DISCUSSION <strong>The</strong> $25 billion estimate on which the state analysis is based represents total health care costs associated with opioid abuse. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to Birnbaum et al. (2011), this cost is almost entirely (approximately 95 percent) attributable to excess medical and drug costs. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and research account for the rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g 5 percent <strong>of</strong> the total health care burden. Beyond health care costs, other significant economic burdens are associated with opioid abuse. <strong>The</strong>se <strong>in</strong>clude costs related to crim<strong>in</strong>al justice, estimated at $5 billion nationally, and lost workplace productivity, estimated at $25.5 billion (Birnbaum et al. 2011). In total, opioid abuse imposes an estimated $55 billion <strong>in</strong> societal costs annually. SOURCES Birnbaum, Howard G., Alan G. White, Matt Schiller, Tracy Waldman, Jody M. Cleveland, and Carl L. Roland. 2011. “Societal Costs <strong>of</strong> Prescription <strong>Opioid</strong> Abuse, Dependence, and Misuse <strong>in</strong> the United States,” Pa<strong>in</strong> Medic<strong>in</strong>e 12, no. 4 (April): 657–67. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). 2011. “Policy Impact: Prescription Pa<strong>in</strong>killer Overdoses.” November. Kaiser Family Foundation. 2014. State Health Facts: Hospital Adjusted Expenses per Inpatient Day. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Adm<strong>in</strong>istration (SAMHSA), Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2013. <strong>The</strong> NSDUH Report: State Estimates <strong>of</strong> Nonmedical Use <strong>of</strong> Prescription Pa<strong>in</strong> Relievers. January 8. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 2014. Table 1. Annual Estimates <strong>of</strong> the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014. December. Volkow, Nora D. 2014. “<strong>America</strong>’s <strong>Addiction</strong> to <strong>Opioid</strong>s: Hero<strong>in</strong> and Prescription Drug Abuse.” National Institute on Drug Abuse. Testimony before Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control. May 14. White, Alan G., Howard G. Birnbaum, Matt Schiller, Tracy Waldman, Jody M. Cleveland, and Carl L. Roland. 2011. “<strong>Economic</strong> Impact <strong>of</strong> <strong>Opioid</strong> Abuse, Dependence, and Misuse,” <strong>America</strong>n Journal <strong>of</strong> Managed Care 3(4): e59–e70. ABOUT MGA Matrix Global Advisors is a Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC–based economic policy consult<strong>in</strong>g firm. More <strong>in</strong>formation about MGA is available at www.matrixglobaladvisors.com. This report was prepared for Partnership for Drug-Free Kids. 1350 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 610 Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC 20036 | 202-558-7159 | <strong>in</strong>fo@matrixglobaladvisors.com www.matrixglobaladvisors.com 4
APPENDIX SUMMARY OF RESULTS: STATE ANALYSIS OF HEALTH CARE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH OPIOID ABUSE State Health Care Costs from <strong>Opioid</strong> Abuse % <strong>of</strong> Abuse-Related Health Care Costs Per-Capita Health Care Costs from <strong>Opioid</strong> Abuse California Texas New York Florida Ohio $4,262,705,505 $1,963,623,647 $1,255,668,294 $1,246,526,068 $1,075,753,413 17.1% 7.9% 5.0% 5.0% 4.3% $110 $73 $64 $63 $93 Wash<strong>in</strong>gton Ill<strong>in</strong>ois Pennsylvania Michigan Arizona $976,839,152 $887,402,938 $873,738,730 $829,955,719 $698,537,803 3.9% 3.5% 3.5% 3.3% 2.8% $138 $69 $68 $84 $104 New Jersey Indiana Oregon Colorado Massachusetts $683,667,371 $650,271,374 $614,523,965 $593,705,700 $584,278,745 2.7% 2.6% 2.5% 2.4% 2.3% $76 $99 $155 $111 $87 North Carol<strong>in</strong>a Virg<strong>in</strong>ia Maryland Georgia Missouri $582,486,663 $546,523,496 $451,018,165 $447,129,259 $440,176,029 2.3% 2.2% 1.8% 1.8% 1.8% $59 $66 $75 $44 $73 Tennessee Wiscons<strong>in</strong> M<strong>in</strong>nesota South Carol<strong>in</strong>a Louisiana $422,584,957 $408,893,103 $375,689,480 $323,266,895 $296,901,908 1.7% 1.6% 1.5% 1.3% 1.2% $65 $71 $69 $67 $64 Connecticut Oklahoma Kentucky Nevada Utah $294,149,772 $266,976,223 $262,000,618 $238,241,309 $237,756,799 1.2% 1.1% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% $82 $69 $59 $84 $81 Alabama Arkansas New Mexico Idaho Kansas $234,480,306 $205,529,321 $192,777,015 $156,577,944 $148,623,448 0.9% 0.8% 0.8% 0.6% 0.6% $48 $69 $92 $96 $51 Mississippi Iowa Delaware Rhode Island New Hampshire $141,709,137 $121,049,678 $109,439,642 $108,354,005 $107,993,141 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% $47 $39 $117 $103 $81 West Virg<strong>in</strong>ia Nebraska Ma<strong>in</strong>e Hawaii Alaska $99,567,256 $97,527,060 $92,736,966 $84,803,596 $69,448,831 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% $54 $52 $70 $60 $94 DC Montana Vermont North Dakota South Dakota Wyom<strong>in</strong>g $62,588,368 $49,737,028 $38,109,065 $33,219,499 $27,820,116 $26,915,476 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% $95 $49 $61 $45 $33 $46 Total $25,000,000,000 5
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