AIRO Application Guide Protocols & Principles

Doc.#: MI-42-0005
Rev. 8
AIRO
SYSTEM
Application Guide
Protocols and Principles

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
Table of Contents
1 Scan and Reconstruction 4
1.1 Concept of Scan Protocols 4
1.2 Scan Modes 4
1.2.1 Sequential Scanning 4
Acquisition, Slice Collimation and Slice Width for Sequential Scanning Mode 4
Pitch 4
Kernels 4
1.2.2 Helical Scanning 5
Acquisition, Slice Collimation and Slice Width for Helical Mode 5
Pitch 5
Kernels 5
2 Dose Information 6
2.1 CTDIw and CTDIvol 6
2.2 kV and Effective mAs 7
2.3 Adjusting for Image Noise 7
2.4 Weight Adaptation (For Some Protocols) 7
3 Scan Protocols 8
3.1 Head, Sinus & Orbit Studies 8
Overview 8
Hints in General 8
Category Parameters 9
3.1.1 HeadHelical 10
3.1.2 HeadSeq 11
3.1.3 SinusHelical 12
3.1.4 SinusSeq 13
3.1.5 OrbitHelical 14
3.1.6 OrbitSeq 15
3.2 Shoulder 16
Overview 16
Hints in General 16
3.2.1 ShoulderHelical 17
3.2.2 ShoulderSeq 18
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Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.3 Thorax (Chest) 19
Overview 19
Hints in General 19
3.3.1 ThoraxHelical 20
3.3.2 ThoraxSeq 21
3.4 Abdomen 22
Overview 22
Hints in General 22
3.4.1 AbdomenHelical 23
3.4.2 AbdomenSeq 24
3.5 Pelvis (Hip) 25
Overview 25
Hints in General 25
3.5.1 PelvisHelical 26
3.5.2 PelvisSeq 27
3.6 Spine 28
Overview 28
Hints in General 28
3.6.1 C-SpineHelical 29
3.6.2 C-SpineSeq 30
3.6.3 SpineHelical 31
3.6.4 SpineSeq 32
3.7 Extremities 33
Overview 33
Hints in General 33
3.7.1 ExtremitiesHelical 34
3.7.2 ExtremitiesSeq 35
3.8 Full Body/Newborn Body 36
Overview 36
Hints in General 36
3.8.1 Full Body/Neonate Body/Helical 37
3.8.2 Full Body/Neonate BodySeq 38
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Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
1 Scan and Reconstruction
1.1 Concept of Scan Protocols
The scan protocols are defined according to body regions – Head, Shoulder, Thorax,
Abdomen, Pelvis, Spine, Extremities. In addition, there is a ‘full body’ region for
newborns.
The general concept is as follows: All protocols are standard helical modes. For example,
“Abdomen” means the helical mode for the abdomen.
1.2 Scan Modes
1.2.1 Sequential Scanning
This is an incremental, slice-by-slice imaging mode in which there is no table movement
during data acquisition. A minimum inter-scan delay in between each acquisition is required
to move the table to the next slice position
Acquisition, Slice Collimation and Slice Width for Sequential Scanning Mode
The AIRO has one fixed collimator and reconstruction slice width. It is:
Total Slice Gantry Movement
Slice Width
Collimation Between Acquisitions
32 x 1.06 = 33.92mm 31.92mm 1.0mm
Pitch
In AIRO Sequential Scanning CT:
Pitch factor = Gantry Movement Between Acquisitions/total slice collimation
Where the gantry movement between acquisitions is 33.92mm and total collimation is
33.92 mm at isocenter.
Therefore the AIRO Sequential Scanning Pitch Factor = 31.92/33.92 = 0.941
With the AIRO MobiCT-32, the slice collimation and gantry movement per acquisition are
fixed which results in a fixed pitch factor of 0.941 for all scan protocols.
