. frequently.
varo /va.ro/ masc. turn.
vataR /var.ta/ fem. 1. a stroy, 2.
a narrative.
vaiqRk /var.ßik/ adj. 1.
yearly, 2. annual.
val /val/ masc. a kind of pluse.
valoX /va.loÆ/ fem. a green
pod of kind of pulse used as a vegetable.
vav /vav/ fem. a step-well.
vav4o /vav.ˇo/ masc. a flag.
vav6 /va.v\Î/ masc. 1.
whereabouts, 2. news.
vav8I /vav.¯i/ fem. a
sowing.
vavu& /va.vu~/ v.intr. to blow.
191
vavu& /va.vu~/ v.tr. to give a birth
to a calf.
vavetr /va.ve.t\r/ neut. 1.
sowing, 2. planting.
vas /vas/ masc. a locality.
vas /vas/ fem. smell.
vas8 /va.s\¯/ neut. 1. a
vessel, 2. a utensil.
vas8kUs8 /va.s\¯.ku.s\¯/
neut. pl. kitchen
utensils.
vasna /vas.na/ fem. 1. desire
for worldly happiness, 2. passion.
vasvuU& /vas.vu~/ v.tr. to close.
vasI /va.si/ adj. stale.
vaStv /vas.t\v/ neut. a
reality.
vaStivk /vas.t\.bik/ adj.
real.
vaStu /vas.tu/ neut. a ritual
performed before occupying a house.
vaStupUja /vas.tu. pu.Ôa./
fem. a ritual performed before
occupying a house.
vah /vah/ advb. 1. well-done,
2. bravo.
vahn /va.h\n/ neut. a
vehicle.

vaihyat /va.hi.jat/ adj. 1.
hollow, 2. bogus.
vaX /vaÆ/ masc. hair.
vaXvu& /vaÆ.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
bend, 2. to roll.
vaXvu& /vaÆ.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
repay, 2. to return.
vaXvu& /vaÆ.vu~/ v.tr. to sweep.
vaXvu& /vaÆ.vu~/ v.tr. to
change the direction of a vehicle, water
etc.
vaX&d /va.Æ\nd/ masc. a
barber.
vaXI /va.Æi/ fem. a nose-ring.
vaXo /va.Æo/ masc. a metallic
wire.
va&k /va~k/ masc. 1. fault, 2.
defect.
va&k6o /va~k.Îo/ masc. dowry
given to the bridegroom by the bride
side.
va&ku& /va~.ku~/ adj. 1. crooked, 2.
bent, 3. curved.
va&ku&cUku& /va~.ku~.cu~.ku~/
adj. zigzag.
va&3u& /va~.g˙u~/ neut. a ravine.
va&cn /va~.c\n/ neut. a
reading.
va&cvu& /va~c.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
read, 2. to decipher.
va&z8u& /va~Ô˙.¯u~/ adj. 1.
barren, 2. childless.
va&7o /va~.Î˙o/ masc. a
bachelor on compusion.
192
va&dro /va~d.ro/ masc. a male
monkey.
va&drI /va~d.ri/ fem. a female
monkey.
va&dru& /va~d.ru~/ neut. a
monkey.
va&0o /va~.d˙o/ masc. 1.
opposition, 2. objection, 3. dispute.
va&s /va~s/ masc. a bamboo.
va&sl6I /va~.s\l.Îi/ fem. a
flute.
va&sXI /va~s.Æi/ fem. a flute.
va&so /va~.so/ masc. the back.
ivk4 /vi.k\ˇ/ adj. 1. tough, 2.
difficult.
ivkraX /vik.raÆ/ adj.
terrible.
ivkLp /vi.k\l.p\/ masc. an
alternative.
ivksvu& /vi.k\s.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to grow, 2. to develop, 3. to increase.
ivkist /vik.sit/ adj.
developed.

ivkar /vi.kar/ masc.
deterioration.
ivkarI /vi.ka.ri/ adj. apt to
change.
ivkas /vi.kas/ masc. 1.
growth, 2. development.
ivk

ivtr8 /vit.r\¯/ neut. distribution.
ivta6vu& /vi.taÎ.vu~/ v.tr. to
harass.
ivday /vi.daj/ fem. a
departure.
ividt /vi.dit/ adj. known.
ivduqI /vi.du.ßi/ fem. a
learned woman.
ivdUqk /vi.du.ß\k/ masc.
a clown.
ivde= /vi.deß/ masc. a foreign
country.
ivde=I /vi.de.ßi/ adj. foreign.
ivd\yman /vid.j\.man/
adj. 1. existing, 2. present.
ivd\ya /vid.ja/ fem. knowledge.
ivd\yapI5 /vid.ja.piˇ˙/
fem. an educational institution.
ivd\ya9IR /vid.jar.t˙i/ masc.
a male student.
ivd\ya9IRnI /vid.jar.t˙i.ni/
fem. a female student.
ivd\yut /vid.jut/ fem. 1.
lightning, 2. electricity.
iv±oh /vid.roh/ masc. a
mutiny.
ivd\vta /vid.v\.ta/ fem.
knowledge.
194
ivd\van /vid.van/ masc. 1. a
learned man, 2. a scholar.
iv0va /vid˙.va/ fem. a
widow.
iv0vaivvah /vid˙.va.vi.vah/
masc. a widow’s
re-marriage.
iv0ata /vi.d˙a.ta/ fem. the
creator of the universe.
iv0a{aI /vi.d˙at.ri/ fem. the
goddess of destiny.
iv0an /vi.d˙an/ neut. a
statement.
iv0ayk /vi.d˙a.j\k/ adj.
constructive.
ivi0 /vi.d˙i/ fem. the god of
destiny.
ivi0 /vi.d˙i/ fem. ritual.
iv0ur /iv.d˙ur/ adj.
widower.
ivny /vi.n\j/ masc.
humbleness.
ivnv8I /vi.n\v.¯i/ fem. a
request.
ivn&tI /vi.n\n.ti/ fem. a
request.
ivna /vi.na/ postp. except.
ivna= /vi.naß/ masc. 1.
destruction, 2. extinction.

ivna=I /vi.na.ßi/ adj.
destructive.
ivinmy /vi.ni.maj/ masc.
1. exchange, 2. barter.
ivnod /vi.nod/ masc. joy.
ivpi]a /vi:.p\t.ti/ fem. 1. a
calamity, 2. misery, 3. trouble.
ivp9 /vi.p\t˙/ masc. wrong
path.
ivprIt /vip.rit/ adj.
opposite.
ivpul /vi.pul/ adj. abundant.
ivp/ /vip.r\/ masc. a Brahmin.
ivPlv /vip.l\v/ masc. a
revolt.
iv-kt /vi.b˙\k.t\/ adj.
divided.
iv-ikt /vi.b˙\k.ti/ fem. a
case.
iv-ag /vi.b˙ag/ masc. a
section.
iv-ajk /vi.b˙a.Ô\k/ adj.
dividing.
iv-ajn /vi.b˙a.Ô\n/ neut. division.
iv-ajy /vi.b˙aÔ.j\/ adj.
divisible.
195
ivi-Nn /vi.b˙in.n\/ adj. 1.
different, 2. separate.
iv-Uit /vi.b˙u.ti/ fem. a
superman.
ivml /vi.m\l/ adj. pure.
ivman /vi.man/ neut. an
aircraft.
ivmanm9k /vi.man.m\.t˙\k/
neut. an
airport.
ivmu` /vi.muk˙/ neut.
unfavorable.
ivyavu& /vi.ja.vu~/ v.intr. (of
beasts) to give birth.
ivrmvu& /vi.r\m.vu~/ v.intr.
to stop.
ivrh /vi.r\h/ masc.
separation from dear ones.
ivragI /vi.ra.gi/ adj. a
hermit.
ivra4 /vi.raˇ/ adj. 1. huge, 2.
magnificent.
ivram /vi.ram/ masc. 1. rest,
2. pause.
ivro0 /vi.rod˙/ masc. 1. an
objection, 2. opposition.
ivro0a-as /v.ro.d˙a.b˙as/
masc. mere
apparent opposition.

ivlx8 /vi.l\k.ß\¯/ adj.
peculiar.
ivly /vi.l\j/ masc.
dissolution.
ivlsvu& /vi.l\s.vu~/ v.intr. 1.
to shine, 2. to glitter.
ivlap /vi.lap/ masc.
lamentation.
ivlayt /vi.la.j\t/ neut.
England.
ivlaytI /vi.la.j\.ti/ adj. 1.
made in England, 2. foreign.
ivlavu& /vi.la.vu~/ v.intr. to
wither.
ivlas /vi.las/ masc.
merriment.
ivvr8 /viv.r\¯/ neut. 1.
criticism, 2. commentary.
ivvad /vi.vad/ masc. a
controversy.
ivvadaSpd /vi.va.da.sp\d/
adj. controversial.
ivvah /vi.vah/ masc. 1.
betrothal, 2. marriage.
iviv0 /vi.vid˙/ adj. various.
iviv0ta /vi.vid˙.ta/ fem.
variety.
ivvek /vi.vek/ masc.
politeness.
196
ivveck /vi.ve.c\k/ masc. a
critic.
ivvecn /vi.ve.c\n/ neut.
criticism.
ivvecna /vi.ve.c\.na/ fem.
interpretation.
iv=d /vi.ß\d/ adj. clear
(argument etc.)
iv=aX /vi.ßaÆ/ adj. large.
ivi=Q4 /vi.ßiß.t\/ adj. peculiar.
iv=e /vi.ße/ postp. about.
iv=eq /vi.ßeß/ adj. additional.
iv=eqtŠ /vi.ßeß.t\h/ advb.
especially.
iv=eqta /vi.ßeß.ta/ fem.
difference.
iv[aam /vis.ram/ masc. rest.
iv¿leq8 /viß.le.ß\¯/ neut.
analysis.
iv¼ /viß.v\/ neut. the universe.
iv¼as /ivß.vas/ masc. 1.
trust, 2. confidence.
iv¼as3at /viß.vas.g˙at/
masc. betrayal.
iv¼as3atI /viß.vas.g˙a.ti/
adj. a betrayer
person.

ivq /viß/ neut. poison.
ivq0r /viß.d˙\r/ masc. a
serpent.
ivqm /vi.ß\m/ adj. unequal.
ivqy /vi.ß\j/ masc. 1. a
perceivable object, 2. subject
ivqyaNtr /vi.ßa.jan.t\r/
neut. digression.
ivqad /vi.ßad/ masc. 1.
dejection, 2. grief.
ivqe /vi.ße/ postp. about.
ivsgR /vi.s\r.g\/ masc. the
sign (:).
ivsjRn /vi.s\r.Ô\n/ neut.
dissolution.
ivsamo /vi.sa.mo/ masc. a
halt for resting.
ivStrvu& /vis.t\r.vu~/ v.intr.
to spread out.
ivStar /vis.tar/ masc. 1. an
area, 2. extension.
ivStarpUvRk /vis.tar.pur.v\k/
adj. 1. at
length, 2. in detail.
ivStarvu& /vis.tar.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to extend, .2 to expand.
ivSfo4 /vis.p˙oˇ/ masc.
explosive.
ivSmy /vis.m\j/ neut. 1. a
wonder, 2. a surprise, 3. an
astonishment.
ivSmr8 /vis.m\.r\¯/
neut. forgetting.
ivhrvu& /vi.h\r.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to stroll, 2. to walk for a pleasure.
ivhar /vi.har/ masc. 1. a
stroll, 2. a leisurely walk.
ivhIn /vi.hin/ adj. devoid
of.
ivh\vX /vih.v\Æ/ adj.
puzzled and upset.
vI`rvu& /vi.k˙\r.vu~/
v.intr. to dispersed.
vIgt /vi.g\t/ fem. details.
197
vI2Xvu& /vi.c˙\Æ.vu~/ v.tr.
to cleanse (utensils etc.)
vIjXI /viÔ.Æi/ fem. 1.
lightening, 2. electricity.
vI8vu& /vi¯.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
pick, 2. to pluck.
vI8a /vi.¯a/ fem. a lute.
vInvvu& /vi.n\v.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to entreat, 2. to request.
vIfrvu& /vi.p˙\r.vu~/
v.intr. to become uncontrolled because
of anger.
vImo /vi.mo/ masc. insurance.

vIr /vir/ adj. brave.
vIrta /vir.ta/ fem. bravery.
vIyR /vir.j\/ neut. semen.
vI=I /vi.ßi/ fem. an inn.
vI&2I /vi~.c˙i/ masc. a scorpian
(male).
vI&28 /vi~.c˙\¯/ fem. a
scorpian (female).
vI&j8o /vi~Ô.¯o/ masc. a fan.
vI&4vu& /vi~ˇ,vu~/ v.tr. to wrap.vI&4I /vi~.ˇi/
fem. an ornamental ring.
vI&4o /vi~.ˇo/ masc. a roll.
vI&0vu& /vi~d˙.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
bore, 2. to pierce, 3. to prick.
v

ver82er8 /ve.r\¯.c˙e.r\¯/
advb. scattered.
vervu& /ver.vu~/ v.tr. to scatter.
veragI /ve.ra.gi/ masc. an
ascetic.
veran /ve.ran/ adj. 1.
desolate, 2. uninhabitated.
vero /ve.ro/ masc. 1. a tax, 2. a
toll.
vel8 /ve.l\¯/ neut. a rollingpin.
velo /ve.lo/ masc. a creeper.
vevla: /vev.lai/ fem. overwisdom.
veva: /ve.vai/ masc. the
father-in-law of one’s son or daughter.
veiv=aX /ve.vi.ßaÆ/ neut.
betrothal.
ve= /veß/ masc. 1. dress, 2.
costume.
ve+ya /veß.ja/ fem. prostitute.
vEkiLpk /v\i.k\l.pik/ adj.
optional.
vE}aaink /v\ig.na.nik/
masc. a scientist.
vE}aaink /v\ig.na.nik/
adj. scientific.
vEd /v\id/ masc. a doctor.
vE0Vy /v\i.d˙\v.j\/ neut.
widowhood.
199
vE=a` /v\i.ßak˙/ masc. the
seventh month of the Vikram year.
vEQ8v /v\iß.¯\v/ masc. a
sect of Hinuism so named.
Vyikt /vj\k.ti/ fem. 1. an
individual, 2. a person.
Vyg/ /vjg.r\/ adj. puzzled.
Vyg/ta /vj\.gr\.ta/ fem.
uneasiness.
Vy9a /vj\.t˙a/ fem. pain.
Vyi-car /vj\.b˙i.car/
masc. immoral sexual relation.
Vyi-carI /vj\.b˙i.ca.ri/
adj. an immoral man.
Vyi-carI8I /vj\.b˙i.ca.ri.¯i/
adj. an immoral
woman.
Vy9R /vj\r.t˙\/ adj. useless.
Vyvsay /vj\v.saj/ masc.
activity.
VyvS9a /vj\.v\s.t˙a/ fem.
1. a proper arrengement, 2, a proper
management.
Vyvhar /vj\v.har/ masc.
a social interaction.

