Effect of colemanite ore as boron fertilizer on growth and yield of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under field condition

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Int. J. Biosci. 2016 Boron application incre<strong>as</strong>ed the number <strong>of</strong> tillers per plant. The maximum tillers plant -1 were recorded in those plots which received 3 and 4 kg B ha -1 no significant difference w<strong>as</strong> observed within these treatments, however, statistically higher value w<strong>as</strong> noted in treatment where 4 kg B ha -1 w<strong>as</strong> applied. Minimum number <strong>of</strong> tillers plant -1 were counted in control plot. As for <strong>as</strong> the varietal difference against B levels are concerned, TD-1 performed better with highest number <strong>of</strong> tillers plant -1 <strong>as</strong> compared to the TJ-83. Interaction effect <strong>of</strong> B levels and varieties w<strong>as</strong> also found significant. The length <strong>of</strong> ear head <strong>of</strong> both wheat varieties w<strong>as</strong> affected at different levels <strong>of</strong> <strong>colemanite</strong>. Table 2. The mean <strong>of</strong> plant height, number <strong>of</strong> tillers per plant, length <strong>of</strong> earhead, seed index, straw yield and grain yield (kg ha -1 ) <strong>of</strong> two wheat genotypes <strong>as</strong> affected by B <strong>fertilizer</strong> <strong>colemanite</strong> levels. Treatment Plant height Number <strong>of</strong> Length <strong>of</strong> Seed index Straw yield Grain yield (kg ha -1 ) (kg B ha -1 ) (cm) tillers Earhead (cm) (Kg ha -1 ) Control (0.0) 46.413 E 3.2833 D 10.478 B 45.523 D 2534.8 C 2908.5 C 1.5 58.228 D 4.5833 C 11.123 AB 48.198 C 3193.2 B 3515.2 B 2.0 77.255 C 5.9167 B 11.412 A 49.655 B 3355.0 B 3491.3 B 3.0 89.207 B 7.2417 A 11.443 A 52.608 A 3486.3 B 4017.3 A 4.0 98.265 A 7.5150 A 11.770 A 52.838 A 4037.8 A 4230.0 A SE 0.6693 0.4446 0.3345 0.6341 190.12 166.69 LSD 1.4061 0.9340 0.7029 1.3322 399.42 350.21 Wheat Genotypes TD-1 67.763 B 6.7333 A 11.823 A 58.581 A 2840.3 B 4329.1 A TJ-83 79.985 A 4.6827 B 10.668 B 40.521 B 3802.5 A 3395.8 B SE 0.4233 0.2812 0.2116 0.4010 120.24 105.43 LSD 0.8893 0.5907 0.4445 0.8426 252.61 221.49 The values with same letter within columns are not significantly different at p=0.05. The maximum length <strong>of</strong> ear head w<strong>as</strong> noted in the plants which were fertilized with 2, 3 and 4 kg B ha -1 . No significant difference w<strong>as</strong> observed within these treatments, however, statistically higher value w<strong>as</strong> recorded in treatment where 4 kg B ha -1 w<strong>as</strong> applied. The minimum length <strong>of</strong> ear head w<strong>as</strong> noted from the plants <strong>of</strong> control plots. Among the varieties, TD-1 had lengthy ear head than TJ-83. Rahmatullah et al. (2011) reported that B application on wheat crop significantly incre<strong>as</strong>ed its number <strong>of</strong> tillers and spikelets, size and weight <strong>of</strong> panicle, leaf and grain B concentration most probably because <strong>of</strong> B role in cell wall synthesis and structure. It is involved in the plant seed formation and have positive correlation between B in the plant and number <strong>of</strong> flowers (Gupta 1993). The results presented in Table 2 showed that <strong>colemanite</strong> <strong>as</strong> source <strong>of</strong> B h<strong>as</strong> significant effect on the weight <strong>of</strong> 1000 grains. The highest seed index were recorded in the treatments where 3 and 4 kg B ha -1 were applied. No significant difference w<strong>as</strong> observed within these treatments. However, the minimum seed index w<strong>as</strong> found in control plot. Similarly TD1 wheat variety had heavier seeds than those in TJ-83. The interaction effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>boron</strong> levels and varieties w<strong>as</strong> also found significant. The results are substantial because B requirement at plant reproductive ph<strong>as</strong>e is <strong>of</strong> m<strong>ore</strong> than other growth stages and eventually the grain w<strong>as</strong> healthy and weightier. These results are in harmony with those reported by Gunnes et al. (2003) they reported that B application significantly incre<strong>as</strong>ed the number and weight <strong>of</strong> grains per spike and further defined that B plays a vital role in grain setting <strong>of</strong> wheat., its supply at this stage helps in grain filling and reduction in sterility so the number and weight <strong>of</strong> grains per spike incre<strong>as</strong>ed. Subedi et al. (2000) observed that the grain <strong>of</strong> wheat became failure owing to the deficiency <strong>of</strong> B. <strong>colemanite</strong> application incre<strong>as</strong>ed the wheat straw yield <strong>of</strong> both genotypes in compare to control. 86 Gandahi et al.