The slice width is independent of pitch and for the AIRO the slice width is always set to
1.0mm.
Kernels
There are 3 set kernels for the AIRO: Sharp, Standard, and Soft.
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Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
1.2.2 Helical Scanning
Helical scanning is a continuous volume imaging mode. The data acquisition and gantry
movement are performed simultaneously for the entire scan duration. A typical range can
be acquired in a single breath hold.
Acquisition, Slice Collimation and Slice Width for Helical Mode
The AIRO has one fixed collimator and reconstruction slice width. It is:
Total Slice Gantry Movement Per
Slice Width
Collimation
Rotation
32 x 1.06 = 33.92mm 48mm 1.0mm
Pitch
In AIRO Multislice CT:
Pitch factor = gantry movement per rotation/total slice collimation
Where the gantry movement per rotation is 48mm and total collimation is 33.92 mm at
isocenter.
Therefore the AIRO Pitch Factor = 48/33.92 = 1.415
With the AIRO MobiCT-32, the slice collimation and gantry movement per rotation are fixed
which results in a fixed pitch factor of 1.415 for all scan protocols.
The slice width is independent of pitch and for the AIRO the slice width is always set to
1.0mm.
Kernels
There are 3 set kernels for the AIRO: Sharp, Standard, and Soft.
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Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
2 Dose Information
2.1 CTDIw and CTDIvol
The average dose in the scan plane is best described by the CTDIw for the selected scan
parameters. The CTDIw is measured in dedicated plastic phantoms – 16 cm diameter for
head and 32 cm diameter for body (as defined in IEC 60601 – 2 – 44). This dose index
gives a good estimation for the average dose applied in the scanned volume, as long as
the patient size is similar to the size of the respective dose phantoms.
Since the body size can be smaller or larger than 32 cm, the CTDIw value displayed can
deviate from the dose in the scanned volume.
The CTDIw definition and measurement are based on single axial scan modes. For clinical
scanning, i.e. scanning of entire volumes in patients, the average dose will also depend on
the table feed in between axial scans or the feed per rotation in helical scanning. The dose,
expressed as the CTDIw, must therefore be corrected by the Pitch Factor of the helical scan
or an axial scan series to describe the average dose in the scanned volume.
For this purpose the IEC defined the term “CTDIVol” in February 2009 for helical scans is
defined as:
CTDIvol = CTDIw/Pitch Factor
This dose number is displayed on the AIRO user interface for the selected scan
parameters.
CTDIvol based on the 32cm phantom can be converted to CTDIvol based on the 16cm
phantom as follows:
CTDIvol16 = CTDIvol32 / CTDIw16 * CTDIw32
Where CTDIw32 and CTDIw16 are CTDIw values for the appropriate kV level from the table
below.
kV CTDI w16 CTDI w32
80 14.44 10.39
100 25.81 18.47
120 38.17 28.63
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Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
2.2 kV and Effective mAs
For AIRO sequential scan and helical scan protocols, the tube voltage is always set at a
constant 120kV and the indicated mAs is the effective mAs per image. The correlation
between tube current mA and effective mAs of helical scans on a Multislice CT scanner is
given by the following formula:
Effective mAs = mA * Rot Time / Pitch Factor
Pitch Factor = Gantry Feed per Rotation / (nrow x Slice Collimation)
Where slice collimation refers to the collimation of one detector row, and nrow is the
number of used detector rows.
In the case of sequential scanning during data acquisition given that the Pitch Factor = 1.
Effective mAs = mAs = mA * Rot Time
2.3 Adjusting for Image Noise
Scan Protocols are defined by patient anatomy to be scanned and the patient weight. The
reference patient is defined as a typical adult, 70 kg to 80 kg or 155 to 180 lbs. The
correlation between attenuation and tube current is defined by an analytical function which
adjusts the tube current based on patient weight and anatomy to be scanned. This function
may be adjusted to adapt the image quality (image noise) according to the diagnostic
requirements and the individual preference of the Radiologist.