Vyvharku=X /vj\v.har.ku.ß\Æ/
adj. 1.
practical, 2. good at social interaction.
Vyvharu /vj\v.ha.ru/ adj.
feasible.
Vysn /vj\.s\n/ neut. a bad
habit.
VySt /vj\s.t\/ adj. dispersed.
Vy&g /vj\˜.g\/ masc. satirical.
Vy&jn /vj\µ.Ô\n/ masc. a
consonant.
Vyakr8 /vjak.r\¯/ neut.
grammar.
Vya~ya /vja.k˙ja/ fem.
definition.
Vya~yata /vjak˙.ja.ta/ masc.
a lecturer.
Vya~yan /vjak˙.jan/ neut. a
lecture.
Vyaj /vjaÔ/ neut. interest (on
money).
Vyai0 /vja.d˙i/ masc. 1. a
disease, 2. a sickness.
Vyap /vjap/ masc. spreed.
Vyapk /vja.p\k/ adj.
widespread.
Vyapar /vja.par/ masc.
business.
Vyayam /vja.jam/ masc.
exercise.
VyuTpi]a /vjut.p\t.ti/ fem.
etymology.
v/t /vr\t/ neut. a moral or
religous vow.
=
=k /ß\k/ masc. 1. doubt, 2.
suspicion.
=kdar /ß\k.dar/ adj.
suspected (person).
=km&d /ß\k.m\nd/ adj.
suspicious.
=kro /ß\k.ro/ masc. 1. a
hawk, 2. a falcon.
200
=kvu& /ß\k.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to be
able, 2. to be possible.
=kkiryu& /\ß\k.k\.ri.ju~/
neut. a sweet potato.
=kkl /ß\k.k\l/ fem. face.
=ikt /ß\k.ti/ fem. 1. strength, 2.
force.
=iktpUjk /ß\k.ti.pu.Ô\k/
adj and masc. a
worshipper of the goddess.
=iktpUja /ß\k.ti.pu.Ôa/
fem. worship of the goddess.
=ky /ß\k.j\/ adj. possible.

=kyta /ß\k.j\.ta/ fem.
possibility.
=8 /ß\¯/ neut. a plat of jute.
=8gar /ß\¯.gar/ masc.
beauty-aids.
=taBdI /ß\.tab.di/ fem. 1. a
century, 2. a centenary.
={au /ß\t.ru/ masc. an enemy.
=p9 /ß\.p\t˙/ masc. 1. oath,
2. vow.
=b /ß\b/ neut. a corpse.
=Bd /ß\b.d\/ masc. a word.
=Bdkoq /ß\b.da.koß/
masc. a dictionary.
=mvu& /ß\m.vu~/ v.intr. to be
pacified.
=ytan /ß\j.tan/ masc.
Satan.
=r8 /ß\.r\¯/ neut. shelter.
=r8agit /ß\r.¯a.g\.ti/
fem. 1. submission, 2. surrender.
=r8a9IR /ß\r.¯ar.t˙i/ adj.
and masc. a refugee.
=r8a: /ß\r.¯ai/ fem. a
musical instrument.
=rt /ß\.r\t/ fem. 1. a bet, 2. a
condition.
=rdI /ß\r.di/ fem. cold.
201
=rbt /ß\r.b\t/ neut. cold
drink.
=rm /ß\.r\m/ fem. 1.
modesty, .2 shame.
=rmavu& /ß\r.ma.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to blush, 2. to crestfallen.
=rmaX /ß\r.maÆ/ adj. shy.
=raf /ß\.rap˙/ masc. a
banker.
=rafI /ß\.ra.p˙i/ adj.
related to banking.
=rab /ß\.rab/ masc. 1. wine,
2. liquor.
=rabI /ß\.ra.bi/ adj. and
masc. a drunkard.
=rIf /ß\.rip˙/ adj.
respectable.
=rIr /ß\.rir/ neut. the body.
=rIrrcna /ß\.rir.r\c.na/
fem. anatomy.
=rIrs&b&0 /ß\.rir.s\m.ban.d˙\/
masc. sexual
relation.
=£Aat /ß\.ru.at/ fem. a
beginning.
=S{a /ß\ß.tr\/ neut. a weapon.

=S{aik/ya /ß\ß.tr\.kri.ja/
fem. 1. surgery, 2. surgical operation.
=hId /ß\.hid/ adj. and masc.
martyr.
=hIdI /ß\.hi.di/ fem.
martyrdom.
=hen=ah /ß\.hen.ßah/
masc. an emperor.
=her /ß\.her/ neut. a city.
=&ka /ß\˜.ka/ fem. 1. suspicion,
2. doubt.
=&ka=Il /ß\˜.ka.ßil/ adj. 1.
doubting, 2. suspicious.
=&kaSpd /ß\˜.ka.sp\d/
adj. 1. doubtful, 2. uncertain.
=&` /ß\˜k˙/ masc. a conch.
=ak /ßak/ neut. edible
vegetable.
=akaharI /ßa.ka.ha.ri/ adj.
vegetarian.
=a` /ßak˙/ fem. 1. credit, 2.
reputation.
=a`a /ßa.k˙a/ fem. a branch.
=a8u& /ßa.¯u~/ adj. wise.
=ap /ßap/ masc. a curse.
=aba= /ßa.baß/ excl. 1. bravo,
2. well-done.
=aiBdk /ßab.dik/ adj. verbal.
=ayr /ßa.j\r/ masc. a poet.
202
=arvu& /ßar.vu~/ v.tr. to make a
hole.
=arIirk /ßa.ri.rik/ adj.
bodily.
=al /ßal/ fem. a shawl.
=ask /ßa.ß\k/ masc. a ruler.
=asn /ßa.s\n/ neut.
governance.
=aS{a /ßas.tr\/ neut. a scripture.
=aS{aa9R /ßas.tra.rt˙\/ masc.
interpretation of scriptures.
=ahm

i=x8 /ßik.ß\¯/ neut. 1.
education, 2. teaching.
i=xa /ßik.ßa/ fem. 1. teaching, 2.
education, 3. punishment.
i=ixka /ßik.ßi.ka/ fem. a
female teacher.
i=ixt /ßk.ßit/ adj. educated.
i=`r /ßi.k˙\r/ neut. a peak.
i=`&6 /ßi.k˙\¯Î/ masc. a
kind of sweet.
i=`a /ßi.k˙a/ fem. 1. a tuft, 2. a
pigtail, 3. a crest, 3. a flame of a lamp.
i=`aw /ßi.k˙a.u/ adj.
learning.
i=`am8 /ßi.k˙a.m\¯/
fem. instruction.
i=i9l /ßi.t˙il/ adj. loose.
i=ibr /ßi.bir/ masc. 1. a tent,
2. a camp.
i=yaX /ßi.jaÆ/ neut. a fox.
i=yaXu& /ßi.ja.Æu~/ adj. grown or
produced in winter.
i=yaXo /ßi.ja.Æo/ masc. winter.
i=r /ßir/ neut. the head.
i=ra /ßi.ra/ fem. a bllod-vessel.
i=la /ßi.la/ fem. a slab of stone.
i=Lp /ßil.p\/ neut. a sculpture.
i=Lp=aS{a /ßil.p\.ßas.tr\/
neut. architecture.
i=Lp=aS{aI /ßil.p\.ßas.tri/
masc. an architect.
i=LpI /ßil.pi/ masc. a sculptor.
i=vra{aI /ßiv.rat.ri/ fem.
the night of Lord Shiva’s festival.
203
i=i=r /ßi.ßir/ fem. the later half
of winter.
i==u /ßi.ßu/ neut. 1. a child, 2. an
infant.
i=¿n /ßiß.n\/ masc. the penis.
i=Q4acar /ßiß.ta.car/ masc.
politeness.
i=Qy /ßiß.j\/ masc. 1. a male
student, 2. a male disciple.
i=Qya /ßiß.ja/ fem. 1. a female
student, 2. a female disciple.
i=St /ßis.t\/ fem. discipline.
i=&g /ßi˜g/ fem. a pod.
i=&g6u& /ßi˜g.Îu~/ neut. a horn.
=I` /ßik˙/ fem. advice.
=I` /ßik˙/ masc. a community
so named.
=I`vu& /ßik˙.vu~/ v.tr. to
learn.

=ItXa /ßit.Æa/ fem. smallpox.
(honorific)
=Iro /ßi.ro/ masc. a kind of
sweet.
=I=I /ßi.ßi/ fem. a small bottle.
=I=o /ßi.ßo/ masc. a big bottle.
=IXva /ßiÆ.va/ masc. pl. a kind
of skin disease.
=ukn /ßu.k\n/ masc. hon. an
omen.
=uk/var /ßuk.r\.var/ masc.
Friday.
=u)0 /ßud˙.d˙\/ adj. 1.
clean, 2. pure.
=ui)0 /ßud˙.d˙i/ fem.
purification.
=u- /ßub˙/ adj. auspicious.
=u-eC2k /ßu.b˙ec.c˙\k/
adj. a well-wisher.
=u-eC2a /ßu.b˙ec.c˙a/ fem.
a well-wishing.
=UNy /ßun.j\/ neut. 1. zero, 2.
nothingness.
=UrvIr /ßur.vir/ masc. a
brave person.
=UX /ßuÆ/ fem. dry thorn.
=

+yam /ßjam/ masc. The Lord
Krishna.
[a)0a /ßr\d.d˙a/ fem. 1.
trust, 2. faith, .3 belief.
[a)0aXu& /ßr\d.d˙a.Æu~/ adj.
devotional.
[av8 /ßr\.v\¯/ neut. an act
of hearing.
[aav8 /ßra.v\¯/ masc. the
tenth month of a Vikram year.
[aI /ßri/ masc. an auspicious word
used in the beginning of a writing.
[aeiQ5 /ßreß.ˇ˙i/ masc. a great
merchant.
[aota /ßro.ta/ adj. 1. a hearer, 2.
a listener.
¿lok /ßlo.ka/ masc. a stanza.
¿van /ßva.na/ masc. a dog.
¿vas /ßva.s\/ masc. breathing.
¿vet /ßve.ta/ adj. white.
q4\kmR /ß\ˇ.k\r.m\/ masc.
pl. the six duties of Brahmins.
q
q4\ko8 /ß\ˇ.ko¯/ masc.
hexagonal.
q4\pd /ß\ˇ.p\d/ adj. six
footed.
q6\d=Rn /ß\Î.d\r.ß\n/
neut. pl. the six different systems of
Vedic philosophy.
qiQ4 /ß\ß.ˇi/ adj. sixty.
s
s: /s\i/ masc. a tailor
205
skmRk /s\.k\r.m\k/ adj.
a transitive verb.
skX /s\.k\Æ/ adj. fortunate.
sk&jo /s\.k\µ.Ôo/ masc. 1. a
gripping machine, 2. a grip.
sik/y/s\k.ri.j\/ adj. active.
s`8u& /s\k˙.¯u~/ adj. 1.
quiet, 2. tranquil.
s`X6`X /s\.k˙\Æ.Î\.k˙\Æ/
adj. loose.
s`avt /s\.k˙a.v\t/ fem.
donation.
s`I /s\.k˙i/ fem. a female
friend.
s`ed /s\.k˙ed/ advb. sadly.
s~t /s\k˙.t\/ adj. hard.
s~ta: /s\k˙.ta.i/ fem.
hardness.

sg6 /s\.g\Î/ masc. 1. footprints
etc. 2. traces.
sgp8 /s\g.p\¯/ neut.
relation.
sg-aR /s\.g\r.b˙a/ fem.
pregnant.
sgv6 /s\g.v\Î/ fem. 1.
provision, 2. comfort.
sgIr /s\.gir/ adj. minor
(age)
sgu8 /s\.gu¯/ adj. 1.
attributes, 2. qualities.
sgu&vhalu& /s\.gu~.v\.ha.lu~/
neut. relative.
sgu&s&b&0I /s\.gu.s\m.b\n.d˙i/
neut. relatives etc.
sgo{a /s\.got.r\/ adj.
having a common ancestor.
s3n /s\.g˙\n/ adj. 1.
dense, 2. solid.
s3Xu& /s\g˙.Æu~/ adj. entire.
sic{a /s\.cit.r\/ adj.
illustrated.
sco4 /s\.coˇ/ adj. unfailing.
sCca: /s\c.cai/ fem. honesty.
sjnI /s\Ô.ni/ fem. a female
friend.
206
sjvu& /s\Ô.vu~/ v.tr. to put on
clothes, ornaments.
sja /s\.Ôa/ fem. punishment.
sjatIy /s\.Ôa.ti.j\/ adj. of
the same sex.
sjav4 /s\.Ôa.v\ˇ/ fem.
decoration.
s@v /s\.Ôiv/ adj. animate.
s@vn /s\.Ôi.v\n/ adj.
living.
sjj /s\Ô.Ô\/ adj. equipped.
sjjn /s\Ô.Ô\n/ masc. a
gentleman.
s4Ik /s\.ˇik/ adj. with
commentary.
s4oi6yo /s\.ˇo.Îi.jo/ masc.
a speculator.
s4os4 /s\.ˇo.s\ˇ/ advb.
repeatedly.
s4\4o /s\ˇ.ˇo/ masc. a risky
transaction in forward market.
s6k /s\.Î\k/ adj.
wonderstruck.
s6k /s\.Î\k/ fem. a wellbuilt
road.
s6vu& /s\Î.vu~/ v.intr. to rot.
s6s5 /s\Î.s\ˇ˙/ adj.
sixty seven.

