ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN - Smithsonian Institution

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Table 1. Scientific Studies at Farquhar Atoll - Date - Study 1504 Discovered by 3020 de Nova; named after him. 1776 Charted by M. Margaro 1821 May Lieut. Hay, schooner - Eliza 1822 March 12 Lieut. Hay, Wizard and - Menai 1822 July 26 Visit by Fairfax Moresby, bird notes Chart additions by W. F. W. Owen; renamed after Sir R. Farquhar, Governor of Mauritius Further charting by Lt Hay French chart by M. Lieutard Hydrographic chart by W. J. L. laarton 1905 Sept. 28- Oct. 2 Percy Sladen Expedition: J. S. Gardiner, C. F. Cooper, T. B. Fletcher 1937 L. D. E. F. Vesey-FitzGerald, bird studies, economic insects 1956 W. Travis, underwater and general observations 1957 Dec. 7 W. D. Hartman, land birds 1960 Sept. 26- 29 B. H. Baker (geology) and C. 3. Piggott (soils) 1961 Sept. 28- Oct. 3 P. 0. Wiehe, plants 1967 Oct. 3 M. D. Gwynne, D. Wood, I. S. C. Parker, collections of plants and birds 1968 Sept. 19 D. R. Stoddart, M. E. D. Poore, T. S. Westoll, collection of plants, observations of geomorphology and birds Reference Moresby (1842) Stoddart and Benson (1969) Gardiner and Cooper (1907), Gardiner (1936) Travis (1959) Hartman (1958) Baker (1963) Piggott (1961, 1968) Fosberg and Renvoize, this issue Parker (1970) ; Gwynne and Wood (1969) This report
Lagoon and reefs Geomorphology Knowledge of the reefs and submarine topography comes entirely from hydrographic surveys and aerial photographs (Figure 2), but it is clear that Farquhar lagoon is one of the most complex in topography and presumably in geomorphic history in the world. Three main divisions may be noted: (1) the main lagoon basin, 17 km long and with a greatest width of 7.5 km; (2) a triangular area on the south side, extending 4.5 km southwards from the rim of the main lagoon basin; and (3) a submerged spur at the northwest corner, extending for 7 km northwestwards with depths of 11-30 m. The main lagoon basin is crossed by a series of narrow continuous ridges, up to 5 km long, trending approximately NE-SW. Air photographs suggest that these are not active reefs at the present time. These ridges divide the basin into three parts: a western part with apparently smooth floor at depths of 10-15 m, with hardly any reef knolls; a central part with very numerous knolls and patches, and depths probably about 8-10 m; and an eastern part with ridges and few knolls, and depths of 4-11 m. The southern triangular extension is crowded with knolls and patches, with deep holes of up to 16.5 m. The southern reef flat here is wide, with much coral growth around broad shallow entrances. Nothing is known of the northwest extension apart from the bathymetry shown in Figure 2. The asymmetry of the shallow features of the atoll is thus marked; it is emphasised further by the character of the peripheral reef. The eastern reef flat is rocky, straight, and tidally emergent; it is largely covered with detrital islands. The reef on the south side is apparently actively growing, and its flat is low enough for coral growth. The reef flat on the west and north sides is poorly defined, with only small patches rising to intertidal levels. Air photographs show that the peripheral reef flats, both of the main basin and of the southern triangle, truncate structures within the lagoon. Thus lagoonal ridges near Goelette and South Island pass into reef flat deposits, and in the southern triangle debris sheets from the reef front are burying reef knolls in the back reef area. There is only one entrance to the lagoon, a narrow channel 6-10 m deep near the north point, though much water must enter the lagoon over the windward reef flat south of Goelette and leave over the leeward reefs. Bottom topography seaward of the peripheral reefs is also unusual. Gn the eastern side depths of less than 30 m are found between 1 and 2.5 km from the reef edge, though the floor then falls more steeply to depths of hundreds of metres. Along the north coast the zone less than 30 m deep is 1 km or less wide, though broadening at the northwest point.