2.4 Weight Adaptation (For Some Protocols)
Certain protocols use patient weight as an input to an automatic exposure control (AEC)
calculation of constant tube mA. The calculation is as follows:
Where:
Adapted mA = Standard mA * Patient Weight / Standard Patient Weight
• Standard mA = mA for body region in a 70 kg patient
• Standard Patient Weight = 70 kg
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Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3 Scan Protocols
Two sets of scan protocols are presented – original and alternate. Alternate protocols were
introduced in AIRO software 1.3 and are recommended. These protocols provide optimized
dose for equivalent image quality. The original protocols are preserved for reference
purposes.
3.1 Head, Sinus & Orbit Studies
Overview
• Modes for routine helical and sequential scanning head, sinus and orbit studies
Hints in General
• Tomogram: Lateral, 496 mm.
• Patient positioning: Patient lying in supine position, arms resting along the body, secure
head well in the head holder, support lower legs.
• For all head studies, it is very important for image quality to position the patient in the
center of the scan field. Use the lateral laser beam to make sure that the patient is
positioned in the center.
• In order to optimize image quality versus radiation dose, scans are provided within a
maximum scan field of 256 mm with respect to the iso-center. Patient positioning has to
be performed accurately to ensure a centered location of the skull.
• An automatic bone correction and an advanced algorithm allows for improved head
image quality, without any additional post-processing.
Page 8 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
Category Parameters
Group
Identifier
Low Age
(years)
High Age
(years)
Weight
(kg) 5%
Weight (kg)
Typical
Weight
(kg) 95%
Height
(cm) 5%
Height (cm)
Typical
Pediatric Newborn 0 0.08 2.2 3.2 4.6 45.6 52.2 58.8
Pediatric Baby 0.08 1 4.5 8.2 12.8 49.6 65.1 80.6
Pediatric Toddler 1 3 9 12.7 17.3 68.9 81 93
Pediatric Pre-School 3 6 12.6 17.2 22.8 87.5 102 116.5
Pediatric School-aged 6 10 17.2 27.2 41 106.6 125.2 143.9
Pediatric Pre-adolescent 10 13 27.2 38.6 63.6 127.3 144.4 161.6
Pediatric Teenager 13 18 38.5 59 90.8 145.7 166.3 187
Pediatric Late Adolescent 18 21 45.3 70.3 104.4 152.5 170.5 188.5
Adult Adult Alternate 21 - 45.3 70.3 104.4 152.5 170.5 188.5
Adult Adult Original 21 - 45.3 70.3 104.4 152.5 170.5 188.5
Height
(cm) 95%
Group Identifier Low Age (years) High Age (years)
Typical Head
Circumference (mm)
Pediatric Newborn 0 0.08 360 115
Pediatric Baby 0.08 1 430 137
Pediatric Toddler 1 3 480 153
Pediatric Pre-School 3 6 500 159
Pediatric School-aged 6 10 500 159
Pediatric Pre-adolescent 10 13 500 159
Pediatric Teenager 13 18 500 159
Pediatric Late Adolescent 18 21 500 159
Adult Adult Alternate 21 - 500 159
Adult Adult Original 21 - 500 159
Typical Head
Diameter (mm)
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Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.1.1 HeadHelical
Indications:
Helical mode for routine head studies, e.g. stroke, brain tumors, cranial trauma, cerebral atrophy, hydrocephalus, and
inflammation, etc. A range for the base and for the cerebrum of 200 mm will be covered in 10 sec.
