Urban Design Lab Handbook – Dialogue-oriented urban transformation processes and practical approaches from Latin America and the Caribbean

Urban Design Lab
Handbook

Panama City, Panama

Quetzaltenango, Guatemala

Nassau
Xalapa
Campeche
Montego Bay
Santiago de los Caballeros
Santo Domingo
Quetzaltenango
Managua
San Jose
Panama City
Monteria
Paramaribo
Pasto
Quito
Jujuy
La Serena / Coquimbo
Goya
Mendoza
Valdivia
Bahia Blanca
Puerto Montt / Puerto Varas

Urban Design Lab
Handbook
Dialogue-oriented urban transformation
processes and practical approaches from
Latin America and the Caribbean
Roland Krebs, Markus Tomaselli (eds.)

Contents
Introduction
Preface Andres Blanco, Tatiana Gallego Lizon
Introducing the Urban Design Lab Roland Krebs, Markus Tomaselli
The Need for an Urban Laboratory Roland Krebs, Daniela Sanjinés
Emerging Topics in Latin American and Caribbean Cities Dominique Mashini, Emma Grün
Photoessay 1 Ramón Zamora
29
30
38
42
49
A
Evolution
Community, Participation and Urban Transformation Alvaro Ramoneda, Patricio Jerez
Habitat and Social Inclusion in Urban Planning: Participation and Investigation in the
Urban Design Lab Methodology Alicia Gersovich, Olga Wainstein
The Urban Design Lab in Latin American Cities: A View from Academia Andreas Hofer
Diagrams of Participatory Urbanism Luis Fernando Castillo
Tailor-Made Urbanism: Urban Design Lab in Panama City
Guest Contributors
Ultra-Light Metropolis: The Ephemeral Megacity of the Kumbh Mela Rahul Mehrotra, Felipe Vera
Culture as an Incubator for Urban Transformation Alfredo Brillembourg, Hubert Klumpner,
Alexis Kalagas, Diego Ceresuela
The City at Eye Level: Focusing on the Plinth Hans Karssenberg, Jeroen Laven,
Mattijs van’t Hoff, Meredith Glaser
Towards a Human-Scale City in Latin America Mayra Madriz
Photoessay 2 Ramón Zamora
68
72
74
78
80
82
86
89
93
97
B Methodology
A Practical Approach to Urban Planning
Research
Stakeholder Dialogue
Project Design
Simple Toolbox for Participative Planning and Design Workshops
Guest Contributors
Medellín—A “City for Life” Jorge Pérez-Jaramillo
Cultivating “Urban Complexity” in Latin America José Luis Vallejo, Belinda Tato
The Design of Public Policy Fernando de Mello Franco
In Situ Planning: Moderating Urban Development Processes Locally Siri Frech
116
120
124
128
132
138
142
146
149