s6s6a4 /s\Î.s\.Îaˇ/
advb. non-stop.
s6o /s\.Îo/ masc. 1. rot, .2
moral degeneration.
s7 /s\Î˙/ masc. a ship’s sail.
s8ko /s\¯.ko/ masc. a
shooting pain.
stt /s\.t\t/ advb. non-stop.
stam8I /s\.ta.m\.¯i/
fem. 1. harassment, 2. teasing.
stej /s\.teÔ/ adj. shining
brightly.
sTkmR /s\t.k\r.m\/ neut. a
benevolent work.
sTkar /s\t.kar/ masc. 1.
welcome, 2. reception.
sTkarvu& /s\t.kar.vu~/ v.tr.
to welcome.
s]ar /s\t.t\r/ adj. seventeen.
s]aa /s\t.ta/ fem. 1. authority,
2. power.
s]aavar /s\t.ta.var/ adj. 1.
officially, 2. authentic.
s]aa8u& /s\t.ta.¯u~/ adj. ninety
seven.
s]aavn /s\t.ta.v\n/ adj.
fifty seven.
s]aavIs /s\t.ta.vis/ adj.
twenty seven.
s]v /s\t.v\/ neut. essence.
207
sTpuruq /s\t.pu.ruß/ masc. a virtuous
man.
sTy /s\t.j\/ neut. truth.
sTy /s\t.j\/ adj. true.
sTyvadI /s\.tj\va.di/ adj.
truthful.
sTyag/h /s\.tja.gr\h/
masc. insistence on truth or
righteousness.
sTyana= /s\.tja.naß/ neut.
annihilation.
sTs&g /s\t.s\˜g/ masc.
company of saints.
sd&tr /s\.d\n.t\r/ advb.
absolutely.
sda /s\.da/ advb. always.
sdakaX /s\.da.kaÆ/ advb.
forever.
sdacr8 /s\.da.c\.r\¯/
neut. moral conduct.
sdacar /s\.da.car/ masc. a
moral conduct.
sdI /s\.di/ fem. a century.
sd\gt /s\d.g\t/ adj. having
attained salvation.

sd\git /s\d.g\.ti/ fem.
salvation.
sd\gu8 /s\d.gu¯/ masc. a
virtue.
sd\g

sfr /s\.p˙\r/ fem. 1. a
travel, 2. a journey.
sfrjn /s\.p˙\r.Ô\n/
neut. an apple.
sfX /s\.p˙\Æ/ adj. 1.
fruitful, 2. successful.
sfa: /s\.p˙a.i/ fem.
cleanliness.
sfac4 /s\.p˙a.c\ˇ/ advb.
totally used up.
sfaXu& /s\.p˙a.Æu~/ adj.
stunned.
sfed /s\.p˙ed/ adj. white.
sbk /s\.b\k/ masc. a moral.
sb6ko /s\.b\Î.ko/ masc.
a sound made when eating a liquid food
with hand.
sb6vu& /s\.b\Î.vu~/ v.intr.
to suffer for a long time.
sbX /s\.b\Æ/ adj. strong.
s-r /s\.b˙\r/ adj. plenty.
s-a /s\.b˙a/ fem. a meeting.
s-asd /s\.p˙a.sad/
masc. a member (of an association or
organization).
s_y /s\b˙.j\/ masc. a
member (of an association or
organization).
s_y /s\b˙.j\/ adj. polite.
sm /s\m/ masc. an oath.
209
smx /s\.m\k.ß\/ advb. in
the presence of.
smg/ /s\.m\g.r\/ adj. 1.
whole, 2. entire.
smcors /s\m.co.r\s/
masc. a square.
smj /s\.m\Ô/ fem.
understanding.
smj8 /s\.m\.Ô\¯/ fem.
understanding.
smj8u& /s\.m\Ô.¯u~/ adj.
wide.
smjvu& /s\.m\Ô.vu~/ v.intr.
1. to understand, 2. to comprehend.
smju /s\m.Ôu/ adj. wise.
smjUtI /s\m.Ôu.ti/ fem. 1.
understanding, 2. compromise.
smtl /s\m.t\l/ neut. an
even surface.
smtula /s\m.tu.la/ fem.
balance.
smtol /s\m.tol/ adj. of
equal weight.
smd=IR /s\m.d\r.ßi/ adj.
impartial.

sm±iQ4 /s\m.dr\ß.ˇi/
adj. impartial.
sm-av /s\m.b˙av/
masc. impartiality.
smy /s\.m\j/ masc. time.
smysUck /s\.m\j.su.c\k/
adj. sharpminded.
smysUckta /s\.m\j.su.c\k.ta/
fem. presence
of mind.
smrvu& /s\.m\r.vu~/ v.tr.
to remember someone or something with
devotion.
sm£p /s\m.rup/ adj.
1. of the same form, 2. similar.
sm9R /s\.m\r.t˙\/ adj.
powerful.
smpR8 /s\.m\r.p\¯/
neut. 1. an offering, 2. a surrendering, 3.
dedication.
smpRvu& /s\.m\r.p\.vu~/
v.tr. to offer, 2. to dedicate, .3 to
surrender.
smvySk /s\m.v\.j\s.k\/
adj. of the same
age.
sm=er /s\m.ßer/ fem. a
sword.
smSt /s\/m\s.t\/ adj. 1.
entire, 2. whole.
210
smSya /s\.m\s.ja/ fem. 1. a
riddle, 2. a puzzle.
smagm /s\.ma.g\m/
masc. 1. an act of meeting, 2. union.
smacar /s\.ma.car/ masc.
news.
smacarp{a /s\.ma.car.p\t.r\/
neut. a
newspaper.
smaj /s\.maÔ/ masc. 1.
society, 2. an association.
smajvad /s\.maÔ.vad/
masc. socialism.
smaj=aS{a /s\.maÔ.ßaß.tr\/
neut. sociology.
smaj=aS{aI /s\/maÔ.ßaß.tri/
masc. a sociologist.
sma0an /s\/ma/d˙an/
neut. 1. compromise, 2 settlement.
smai0 /s\.ma.d˙i/ fem. 1.
deep meditation, 2. a death of an ascetic,
3. a shrine, etc. constructed over the
spot where an ascetic’s corpse is buried.
sman /s\.man/ adj. 1.
similar, 2. equal.
smanta /s\.man.ta/ fem.
1. similarity, 2. equality.
smapn /s\.ma.p\n/ neut.
an act of completion.

smaPt /s\.map.t\/ adj. 1.
completed, 2. finished.
smarvu& /s\.mar.vu~/ v.tr.
to repair.
smar&- /s\.ma.r\m.b˙\/
masc. a grand celebration.
smave= /s\.ma.veß/ masc.
1. accomodation, 2. inclusion.
smas /s\.mas/ masc. a
compound.
sma&tr /s\.ma~n.t\r/ adj.
parallel.
simit /s\.mi.ti/ fem. a
committee.
smIkr8 /s\.mi.k\.r\¯/
neut. equation.
smIxa /s\.mik.ßa/ fem.
criticism.
smIp /s\.mip/ adj. 1. near,
2. close.
smIpta /s\.mip.ta/ fem.
1. nearness, 2. proximity.
smIsa&j /s\.mi.sa~Ô/ fem.
the dusk.
smUict /s\.mu.cit/ adj.
proper.
smuCcy /s\.muc.c\.j\/
masc. a collection.
smUday /s\.mu.daj/
masc. a group.
211
smu± /s\.mud.r\/ masc. an
ocean.
sm

srdar /s\r.dar/ masc. 1.
leader, 2. chief.
srdarI /s\r.da.ri/ fem.
leadership.
srnamu& /s\r.na.mu~/ neut.
address.
srp&c /s\r.p\µc/ masc.
the president of a village assembly.
srpav /s\r.pav/ masc. 1.
a gift, 2. an award.
sr-r /s\r.b˙\r/ adj. 1.
neither more nor less, 2. equal.
sr-ra /s\r.b˙\.ra/ fem.
hospitality.
srmù TyarI /s\r.muk˙.tja.ri/
fem.
dictactorship.
srmu`Tyar=ahI /s\r.muk˙.tjar.ßa.hi/
fem.
dictatorship.
srvaXo /s\r.va.Æo/ masc.
1. addition, 2. total.
srvEyu& /s\r.v\i.ju~/ neut. a
balance-sheet.
sri=yu& /s\.r\.ßi.ju~/ neut.
rapeseed oil.
srs /s\.r\s/ adj. good.
srsaman /s\r.sa.man/
masc. household things.
srhd /s\r.h\d/ fem. 1.
frontier, 2. border.
srX /s\.r\Æ/ adj. easy.
srXta /s\.r\Æ.ta/ fem.
simplicity.
212
sravvu& /s\.rav.vu~/ v.tr. to
offer food and other things om the death
anniversary of a relative.
srera= /s\.re.raß/ fem.
average.
srera= /s\.re.raß/ advb. on
an average.
sroj /s\.roÔ/ neut. lotus.
sroijnI /s\.ro.Ôi.ni/ fem.
lotus plant.
srovr /s\.ro.v\r/ neut.
lake.
sjRk /s\r.Ô\k/ masc. creator.
sjRn /s\r.Ô\n/ neut.
creation.
sjRnaTmk /s\r.Ô\.nat.m\k/
adj. creative.
sjRvu& /s\rÔ.vu~/ v.tr. to
create.
svR /s\r.v\/ adj. all.
AvRkalIn /s\r.v\.ka.lin/
adj. eternal.

svRg/ahI /s\r.v\.gra.hi/
adj. comprehensive.
svR}a /s\r.v\g.n\/ adj.
omniscient.
svR{a /s\r.v\t.r\/ advb.
everywhere.
svRna= /s\r.v\.naß/ masc.
total destruction.
svRnam /s\r.v\.nam/
neut. pronoun.
svR-xI /s\r.v\.b˙k.ßi/
adj. omnivorous.
svRmaNy /s\r.v\.man.j\/
adj. accepted by all.
svRVyapk /s\r.v\.vja.p\k/
adj. omnipresent.
svR=iktman /s\r.v\.ß\k.ti.man/
adj.
omnipotent.
svaRnumt /s\r.va.nu.m\t/
adj. unnimous.
svaRnumit /s\r.va.nu.m\.ti/
fem. unanimity.
svoRCc /s\r.vo.cc\/ adj.
highest.
sla4 /s\.laˇ/ masc. stonemason.
slam /s\.lam/ fem.
salutation.
slamt /s\.la.m\t/ adj.
free from fear.
213
slamtI /s\.la.m\.ti/ fem,
safety.
slah /s\.lah/ fem. advice.
slahkar /s\.lah.kar/
adj. advisor.
sv8R /s\.v\r.¯\/ adj.
higher caste people.
svlt /s\v.l\t/ fem.
convenience.
svXu& /\s\v.Æu~/ adj.
clockwise.
sva /s\.va/ adj. one and a
quarter.
svayu& /s\.va.ju~/ adj. superior.
svar /s\.var/ fem. morning.
svarI /s\.va.ri/ fem. a
passenger.
sval /s\.val/ masc. 1.
question, 2. inquiry.
sivny /s\.vi.n\j/ adj. 1.
courteous, 2. modest.
siv=eq /s\.vi.ßeß/ adj.
peculiar.
sivStr /s\.vis.t\r/ adj. 1.
detailed, 2. extensive.

sveXa /s\.ve.Æa/ advb. in
time.
s=kt /s\.ß\k.t\/ adj.
strong.
ssro /s\s.ro/ masc. fatherin-law.
sslu& /s\s.lu~/ neut. 1. rabbit,
2. hare.
sStu& /s\s.tu~/ adj. cheap.
sSneh /s\.sneh/ adj. with
love.
sh /s\h/ advb. with.
shkar /s\h.kar/ masc. cooperation.
shkarI /s\h.ka.ri/ adj.
co-operative.
shj /s\.h\Ô/ adj. 1. innate,
2. natural.
shjan&d /s\h.Ôa.n\nd/
masc. bliss natural to the soul.
shn /s\.h\n/ neut.
suffering.
sh-agI /s\h.b˙a.gi/ adj.
partner.
shmt /s\h.m\t/ adj.
agreeing with.
shmit /s\h.m\.ti/ fem.
agreement.
214
shyog /s\h.jog/ masc. cooperation.
shi=x8 /s\h.ßik.ß\¯/
neut. co-education.
shsa /s\h.sa/ advb.
suddenly.
shanu-av /s\.ha.nu.b˙av/
masc. sympathy.
shanu-Uit /s\.ha.nu.b˙u.ti/
fem. sympathy.
shay /s\.haj/ fem. help.
sihyr /s\.hi.j\r/ fem.
female friend (of a female)
sihyaru& /s\.hi.ja.ru~/ adj.
jointly owned.
sihQ8u /s\.hiß.¯u/ adj.
tolerant.
sihQ8uta /s\.hiß.¯u.ta/
fem. tolerance.
shI /s\.hi/ fem. signature.
shej /s\.heÔ/ adj. a little.
shetuk /s\.he.tuk/ adj.
intentional.
shel /s\.hel/ fem. a pleasuretrip.
shelu& /s\.he.lu~/ adj. easy.
shodr /s\.ho.d\r/ adj.
brother (born of the same mother).