Adult
HeadHelical
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 240 220 84 103 136 174 220 220 220 220
Effective mAs 325.7 298.5 113.4 140.3 185.1 235.8 298.5 298.5 298.5 298.5
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm
Pitch Factor 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415
Kernel Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard
CTDIvol 64.7 mGy 59.3 mGy 22.6 mGy 27.9 mGy 36.8 mGy 46.9 mGy 59.3 mGy 59.3 mGy 59.3 mGy 59.3 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
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Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.1.2 HeadSeq
Indications:
Sequential mode for routine head studies, e.g. stroke, brain tumors, cranial trauma, cerebral atrophy, hydrocephalus,
and inflammation, etc. A range for the base and for the cerebrum of 200 mm will be covered in 25 sec.
Adult
HeadSeq
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 169.6 155.5 59.1 73.1 96.4 122.8 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5
Effective mAs 325.7 298.5 113.4 140.3 185.1 235.8 298.5 298.5 298.5 298.5
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm
Kernel Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard
CTDIvol 64.7 mGy 59.3 mGy 22.6 mGy 27.9 mGy 36.8 mGy 46.9 mGy 59.3 mGy 59.3 mGy 59.3 mGy 59.3 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
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Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.1.3 SinusHelical
Indications:
Helical mode for paranasal sinuses studies, e.g. sinusitis, mucocele, pneumatization, polyposis, tumor, corrections etc.
A range of 100 mm will be covered in 5 sec.
Adult
SinusHelical
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 52 41 30 33 35 38 41 41 41 41
Effective mAs 70.6 55.6 41.2 44.5 47.8 51.7 55.6 55.6 55.6 55.6
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm
Pitch Factor 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415
Kernel Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp
CTDIvol 14.0 mGy 11.1 mGy 8.2 mGy 8.8 mGy 9.5 mGy 10.3 mGy 11.1 mGy 11.1 mGy 11.1 mGy 11.1 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
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Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.1.4 SinusSeq
Indications:
Sequential mode for paranasal sinuses studies, e.g. sinusitis, mucocele, pneumatization, polyposis, tumor, corrections
etc. A range of 100 mm will be covered in 13 sec.
Adult
SinusSeq
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 36.7 29 21.4 23.2 24.9 26.9 29 29 29 29
Effective mAs 70.6 55.6 41.2 44.5 47.8 51.7 55.6 55.6 55.6 55.6
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm
Kernel Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp
CTDIvol 14.0 mGy 11.1 mGy 8.2 mGy 8.8 mGy 9.5 mGy 10.3 mGy 11.1 mGy 11.1 mGy 11.1 mGy 11.1 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 13 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.1.5 OrbitHelical
Indications:
Helical mode for paranasal sinuses studies, e.g. sinusitis, mucocele, pneumatization, polyposis, tumor, corrections etc.
A range of 100 mm will be covered in 5 sec.
Adult
OrbitHelical
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 85 67 50 54 58 62 67 67 67 67
Effective mAs 115.3 90.9 67.3 72.7 78.2 84.5 90.9 90.9 90.9 90.9
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm
Pitch Factor 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415
Kernel Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard
CTDIvol 22.9 mGy 18.1 mGy 13.4 mGy 14.5 mGy 15.5 mGy 16.8 mGy 18.1 mGy 18.1 mGy 18.1 mGy 18.1 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 14 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.1.6 OrbitSeq
Indications:
Sequential mode for paranasal sinuses studies, e.g. sinusitis, mucocele, pneumatization, polyposis, tumor, corrections
etc. A range of 100 mm will be covered in 13 sec.
Adult
OrbitSeq
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 60.1 47.3 35 37.9 40.7 44.0 47.3 47.3 47.3 47.3
Effective mAs 115.3 90.9 67.3 72.7 78.2 84.5 90.9 90.9 90.9 90.9
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm
Kernel Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard
CTDIvol 22.9 mGy 18.1 mGy 13.4 mGy 14.5 mGy 15.5 mGy 16.8 mGy 18.1 mGy 18.1 mGy 18.1 mGy 18.1 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 15 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.2 Shoulder
Overview
• Shoulder mode for routine helical and sequential scan shoulder studies
Hints in General
• Topogram: AP, 256 mm.