C
Solutions
Integral Urban Strategies for the Regeneration of Central Areas
Central Nassau Urban Regeneration Plan, Nassau, The Bahamas
Integrated Housing and Mixed-Use Strategy for the Historic Center of Paramaribo, Suriname
Vivimos Juntos: Integration and Densification of the Historic Center of Managua, Nicaragua
Urban Strategies for a Livable Downtown Montego Bay, Jamaica
Volver al Centro: Integrated Urban Revitalization of the Historic City Center
of Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
Barrio Mercado: Rehabilitation Strategy of the Central Market of Monteria, Colombia
Connected City: Pasto River Fluvial Park, Pasto, Colombia
157
158
166
174
178
184
188
194
Neighborhood Revitalization and Sub-Centralities
Urban Regeneration Plan of the Calidonia District, Panama City, Panama
Photoessay 3
Urban Renovation Plan of Barrio Infanta, Las Heras, Mendoza, Argentina
Alto Comedero Urban Renovation: A Strategy for Social and Spatial Integration, Jujuy, Argentina
Urban Regeneration Plan of the Eje Pacífico—González Víquez, San José, Costa Rica
Conceptual Design for the Improvement of Barrio Collico, Valdivia, Chile
A New Sub-Center for the East of San Francisco de Campeche, México
La Mariscal: Activation of Borja Yerovi Plaza, Quito, Ecuador
199
200
209
226
232
238
246
254
258
Transformation Strategies for Abandoned Railway Infrastructure
Improvement of Intercultural Center at Former Railway Station, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
Goya Central Park: Reinterpretation of the Former Railway Station, Goya, Argentina
Nodo Spurr: Integration of Former Railway Station into System of Centralities,
Bahia Blanca, Argentina
Connecting Xalapa: Integrated Revitalization of Railway Corridor, Xalapa, Mexico
265
266
272
276
282
Integral Strategies for Metropolitan Areas
Five-minute city—Ciudad Juan Bosch Metropolitan Extension Plan, Santo Domingo Este,
Dominican Republic
Metropolitan Public Space Integration Plan, Puerto Montt and Puerto Varas, Chile
Metropolitan Landscape and Green Habitat: Rio Elqui and Parque El Culebrón,
La Serena and Coquimbo, Chile
Guest Contributors
Community Capital in Action: New Financial Models for Resilient Cities Daniela Patti, Levente Polyak
Digital Strategies for Low-Income Neighborhoods Katja Schechtner
Photoessay 4 Ramón Zamora
The Immanent Potential of Vacant Spaces Oliver Hasemann, Daniel Schnier, Anne Angenendt
Airport Landscape Initiative Charles Waldheim
287
288
296
304
312
316
321
338
341
D
Outlook
Interview with Jorge Perez Jaramillo
About the Contributors
Urban Design Lab—Project Teams
Colophon
346
350
355
363

Introduction
Preface
Andres Blanco, Tatiana Gallego Lizon
Very often we are told that the main problem that cities in Latin America and the Caribbean
(LAC) are confronted with is lack of planning. The usual narrative goes like this: in the LAC
region, the remarkable pace of urbanization (urban population rising from 25% of the total in
1925 to 75% in 2000) has been coupled with an absence of land-use plans; at the same time,
the persistence of informal labor practices has resulted in chaotic urban growth characterized
by, among other things, a housing deficit that affects 41 million urban households (32% of the
total); four out of five of these households do not have access to any proper infrastructure,
or are exposed to inadequate construction materials, overcrowding or insecurity of tenure.
Yet there has been no shortage of plans in the region. Some LAC cities are even close
to a century of planning efforts. Coincidentally, it was an Austrian planner, Karl Brunner
(1887–1960), who introduced planning in Chile, Colombia and Panama. Not only did he direct
the creation of some of the first land-use plans, which he preferred to call planes reguladores,
but he also played a crucial role in the establishment of urban planning academic programs.
Every planning professional doing background research in the LAC region has been
much surprised to encounter an impressive stack of old plans or attempts at planning. Indeed,
the problem has not been a lack of plans but very weak implementation, which has handed
over the role of defining the way in which the built environment is produced to formal developers,
pirate subdividers or squatters.
Partly, the reason why “lot by lot urbanism” characterizes most LAC cities is the
missing piece between land-use plans at city level and real-estate projects at building level.
There are some exceptions to this, namely the few areas, usually of formal expansion, that
have been regulated by partial or master plans. These areas are easy to pinpoint because
they often look out of place compared with the rest of the city—featuring adequate services,
good public spaces and suitable connections with the urban fabric.
The Urban Design Lab (UDL) bets on this middle level of planning, one that is also
people-centered and highly participatory. Thanks to the UDL methodology, communities,
academia and practitioners can imagine urban space on a broader scale than the individual
parcel. An important feature has been the combination of Austrian experts with local
academics as a way to balance technical expertise with place knowledge and to build up
local capacities.
As with any good method, the UDL has grown by adapting to new contexts and reflecting
on lessons learned—the chapters of this book attest to that. The unsettled issue that is still
in doubt is actual implementation. The case of Santo Domingo Este shows the latest iteration
of the methodology, combining the experimental approach of the newly created Cities LAB
at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) with the UDL’s participatory process. We hope
that the introduction of tactical urbanism approaches—as promoted by the Cities LAB—will
not only help with design but also increase the likelihood of implementation. This will allow the
UDL to continue benefiting both cities and citizens in the LAC region and to make a lasting
impact.
29

