Green Tech Magazine December 2017 en

6
BIM – Construction
industry 4.0 as a
growth potential
From planning to dismantling: Building Information Modeling (BIM)
makes buildings transparent.
architects who define façade elements or
other components within the framework
of possible parameters. The data is automated
and machine-readable and provides
an ideal basis for mass customised
components.
According to Michael Monsberger from
the Graz University of Technology, BIM is
already being used in official construction
procedures in Singapore. Instead of a 2D
plan, one can also submit BIM data. Based
on the parametric design model, one can
also carry out automatic tests, for example,
to ensure compliance with standards
or other rules.
Building Information Modeling (BIM)
is the continuous use of a digital building
model throughout its entire life cycle, from
planning to dismantling. BIM will bring fundamental
changes but also opportunities
that should be exploited for all players in
the construction industry. At the moment
there is no obligation to carry out projects
according to the BIM method, but the
percentage of BIM projects is on the rise
nonetheless. In addition to geometric information
(3D) many other data (‘BIM dimensions’)
are incorporated into a BIM
model and are ideally available in a clear
and consistent manner. If this digital data
is used consistently throughout all phases
of the building‘s life cycle, a significant increase
in productivity and quality as well
as error prevention can be achieved. The
dimensions of BIM range from the integration
of aspects such as time (4D), costs
(5D), sustainability (6D) to facility management
(7D).
BIM conquers global markets
BIM models are refined over the course of
the different project phases. A BIM model
always consists of geometric and nongeometric
information. The level of detail
(LoD) describes the geometric requirements
for components, while the level of
information (LOI) describes the degree
and scope of alphanumeric information.
For component manufacturers such as
producers of ventilation systems or heat
generators, the challenge will be to create
their digital components (BIM objects)
with respect to LoD and LOI in such a way
that they can be easily integrated into their
planning process.
BIM also offers the possibility to parameterise
objects and make them smart. This
creates rules on how modifying parameters
within the model affects and influences
other processes. Due to the parameterisation,
BIM is also exciting for mass
customised components, for instance for
Green optimisation through BIM
BIM 6D, integrates sustainability aspects
into the 3D model. For example, one can
determine the grey energy of buildings.
All materials that have been used for the
building are saved in this model, for instance
(urban mining). Monsberger: “BIM
is a tool that creates many possibilities
for modelling. However, it must always be
seen holistically. For this purpose, it is necessary
to continually develop the model.”
Furthermore, it requires new work structures,
know-how and experience as well as
intense teamwork and the exchange of information
in order to map all data relevant
to the modelling process.
Not least, BIM will play a major role in facility
and life cycle management. Monsberger
emphasises, however, that this will only
work if all relevant information such as installed
products are depicted in the model
at an appropriate depth of data in order to
generate sustainable benefits and to be able
to service the building in a targeted manner.
www.bbw.tugraz.at
Credit: autodesk