• Patient positioning: Patient lying in supine position, the uninjured arm placed above the head, the injured arm
placed flat along the body. If only one side is under investigation, position this side in the center and support the
other side with a Bocollo pillow.
Page 16 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.2.1 ShoulderHelical
Indications:
Helical mode for bone studies and soft tissues, e.g. evaluation of joint cavities, masses, trauma, dislocations,
orthopedic indications etc. A scan range of 150 mm will be covered in 7.5 sec.
Adult
ShoulderHelical
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 110 57 14 17 17 22 30 30 39 47
Effective mAs 149.3 77.3 19.3 22.4 22.4 30.2 41.0 41.0 52.6 64.2
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm
Pitch Factor 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415
Kernel Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp
CTDIvol 22.3 mGy 11.5 mGy 2.9 mGy 3.3 mGy 3.3 mGy 4.5 mGy 6.1 mGy 6.1 mGy 7.8 mGy 9.6 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 17 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.2.2 ShoulderSeq
Indications:
Sequential Scan mode for bone studies and soft tissues, e.g. evaluation of joint cavities, masses, trauma, dislocations,
orthopedic indications etc. A scan range of 150 mm will be covered in 19 sec.
Adult
ShoulderSeq
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 77.7 40.3 10.1 11.7 11.7 15.7 21.3 21.3 27.4 33.4
Effective mAs 149.3 77.3 19.3 22.4 22.4 30.2 41.0 41.0 52.6 64.2
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm
Kernel Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp
CTDIvol 22.3 mGy 11.5 mGy 2.9 mGy 3.3 mGy 3.3 mGy 4.5 mGy 6.1 mGy 6.1 mGy 7.8 mGy 9.6 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 18 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.3 Thorax (Chest)
Overview
• Thorax Helical and Sequential modes for routine chest studies
Hints in General
• Topogram: AP, 512 mm.
• Patient positioning: Patient lying in supine position, arms positioned comfortably above the head in the head-arm
rest, lower legs supported.
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Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.3.1 ThoraxHelical
Indications:
Routine helical studies for the region of thorax, e.g., visualization of tumors, metastases, lymphoma, lymph nodes,
vascular anomalies etc. A range of 350 mm will be covered in 17 sec.
Adult
ThoraxHelical
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 50 38 10 11 11 15 20 20 26 32
Effective mAs 67.8 51.6 12.9 15.0 15.0 20.1 27.3 27.3 35.1 42.8
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm
Pitch Factor 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415
Kernel Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard
CTDIvol 10.1 mGy 7.7 mGy 1.9 mGy 2.2 mGy 2.2 mGy 3.0 mGy 4.1 mGy 4.1 mGy 5.2 mGy 6.4 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 20 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.3.2 ThoraxSeq
Indications:
Routine sequential studies for the region of thorax, e.g., visualization of tumors, metastases, lymphoma, lymph nodes,
vascular anomalies etc. A range of 350 mm will be covered in 42 sec.
Adult
ThoraxSeq
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 35.3 26.9 6.7 7.8 7.8 10.5 14.2 14.2 18.3 22.3
Effective mAs 67.8 51.6 12.9 15.0 15.0 20.1 27.3 27.3 35.1 42.8
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm
Kernel Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard
CTDIvol 10.1 mGy 7.7 mGy 1.9 mGy 2.2 mGy 2.2 mGy 3.0 mGy 4.1 mGy 4.1 mGy 5.2 mGy 6.4 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 21 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.4 Abdomen
Overview
• Abdomen Helical and Sequential modes for routine abdomen studies
Hints in General
• Topogram: AP, 512 mm.
• Patient positioning: Patient lying in supine position, arms positioned comfortably above the head in the head-arm
rest, lower legs supported.
• Patient respiratory instructions: inspiration.
Page 22 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.4.1 AbdomenHelical
Indications:
Helical mode for all routine studies in the region of abdomen, e.g., follow-up examinations etc.