Int. J. Biosci. 2016 The maximum straw yield w<strong>as</strong> recorded from the plots which received 4 kg B ha -1 . The plants from control plots had minimum straw yield. In terms <strong>of</strong> varietal performance, straw yield obtained from TJ- 83 w<strong>as</strong> m<strong>ore</strong> than TD1. Colemanite application significantly affected B concentration in wheat straw and grain (Table 4). Laboratory analysis <strong>of</strong> plant samples showed that the highest B concentration w<strong>as</strong> found in the 4 kg B ha -1 plots compared to the other treatments. This same trend <strong>of</strong> plant B content w<strong>as</strong> observed in both genotypes. Table 3. Boron in soil and plant after harvest. Treatment (kg B ha -1 ) Soil Depth 0-20 cm Soil Depth 20-40 cm B content <strong>of</strong> Straw (mg kg -1 ) B content <strong>of</strong> Grain (mg kg -1 ) Control (0.0) 0.462 E 0.3052 E 5.0 C 3.0 B 1.5 0.5400 D 0.3318 C 5.5 C 3.96 B 2.0 0.8070 C 0.5352 B 6.6 B 4.66 AB 3.0 0.9113 B 0.7352 A 7.8 A 5.66 A 4.0 0.962 A 0.767 A 8.5 A 5.0 A SE 0.0400 0.0219 0.5321 0.4342 LSD 0.0840 0.0460 0.8532 0.8340 Wheat Genotypes TD1 0.8013 A 0.5445 B 7.2 5.5 TJ83 0.7510 A 0.6091 A 6.9 4.7 SE 0.0253 0.0138 0.4932 0.4432 LSD 0.0531 0.0291 0.8124 0.7853 The values with same letter within columns are not significantly different at p=0.05. As the B improved all growth parameters <strong>of</strong> the wheat crop so ultimately the grain yield also significantly incre<strong>as</strong>ed at all B levels in compare to control (Table 2). The mean data showed significant differences among B levels in varieties and their interaction. The maximum per hectare grain yield (4017.3 and 4230.0 kg ha -1 ) w<strong>as</strong> recorded from the plots which were fertilized with 3 and 4 kg B ha -1 , respectively. Incre<strong>as</strong>ing B levels from 1.5 to 4.0 kg ha -1 incre<strong>as</strong>ed grain yield gradually minimum yield <strong>of</strong> grain w<strong>as</strong> recorded in control plots. Although both genotypes gave positive response to B application but when these were compared them than TD-1 had performed better than TJ-83. The results <strong>of</strong> our field experiment have shown that <strong>colemanite</strong> application upto 4.0 kg ha -1 had incre<strong>as</strong>ed 30% grain yield over the control. Rehman (2012) reported that B application w<strong>as</strong> main contributor <strong>of</strong> total grains m<strong>as</strong>s by improving the spike length and number <strong>of</strong> grains, number <strong>of</strong> spikelets, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Tahir et al. (2009) observed the response <strong>of</strong> wheat yield to application <strong>of</strong> B at various growing stages. They observed that grains number per spike, thousand grain weight and grain yield w<strong>as</strong> significantly enhanced where the application <strong>of</strong> B w<strong>as</strong> applied. Wrobel (2009) studied impacts <strong>of</strong> the foliar B application to grown wheat <strong>of</strong> spring on sandy soil. The availability <strong>of</strong> B enhanced the grain m<strong>as</strong>s, straw yield and enhancing the yield. Wheat production incre<strong>as</strong>ed significantly may be due to the re<strong>as</strong>on that the application <strong>of</strong> B enhances the pollen tube germination and grain setting at booting stage and the availability <strong>of</strong> B through <strong>colemanite</strong> at this stage in the anthers for successful fertilization w<strong>as</strong> met so the grain yield boosted. These inferences are in accordance with the Alam et al. (2000) who reported that grain yield <strong>of</strong> wheat incre<strong>as</strong>ed due to the application <strong>of</strong> B at different growth stages. 87 Gandahi et al.
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Effect of colemanite ore as boron fertilizer on growth and yield of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under field condition

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