Page 1 and 2: ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN 136. Coral
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Atoll Research
Page 5 and 6: J. D. Taylor Department of Zoology,
Page 7 and 8: 15. Plants of Desroches F. R. Fosbe
Page 9 and 10: vi Page 21 . Fregataminorcolonies o
Page 11 and 12: viii 21. Transverse erosional groov
Page 13 and 14: Fig. 1. The Southwest Indian Ocean
Page 15 and 16: (c) the Farquhar group, comprising
Page 17 and 18: Acknowledgements Specific acknowled
Page 19 and 20: 2. GEOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY OF FARQIJH
Page 21: the 1960s. The atoll was visited in
Page 25 and 26: esembles outcrops of clastic rocks
Page 27 and 28: are present, and those which are fo
Page 29 and 30: A single bryophyte, collected on th
Page 31 and 32: Breeding land birds Birds - The num
Page 33 and 34: Sula sula -- Recorded from South Is
Page 35 and 36: Borradaile, L. A. 1907. Land and fr
Page 37 and 38: Hartman, W. D. 1958. Report on some
Page 39 and 40: FARQUHAR ATOLL 1. Scaevola communit
Page 41 and 42: 5. Prograding lagoon shore with Sca
Page 43 and 44: 9. Replanting of coconuts in hurric
Page 45 and 46: 13-14. Sooty Terns and Noddies op G
Page 47 and 48: 17. Copra sheds at Settlement, Nort
Page 49 and 50: ELEUSINE INDICA (L.) Gaertn. South
Page 51 and 52: GYNANDROPSIS GYNANDRA (L.) Briq. S.
Page 53 and 54: RHIZOPHORA MUCRONATA Lam. North I.,
Page 55 and 56: 4. AN OLD RECORD OF A BLUE PIGEON A
Page 57 and 58: 5. GEOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY OF COSMOLE
Page 60 and 61: Fig. 4. The Aldabra Group
Page 62 and 63: Polyte, about 250 m wide, is formed
Page 64 and 65: The mangrove vegetation has not bee
Page 66 and 67: 46 Table 5. Mollusca collected on C
Page 68 and 69: group, for example a Dolichopodid f
Page 70 and 71: low and fast over the dunes and usu
Page 72 and 73:
Guano is no longer worked on Northe
Page 74 and 75:
Distant, W. L. 1913. Rhynchota. Par
Page 76 and 77:
Smith, J. L. B. 1956. The fishes of
Page 78 and 79:
PANICUM MAXIMUM Jacq. Menai I., s.
Page 80 and 81:
CLEOME STRIGOSA (Boj.) Oliv. Wizard
Page 82 and 83:
SCUTIA MYRTINA (Burm. f .) Kurz Men
Page 84 and 85:
SARCOSTEMMA VIMINALE R. Br. Menai I
Page 86 and 87:
7. LAND (INCLUDING SHORE) BIRDS OF
Page 88 and 89:
Cisticola cherina Malagasy Grass -W
Page 90 and 91:
It would be interesting to ascertai
Page 92 and 93:
Wing Tail Culmen from base - - Asto
Page 94 and 95:
Of six specimens whose extreme yout
Page 96 and 97:
Locality Menai Wizard Wing 277 nun
Page 98 and 99:
Summary 1. An account is given of t
Page 100 and 101:
Vesey-FitzGerald, L. D. E. F. 1940.
Page 102 and 103:
\ / \ / 0 1000 \ 1 \ ,.,' Metres ,
Page 104 and 105:
deeply dissected with large solutio
Page 106 and 107:
esembles the vegetation of the more
Page 108 and 109:
wide muddy flats. In the north ther
Page 110 and 111:
Table 10. Crustacea (Decapoda) coll
Page 112 and 113:
-- Sula sula Recorded by Watson et
Page 114 and 115:
assistance. Also Mr Basil Bell, Dir
Page 116 and 117:
Lionnet, J. F. G. 1970. Note on the
Page 118 and 119:
CYMODOCEA [CILI ATA] Seen by Grubb
Page 120 and 121:
DIOSCOREA NESIOTIS Hemsl. S. l., Ri
Page 122 and 123:
TAMARINDUS INDICA L. S. l., Ridgway
Page 124 and 125:
ABUTILON ANGULATUM (G. ' P.) Mast.