A typical liver scan in a range of 200 mm will be covered in 10 sec.
Adult
AbdomenHelical
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 110 61 15 18 18 24 32 32 41 51
Effective mAs 149.3 82.8 20.7 24.0 24.0 32.3 43.9 43.9 56.3 68.7
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm
Pitch Factor 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415
Kernel Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard
CTDIvol 22.3 mGy 12.3 mGy 3.1 mGy 3.6 mGy 3.6 mGy 4.8 mGy 6.5 mGy 6.5 mGy 8.4 mGy 10.2 mGy
Weight
Adapted
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 23 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.4.2 AbdomenSeq
Indications:
Sequential mode for all routine studies in the region of abdomen, e.g., follow-up examinations etc.
A typical liver scan in a range of 200 mm will be covered in 25 sec.
Adult
AbdomenSeq
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 77.7 43.1 10.8 12.5 12.5 16.8 22.8 22.8 29.3 35.8
Effective mAs 149.3 82.8 20.7 24.0 24.0 32.3 43.9 43.9 56.3 68.7
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm
Kernel Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard
CTDIvol 22.3 mGy 12.3 mGy 3.1 mGy 3.6 mGy 3.6 mGy 4.8 mGy 6.5 mGy 6.5 mGy 8.4 mGy 10.2 mGy
Weight
Adapted
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 24 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.5 Pelvis (Hip)
Overview
• Pelvis (Hip) Helical and Sequential modes for routine pelvis studies
Hints in General
• Topogram: AP, 512 mm for pelvis studies. Lateral topogram may result in reduced image quality.
• Patient positioning: Patient lying in supine position, arms positioned comfortably above the head in the head-arm
rest, lower legs supported.
• A breathing command is not necessarily required for the pelvic examination, since respiration does not negatively
influence this region.
Page 25 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.5.1 PelvisHelical
Indications:
Helical mode for routine pelvis studies, e.g. processes of the prostate, urinary bladder, rectum, gynecological
indications etc. A typical range of 200 mm will be covered in 10 sec.
Adult
PelvisHelical
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 110 54 14 16 16 21 29 29 37 45
Effective mAs 149.3 73.3 18.3 21.2 21.2 28.6 38.8 38.8 49.8 60.8
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm
Pitch Factor 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415
Kernel Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard
CTDIvol 22.3 mGy 10.9 mGy 2.7 mGy 3.2 mGy 3.2 mGy 4.3 mGy 5.8 mGy 5.8 mGy 7.4 mGy 9.1 mGy
Weight
Adapted
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 26 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.5.2 PelvisSeq
Indications:
Sequential mode for routine pelvis studies, e.g. processes of the prostate, urinary bladder, rectum, gynecological
indications etc. A typical range of 200 mm will be covered in 25 sec.
Adult
PelvisSeq
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 77.7 38.2 9.5 11.1 11.1 14.9 20.2 20.2 26.0 31.7
Effective mAs 149.3 73.3 18.3 21.2 21.2 28.6 38.8 38.8 49.8 60.8
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm
Kernel Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard
CTDIvol 22.3 mGy 10.9 mGy 2.7 mGy 3.2 mGy 3.2 mGy 4.3 mGy 5.8 mGy 5.8 mGy 7.4 mGy 9.1 mGy
Weight
Adapted
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 27 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.6 Spine
Overview
• C-Spine Helical and Sequential modes for cervical spine studies
• SpineRoutine Helical and Sequential modes or routine lumbar and thoracic spine studies
Hints in General
• Topogram: Lateral, 512 mm for thoracic and lumbar spine and 256 mm for the c-spine.
• Patient positioning for thoracic and lumbar spine studies: Patient lying in supine position, arms positioned
comfortably above the head in the head-arm rest, lower legs supported.
• For lumbar studies, place a cushion under the patient’s knees. This will reduce the curve in the spine and also
make the patient more comfortable.