s¬ /s\h.j\/ adj. endurable.
sX /s\Æ/ fem. wrinkle (on bed
shit etc.)
sXgvu& /s\.Æ\g.vu~/ v.intr.
to burn.
sXvXvu& /s\Æ.v\Æ.vu~/
v.intr. to move slowly.
sX&g /s\.Æ\˜g/ adj.
unbroken.
siXyo /s\.Æi.jo/ masc. rod or
bar (of metal).
sXI /s\.Æi/ fem. a thin round
stick.
sXè m /s\.Æe.k˙\m/ fem.
cold.
s&k4 /s\˜.k\ˇ/ neut. misery.
s&k6am8 /s\˜k.Îa.m\¯/
fem. crowdedness.
s&kln /s\˜.k\.l\n/ neut.
collection.
s&kLp /s\˜.k\l.p\/ masc.
determination.
s&kLp=ikt /s\˜.k\l.p\.ß\k.ti/
fem. will-power.
s&kXavu& /s\˜k.Æa.vu~/ v.intr.
to be associated with.
s&kuict /s\˜.ku.cit/ adj.
narrow (minded).
215
s&kul /s\˜.kul/ adj. complex.
s&ket /s\˜.ket/ masc. 1. sign,
2. gesture.
s&kelvu& /s\˜.kel.vu~/ v.intr.
to wind up.
s&koc /s\˜.koc/ masc.
contraction.
s&kocvu& /s\˜.koc.vu~/
v.intr. to contract.
s&korvu& /s\˜.kor.vu~/ v.tr.
to ignite.
s&ixPt /s\˜.kßip.t\/ adj.
abridged.
s&~ya /s\˜.k˙ja/ fem. 1.
number, 2. figure.
s&~yab&0 /s\˜.k˙ja.b\nd˙/
adj. numerous.
s&g /s\˜g/ masc. association.
s&g5n /s\˜.g\.ˇ˙\n/ neut.
1. association, 2. organization.
s&gm /s\˜.g\m/ masc.
meeting.
s&ga9 /s\˜.gat˙/ masc.
company (in travel).
s&gIt /s\˜.git/ neut. music.
s&gIn /s\˜.gin/ adj. 1. solid,
2. durable.

s&gemrmr /s\˜.ge.m\r.m\r/
masc. marble.
s&g/h /s\˜.gr\h/ masc. 1.
collection, 2. hoard.
s&g/h`or /s\˜.gr\h.k˙or/
adj. hoarder.
s&g/h`orI /s\˜.gr\h.k˙o.ri/
fem. hoarding.
s&g/hvu& /s\˜.gr\h.vu~/
v.tr. to collect.
s&g/hS9an /s\˜.gr\h.st˙an/
neut. museum.
s&3 /s\˜.g\/ masc. 1. group of
pilgrims, 2. association, 3. union.
s&3rvu& /s\˜.g\r.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to collect, 2. to hoard.
s&3qR /s\m.g˙\rß/ masc. 1.
clash, 2. conflict.
s&calk /s\µ.ca.l\k/ masc.
manager (male).
s&cailka /s\µ.ca.li.ka/ fem.
manager (female).
s&caln /s\µ.ca.l\n/ neut.
management.
s&co /s\µ.co/ masc. machine.
s&jog /s\µ.Ôog/ masc.
meeting.
s&}aa /s\˜.gna/ fem. sign.
s&}aavack /s\˜.gna.va.c\k/
adj. proper noun.
216
s&6as /s\¯.Îas/ neut. latrine.
s&6ovvu& /s\¯.Îov.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to involve, 2. to implicate.
s&t /s\nt/ masc. saint.
s&tva8I /s\nt.va.¯i/ fem.
teaching of saints.
s&tru /s\nt.ru~/ neut. orange.
s&takUk6I /s\n.ta.kuk.Îi/
fem. a game of hide and seek.
s&ta6vu& /s\n.taÎ.vu~/ v.tr.
to hide.
s&tan /s\n.tan/ neut.
offspring.
s&tap /s\n.tap/ masc. 1.
distress, 3. misery.
s&tavu& /s\n.ta.vu~/ v.intr. to
hide (oneself).
s&tuln /s\n.tu.l\n/ neut.
balance.
s&toq /s\n.toß/ masc.
satisfaction.
s&toqkark /s\n.toß.ka.r\k/
adj. satisfactory.
s&toqI /s\n.to.ßi/ adj. having
happy disposition.
s&d-R /s\n.d\rb˙/ masc. 1.
context, 2. reference.

s&idG0 /s\n.dig.d˙\/ adj.
doubtful.
s&de= /s\n.deß/ masc.
message.
s&de=vahk /s\n.deß.va.h\k/
adj. 1. messenger,
2. courier.
s&deh /s\n.deh/ masc. 1.
doubt, 2. suspicion.
s&i0 /s\n.d˙i/ fem. 1. a joint, 2.
conjunction, 3. treaty, 4. euphonic
coalition of sounds (in grammar).
s&i0kaX /s\n.d˙i.kaÆ/
masc. period of transition.
s&)ya /s\n.d˙ja/ fem. 1.
evening, 2. evening prayer.
s&inpat /s\n.ni.pat/ masc.
delirium.
s&inQ5 /s\n.niߡ˙/ adj. 1.
honest, 2. devoted.
s&inQ5a /s\n.niß.ˇ˙a/ fem. 1.
honesty, 2. devotion.
s&Nyas /s\m.njas/ masc.
asceticism.
s&NyasI /s\m.ja.si/ masc.
hermit.
s&p /s\mp/ masc. unity.
s&pi]a /s\m.p\.tti/ fem.
wealth.
s&pkR /s\m.p\rk/ masc.
contact.
s&padk /s\m.pa.d\k/
masc. editor.
s&padkIy /s\m.pa.d\.ki.j\/
adj. editorial.
s&padn /s\m.pa.d\n/
neut. 1. editing, .2 acquiring.
s&pU8R /s\m.pur.¯\/ adj.
1. entire, 2. whole.
s&p/day /s\m.pr\.daj/
masc. 1. a religious sect, 2. a cult.
217
s&b&0 /s\m.b\n.d˙\/ masc.
relation.
s&b&0I /s\m.b\n.d˙i/ adj. 1.
related, 2. relative.
s&bo0vu& /s\m.bod˙.vu~/
v.tr. to address.
s&-v /s\m.b˙\v/ masc.
likelihood.
s&-Xavvu& /s\mb˙.Æav.vu~/
v.tr. 1. to make
someone hear, 2. to speak in insulting
manner.
s&-arvu& /s\m.b˙ar.vu~/
v.tr. 1. to remember, 2. to recollect.
s&-avna /s\m.b˙av.na/
fem. probability.
s&-aX /s\m.b˙aÆ/ fem. care.

s&-og /s\m.b˙og/ masc.
sexual intercourse.
s&mt /s\m.m\t/ adj. agreed.
s&mit /s\m.m\.ti/ fem. 1.
approval, 2. agreement.
s&meln /s\m.me.l\n/ neut.
gathering.
s&ym /s\i~.j\m/ masc. 1.
restraint, 2. control.
s&yukt /s\m.juk.t\/ adj. 1.
joined, 2. united.
s&yog /s\m.jog/ masc. 1.
union, 2. meeting.
s&yojk /s\m.jo.Ô\k/ adj.
uniting.
s&yojk /s\m.jo.Ô\k/ masc.
organizer.
s&yojn /s\m.jo.Ô\n/ neut.
the act of joining.
s&rxk /s\m.r\k.ß\k/ adj.
protector.
s&rx8 /s\m.r\k.ß\¯/
neut. protection.
s&vt /s\m.v\t/ masc. the
Vikram era that begun in 56 B.C.
s&vTsrI /s\m.v\t.s\.ri/
fem. death anniversary.
s&vnn /s\m.v\.n\n/ neut.
1. wooing, 2. courting.
s&vad /s\m.vad/ masc.
conversation.
218
s&vaidta /s\m.va.di.ta/ fem.
harmony.
s&vadI /s\m.va.di/ adj.
harmonious.
s&vedn /s\m.ve.d\n/ neut.
sensation.
s&=y /s\m.ß\j/ masc.
suspicion.
s&=o0k /s\m.ßo.d˙\k/
adj. researcher.
s&=o0n /s\m.ßo.d˙\n/
neut. 1. research, 2. purification.
s&=oi0t /s\m.ßo.d˙it/ adj.
1. purified, 2. searched out.
s&sgR /s\m.s\rg/ masc. 1.
contact, 2. association.
s&sar /s\m.sar/ masc. 1. the
universe, 2. the world.
s&sarI /s\m.sa.ri/ adj.
worldly.
s&Skar /s\m.skar/ masc.
purification.
s&SkarIta /s\m.sa.ri.ta/
fem. civility.
s&Sk

s&S9a /s\ß.t˙a/ fem. institution.
s&S9apk /s\m.st˙a.p\k/
adj. founder.
s&har /s\m.har/ masc.
destruction.
sakr /sa.k\r/ fem. suger.
saxr /sak.ß\r/ adj. 1.
literate, 2. learned.
saxat\ /sak.ßat/ advb. in
physical presence.
saxaTkar /sak.ßat.kar/
masc. 1. devine realization, 2. spiritual
perception.
saxI /sak.ßi/ fem. testimony.
saxI /sak.ßi/ masc. eyewitness.
sag /sag/ masc. 1. teak-tree, 2.
teak-wood.
sagr /sa.g\r/ masc. ocean.
sacvvu& /sa.c\v.vu~/ v.tr. .
to take care of, 2. to preserve.
sacu& /sa.cu~/ adj. 1. true, 2.
right.
saju& /sa.Ôu~/ adj. healthy.
sa4u& /sa.ˇu~/ neut. bargain.
sa4e /sa.ˇe/ postp. in exchange.
sa6{aIs /sa.Î\t.ris/ adj.
thirty-seven.
sa6lo /saÎ.lo/ masc. sari.
sa6I /sa.Îi/ fem. sari.
219
sa6asatI /sa.Îa.sa.ti/ fem.
malicious influence of Saturn that
remains over a period of seven years.
sa7u /sa.Î˙u/ masc. husband
of wife’s sister.
sa8sI /sa¯.si/ fem. pair of
pincers.
sat /sat/ adj. seven.
satTy /sa.t\t.j\/ neut.
continuity.
satm /sa.t\m/ fem. seventh
day of a lunar fortnight.
satmu& /sat.mu~/ adj. seventh.
sa9 /sat˙/ masc. company.
sa9X /sa.t˙\Æ/ fem. thigh.
sai9yo /sa.t˙i.jo/ masc.
auspicious figure of Swastik.
sa9I /sa.t˙i/ masc. companion.
sa9Idar /sa.t˙i.dar/ masc.
companion.
sad /sad/ masc. 1. voice, 2.
shout.

sadgI /sad.gi/ fem.
simplicity.
sadr /sa.d\r/ advb.
respectfully.
sada: /sa.da.i/ fem.
simplicity.
sadu& /sa.du~/ adj. 1. simple, .2
plain.
sa0k /sa.d˙\k/ masc.
spiritual discipline.
sa0n /sa.d˙\n/ neut. 1.
tool, .2 instrument.
sa0ns&pNn /sa.d˙\n.sam.p\n.n\/
adj. possessing
sufficient resources.
sa0na /sad˙.na/ fem.
spiritual practice.
sa0vu& /sad˙.vu~/ v.tr. to
undergo a spiritual practice.
sa0ar8 /sa.d˙a.r\¯/ adj.
1. ordinary, 2. common.
sa0u /sa.d˙u/ adj. good.
sa0u /sa.d˙u/ masc. 1. ascetic,
2. hermit.
sa)vI /sad˙.vi/ fem. 1. a
female ascetic, 2. a female hermit.
san /san/ fem. . sign, 2. sense.
sanukUX /sa.nu.kuÆ/ adj.
favorable.
220
sap /sap/ masc. a male serpent.
sap8 /sa.p\¯/ fem. a female
serpent.
sapex /sa.pek.ß\/ adj.
relative.
sapoilyu& /sa.po.li.ju~/ neut.
young serpent.
saPtaihk /sap.ta.hik/ adj.
weekly.
saf /sap˙/ adj. clean.
safsUf /sap˙.sup˙/
adj. cleaning.
safo /sa.p˙o/ masc. a kind of
turban.
sabdu& /sab.du~/ adj. alert.
sabr /sa.b\r/ neut. stag.
saibtI /sa.bi.ti/ fem. proof.
sabu /sa.bu/ masc. soap.
sa-ar /sa.b˙ar/ adj.
thankful.
sa-ar /sa.b˙ar/ advb.
gratefully.
samg/I /sa.m\g.ri/ fem.
materials.
sam4u& /sam.ˇu~/ adj.
collected.

samno /sam.no/ masc.
resistance.
samiyk /sa.m\.jik/ neut.
periodical.
sam(yR /sa.m\r.t˙j\/ neut.
capability.
sama@k /sa.ma.Ôik/ adj.
social.
saman /sa.man/ masc.
luggage.
samaNy /sa.ma.nj\/ adj.
general.
samaNytŠ /sa.ma.nj\.t\h/
advb. usually.
samudaiyk /sa.mu.da.jik/
adj. collective.
samUihk /sa.mu.hik/ adj.
collective.
same /sa.me/ postp. in front of.
samEyu& /sa.m\i.ju~/ neut.
procession going to receive a dignitary.
saMy /sam.j\/ neut. similitude.
sam/ajy /sam.raÔ.j\/ neut.
empire.
sayujy /sa.juÔ.j\/ neut.
merging together.
sar /sar/ masc. 1. essence, 2.
gist, 3. summary.
sarvar /sar.var/ fem. 1.
nursing, 2. attendance.
sars /sa.r\s/ neut. crane.
sar&gI /sa.r\˜.gi/ fem.
stringed musical instument.
sarasarI /sa.ra.sa.ri/ fem.
cordial relations.
sara&= /sa.ra~mß/ masc. 1.
essence, 2. gist.
saru& /sa.ru~/ adj. good.
sa9Rk /sar.t˙\k/ adj.
successful.
221
savRjink /sar.v\.Ô\.nik/
adj. public.
savRi{ak /sar.v\.trik/ adj.
ubiquitous.
savR-Om /sar.v\.b˙\um/
adj. sovereign.
sal /sal/ neut. year.
sal-r /sal.b˙\r/ advb.
through out the year.
salvu& /sal.vu~/ v.intr. to feel a
pricking pain.
salosal /sa.lo.sal/ advb.
every year.
saLlo /sal.lo/ masc. sari.
sav /sav/ advb. completely.

