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18 3. Governance performance indicators Summary of governance goals, objectives and indicators Goals Objectives Code Indicators Page Ensuring adequate institutional, policy and legal arrangements Ensuring adequate management processes and implementation Enhancing information, knowledge, awareness and participation Mainstreaming ICOM into sustainable development; Economic instruments mainstreaming Ensuring the coordination and coherence of administrative actors and policies Supporting integrated management through adequate legislation and regulations Assessing the environmental impacts of policies, plans, programmes and projects G1 Existence and functioning of a representative coordinating mechanism for ICOM G2 Existence and adequacy of legislation enabling ICOM 117 G3 EIA, SEA and CCA procedures for plans, programmes and projects affecting coastal zones Resolving conflicts over coastal space and resources G4 Existence and functioning of a conflict resolution mechanism 123 Managing the coastline through integrated plans G5 Existence, status and coverage of ICOM plans 126 Implementing and enforcing ICOM plans and actions G6 Active management in areas covered by ICOM plans 129 Routinely monitoring, evaluating and adjusting ICOM efforts Supporting ICOM through sustained administrative structures Ensuring that management decisions are better informed by science G7 Routine monitoring, evaluation and adjustment of ICOM initiatives 132 G8 Sustained availability and allocation of human, technical and financial resources for ICOM, including the leverage of additional resources G9 Existence, dissemination and application of ICOM-related scientific research and information Ensuring sustained support from engaged stakeholders G10 Level of stakeholder participation in, and satisfaction with, ICOM decision-making processes Ensuring Non-governmental Organization (NGO) and Community-based Organization (CBO) involvement Ensuring adequate levels or higher education and professional preparation for ICOM Enabling and supporting ICOM through technology, including environmentally- friendly technology Incorporating economic instruments into coastal management policies Mainstreaming coastal and ocean management into sustainable development G11 Existence and activity level of NGOs and CBOs supportive of ICOM 144 G12 Incorporation of ICOM into educational and training curricula and formation of ICOM cadres G13 Use of technology, including environmentally friendly technology, to enable and support ICOM G14 Use of economic instruments in support to ICOM 153 G15 Incorporation of ICOM into sustainable development strategy 157 114 120 135 138 141 147 150 IOC Manuals and Guides 46
3.1 Introduction ICOM, by definition, is a governance tool used to plan and manage human activities within a defined coastal and ocean management area. Despite numerous efforts to implement and monitor the progress of ICOM at the global, regional and programme levels, difficulties are still experienced with respect to linking policy responses with observed on-the-ground changes and vice versa. Addressing this issue is becoming increasingly important because decision-makers and the public, as well as international donors and others, are demanding to see tangible results of ICOM investments. Hence, the development of a parsimonious set of governance indicators that can be easily applied in different socio-political contexts looms as a major challenge for analysts and decision-makers alike. 3.2 Coastal and ocean governance Coastal and ocean governance may be defined as the processes and institutions by which coastal and ocean areas are managed by public authorities in association with communities, industries, NGOs and other stakeholders through national, sub-national and international laws, policies and programmes, as well as through customs, tradition and culture, in order to improve the socioeconomic conditions of the communities that depend on these areas and their living resources. According to Cicin-Sain and Knecht (1998), the main purposes of coastal and ocean governance are to: • Achieve sustainable development of the multiple uses of coastal and ocean areas; • Maintain essential ecological processes, life support systems and biological diversity in coastal and ocean areas; • Reduce vulnerability of coastal and ocean areas and their inhabitants to natural and human-induced hazards; • Analyse and address implications of development, conflicting uses and interrelationships among physical processes and human activities in ocean and coastal areas; and • Promote linkages and harmonization among coastal and ocean sectors and activities. IOC Manuals and Guides 46 A handbook for measuring the progress and outcomes of integrated coastal and ocean management Since in most countries coastal and ocean areas are in the public domain, their governance demands: a high level of stewardship; the assumption of responsibility for their long-term wellbeing as well as that of their living resources; the promotion of sustainable development of their multiple uses; and public accountability and transparency. Governance factors thought to be important in enabling successful ICOM interventions include (Belfiore, 2005): • An appropriate legal authority (e.g., the establishment of a coastal/ocean law or decree); • Appropriate institutional arrangements, such as a lead agency and an ICOM coordinating body; • Clear geographical boundaries of the plan or programme; • Regulatory powers and instruments for controlling development within the application area; • Human, technical and financial resources to implement the plan or programme; • Procedures in place for monitoring, evaluating and adjusting the plan or programme. 19
Page 2 and 3: A handbook for measuring the progre
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74 Phase Planning and management ar
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78 6.Applying the indicators Code I
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80 6.Applying the indicators Code I
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84 6.Applying Checklist A Selecting
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88 6.Applying Checklist B Planning
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92 Checklist C Conducting the test
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94 6.Applying the indicators Worksh
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96 Step Action Completed D.1 a. For
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98 1. Introduction Summary, The pre
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100 7.Summary, lessons learned and
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102 7.Summary, Box 7-1 Some compone
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104 7.Summary, Case study Ecologica
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106 References 7.Summary, lessons l
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110 Glossary Accountability Obligat
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114 Annex I G1 Coordinating mechani
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116 Annex I G1 Coordinating mechani
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118 G2 Legislation Methodological d
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120 Annex I G3 Environmental assess
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122 Annex I G3 Environmental assess
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124 Annex I G4 Conflict resolution
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126 Annex I G5 Integrated managemen
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128 Annex I G5 Integrated managemen
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130 Annex I G6 Active management Me
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132 Annex I G7 Monitoring and evalu
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134 Annex I G7 Monitoring and evalu
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136 Annex I Detailed description of
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138 Annex I G9 Inputs from scientif
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140 Annex I G9 Inputs from scientif
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142 Annex I G10 Stakeholder partici
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144 Annex I G11 NGO and CBO activit
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146 Annex I G11 NGO and CBO activit
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148 Annex I G12 Education and train
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150 G13 Technology Nature of indica
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152 G13 Technology Assessment of da
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154 Annex I G14 Economic Instrument
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156 Annex I Detailed description of
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158 G15 Sustainable development str
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DRIVERS Uses of the Marine Environm
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DRIVERS Uses of the Marine Environm
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164 Annex III E1 Biological diversi
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170 Annex III E2 Distribution of sp
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172 E3 Abundance Assessment of data
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174 Annex III Detailed description
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176 Annex III Detailed description
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178 Annex III E5 Trophic interactio
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180 E6 Mortality Assessment of data
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182 Annex III E7 Species health Nat
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184 Annex III E7 Species health Ass
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186 Annex III E8 Water quality Natu
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188 Annex III E8 Water quality Meth
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190 E8 Water quality Assessment of
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192 Annex III E9 Habitat quality Na
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194 Annex III E9 Habitat quality As
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196 Annex IV SE 1 Total economic va
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198 Annex IV SE 2 Direct investment
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200 Annex IV SE 3 Total employment
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202 Annex IV SE 4 Sectorial diversi
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204 Annex IV Detailed description o
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206 Annex IV SE 7 Disease and illne
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208 Annex IV SE 9 Population dynami
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210 SE 11 Public access Nature of i
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IOC Manuals and Guides No. Title 1
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