• Patient positioning for cervical spine studies: Patient lying in supine position, hyperextend neck slightly, secure
head well in head cradle.
• Patient respiratory instruction for thoracal and c-spine studies: Do not breathe, do not swallow.
Page 28 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.6.1 C-SpineHelical
Indications:
Helical mode for cervical spine studies, e.g. prolapse, degenerative changes, trauma, tumors etc. A range of 160 mm
will be covered in 8 sec.
Adult
C-SpineHelical
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 100 100 100 100 100 120 120 120
mA 93 95 24 28 28 37 50 50 65 79
Effective mAs 126.2 128.9 32.2 37.4 37.4 50.3 68.3 68.3 87.7 107.0
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm
Pitch Factor 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415
Kernel Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp
CTDIvol 18.8 mGy 19.2 mGy 3.1 mGy 3.6 mGy 3.6 mGy 4.8 mGy 6.6 mGy 10.2 mGy 13.1 mGy 16.0 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 29 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.6.2 C-SpineSeq
Indications:
Sequential mode for cervical spine studies, e.g. prolapse, degenerative changes, trauma, tumors etc. A range of 160
mm will be covered in 20 sec.
Adult
C-SpineSeq
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 100 100 100 100 100 120 120 120
mA 65.7 67.1 16.8 19.5 19.5 26.2 35.6 35.6 45.7 55.7
Effective mAs 126.2 128.9 32.2 37.4 37.4 50.3 68.3 68.3 87.7 107.0
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm
Kernel Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp
CTDIvol 18.8 mGy 19.2 mGy 3.1 mGy 3.6 mGy 3.6 mGy 4.8 mGy 6.6 mGy 10.2 mGy 13.1 mGy 16.0 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 30 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.6.3 SpineHelical
Indications:
Helical mode for thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine studies, e.g. prolapse, degenerative changes, trauma, tumors etc.
A range of 160 mm will be covered in 8.6 sec.
Adult
Lumbar, Thoracic, & Sacrum Helical
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 110 114 29 33 33 44 60 60 78 95
Effective mAs 149.3 154.7 38.7 44.9 44.9 60.3 82.0 82.0 105.2 128.4
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm
Pitch Factor 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415
Kernel Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp
CTDIvol 22.3 mGy 23.1 mGy 5.8 mGy 6.7 mGy 6.7 mGy 9.0 mGy 12.2 mGy 12.2 mGy 15.7 mGy 19.1 mGy
Weight
Adapted
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 31 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.6.4 SpineSeq
Indications:
Sequential mode for thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine studies, e.g. prolapse, degenerative changes, trauma, tumors
etc. A range of 160 mm will be covered in 19 sec.
Adult
Lumbar, Thoracic, & Sacrum Seq
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 77.7 80.6 20.1 23.4 23.4 31.4 42.7 42.7 54.8 66.9
Effective mAs 149.3 154.7 38.7 44.9 44.9 60.3 82.0 82.0 105.2 128.4
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm
Kernel Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp
CTDIvol 22.3 mGy 23.1 mGy 5.8 mGy 6.7 mGy 6.7 mGy 9.0 mGy 12.2 mGy 12.2 mGy 15.7 mGy 19.1 mGy
Weight
Adapted
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 32 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.7 Extremities
Overview
• Extremities Helical and Sequential modes for routine wrist, elbow, knee, ankle and foot studies
Hints in General
• Topogram: AP, 256 mm for joint studies.
• Patient positioning: Depends on the region of examination. In general, for bilateral studies, you should always try to
position the patient evenly whenever the patient can comply. For wrists and elbow scans: Patient lying in prone
position, hands stretched above the head and lying flat on a Bocollo pillow, ankles supported with a pad. Both
wrists should be examined together when necessary.
