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News From Non -Aligned World Development and cooperation need of the hour By IINS Research Team The dictionary defines the term “development” as, “The systematic use of scientific and technical knowledge to meet specific objectives or requirements” or “An extension of the theoretical or practical aspects of a concept, design, discovery, or invention” or “The process of economic and social transformation that is based on complex cultural and environmental factors and their interactions” or “The process of adding improvements to a parcel of land, such as grading, subdivisions, drainage, access, roads, utilities,” depending upon the context. However, development is seen as almost always interrelated with the human well-being , but more than improvements in people’s well-being: it also describes the capacity of the system to provide the circumstances for that continued wellbeing. Development is a characteristic of the system; sustained improvements in individual well-being are a yardstick by which it is judged. Therefore, development could be seen as an umbrella term, an amalgamation of all the above mentioned definitions. From its varied steps to curb poverty, illiteracy, facilitate better living conditions, uplift economy and the condition of women and the human kind in general along with various other predicaments plaguing the NAM countries. NAM has consistently maintained the need for south-south cooperation for the better functioning of the movement and its cause. Non-Aligned Movement not only feels the need for south-south cooperation but has on many summits pointed out need for revitalising international cooperation for a holistic development of the world. It iterates the need for reactivation and reinforcement of global co-operation for development in order to make possible an increased involvement by developing countries in the global economy on terms of assistance to them and show progress with their developmental efforts. In this context NAM called for a new and improved weightage on technical assistance in the growth and co-operation programmes of the UN system, together with specialised international agencies. Also with the increasing need for more efficient and improved contribution in the global economy by developing countries, especially in the intercontinental and economic decisions and rulemaking, needs the easier accession and facilitation of developing countries applying for membership to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) without involving any political or economic issues keeping in view of WTO’ s universality along with its non-discriminatory character. They reiterate the need for developing countries to have result-oriented consultations among themselves to promote more effective participation in WTO. It emphasises on the need of a more encouraging and active intercontinental economic atmosphere and revitalised intercontinental development co-operation accommodating and supportive of developing countries’ endeavour for the accomplishment of the various goals of poverty eradication, economic and social progress, sustained economic growth and sustainable development globally. NAM blatantly rejects all attempts to use conditionalities such as values of environmental protection, labour standards, intellectual property protection, sound macro-economic management and promotion and protection of all human rights as pretexts for curbing market access, help or assistance and technology flow to developing countries or connecting them to the multiparty trade negotiations. NAM has expressed concern over the apparent deficiency of political determination and resolve on the part of developed countries to revive international co-operation for development. According to NAM’s statement “We are convinced that ODA continues to constitute an important source of financial flows for many developing countries, particularly LDCs. In this context, we are deeply concerned over the continued decline of the official development assistance and call on the developed countries to ensure the fulfilment of their commitment to meet the United Nations target of 0.7% of their GNP as official development assistance for all the developing countries latest by the end of the first decade of the twenty first century, as well as to meet the UN target of 0.15% of their GNP to LDCs as soon as possible.” Therefore NAM in order to fill this gap and lack emphasises on the value of discourse and talk on strengthening international co-operation for development through collaboration based on the mutuality of interests and benefits, common but differentiated responsibilities and genuine interdependence. NAM strongly believes that talks and dialogue can serve as a useful forum to talk about emerging global issues to fortify international cooperation for development through real collaboration. It underscores the need for active participation of the members of the Movement in the process leading to the next dialogue. 10 November - 9 December, 2017 (14)
NAM highlights the need for UN Peacekeeping reforms By Dr. Pawan Mathur Since its inception, the Non-Aligned Movement has played a significant contribution towards maintaining international peace and security. NAM regards peacekeeping as the flagship activity of the United Nations. NAM believes that the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security rests with the UN and that the role of regional arrangements, in that regard, should be in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter, and should not in any way substitute the role of the UN, or circumvent the full application of the guiding principles of the UN peacekeeping operations. “At the 17th Meeting of the 72nd Session of the UN General Assembly on 25 October 2017, NAM has called for a more cautious and careful approach to UN peacekeeping. Non‐Aligned Movement welcomed the interactive nature of the Department’s consultations with Member States in the review process, which would help to reinforce confidence between the key stakeholders in peace and security, namely States and members of the Security Council, and the Secretariat. NAM underlined the creation of the new Department of Peace Operations, which was indicative of a big shift from “peacekeeping operations” to “peace operations” At the 17th Meeting of the 72nd Session of the UN General Assembly on 25 October 2017, NAM has called for a more cautious and careful approach to UN peacekeeping. Non‐Aligned Movement welcomed the interactive nature of the Department’s consultations with Member States in the review process, which would help to reinforce confidence between the key stakeholders in peace and security, namely States and members of the Security Council, and the Secretariat. NAM underlined the creation of the new Department of Peace Operations, which was indicative of a big shift from “peacekeeping operations” to “peace operations”. That move should also be examined carefully and comprehensively to ensure consensus among Member States on the development of its policies. NAM has emphasised that the establishment of any peacekeeping operation, or extension of the mandate of existing operations, must strictly observe the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, as well News From Non -Aligned World as the principles of impartiality, non‐use of force and consent of the parties. NAM has also stressed the need for a strong and clear Security Council commitment to draft clear and achievable mandates, in consultation with troop and police‐contributing countries as necessary for the development of integrated planning. NAM believes that the link between the formulation of policy and implementation on the ground is paramount to achieve success of UN peacekeeping mission. The Movement has also reiterated the importance of protecting civilians and the need for peacekeeping to support national civilian‐protection efforts. At the 72nd UNGA session, Indonesia, associating the country’s statement with that of Non-Aligned Movement, stated that 2017 marked a renewed approach to peacekeeping marked by the concept of “sustaining peace” and the incorporation of prevention and conflict‐resolution elements into peace building and long term development. It was important to ensure that all missions could deliver on their mandates and to guarantee the safety and security of peacekeepers, reaffirming the continued relevance of the basic principles of peacekeeping, including consent of the parties, impartiality and non‐use of force except in self‐defence and defence of the mandate. Indonesia called for increased consultations with troopand police‐contributing countries in the current process of reforming the peace and security architecture. Operations transitioning from peacekeeping into political or special political missions required sufficient capacities and financing, while the United Nations system must increase its focus on the safety, security and well‐being of peacekeepers and related civilian staff. Iran, too associating itself with NAM, stated that Peacekeeping operations should be guided by the United Nations Charter, and the respect for the principles of sovereign equality, political independence, territorial integrity and non‐intervention in matters of exclusively domestic jurisdiction. India, associating with the Non‐Aligned Movement, noted that whereas decisions on peacekeeping mandates were within the purview of the Security Council, longer‐term development issues were dealt with outside that forum, a situation that presented (15) 10 November - 9 December, 2017
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