savku& /sav.ku~/ adj. of a
step-relation.
savcet /sav.cet/ adj.
cautious.
savcetI /sav.ce.ti/ fem.
caution.
savj /sa.v\Ô/ masc. lion.
savr8I /sa.v\r.¯i/ fem. a
small broom.
savr8o /sa.v\r.¯o/ masc.
a big broom.
sasiryu& /sa.s\r.(i)ju~/ adj. a
relative of father-in-law.
sasrI /sas.ri/ fem. home or
family of father-in-law.
sasu /sa.su/ fem. mother-in-law.
sahijk /sah.Ôik/ adj. 1.
natural, 2. instinctive.
sahs /sa.h\s/ neut. 1.
adventure, 2. enterprise.
sahisk /sah.sik/ adj.
adventurous.
saihTy /sa.hit.j\/ neut.
literature.
saihiTyk /sa.hit.jik/ adj.
literary.
saheb /sa.heb/ masc. 1.
master, 2. boss, 3. reputed person.
saheba /sa.he.ba/ fem.
respectable woman.
sahebI /sa.he.bi/ fem.
prosperity.
sahelI /sa.he.li/ fem. a
female friend.
saXavelI /sa.Æa.ve.li/ fem.
wife of wife’s brother.
saXI /sa.Æi/ fem. wife’s sister.
saXo /sa.Æo/ masc. wife’s
brother.
222
sa&k6u& /sa~k.Îu~/ adj. narrow.
sa&kX /sa~.k\Æ/ fem. chain.
sa&kXvu& /sa~.k\Æ.vu~/ v.tr. to
link to gether.
sa&kXI /sa~k.Æi/ fem. necklace.
sa&kXu& /sa~k.Æu~/ neut. anklet.
sa&`vu& /sa~k˙.vu~/ v.tr. to
endure.
sa&j /sa~Ô/ fem. evening.
sa&5o /sa~.ˇ˙o/ masc. stalk of
sugar cane.
sa&0vu& /sa~d˙.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
sew, 2. to join, 3. to solder.
sa&0o /sa~.d˙o/ masc. joint.
sa&p/t /sa~m.pr\t/ adj.
contemporary.

sa&p/daiyk /sa~p.r\.da.jik/
adj. sectarian.
sa&belu& /sa~.be.lu~/ neut. a
wooden pestle.
sa&-Xvu& /sa~.b˙\Æ.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to hear, 2. to listen.
sa&sairk /sa~.sa.rik/ adj.
mundane.
sa&Skairk /sa~ns.ka.rik/
adj. pertaining to culture.
sa&Sk

is&hasn /sim.ha.s\n/ neut.
throne.
sIzvvu& /si.Ô˙\v.vu~/ v.tr.
to cook by moderate heat.
sIzvu& /siÔ˙.vu~/ v.intr. to be
cooked by moderate heat.
sI4I /si.ˇi/ fem. a whistle.
sI6I /si.Îi/ fem. 1. ladder, 2.
staircase.
sI0u& /si.d˙u~/ adj. straight.
sIm /sim/ fem. land on the
border of a village.
sIm&t /si.m\nt/ neut. a ritual
performed at the time of the first
pregnancy of a woman.
sIma /si.ma/ fem. 1. border, 2.
boundary.
sIimt /si.mit/ adj. limited.
sIv8 /si.v\¯/ neut. sewing.
sIvvu& /siv.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
sew, 2. to stitch.
sI&ca: /siµ.cai/ fem.
irrigation.
sukan /su.kan/ neut. helm.
sukanI /su.ka.ni/ masc.
helmsman.
sukavu& /su.ka.vu~/ v.intr. to
become dry.
sù /suk˙/ neut. happiness.
sù 6 /su.k˙\Î/ neut.
sandalwood.
sù 6I /su.k˙.Îi/ fem. a
kind of sweet.
224
sù I /su.k˙i/ adj. 1. happy, 2.
well-to-do.
sugm /su.g\m/ adj. easy.
sug&0 /su:.g\nd˙/ fem.
fragrance.
su36 /su.g˙\Î/ adj. neat
and clean.
su6taXIs /suÎ.ta.lis/
adj. forty seven.
su6oX /su.ÎoÆ/ adj.
handsome.
sutraw /sut.ra.u/ adj. made
of cotton yarn.
sud /sud/ fem. bright half of a
lunar month.
su0rvu& /su.d˙\r.vu~/
v.intr. t o improve.
su0ra: /sud˙.ra.i/ fem.
municipality.
su0a /su.d˙a/ fem. nectar.
su0arvu&/su.d˙ar.vu~/ v.tr.
to improve.

su0aro /su.d˙a.ro/ masc.
improvement.
su0I /su.d˙i/ postp. 1. up to, 2
until.
sunav8I /su.na.v\.¯i/
fem. hearing of a case in a court.
supa{a /su.pat.r\/ adj.
deserving.
sup/is)0 /su.pr\.sid˙.d˙\/
adj. 1. renowned,
2. well-known.
subo0 /su.bod˙/ adj. easy
to understand.
sumn /su.m\n/ neut.
flower.
surixt /su.r\k.ßit/ adj.
safe.
surIlu& /su.ri.lu~/ adj. 1. welltuned,
2. melodious.
suruic /su.ru.ci/ adj. refined
taste.
surè /su.rek˙/ adj.
proportionate.
sul- /su.l\b˙/ adj. easily
available.
sulè n /su.le.k˙\n/ neut.
good handwriting.
suleh /su.leh/ fem. peace.
sulehnamu& /su.leh.na.mu~/
neut. peace treaty.
suvaky /su.vak.j\/ neut. a
maxim.
suvav6 /su.va.v\Î/ fem.
childbirth.
suvas /su.vas/ fem.
fragrance.
225
suiv~yat /su.vik˙.jat/ adj.
well-known.
suividt /su.vi.dit/ adj.
well-known.
suiv0a /su.vi.d˙a/ fem.
convenience.
sui=ixt /su.ßik.ßit/ adj.
well-educated.
su=Il /su.ßil/ adj. of a good
character.
su=o-n /su.ßo.b˙\n/
neut. decoration.
su=oi-t /ßu.ßo.b˙it/ adj.
well-decorated.
susjj /su.s\Ô.Ô\/ adj. wellequipped.
susva4o /sus.va.ˇo/ masc.
a wind-blow.
sus&gt /su.s\˜.g\t/ adj. 1.
consistent.
suSt /sus.t\/ adj. lazy.

suStI /sus.ti/ fem. laziness.
su&dr /sun.d\r/ adj.
beautiful.
suvaXu& /su.wa.Æu~/ adj.
smooth.
sUkvvu& /su.k\v.vu~/ v.tr.
to dry.
sUku& /su.ku~/ adj. dry.
sUåm /suk.ßm\/ adj.
minute.
sUg /sug/ fem. nausea.
sUck /su.c\k/ adj. 1.
suggestive, 2. indicative.
sUcn /su.c\n/ neut. 1.
suggestion, 2. indication.
sUcvvu& /su.c\v.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to indicate,2 to suggest.
sUic /su.ci/ fem. list.
sUict /su.cit/ adj. 1.
suggested, 2. indicated.
sUjvu& /suÔ.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to
swell, 2. to be swollen.
sUz /suÔ˙/ fem. deeper
understanding.
sUtk /su.t\k/ neut.
ceremonial untouchablility observed
after a death of a family member.
226
sUmsam /sum.sam/ adj.
utterly silent.
sUr /sur/ masc. musical tune.
sUrj /su.r\Ô/ masc. the sun.
sUr8 /su.r\¯/ neut. a name
of an edible root.
sUyR /sur.j\/ masc. the sun.
sUyRg/h8 /sur.j\.gr\.h\¯/
neut. solar
eclipse.
sUyRmù I /sur.j\.mu.k˙i/
neut. sun-flower.
sUyaRSt /sur.jas.t\/ masc.
sunset.
sUyoRdy /sur.jo.d\j/ masc.
sunrise.
sUvr /su.v\r/ neut. pig.
sUvu& /su.vu~/ v.intr. to sleep.
sU&3vu& /su˜g.vu~/ v.tr. to
smell.
sU&5 /su~ˇ˙/ fem. dry ginger.
sU&7 /su~Î˙/ fem. trunk.
s

sevacakrI /se.va.cak.ri/
fem. nursing.
se&k6o /s´~k.Îo/ masc. a
hundred.
se&9I /s´~.t˙i/ fem. line formed
by the parting of hair on two sides.
sE)0aiNtk /s\i.d˙an.tik/
adj. theoretical.
sEink /s\i.nik/ masc. soldier.
sENy /s\i.nj\/ neut. army.
so /sø/ adj. hundred.
sogn /so.g\n/ masc. an
oath.
sogat /so.gat/ fem. gift.
sojo /so.Ôo/ masc. swelling.
so4I /so.ˇi/ fem. a cane.
so6 /soÎ/ fem. a side of the
body.
so6m /so.Î\m/ fem.
fragrance.
sodagr /so.da.g\r/ masc.
a merchant doing large scale business.
sodo /so.do/ masc. trade.
sonamhor /so.na.m\.hor/
fem. guinea.
sonu& /so.nu~/ neut. gold.
227
sonerI /so.ne.ri/ adj. golden.
soparI /so.pa.ri/ fem. betel
nut.
sobt /so.b\t/ fem. company.
somvar /som.var/ masc.
Monday.
soml /so.m\l/ masc.
extreme poisonous object.
soy /soj/ fem. a needle.
soyo /so.jo/ masc. a large and
thick needle.
sohag /so.hag/ masc. welladorned.
soham8u& /so.ha.m\.¯u~/
adj. good-looking.
soX /soÆ/ adj. sixteen.
so&3varI /sø~˜g.va.ri/ fem.
cheapness.
so&pvu& /sø~p.vu~/ v.tr. 1. to
hand over. 2. to entrust.
sO /s\u/ adj. all.
sOjNy /s\u.Ô\n.j\/ neut.
gentlemanliness.
sO-aGy /s\u.b˙ag.j\/ neut.
good fortune.
sOr- /s\u.r\b˙/ neut.
fragrance.

sO&dyR /s\u~.d\r.j\/ neut.
beauty.
S`ln /sk˙\.l\n/ neut. 1.
an error, 2. a mistake.
Stn /st\n/ masc. female
breast.
Str /st\r/ neut. a layer.
Stvn /st\.v\n/ neut. praise.
Stuit /stu.ti/ fem. praise.
StuTy /stut.j\/ adj.
praiseworthy.
Sto{a /stot.r\/ neut. a hymn of
praise.
S{aI /stri/ fem. a woman.
S{aE8 /str\i.¯\/ adj. womanly.
S9pit /st˙\.p\.ti/ masc. an
architect.
S9X /st˙\Æ/ neut. 1. a place, 2.
a location.
S9aink /st˙a.nik/ adj. local.
S9apk /st˙a.p\k/ adj.
founder.
S9apTy /st˙a.p\t.j\/ neut.
1. sculpture, 2. architecture.
S9ayI /st˙a.ji/ adj. stable.
S9avr /st˙a.v\r/ adj.
immovable.
228
iS9it /st˙i.ti/ fem. a condition.
iS9r /st˙ir/ adj. immovable.
Snatk /sna.t\k/ masc.
graduate.
Snan /snan/ neut. a bath.
Snayu /sne.h\/ masc. a muscle.
Sneh /sneh/ masc. 1. love, 2.
affection.
Sp0aR /sp\r.d˙a/ fem.
competition.
Sp=R /sp\r.ß\/ masc. touch.
SpQ4 /sp\ß.ˇ\/ adj. 1. clear, 2.
plain.
Sf4Ik /sp˙\.ˇik/ masc.
crystal.
Smr8 /sm\.r\¯/ neut.
recollection.
Smrvu& /sm\r.vu~/ v.tr. to
remember.
Sm=an /ßm\.ßan/ neut.
funeral place.
Smark /sma.r\k/ neut. 1. a
monument, 2. a memorial.
iSmt /smit/ neut. smile.
Sm

Sm

hkIkt /h\.ki.k\t/ fem. a
fact.
hkIm /h\.kim/ masc. a
physician.
hcmcvu& /h\c.m\c.vu~/
v.intr. to become unsteady.
hj /h\Ô/ fem. pilgrimage to
Mecca.
hjam /h\.Ôam/ masc. a
barber.
hjar /h\.Ôar/ adj. thousand.
h@ /h\.Ôi/ advb. 1. yet, .2 even
now.
hju /h\.Ôu/ advb. 1. yet, 2. even
now.
h5 /h\ˇ˙/ fem. stubbornness.
h5vu& /h\ˇ˙.vu~/ v.intr. to
move away.
h6kva /h\.Î\k.va/ masc.
rabies.
h6tal /h\Î.tal/ fem. a
strike.
hD0Ut /h\Î.d˙ut/ adj.
insulted or condemned everywhere.
h6pcI /h\Î.p\.ci/ fem.
the chin.
h6selvu& /h\Î.sel.vu~/
v.tr. to push away.
h8vu& /h\¯.vu~/ v.tr. to kill.
hta= /h\.taß/ adj.
disappointed.
hTya /h\t.ja/ fem. 1. an
assassination, 2. a massacre.
hTyaro /h\t.ja.ro/ masc. an
assassin.
230
hi9yar /h\.t˙i.jar/ neut. a
weapon.
h9eXI /h\.t˙e.Æi/ fem. palm.
h9o4I /h\.t˙o.ˇi/ fem. skill.
h9o6I /h\.t˙o.Îi/ fem. a hammer.
hd /h\d/ fem. boundary.
hm8a& /h\m.¯a~/ advb. 1.
now, 2. presently.
hmddIR /h\m.d\r.di/
fem. sympathy.
hmal /h\.mal/ masc. a
porter.
hme= /h\.meß/ advb.
always.
hyat /h\.jat/ adj. living.
hrkt /h\r.k\t/ fem.
obstruction.
hr` /h\.r\k˙/ masc. joy.
hrigj /h\r.giÔ/ advb. 1.
(not) at all, 2. (not) ever.