• For knee scan: Patient lying in supine position, feet first, promote relaxation by placing Bocollo pillows between
knees and feet, bind feet together. The only exceptions are extremely light patients. The latter can remove the leg
not being examined from the gantry by bending it 90° at the hip and the knee and placing the bottom of the same
foot against the gantry casing.
• For ankle and feet scan: Patient lying in supine position, feet first. Bind both ankles together if necessary to
assure the AP position of both feet.
Page 33 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.7.1 ExtremitiesHelical
Indications:
Helical mode for the combination of bone and soft tissue studies, e.g. masses, trauma, disorders of the joint etc. A
range of 150 mm will be covered in 7.5 sec.
Adult
ExtremitiesHelical
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 33 34 9 10 10 13 18 18 23 28
Effective mAs 44.8 46.1 11.5 13.4 13.4 18.0 24.5 24.5 31.4 38.3
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm 48 mm
Pitch Factor 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415
Kernel Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp
CTDIvol 8.9 mGy 6.9 mGy 1.7 mGy 2.0 mGy 2.0 mGy 2.7 mGy 3.6 mGy 3.6 mGy 4.7 mGy 5.7 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 34 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.7.2 ExtremitiesSeq
Indications:
Sequential mode for the combination of bone and soft tissue studies, e.g. masses, trauma, disorders of the joint etc. A
range of 150 mm will be covered in 19 sec.
Adult
ExtremitiesSeq
Original Alternate Newborn Baby Toddler
Pre-
School
Pediatric
Schoolaged
Preadolescent
Teenager
kV 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
mA 23.3 24 6.0 7.0 7.0 9.4 12.7 12.7 16.3 19.9
Effective mAs 44.8 46.1 11.5 13.4 13.4 18.0 24.5 24.5 31.4 38.3
Rotation Time 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s 1.92 s
Slice
Collimation
Late
Adolescent
1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm 1.06 mm
Slice Width 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation 33.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm 31.92 mm
Kernel Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp
CTDIvol 8.9 mGy 6.9 mGy 1.7 mGy 2.0 mGy 2.0 mGy 2.7 mGy 3.6 mGy 3.6 mGy 4.7 mGy 5.7 mGy
Weight
Adapted
No No No No No No No No No No
Weight 70 kg 70 kg 3 kg 8 kg 13 kg 17 kg 27 kg 39 kg 59 kg 70 kg
Page 35 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.8 Full Body/Newborn Body
Overview
• Helical and Sequential modes for full body newborn
Hints in General
• Topogram: AP, FOV should be adjusted to best match patient size.
• Patient positioning: Patient lying in supine position, feet first, secure patient
Page 36 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.8.1 Full Body/Neonate Body/Helical
Indications:
Helical mode for the combination of bone and soft tissue studies, e.g. masses, trauma, disorders of the joint etc. A
range of 150 mm will be covered in 7.5 sec.
Full Body/Neonate BodyHelical
Newborn
kV 80
mA 7
Effective mAs 9.5
Rotation Time
1.92 s
Slice Collimation 1.06 mm
Slice Width
1.0 mm
Feed/Rotation
48 mm
Pitch Factor 1.415
Kernel
Standard
CTDIvol
0.5 mGy
Weight Adapted No
Weight
3 kg
Page 37 of 38

Application Guide Protocols and Principles
MI-42-0005 Rev 8
3.8.2 Full Body/Neonate BodySeq
Indications:
Sequential mode for the combination of bone and soft tissue studies, e.g. masses, trauma, disorders of the joint etc. A
range of 150 mm will be covered in 19 sec.
Full Body/Neonate BodySeq
Newborn
kV 80
mA 4.9
Effective mAs 9.5
Rotation Time
Slice Collimation
Slice Width
Feed/Rotation
Kernel
CTDIvol
Weight Adapted
Weight
1.92 s
1.06 mm
1.0 mm
48 mm
Standard
0.5 mGy
No
3 kg
Page 38 of 38