BraenBook-TemplatePages
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
From Breen to Braen<br />
On April 30, 1851, the three-masted bark Australie, a few weeks out of Rotterdam eased into a lower<br />
Manhattan slip with one hundred passengers aboard. Since it was a Dutch owned ship, a Dutch-speaking<br />
minister stood at the foot of the gangplank to escort the newcomers first to Castle Garden and then to the<br />
boats that would lead them toward their American destinations.<br />
Aart and Cornelia Breen were two of the older passengers, he fifty and she one year older. Six children<br />
trailed behind them, the oldest twenty-three, and the youngest only five. Three more of Aart and Cornelia’s<br />
children lay buried in a cemetery in the tiny village of Ouddorp in the southwestern corner of The Netherlands.<br />
Their oldest child, a daughter, lived with her in-laws on a farm in Wayne Township, New Jersey, not<br />
that the place name meant much to Aart. Aart and Cornelia also knew that another acquaintance, a man<br />
who had recently finished his apprenticeship in Aart’s shoemaking shop in Ouddorp, also lived near their<br />
daughter Maria. He lived in a group of houses built near the Passaic River’s head of navigation. Two years<br />
before, when Maria had left the Netherlands with her husband and infant son, she boarded the ship a wife<br />
and arrived in New York a widow, with her husband buried at sea. Aart and Cornelia had been spared the<br />
sight of a dreaded mid-ocean committal service on their voyage to America.<br />
They came from Ouddorp, a village on an island to the south of Rotterdam. With a shallow harbor, and<br />
a population numbering in the hundreds, it had never been a thriving place. Isolation bred a traditional<br />
society marked by religious fervor. Since the Reformation, Ouddorp supported two congregations, the state<br />
church and a Mennonite group. Until the 1830s two crops sustained the local economy: chicory (a sweetener)<br />
and madder (a root that produced red dyes). When synthetic substitutes rendered them obsolete, the<br />
local economy collapsed. Many saw the hand of divine judgment behind the severe downturn. By 1845<br />
almost half of the households in Ouddorp and the neighboring municipalities on the island survived with<br />
government assistance. It was literally the poorest place in the entire kingdom. And so an exodus began,<br />
first to a new settlement in the Netherlands, and then to the United States.<br />
This was the life in which Aart and Cornelia attempted to raise their sizeable family. He made shoes in a<br />
shop located at the front of his house near the center of town. Getting paid for his services often meant<br />
bartering since cash was very scarce. The prospects for the four Breen sons became bleaker by the year.<br />
They could cadge a few coins as farm laborers, but those wages would never support a family. Ouddorp af-<br />
SECTION NUMBER 9