Effect of colemanite ore as boron fertilizer on growth and yield of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under field condition
Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal crop in the world. The deficiency of boron (B) in soil is widespread global problem and affects crop yields. Mineral colemanite is a cheap and slow release source of B. In this dual factor field experiment we evaluated the effectiveness of colemanite ore as B fertilizer by studying its effect on growth and grain yield of two wheat genotypes. Factor A comprised five B levels (0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kg B ha-1) in the shape of colemanite while factor B included two wheat genotypes TD-1 and TJ-83. The maximum plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of grains per ear head and seed index in both genotypes TJ-83 and TD-1 was observed at 4 kg B ha-1. The highest grain yield (4.2 tons ha-1) of the crop was also at the same B level (4 kg B ha-1). The application of colemanite increased 30% grain yield in compare to control. Although B application increased the yield at all levels but difference between 3 and 4 kg B ha-1 was not significant in both genotypes. The B content in wheat grain also augmented and B in soil after crop harvest was also high (0.9 mg kg-1) in B applied plots in compare to control plots (0.4 mg kg-1). This means subsequent crop will also get positive residual effect of colemanite. The results of the study showed that colemanite can be used as a B source for wheat crop.
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal crop in the world. The deficiency of boron (B) in soil is widespread global problem and affects crop yields. Mineral colemanite is a cheap and slow release source of B. In this dual factor field experiment we evaluated the effectiveness of colemanite ore as B fertilizer by studying its effect on growth and grain yield of two wheat genotypes. Factor A comprised five B levels (0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kg B ha-1) in the shape of colemanite while factor B included two wheat genotypes TD-1 and TJ-83. The maximum plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of grains per ear head and seed index in both genotypes TJ-83 and TD-1 was observed at 4 kg B ha-1. The highest grain yield (4.2 tons ha-1) of the crop was also at the same B level (4 kg B ha-1). The application of colemanite increased 30% grain yield in compare to control. Although B application increased the yield at all levels but difference between 3 and 4 kg B ha-1 was not significant in both genotypes. The B content in wheat grain also augmented and B in soil after crop harvest was also high (0.9 mg kg-1) in B applied plots in compare to control plots (0.4 mg kg-1). This means subsequent crop will also get positive residual effect of colemanite. The results of the study showed that colemanite can be used as a B source for wheat crop.
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Int. J. Biosci. 2016<br />
The data collected from all the agr<strong>on</strong>omic<br />
observati<strong>on</strong>s is showing that <str<strong>on</strong>g>colemanite</str<strong>on</strong>g> w<str<strong>on</strong>g>as</str<strong>on</strong>g> effective<br />
source <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> B when it w<str<strong>on</strong>g>as</str<strong>on</strong>g> applied in higher quantity<br />
<strong>and</strong> this w<str<strong>on</strong>g>as</str<strong>on</strong>g> due to slow rele<str<strong>on</strong>g>as</str<strong>on</strong>g>e <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> B from it. As crop<br />
needs c<strong>on</strong>tinuous supply <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> B through its <strong>growth</strong> cycle<br />
so <strong>under</strong> these c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s <str<strong>on</strong>g>colemanite</str<strong>on</strong>g> is good opti<strong>on</strong>.<br />
Beside this residue B level in soil after harvest w<str<strong>on</strong>g>as</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
high in <str<strong>on</strong>g>colemanite</str<strong>on</strong>g> applied plots <strong>and</strong> this residual B<br />
will be beneficial for subsequent crop cycle. Results <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
our experiment are supported by the findings <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
Saleem et al. (2010 <strong>and</strong> 2013) they comparatively<br />
evaluated the effectiveness <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>colemanite</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>ore</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>and</strong><br />
borax <str<strong>on</strong>g>as</str<strong>on</strong>g> sources <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> B for rice crop <strong>under</strong> <strong>field</strong><br />
c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s in acidic soils <strong>and</strong> pot experiment in<br />
calcareous soil. They reported that powder <str<strong>on</strong>g>colemanite</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
applicati<strong>on</strong> significantly incre<str<strong>on</strong>g>as</str<strong>on</strong>g>ed plant <strong>growth</strong><br />
parameters including B c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong> in grain <strong>and</strong><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>colemanite</str<strong>on</strong>g> with smaller particle size w<str<strong>on</strong>g>as</str<strong>on</strong>g> an effective<br />
B source.<br />
C<strong>on</strong>clusi<strong>on</strong><br />
The results <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the present study revealed that<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>colemanite</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>ore</str<strong>on</strong>g> applicati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>bor<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> incre<str<strong>on</strong>g>as</str<strong>on</strong>g>ed the<br />
plant height, number <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> tillers, length <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> ear head,<br />
seed index, grains <strong>and</strong> straw <strong>yield</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> both <strong>wheat</strong><br />
varieties. However, TD-1 variety h<str<strong>on</strong>g>as</str<strong>on</strong>g> significantly<br />
m<str<strong>on</strong>g>ore</str<strong>on</strong>g> values <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> studied traits than TJ-83. The<br />
applicati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>colemanite</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>ore</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>as</str<strong>on</strong>g> B at 3 kg ha -1<br />
enhanced <strong>and</strong> found quite ec<strong>on</strong>omical. It is c<strong>on</strong>cluded<br />
that the applicati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 3.0 kg Colemanite <str<strong>on</strong>g>ore</str<strong>on</strong>g> B ha -<br />
1<br />
al<strong>on</strong>g with recommended dose <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> NKP (120-60-60 kg<br />
ha -1 ) w<str<strong>on</strong>g>as</str<strong>on</strong>g> found best combinati<strong>on</strong> for higher <strong>growth</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong> grain <strong>yield</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>wheat</strong> variety TD-1. Further<br />
research <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>colemanite</str<strong>on</strong>g> is suggested to its residual<br />
effect <strong>on</strong> subsequent crop.<br />
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