hr36I /h\r.g˙\.Îi/ advb.
every moment.
hr8 /h\.r\¯/ neut. a deer.
hrtu&frtu& /h\r.tu~.p˙\r.tu~/
adj. healthy.
hrs /h\.r\s/ masc. piles.
hra@ /h\.ra.Ôi/ fem. auction.
hram`or /h\.ram.k˙or/
adj. wicked.
hrayu& /h\.ra.ju~/ adj. 1.
ownerless (cattles etc.), 2. strayed.
hir /h\.ri/ masc. Lord Vishnu.
hiryaXI /h\.ri.ja.Æi/ fem.
greenery.
hirhr /h\.ri.h\r/ masc.
Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva.
hrIf /h\.ri˙p/ masc.
competitor.
hrIfa: /h\.ri.p˙a.i/ fem.
competition.
hrek /h\.rek/ advb. 1. each,
2. every one.
hroX /h\.roÆ/ fem. a row.
hlka: /h\l.kai/ fem.
meanness.
hlku& /h\l.ku~/ adj. light.
hlncln /h\.l\n.c\.l\n/
fem. movement.
231
hlvo /h\l.vo/ masc. a sweet.
hlavvu& /h\.lav.vu~/ v.tr. 1.
to stir 2. to shake.
hlesu& /h\.le.su~/ neut. an oar.
hvn /h\.v\n/ neut. a
ceremonial sacrifice.
hva /h\.va/ fem. air.
hvaman /h\.va.man/
neut. 1. climate, 2. weather.
hvaldar /h\.val.dar/
masc. a police constable.
hvalo /h\.va.lo/ masc. 1.
possession, 2. reference.
hve /h\.ve/ advb. now.
hve9I /h\.ve.t˙i/ advb. 1.
henceforth, 2. now onward, 3. hereafter.
hvelI /h\.ve.li/ fem. 1. a big,
majestic building, 2. a Vaishnava
temple.
h=e /h\.ße/ advb. 1. never mind,
2. let it be, 3. it does not matter (to me).
hsvu& /h\s.vu~/ v.intr. to
laugh.
hsam8u& /h\.sa.m\.¯u~/
adj. that which provokes laughter.

hStkXa /h\s.t\.k\.Æa/ fem.
handicraft.
hStxep /h\s.t\.kßep/
masc. undue interference.
St0Unn /h\s.t\.d˙u.n\n/
neut. a handshake.
hStp/t /h\s.t\.pr\t/ fem.
manuscript.
hStmeXap /h\s.t\.me.Æap/
masc. the act of joining hands of bride
and bridegroom in a marriage ceremony.
hStaxr /h\s.ta.kß\r/
masc. 1. hand writing, 2. signature..
hX /h\Æ/ neut. a plough.
hXdr /h\Æ.d\r/ fem.
turmeric.
hXvu& /h\Æ.vu~/ adj. light.
hXve /h\Æ.ve/ advb. slowly.
hXve9I /h\Æ.ve.t˙i/ advb.
1. slowly, 2. gently.
h&karvu& /h\˜.kar.vu~/ v.tr.
1. to drive, 2. to sail.
h&gamI /h\˜.ga.mi/ adj.
temporary.
h&me= /h\m.meß/ advb.
always.
h&me=a& /h\m.meß/ advb.
always.
h&s /h\ms/ masc. swan.
ha /ha/ advb. yes.
hak /hak/ fem. a shout.
hajr /ha.Ô\r/ adj. present.
232
hajrjvabI /ha.Ô\r.Ô\.va.bi/
adj. quick-witted.
hajrI /haÔ.ri/ fem. presence.
ha6ku& /haÎ.ku~/ neut. a bone.
ha6vEd /haÎ.v\id/ masc.
a bone-setter.
ha6marI /haÎ.ma.ri/ fem.
difficulties.
ha6oha6 /ha.Îo.haÎ/
advb. 1. up to the bone, 2. affecting very
deeply.
ha9 /hat˙/ masc. hand.
ha9k6I /hat˙.k\.Îi/ fem.
handcuffs.
ha9calakI /hat˙.ca.la.ki/
fem. jugglery.
ha98I /hat˙.¯i/ fem. female
elephant.
ha9I /ha.t˙i/ masc. elephant.
ha9o /ha.t˙o/ masc. handle.
ha9oha9 /ha.t˙o.hat˙/
advb. a handle.

ha na /ha na/ fem. hesitation.
hain /ha.ni/ fem. damage.
hainktaR /ha.ni.k\r.ta/ adj.
damaging.
har /har/ masc. 1. garland, 2.
necklace.
har /har/ fem. defeat.
harvu& /har.vu~/ v.intr. to be
defeated.
hal /hal/ masc. 1. condition, 2.
circumstances.
halk6olk /hal\k.Îo.l\k/
advb. unsteady.
halcal /hal.cal/ masc.
condition.
halt /ha.l\t/ fem. 1.
condition, 2. circumstances.
halvu& /hal.vu~/ v.intr. to
move.
ha= /haß/ interjection. shows a
sense of ease or gratification.
haSy /has.j\/ neut. smile.
haSyaSpd /has.ja.p\d/
adj. rediculous.
hahakr /ha.ha.kar/ masc.
widespread feeling of sorrow or terror.
ha&kvu& /ha~k.vu~/ v.tr. to drive.
233
ha&ja /ha~.Ôa/ masc. pl. the joints
of the body.
ha&f /ha~p˙/ fem. panting.
ha&fvu& /ha~p˙.vu~/ v.intr. to
pant for breath.
ha&isyo /ha~s.(i)jo/ masc. a
margin.
ha&sI /ha~.si/ fem. 1. a jest, 2. a
joking.
ihckaru& /hic.ka.ru~/ neut.
cowardly.
ihjravu& /hiÔ.ra.vu~/ v.intr. to
languish in someone’s memory.
iht /hit/ neut. welfare.
ihteC2u /hi.tec.c˙u/ adj. and
masc. a wel-wisher.
ihna /hi.na/ fem. myrtle.
ihm /him/ masc. frost.
ihlcal /hil.cal/ fem. 1.
movement, 2. activities.
ihsab /hi.sab/ masc. 1.
account, .2 calculation.
ihsabnI= /hi.sab.niß/
masc. accountant.
ihSso /his.so/ masc. a share.
ih&g /hi˜.g\/ fem. asafetida.

ih&mt /him.m\t/ fem.
courage.
ih&sk /him.s\k/ adj. violent.
ih&sa /him.sa/ fem. violence.
hIj6o /hiÔ.Îo/ masc.
eunuch.
hIbkvu& /hi.b\k.vu~/ v.intr.
to sob.
hIbku& /hib.ku~/ neut. a sob.
hIro /hi.ro/ masc. diamond.
hI&cvu& /hi~c.vu~/ v.intr. to
swing (oneself).
hukm /hu.k\m/ masc. an
order.
hukko /huk.ko/ masc. a
smoking pipe.
humlo /hum.lo/ masc. an
attack.
huLl6 /hul.l\Î/ neut. a riot.
hu& /hu~/ pron. I, first person
singular.
hUko /hu.ko/ masc. a smoking
pipe.
hU&i6yam8 /hu~.Îi.ja.m\¯/
neut. rate of
exchange.
hU&6I /hu~¯.Îi/ fem. a bill of
exchange.
hU&f /hu~p˙/ fem. warmth.
®dy /r\.d\j/ neut. heart.
®dy±avk /r\.d\j.dra.v\k/
adj. stronly
affecting to the heart.
®dypirvtRn /r\.d\j.p\.ri.v\r.t\n/
neut. a
change of heart.
234
®dy=UNy /r\.d\j.ßun.j\/
adj. feelingless.
het /het/ neut. 1. affection, 2.
love.
hetu /he.tu/ masc. 1. motive, 2.
intention.
herangit /he.ran,g\.ti/
fem. 1. trouble, 2. difficulty.
helI /he.li/ fem. heavy rain.
hevainyt /he.va.ni.j\t/
fem. 1. brutality, 2. cruelty.
heval /he.val/ masc. an account.
heisyt /hes.j\t/ fem.
capacity.
hoj /hiÔ/ masc. a water
reservoir.
hojrI /hoÔ.ri/ fem. stomach.
ho5 /hoˇ˙/ masc. a lip.
ho6I /ho.Îi/ fem. a boat.

ho¥o /hod.do/ masc. 1. a
rank. 2. a position.
honhar /hon.har/ adj.
promising.
honart /ho.na.r\t/ fem. a
big accident.
hom /hom/ masc. a ceremonial
sacrifice.
holo /ho.lo/ masc. a dove\line
bird.
hovu& /ho.vu~/ v.intr. 1. to be, 2.
to take place.
hoi=yar /ho.ßi.jar/ adj. 1.
clever, 2. brillient.
hoi=yarI /ho.ßi.ja.ri/ fem. 1.
cleverness, 2. intelligence.
hoha /ho.ha/ fem. uproar.
hoXI /ho.Æi/ fem. the Holi
festival.
x
x8 /kß\¯/ fem. .a moment.
xit /kß\.ti/ fem. 1. loss, 2.
injury.
xi{ay /kß\t.ri.j\/ masc. a
community so named.
xma /kß\.ma/ fem.
.forgiveness.
235
xmapa{a /kß\.ma.pat.r\/
adj. forgivable.
xy /kß\.j\/ masc. .tuberculosis.
xar /kßar/ adj. 1. saltiest, 2.
saline.
ixitj /kßi.tiÔ/ fem. the
horizon.
xe{a /kßet.r\/ neut. a place.
xe{afX /kßet.r\.p˙\Æ/
neut. area
xo- /kßob˙/ masc. hesitation
arising from bashfulness.
}a
}aait /gnja.ti/ fem. a caste.
}aan /gnan/ neut. knowledge.
}aanI /gna.ni/ adj. intelligent.

A Brief Outline of Gujarati Parts-of-Speech
Babu Suthar
bsuthar@sas.upenn.edu
(Work in progress)
Department of South Asia Studies
University Of Pennsylvania
820 Williams Hall
36th and Spruce
Philadelphia PA 19104
236

Content
1. Introduction
2. Open class
2.1. Nouns
2.2. Adjective
2.3. Verbs
2.4. Adverbs
3. Closed class
3.1. Pronouns and other Pro-Forms
3.2. Noun adjuncts
3.2.1. Role markers
3.2.1.1 Case markers
3.2.1.2 Postpositions
3.2.2. Quantifiers
3.3. Verb adjuncts
3.3.1. Auxiliaries
3.3.1.1. Simple auxiliaries
3.3.1.2. Modal auxiliaries
3.4. Connectives
3.4.1. Coordinating connectives
3.4.2. Subordinating connectives
3.4.3. Correlative connectives
3.4.4. Adversative connectives
3.4.5. Explicative connectives
3.4.6. Causal connectives
3.5. Other closed classes
3.5.1. Emphasis markers
3.5.2. Interjections
3.5.3. Negators
3.5.4. Politeness markers
3.5.5. Tag-marks
4. Conclusion
237

238
1. Introduction
Gujarati words can be divided into: (1) Open class and (2) Closed class. Open class
consists of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, while closed class consists of pronouns
and other pro-forms, noun adjuncts, verb adjuncts, conjunctions and others.
2. Open Class
2.1 Nouns
Nouns have the following properties:
• gender,
• number
• case.
Genders are three: masculine, feminine and neuter. All three genders are marked
and unmarked. Masculine is marked with -Ao, feminine with -:, and neuter is marked with
Ýw&. Examples:
Nouns with unmarked gender
Masculine
-a: b˙ai 'brother'
sap sap 'serpent'
ha9 hat˙ 'hand'
pvRt p\rv\t 'mountain'
ivcar vicar 'thought'
Feminine
bhen b\hen 'sister'
-e&s b˙´~s 'buffalo'
Aa&` ø~k˙ 'eye'
vel vel 'creeper'
pX p\Æ 'moment'
Neuter
=rIr ß\rir 'body'
nak nak 'nose'
fUl p˙ul 'flower'
man man 'respect'
mn m\n 'organ of desire'
Nouns with marked gender
Masculine

2okro c˙okr.o 'boy'
kUtro kutr.o 'dog (male)'
36o g˙\Îo 'pot'
Aa&bo ø~bo 'mango tree'
p9ro p\t˙r.o 'stone'
Feminine
2okrI c˙okr.i 'girl'
kUtrI kutr.i 'dog (female)'
ndI n\d.i 'river'
za6I j˙aÎ.i 'bush'
Aa&gXI ø~gÆ.i 'finger'
Neuter
2okru& c˙okr.u~ 'child'
kUtru& kutr.u~ 'dog'
taXu& taÆ.u~ 'lock'
mo7u& mø~Î˙.u~ 'mouth'
ka8u& ka¯.u~ 'whole'
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Gujarati has many nouns that end in ÝAo and Ý:, but they are not masculine or
feminine respectively. Most traditional grammars treat them as exception. In fact, they
are not. The ÝAo and Ý: of these nouns are not gender markers, they are the indivisible part
of their stem, and therefore it is wrong to treate them as gender markers and then list
them as exceptions. Consider 3o and pa8I, for example. Traditional grammars analyzed
them as follow:
Ë. 3o
g˙.o
stem-Gender marker.
'a kind of reptile'
Ì. pa8I
pa¯.i
stem-Gender marker
'water'
As Ë and Ì show, they treat ÝAo and Ý: as gender markers, which is not a correct
analysis. The correct analysis is given bellow in Í and Î:

Í. 3o
g˙o.∅
stem-Gender marker
'a kind of reptile'
Î. pa8I
pa¯i-∅
stem-Gender marker
'water'
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This analysis shows that 3o and pa8I are nouns with unmarked gender and their -Ao
and -: are not the gender markers.
Numbers are two: singular and plural. Singular is unmarked, while plural is
marked with ÝAo. Examples:
Singular Plural
2okro c˙okr.o 2okraAo c˙okra.o 'boys'
2okrI c˙okr.i 2okrIAo c˙okr.i.o 'girls'
idvs div\s idvso div\s.o 'days'
ma8s ma¯\s ma8so ma¯\s.o 'men'
Case markers are ∅ (nominative), -e (agentive/ergative), -∅ or -ne (accusative/
absolutive), -ne (dative/experiencer), -thi or -e (instrumental), -nu~ (genitive), and
-ma~ (locative). Consider the following paradigm:
Nominative 2okro c˙okrro.∅
Agentive/Ergative 2okraAe c˙okra.e
Accusative/Absolutive 2okro c˙okrro.∅
2okrane c˙okrra.ne
Dative/Experiencer 2okrane c˙okra.ne
Locative 2okrama& c˙okra.ma~
Genitive case inflects for gender and number as the following paradigm shows:
Singular Plural
Masculine 2okrano 2okrana
c˙okra.no c˙okra.no
Feminine 2okranI 2okranI
c˙okra.ni c˙okra.ni