Page 126 and 127:
IPOMOEA PES-CAPRAE [L.) R. Br. (sen
Page 128 and 129:
LAUNAEA INTYBACEA (Jaca . > P. Beau
Page 130 and 131:
ACRAEIDAE Acraea ranavalona Boisduv
Page 132 and 133:
As already recorded in the Cosmoled
Page 134 and 135:
(page 14) that D. asha is "a dimorp
Page 136 and 137:
Fryer, J. C. F. 1911. The structure
Page 138 and 139:
I I . .. Windward perched sand beac
Page 140 and 141:
scientific investigations. The Roya
Page 142 and 143:
Table 13. Monthly rainfall at ~ssum
Page 144 and 145:
Mixed scrub community The mixed scr
Page 146 and 147:
One hole near the north point also
Page 148 and 149:
Marine fauna The Green Turtle Chelo
Page 150 and 151:
Nor has the Barn Owl Tyto alba been
Page 152 and 153:
Nicoll's - B. - s. crawfordi, only
Page 154 and 155:
(Bourne 1966). Not seen in 1967. Se
Page 156 and 157:
dunes and the windward perched beac
Page 158 and 159:
Dupont, R. P. 1907. Report on a vis
Page 160 and 161:
Piggott, C. J. 1968. A soil survey
Page 162 and 163:
ASSUMPTION ISLAND 18. Low champigno
Page 164 and 165:
22. Outer edge of the reef flat nea
Page 166 and 167:
26. View from the summit of the hig
Page 168 and 169:
30. Leafless Pisonia in the low rr.
Page 170 and 171:
34. Labourers' huts at Settlement;
Page 172 and 173:
148 SPOROBOLUS VIRGINICUS L. Along
Page 174 and 175:
150 ACALYPHA CLAOXYLOIDES Hutch. We
Page 176 and 177:
CORDIA SUBCORDATA Lam. Northern par
Page 178 and 179:
14. GEOGRAPMY AND ECOLOGY OF DESROC
Page 180 and 181:
Table 15. Scientific studies at Des
Page 182 and 183:
Cassytha filiformis is very widespr
Page 184 and 185:
In addition to these records, Coppi
Page 186 and 187:
Baker, B. H. 1963. Geology and mine
Page 188 and 189:
Parker, I. S. C. 1970. Some ornitho
Page 190 and 191:
38. Massive beachrock near the cent
Page 192 and 193:
42. Labourers' quarters at Settleme
Page 194 and 195:
CYPERUS LIGULARIS L. Stoddart 4 Poo
Page 196 and 197:
TERMINALIA CATAPPA L. Seen by Stodd
Page 198 and 199:
---- REEF EDGE 0 PHOSPHATIC SANDSTO
Page 200 and 201:
The vegetation of the phosphate are
Page 202 and 203:
Foudia madagascariensis First recor
Page 204 and 205:
Rats have been introduced, but apar
Page 206 and 207:
Lamb, C. G. 1914. Diptera: Heterone
Page 208 and 209:
17. PLANTS OF REMIRE (EAGLE) ISLAND
Page 210 and 211:
ACALYPHA INDICA L. Stoddart & Poore
Page 212 and 213:
18. GEOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY OF AFRICA
Page 214 and 215:
Shore birds Ardea cinerea Two nests
Page 216 and 217:
[Coppinger, R. W., and others.] 188
Page 218 and 219:
TOURNEFORTIA ARGENTEA L. f. Seen by
Page 220 and 221:
cannot provide any information on t
Page 222 and 223:
RED-FOOTED BOOBY ISSC+I BLUE-FACED
Page 224 and 225:
Table 20. Meteorological data, mean
Page 226 and 227:
Insects of Tromelin The following l
Page 228 and 229:
to have been of Ipomoea pes-caprae
Page 230 and 231:
Table 22. Breeding birds and occasi
Page 232 and 233:
44. -- Sula sula rubripes: chick wi
Page 234:
48. Sula sula rubripes: adult "brow
Page 237 and 238:
22. SOME ORNITHOLOGICAL OBSERVATION
Page 239 and 240:
Sula leucogaster Bodd. One specimen
Page 241 and 242:
Streptopelia picturata (Temm.) Some
Page 243 and 244:
APPENDIX: NAMES OF THE ISLANDS J. F
Page 245 and 246:
Alphonse, St Franfois and Bijoutier
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