MBA Dissertation Sample on Globalization

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and sensitivity in business processes. Connectivity are said to be based on both local and international dimensions where organizational frameworks vary and thus make business processes become complex in nature (58-59). This connectivity ideology is developed to be perceived as establishing a bonded trading environment that operates as one society which is composed of multiculturalism and varying institutional components. Economic demands are said to be the primary factors that attract participants to prosper through globalization processes and thus finding interest in converging their differences (Breton & Reitz, 2003: 1). Charles (2012) argues that increasing globalization also attracts business threats in effort to create business opportunities for companies and thus effective business strategies have become relevant for firms to gain economically (161). This paper attempts to focus on the challenges that globalization processes pose to operations of multinational companies and in particular Diageo-Guiness Company in Nigeria. <strong>MBA</strong><strong>Dissertation</strong>.org Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Ritzer (2009) informs that globalization processes are numerous and whose sources are different. Globalization is said can be concentrated on politics, economy, education, science and many others (47). The objectives of this paper direct this study to focus only on studying globalization in the economics context and how its challenges impacts on the operations of multinational companies. In this chapter, the paper will develop the study based on globalization processes which are driven by economic factors mentioned and explained by Akram, Faheem, Dost & Abdullah (2011). These factors are noted to include forces of production, availability of knowledge and skills, technology and others for the better utilization of resources, improvement of economic development of countries and human welfare. This, in other words, enables one appreciate economic development as one which is facilitated by globalization to maximize the potentials of available resources through increased cross-border trade operations (291-292). 2.2 A Study on Globalization Processes in the Economics Context Ali & Reza (2011) recalls that in the past, country governments had been tasked with the responsibility of maintaining economic welfare and security for their nationals (1344-1345). Chang (2003) elaborates that this role of the government involved establishing public enterprises in regions which had a differential advantage or where rates of investments required are high (206). According to French (2008) these traditions are being overtaken by global processes whose forces are referred to as globalization (ix). Kleinert (2004) explains that these forces have transformed
<strong>MBA</strong><strong>Dissertation</strong>.org the economic activities of countries into being integrated with other economies of the World. Through globalization, trade between countries is observed to have increased remarkably; technology and knowledge transfer have been introduced and have equally grown; as well as high rates of capital movements realized. Hence distance between economies is no longer an issue. These three components of globalization are noted to occasion world’s economic integration process (1). Crepaz (2001) develops that globalization processes have extremely limited the roles of national governments in fulfilling its mandate in regards to sustaining economic welfare and security for their citizens. Moreover, it is perceived that with its increasing growth, democracy of these governments in this context will be eliminated soon (1-2). A study done by Joseph, Lee, Chad & James (2004) that focuses on the theoretical aspects relating to the effects of globalization on a country, creates a conceptualized framework that explain how globalization influences the economic life of a country. In the study, it is conveyed that globalization develops structures that govern inflows and outflows of products and services that citizens depend on, labor, technology and capital. Moreover, globalization shows the State’s affairs of a country which determine how the country becomes economically integrated with the rest of the world (251). Despite integration of markets in the world and liberation of trade that globalization has positively contributed to economic developments of countries, the new trends created by globalization that involve developing new social aspects of human life are said to limit efforts by national governments in improving the welfare of their citizens. Such trends include reduction of job opportunities within the country and creating more of them abroad and others. This is supported by the fact that through globalization, markets are integrated for capital, factors of production, products and services, and labor (Joseph, et al, 2004: 253). Chen (2003) constructs that in this global market that is facilitated by globalization, players in this arena are sovereign states and multinational companies. These players are said to act as regulators of market conditions to discourage failures. Multinational firms are said to take up the role when the sovereign states are weak to regulate failures in the global market. As it has been explained earlier on, governments are not powerful enough to regulate international markets and also, conflicts of interests among states make them weaker. Thus, multinational companies are left to establish global market rules (1). Marc (2007) on his study on the relationship between national governments and multinational companies adds that globalization processes have made the status of these governments weaker and those of multinational’s stronger. That is, today, these transnational firms are perceived as powerful institutions as a result of the assets they possess and thus, governments employ them to enhance their domestic economies (67).
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