Neuter 2okranu& 2okrana&
c˙okra.nu~ c˙okra.na~
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2.2 Adjectives
Gujarati adjectives fall into two categories: (1) variable and (2) invariable. Variable
adjectives vary in terms of the gender and number of the nouns they modify, whereas the
invariable adjectives do not vary. Consider the examples of saru& and su&dr, variable and
invariable adjectives respectively.
É. saro 2okro
sar-o c˙okr-o
good-MSASC.SG boy-MASC.SG.
'a good boy'
Ê. sarI 2okrI
sar-i c˙okr-i
good-FEM.SG boy-FEM.SG.
'a good girl'
Ë. saru& 2okru&
sar-u~ c˙okr-u~
good-NEUT.SG boy-NEUT.SG.
'a good child'
Ì. sara 2okraAo
sar-a c˙okr-a-o
good-MSASC.PL boy-MASC.PL.
'good boys'
Í. sarI 2okrIAo
sar-i c˙okr-i-o
good-FEM. boy-FEM.PL.
'a good girl'
Î. sara& 2okra&Ao
sar-a~ c˙okr-a~-o
good-NEUT.PL. boy-NEUT.PL.
'a good child'
In É - Î the adjective saru& varies in terms of the gender of the noun it modifies. For
example, in É, the noun is masculine and singular therefore the adjective saru& agrees with
the noun in masculine and singular. In Ê the noun is feminine and singular and therefore
the adjective is also feminine and singular and so on. In Í, however, the noun is feminine
and plural the adjective does not show a plural marker. We can say that adjectives in
Gujarati remain unaffected in number when the noun they modify is feminine and plural.
Now consider the example of su&dr an invariable adjective:

Ï. su&dr 2okro
sundar chhokr-o
beautiful boy-MASC.SG.
'a beautiful boy'
Ð. su&dr 2okrI
sunder chhokr-i
beautiful boy-FEM.SG.
'a beautiful girl'
Ñ. su&dr 2okru&
beautiful chhokr-uN
beautiful boy-NEUT.SG.
'a beautiful child'
ÉÈ. su&dr 2okraAo
sundar chhokr-a-o
good boy-MASC.PL.
'beautiful boys'
ÉÉ. su&dr 2okrIAo
sunder chhokr-i-o
beautiful boy-FEM.PL.
'a beautiful girl'
ÉÊ. su&dr 2okra&Ao
sundar chhokr-aN-o
beautiful boy-NEUT.PL.
'beautiful child'
In Ï - ÉÊ, su&dr is an invariable adjective and therefore it does not agree with the noun it
modifies.
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2.3 Verbs
Gujarati verbs (non-inflected) have the following structure: verb stem + infinitive.
Example:
É. hsvu&
h\s-vu~
verb stem + infinitive
'to laugh'
Ê. r6vu&
r\Î-vu~
verb stem + infinitive

'to cry'
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A verb root may be intransitive, transitive or double transitive. It may be also simple or
causative. É and Ê are the examples of intransitive root. Ë - Ì and Í- Î are the examples of
transitive and double transitive roots respectively.
Ë. kapvu&
kap-vu~
verb stem + infinitive
'to cut'
Ì. pIvu&
pi-vu~
verb stem + infinitive
'to drink'
Í. Aapvu&
ap-vu~
verb stem + infinitive
'to give'
Î. moklvu&
mok\l-vu~
verb stem + infinitive
'to send'
É to Î are also the examples of simple verbs, while ÏÝ Ð bellow are the examples of
causative verbs. These are the verbs that are derived from simple verbs.
Ï. hsavvu&
h\s.av.-vu~
verb stem +CAUS1+ INFINITIVE
'to make someone laugh'
Ð. hsav6avvu&
has.av.Îav-vu~
verb stem + CAUS1 + CAUS2 + INFINITIVE
'to make someone laugh through some another person'
Gujarati inflected verbs have the following pattern: verb stem + inflectional material.
Inflectional material may consists of various features such as tense, person,
gender and number. Following table summaries some of the major inflections for the verb
hsvu&Š
Present (verb stem + tense, person, number)
Singular Plural

First Person hsu& hsIAe
h\s.u~ h\si.ie
Second Person hse hso
h\s.e h\s.o
Third Person hse hse
h\s.e h\s.e
Future (verb stem + tense, person, number)
Singular Plural
First Person hsI= hsI=u&
h\s.iß h\s.ißu~
Second Person hs=e hs=o
h\s.ße h\s.ßo
Third Person hs=e hs=e
h\s.ße h\s.ße
Past Progressive (verb stem + progressive marker + gender, number)
Singular Plural
Masculine hsto hsta
h\s.t.o h\s.t.a
Feminine hstI hstI
h\s.t.i h\s.t.i
Neuter hstu& hsta&
h\s.t.u~ h\s.t.a~
Past Perfective (verb stem + perfective + gender, number)
Singular Plural
Masculine hSyo hSya
h\s.y.o h\s.y.a
Feminine hsI HsI
h\s.y.i h\s.y.i
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Neuter hSyu& hSya&
h\s.y.u~ h\s.y.a~
Past Plu-perfective (verb stem + pluperfect marker + gender and number)
Singular Plural
Masculine hselo hsela
h\s.el.o h\s.el.a
Feminine hselI hselI
h\s.el.i h\s.el.i
Neuter hselu& hsela&
h\s.el.u~ h\s.el.a~
Verbs also inflect for imperative (present and future), desiderative, obligatory,
conditional, and infinitive constructions. Examples:
Imperative
Present
Second Person
Singular Plural/Hon.
rm r\m rmo r\m.o 'play'
`av k˙av `aAo k˙ao 'eat'
Third Person
rmje (future)
Desiderative rmvu&
Obligatory rmvanu&
Conditional rmt
Infinitive rmvu&
Excluding desiderative, all verb forms inflect for gender and number. However,
conditional verb forms inflect optionally.
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2.4 Adverbs
Like adjective, adverbs are also variable and non-variable in Gujarati. Variable adverbs
agree with the noun with which the verb agrees. There are various types of adverbs.
Some of them are adverb of time, adverb of place, adverb of manner, adverb of order,

adverb of quantity, adverb of doubt, adverb of frequency, adverb of negative and
connecting adverbs.
Time
Aaje aje 'today'
kale kale 'tomorrow'
prmidvse p\r\m divse 'day after or
day before tomorrow.'
svare s\vare 'in morning'
bpore b\pore 'at noon, in the
afternoon'
sa&je... sa~je 'in evening'
etc.
Place
AhI& \hi~ 'here'
Tya& tya~ 'there'
n@k9I n\jik.t˙i 'from near'
pase pase 'near'
dUr9I dur.t˙i 'from a distance'
etc.
Manner
Aem ´~m 'in that way'
jem j´~m ‘as’
tem t´~m ‘in that manner’
jem tem j´~m t´~m ’by hook or crook'
f4af4 p˙\ˇap˙\ˇ ‘one after the other’
06a06 d˙\ÎaÎ˙\Î ‘one after the other’
Acank \can\k ‘accidently’
AekaAek ekaek ‘suddenly’
Order
phelu& p\helu~ ‘first, before’
p2I9I p\c˙it˙i ‘later, after’
Aa`re ak˙\re ‘finally, at last’
Agaw9I \gaut˙i ‘in advance’
badma& badma~ ‘afterward’
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A&te \nte ‘finally, at the end’
Quantity
08u& g˙\¯u~ ‘plenty, much, many’
9o6u& t˙oÎu~ ‘small, less’
pUrtu& pur.tu~ ‘sufficient’
brobr b\rob\r ‘equal’
4ko4k ˇ\koŠ\k ‘full’
Doubt
kdac k\dac ‘perhaps’
kdaict k\dacit ‘hardly’
mo4e -age moˇe b˙age ‘mostly’
38u&`ru& g˙\¯u~k˙\ru~ ‘mainly’
kyarek kjarek ‘sometime’
Frequency
roj roj ‘everyday’
kyarek kjarek ‘sometime’
Avarnvar \varn\var ‘frequently’
var&var var\mvar ‘repeatdly’
Negative
ma ma ‘not’ (colloquial)
na na ‘not’
nhI& n\hi~ ‘not’
Connecting
p8 p\¯ ‘but’
pir8ame p\ri¯ame ‘as a result, consequently’
v0uma& v\d˙uma~ ‘in addition’
joke jo ke ‘however’
td\wpra&t t\dupra~t ‘morover’
3. Closed class
3.1 Pronouns and other Pro-forms
Personal Pronouns
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Gujarati personal pronouns differentiate three persons (first, second and third) and two
numbers (singular, plural). They have also inclusive and exclusive contrast in third person
plural. In addition, their second person plural form is also used as honorific.
Following table summarize regular and agentive pronouns:
Singular Plural
Fist Person hu& Ame (Exclusive)
Aap8e (Inclusive)
Second Person tu& tme
Third Person te teAo
Personal pronouns take various cases, which include nominative, ergative,
accusative/ dative, genitive and locative and instrumental. From these genitive forms
distinguish among three genders and two numbers. Following table summaries their
forms:
1 st .sg 1 st .pl 2 nd .sg 2 nd .pl 3 rd .sg 3 rd .pl
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nominative hu& Ame tu& tme te teAo
Aap8e
Ergative me& Ame te& tme te8e teAoAe
Aap8e tem8e
Accusative mne Amne tne tmne tene teAone
Aap8ne temne
Locative marama& Amarama& tarama& tmarama& tenama& teAonama&
Aap8ama& temnama&
Instrumental mara9I Amara9I tara9I tmara9I tena9I teAo9I
Aap8a9I temna9I
Genitive
Masc. maro Amaro taro tmaro teno teAono
Aap8o temno
Fem. marI AmarI tarI tmarI tenI teAonI
Aap8I temnI
Neut. maru& Amaru& taru& tmaru& tenu& teAonu&
Aap8u& temnu&
Non-personal Pronouns

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Gujarati non-personal pronouns include demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns,
relative pronouns, indefinite pronouns and reflexive pronouns.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Aa, pelu& and te / Ae are the demonstrative pronouns. From these pelu& is variable. Aa is the
near demonstrative pronoun, pelu& is the far demonstrative pronoun, while te / Ae are deictic
pronouns.
Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns are =u& and ko8. From these =u& is variable. We use =u& to ask
question about non-human things, while ko8 to ask question about humans.
Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns are je......te. These pronouns are used to connect two sentences.
Indefinite Pronouns
ko:, ka&:/ k&: and k=u& are the Indefinite pronouns. ko: used for human, while k&:k/ ka&:k
and k=u&k are used for non-human. From these pronouns, k=u& is variable.
Reflexive Pronouns
pote is the Reflexive pronoun.
In addition to these, Gujarati has also distributive pronouns (je je, te te, ko8 ko8, =u& =u&
etc.), reciprocal pronouns (prSprSpr, ANyoNy, Arsprs), indefinite pronouns (Amuktmuk, fla8u&7I&k8u&,
k&:k etc.).
Non-personal pronouns also inflect for ergative, accusative/dative, locative,
genitive and instrumental cases.
3.2 Noun adjuncts
3.2.1 Role markers
Case markers and postpositions are the role markers in Gujarati.
3.2.1.1 Case markers
Gujarati nouns distinguish seven types of cases: subjective, ergative, objective/dative,
agential, ablative, genitive, locative and vocative. From these, genitive inflects for gender
and number of the noun it takes. Following table summarizes the case markers:
Nominative 2okro 2okro AaVyo. -∅
Ergative 2okraAe 2okraAe kerI kapI. -Ae
Objective 2okrane rme=e 2okrane mayoR. -ne
Dative 2okrane rme=e 2okrane kerI AapI. -ne
Experiencer 2okrane 2okrane p(9r vaGyo. -ne
Ablative bgIca9I maru& 3r bgIca9I 9o6ek j dUr 2e. -9I
Instrumental rme=9I rme=9I bhu& kam 9tu& n9I. -9I
Genitive 2okrano 2okrano kagX -no, -nI, -nu&, etc.
2okraAono kagX
etc.
Locative 3re rme= ATyare 3re j h=e. -Ae
bgIcama& rme= ATyare bgIcama& h=e. -ma&
Vocative he 2okra he 2okra, AhI& Aav. -∅
3.2.1.2 Postpositions
Gujarati postpositions fall in two classes: invariant and variant. The variant postpositions
agree with noun in gender and number. Examples:

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Invariant postpositions: trf, bad, lgI, pEkI, v6e, vgr...
Variant postpositions: jevo, sr`o...
3.2.2 Quantifiers
Quantifiers are the words that refers to quantity. Following are some of the Gujarati
quantifiers:
1. È %, Í%, Î%.....
2. É/Ì, É/Ê, Ë/Ì...
3. É,Ê, Ë, Ì, Í...
4. Aek, be, {a8, car, pa&c....
5. Aekad, beAek, {a8ek, carek, pa&cek
6. pa, A60u&, po8u&, do7u&, bm8u&...
7. b0u&, 9o6u&, 9o6&uk, ke4lu&k, pUrtu&, ApUrtu&, v0are...
...
3.3 Verb adjuncts
3.3.1 Auxiliaries
3.3.1.1 Simple auxiliaries
Gujarati has two auxiliaries: 2- and ho-. Of these, 2- is used in present tense, while ho- is
used in past tense and future tense. 2Ý and hoÝ both differentiate three person and two
number in present tense and future tense, while hoÝ differentiates three gender and two
numbers only in past tense. Consider the following tables:
2Ý Present tense
Singular Plural
First Person 2u& 2IAe
Second Person 2e 2o
Third Person 2e 2e
hoÝ Future tense
Singular Plural
First Person ho:= ho:=u&
Second Person h=e h=o
Third Person h=e h=e
hoÝ Past tense
Singular Plural
Masculine hto hta

