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03 Care & cleaning<br />
Noro viruses-Information<br />
A definition of Noro viruses: How dangerous are they for humans?<br />
Definition<br />
Noro viruses are non-enveloped viruses of the Caliciviridae family. They are of great medical<br />
relevance in humans due to their causing of viral gastroenteritis (gastrointestinal inflammation).<br />
The classic symptoms of infection are nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and<br />
vomiting. Accompanying symptoms such as fever, dizziness and headache or body aches<br />
may also occur. Noro viruses are highly infectious agents and spread especially well wherever<br />
there are large crowds. The incubation period of the Noro virus is in many cases only a<br />
few hours, however it can vary greatly from person to person. The progression of the disease<br />
is rarely life threatening. Complications usually only occur in people with a weakened immune<br />
system (e.g. children, the elderly).<br />
Transmission of Noro viruses<br />
The transmission of the Noro virus or the infection usually happen by direct contact from<br />
person to person (skin contact). However, the Noro virus can also be transmitted by means<br />
of contaminated objects (doors, banisters, light switches, toilet flushing mechanisms etc.)<br />
or the intake of food. The virus is particularly resistant to external environmental influences<br />
and is therefore able to survive for a long time without a human host. In an outbreak of the<br />
virus, a relatively small amount of viruses could be responsible.<br />
Treatment and prevention<br />
Medication for Noro viruses does not exist. Therefore, the progression of the disease can<br />
only be alleviated by proper treatment. Vomiting and diarrhoea lead to a strong loss of water<br />
and electrolytes. Therefore, it is particularly important to compensate this deficit by adding<br />
fluid to the body. Diluted juices, broths or teas are especially suitable for this purpose.<br />
Easily digestible carbohydrates should be eaten for the rehabilitation of the gastric mucosa.<br />
Regular hand washing or hygienic hand disinfection is the best prevention to minimize the<br />
risk of infection. Surfaces and objects exposed to frequent skin contact should be cleaned<br />
or disinfected regularly.<br />
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