Feminine htI htI
Neuter htu& hta&
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3.3.1.2 Modal auxiliaries
Modal auxiliaries are the verbs that are used as auxiliaries. Such verbs are small in
number and they occur with many restrictions. One such restriction is on the combination
of the verbs. We can not combine all the modal auxiliary verbs with all the non-modal
auxiliary verbs. In such verbal sequences, the first verb takes some linking element while
the second verb takes inflectional material. Examples:
Verb Modal Example
verb
`a: levu& me& kerI `a: lI0I.
na`vu& na`vu& me& je khevu& htu& te khI na~yu&
kapI ka7vu& me& kerI kapI ka7I.
sm@ jvu& hu& AemnI vat sm@ gyo.
s&-XavI devu& me& Aemne be vat s&-XavI dI0I.
wtrI jvu& hu& f4af4 pg9Iya& wtrI gyo.
-rI ra`vu& saru& 9yu& ke me& pa8I -rI ra~yu&. nhI& to Aap8e =u& krt?
hsI p6vu& te jor jor9I hsI p6yo.
bolI w5vu& te AekaAek bolI w5yo.
ka7I mUkvu& me& rme=ne Aoifsma&9I ka8I mUkyo.
3.4 Connectives
3.4.1 Coordinating connectives
Gujarati distinguishes between conjunctive (Ane) and disjunctive (ke, A9va). In disjunctive it
distinguishes between inclusive (ke) and exclusive (A9va). Examples:
Conjunctive sentences:
É. rme= Ane mhe= kale 3er j=e.
Ê. mne lal Ane lIlo r&g gme 2e.
Ë. rme= Aav=e Ane mIna j=e.
Disjunctive sentences:
Ì. marI sa9e ko8 Aav=e? mIna ke lIla? (mIna Aav=e / lIla Aav=e / mIna Ane lIla bNne Aav=e.)
Í. marI sa9e mIna A9va lIla Aav=e. (mIna Aav=e / lIla Aav=e / *mIna Ane lIla bNne Aav=e.)
3.4.2 Subordinating connective
Subordinating conjunction is ke. Examples:
É. te8e k¬u& ke hu& AavI=.
Ê. rme=ne khejo ke Ae kale mare 3er Aave.
Ë. mne htu& j ke Aek be idvsma& mne tav Aav=e.
3.4.3 Correlative connectives
je ...te is a correlative connective, which decline for all the cases. Consider the following
table:
Nominative je...te
Ergative je8e...te8e

Dative jene...tene
Genitive jenu&...tenu&
Locative jema&...tema&, jenama&...tenama&
Instrumental jena9I....tena9I
Correlative also inflects for comparative to express size, quantity, etc.: Examples.
jev6u&...tev6u&. (size)
je4lu&..te4lu& (quantity)
jem...tem (manner)
jya&...Tya& (place)
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3.4.4 Adversative connectives
p8 and prNtu are adversative conjunctions. prNtu is more formal than p8. Examples:
É. hu& ca nhI&, p8 kofI pI=.
Ê. tme gme Tya& jav. p8 Aa 2okrane AhI& mUkta jav.
Ë. rme=ne khejo ke -le kam kre. p8 tibyt p8 jaXve.
3.4.5 Explicative connectives
ke and Ae4le are the explicative conjunctions. Examples:
É. hu& Ae4lo b0o 9akI gyelo ke na pu2o vat.
Ê. lIla Ae4le lIla. AenI vat 9ay?
3.4.6 Causal connective
kemke/ kar8ke is a causal connective. Examples:
É. hu& kale Skule n hto gyo kemke/ kar8 ke marI tibyt sarI n htI.
Ê. mare `Ub va&cvu& p6=e kem ke / kar8 ke mare kale pirxa 2e.
3.5 Other Closed classes
3.5.1 Emphasis marker
Gujarati distinguishes between two types of emphasis markers: (1) inclusive and (2)
exclusive. Inclusive marker is y / p8 and exclusive marker is j : Examples:
Inclusive
É. lIla y/p8 kale sa&je rsro4lI `a=e.
Ê. lIla kale sa&je y/p8 rsro4lI `a=e.
Ë. lIla kale sa&je rsro4lI y/p8 `a=e.
Exclusive
É. lIla j kale sa&je rsro4lI `a=e.
Ê. lIla kale sa&je j rsro4lI `a=e.
Ë. lIla kale sa&je rsro4lI j `a=e.
Ì. lIla kale sa&je rs ro4lI `a=e j.
Besides there are also sentential emphasis word `ru&, that agree with object > subject.
Examples:
Í. rme= AaVyo `ro?
Î. rme=e cop6I va&cI `rI?
3.5.2 Interjections
Gujarati has two types of interjections: primary (which do not have any lexical meaning)
and secondary (which have some lexical meaning associated with them). Ahha, Aho, Aoho,
A0000, h&A are the examples of primary interjections while vah, =aba=, ALya, etc. are the

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examples of secondary interjections. In terms of function, they can be divided into
expressive, conative and phatic types. Expressive interjections can be further divided into
emotive and cognitive interjections. Following is a rough and very preliminary
classification of the Gujarati interjections:
Expressive interjections:
Emotive
1. hay, hay hay, hay re, bapre, ma re, Ao... Express pain
2. Aoho, Aha, A000, Ahha... Exclamatory
3. h4\, 2I, 24\, 9U, i0k... Express hate.
Cognitive
4. vah, =aba=, Aaha, 0Ny... Express joy
Conative
5. Ao, ALya, AlI.... Address terms (informal).
6. hay, hlo, Express greeting.
7. Aav, Aavo, p0aro Express reception (informal sg. informal plural and
honorific, formal respectively).
8. Aavje, Aavjo Express good-bye.
9. cal / calo Tyare Express parting
Phatic
10. h&, =u& Express question.
11. h&A, ha,... Express permission.
12. W&hu& Expresses negation.
3.5.3 Negators
na, nhI&, n and n9I are the negators in Gujarati. We use negators to prohibit an action and
also to negate a sentence or a phrase. Examples:
Prohibitative Negation
É. tme kerI na `ata.
Ê. tme bIju b0u& j `ajo, p8 kerI nhI& `ata.
Ë. tme kerI n `aAo to saru&.
Sentential/Phrasal negation
É. p/½Š rme= AaVyo?
jvabŠ na. (Ramesh did not come.)
Ê. rme= rmto n9I. (Ramesh may be doing something else.)
Ë, rme= rm=e nhI&. (Ramesh will not play. He will do something else).
Ì. rme= Aavu& na kre. (Ramesh would not do such thing. Some another person must have
done it).
Í. rme= pakI kerI n laVyo. (Ramesh brought a mango but it was not ripe.)
3.5.4 Politeness marker
@ is the politeness marker that is used with verb and nouns. Examples:
É. kagXno jvab AapvanI k

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É. to tme kyare pa2a Aav=o?
Ê. te tme kyare Amdavad jvana?
Ë. to to tu& Aa nokrI krvano `ro, kem?
Ì. Tyare to t u& 3er jvano Aemke?
Sentence Final tag-marks
Í. tme ca pI=o ke?
Î. Aa cop6I lw& ke?
Ï. jra Aa kagX va&cI btav to.
Ð. me& Aa4lu& kam to kyuRne?
4. Conclusion
This is a very brief outline of the Gujarati parts-of-speech I have prepared for the
Beginning Gujarati and Intermediate Gujarati class. I am more concerned with specifying
general properties of these parts of speech and listing sample words belonging to them.

Gujarati Numerals
Gujarati has three types of numerals: cardinals, ordinals, and fractions.
Cardinal
1 1 †å‘
2 2 ËÜå
3 3 µÜ±Ü
4 4 œÜÜÓ
5 5 ÆÜÜØœÜ
6 6 “
7 7 ôÜÜ´Ü
8 8 †Ü«
9 9 ÃÜíÜ
10 10 ¹ôÜ
11 11 †ÝÄÜÑÜÜÓ
12 12 ËÜÜÓ
13 13 ´ÜåÓ
14 14 œÜÜæ¹
15 15 ÆÜعÓ
16 16 ôÜÜåì
17 17 ôÜÜÓ
18 18 †°ÜÓ
19 19 †ÜåÄÜݱÜôÜ
20 20 íÜßôÜ
21 21 †å‘íÜßôÜ
22 22 ËÜÜíÜßôÜ
23 23 ´ÜåíÜßôÜ
24 24 œÜÜåíÜßôÜ
25 25 ÆÜœœÜßôÜ
26 26 “ííÜßôÜ
27 27 ôÜÜÜíÜßôÜ
28 28 †¬ÜíÜßôÜ
29 29 †ÜåÄܱܵÜßôÜ
30 30 µÜßôÜ
31 31 †å‘µÜßôÜ
32 32 ËܵÜßôÜ
33 33 ´ÜåµÜßôÜ
34 34 œÜÜåµÜßôÜ
35 35 ÆÜÜصÜßôÜ
36 36 “µÜßôÜ
37 37 ôÜܲµÜßôÜ
38 38 †Ü²µÜßôÜ
39 39 †ÜåÄܱܜÜÜêÜßôÜ
40 40 œÜÜêÜßôÜ
41 41 †å‘´ÜÜêÜßôÜ
42 42 ËÜå´ÜÜêÜßôÜ
43 43 ´Üå´ÜÜêÜßôÜ
44 44 œÜàÏÜÜêÜßôÜ
45 45 ÝÆÜô´ÜÜêÜßôÜ
46 46 “å´ÜÜêÜßôÜ
47 47 ôÜ಴ÜÜêÜßôÜ
48 48 †²´ÜÜêÜßôÜ
49 49 †ÜåÄܱÜÆÜœÜÜôÜ
50 50 ÆÜœÜÜôÜ
51 51 †å‘ÜíÜÃÜ
52 52 ËÜÜíÜÃÜ
53 53 µÜåÆÜÃÜ
54 54 œÜÜåÆÜÃÜ
55 55 ÆÜØœÜÜíÜÃÜ
56 56 “ÆÆÜÃÜ
57 57 ôÜÜÜíÜÃÜ
58 58 †¬ÜíÜÃÜ
59 59 †ÜåÄܱÜôÜ܇«
60 60 ôÜ܇«
61 61 †å‘ôÜ«
62 62 ËÜÜôÜ«
63 63 µÜåôÜ«
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64 64 œÜÜåôÜ«
65 65 ÆÜÜØôÜ«
66 66 “ÜôÜ«
67 67 ôܲôÜ«
68 68 †²ôÜ«
69 69 †ÄܱÜÜåôÜßÜåÓ
70 70 ÝôÜÜåÓ
71 71 ‡‘Üå´ÜåÓ
72 72 ËÜÜå´ÜåÓ
73 73 ´ÜÜÇ´ÜåÓ
74 74 œÜàÏÜÜå´ÜåÓ
75 75 ÆÜØœÜÜå´ÜåÓ
76 76 “Üå´ÜåÓ
77 77 ÝôÜÜÜå´ÜåÓ
78 78 ‡«ÖÑÜÜå´ÜåÓ
79 79 †ÄܱÑÜ܆åïÜß
80 80 †åïÜß
81 81 †å ÑÜÜïÜß
82 82 ËÑÜÜïÜß
83 83 ´ÑÜÜïÜß
84 84 œÜÜåÑÜÜÚïÜß
85 85 ÆÜØœÜÜïÜß
86 86 “ÖÑÜÜïÜß
87 87 ôÜ´ÑÜÜïÜß
88 88 †«ÖÑÜÜïÜß
89 89 ÃÜíÑÜÜïÜß
90 90 ÃÜåíÜàØ
91 91 †å‘ܱÜàØ
92 92 ËÜܱÜàØ
93 93 µÜܱÜàØ
94 94 œÜÜåÓܱÜàØ
95 95 ÆÜØœÜܱÜàØ
96 96 “ÅÜàØ
97 97 ôÜÜܱÜàØ
98 98 †¬Ü±ÜàØ
99 99 ÃÜííÜܱÜàØ
100 100 ôÜÜå
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In counting 100 is †å‘ ôÜÜå, 200 is ËÜôÜÜå, 300 is µÜ±Ü ôÜÜå, 400 is œÜÜÓ ôÜÜå and so on. Similarly,
1000 is ÷¡Ó, which is once again †å‘ ÷¡Ó, ËÜå ÷¡Ó, µÜ±Ü ÷¡Ó and so on. One hundred
thousand is called êÜÜƒÜ in Gujarati. There is no concept of million in Gujarati. We
describe it as ¹ôÜ êÜ܃Ü. One hundred êÜÜƒÜ is called ‘ÓÜå² and one hundred ‘ÓÜå² is called
†ËÜè.
Remember:
In Gujarati each number symbol has its own name. They are †å‘²Üå, ËÜÄܲÜå, ´ÜÄܲÜå, œÜÜåÄܲÜå,
ÆÜÜ؜ܲÜå, “ÄܲÜå, ôÜܴܲÜå, †Ü«²Üå, ÃÜíܲÜå and ÏÜß²àØ for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 0 respectively.
Ordinals:
The ordinals for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 are ÆÜ÷åêÜàØ, ËÜßèàØ, µÜßèà, œÜÜå³ÜàØ, “¬àØ, respectively. For rest of the
numbers, we use –ÏÜàØ. Examples: ÆÜÜØœÜÏÜàØ, ôÜÜ´ÜÏÜàØ, †ÜÜ«ÏÜàØ, ÃÜíÜÏÜàØ ¹ôÜÏÜàØ and so on. The ordinals
must agree with noun in gender. Example:
ÆÜ÷åêÜÜå “Üå‘ÓÜå first boy
ÆÜ÷åêÜß “Üå‘Óß second boy

ÆÜ÷åêÜàØ “Üå‘ÓàØ third boy
Fractions:
Following is the list of the fractions:
¼ ÆÜÜ
½ †²ÁÜàØ
¾ ÆÜÜå±ÜàØ
1¼ ôÜíÜÜ
1 ½ ¹Üå°
1 ¾ ÆÜÜå±ÜÜ ËÜå
2 ¼ ôÜíÜÜ ËÜå
2 ½ †°ß
2 ¾ ÆÜÜå±ÜÜ µÜ±Ü
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