Introducing the Urban Design Lab
Roland Krebs, Markus Tomaselli
Introduction
The Urban Design Lab (UDL) has acted in more than twenty emerging cities in Latin America
and the Caribbean as a moderator of dialogue-oriented urban planning, exploring urban imaginaries
and collecting creative ideas in order to translate them into design solutions. Each
of these processes was unique and unpredictable—enriched by the participation of a diverse
group of actors coming together as co-designers within highly complex urban contexts.
After working on-site in these cities over the past four years, we are now eager to share
our experience and the knowledge that we collectively built up—within a framework allowing
for inclusive and innovative urban processes. We would like to encourage the readers of this
handbook to make use of our toolbox, tailor it to their needs and start similar processes in
their own cities. Thanks to their high degree of flexibility, our tools may be combined in various
ways and adjusted to local conditions—thus generating tailor-made planning processes.
This publication delves into the UDL methodology—and related projects—in depth. It
also paints a broader picture of emerging urban challenges, the ongoing theoretical discourse,
and creative solutions to complex problems. To do justice to the variety of possible approaches,
we invited colleagues met along the way to contribute articles.
Rapid global urbanization and ongoing informal processes are continuously challenging
both inhabitants and the authorities in charge of large cities. It would be far-fetched to
believe that top-down planning can lead to a sustainable, livable urban environment in the
30

Introduction
21st century. Hence we focus on integration and collaboration between communities and
neighborhoods, as well as with entrepreneurs and planning institutions. We are deeply
convinced that any urban project needs the support and acceptance of the affected population
if it is to improve their quality of life.
As a corollary, we will highlight the potential of co-designing to ensure a more sustainable
urban transformation.
Last but not least, cities have a strong emotional dimension and the Urban Design Lab
Handbook reflects this. Beyond evident similarities in the challenges faced by the region’s
urban centers, every city we worked in possessed unique features; a particular cultural and
social fabric was embedded in every urban landscape. The unique spirit of each of these built
environments is depicted in the photo essays scattered throughout the Handbook.
The UDL takes a proactive approach to investigating and testing urban planning and
design tools. This is achieved by deploying design-based solutions in emerging cities and
developing real cases with real people. The most important lesson that the UDL has taught
us is the need for adaptable, flexible, non-static planning tools that can catalyze transformative
urban processes. It is for this reason that we are presenting our findings in a handbook.
This is not a book of recipes for success but rather an invitation to adapt, transform, and enrich
our insights through constant dialogue between urban practitioners, academics, public
administrators, local stakeholders, and communities across the world.
Public spaces have always been at the heart of urban life. We are convinced that,
regardless of how design and architecture principles may change over time, improved urban
environments will be experienced by both visitors and residents through their public spaces.
People have a need for proximity to facilities and services that are found in urban centers,
but also crave interaction among themselves. Over the past few years, many projects have
showed us that the quality of public space ranks as one of the main issues for residents.
Indeed, improvements in the built environment are not enough. We are convinced that a
better spatial configuration, higher environmental quality and greater usability of space are
among the key factors for successful urban development.
We argue that urban planning, urban design, and architecture have to start from a
people-centered perspective and fit in with the specific local context. Before the first drop
of paint even touches the canvas—before the first line of any architectural sketch is drawn—
any urban strategy should be developed through continuous interaction and dialogue with
a vast swathe of neighbors and community members. Drawing on thorough on-site research
and a plethora of project experience gained during the past four years, we have refined a
methodology and compiled a catalog that, hopefully, will provide some inspiration for your
urban projects and research.
The Urban Design Lab Handbook is not meant to be read from cover to cover—it is a
collection of useful tools and case studies. The first chapter of the book, “Evolution”, provides
an overview of ongoing urban challenges in the LAC (Latin America and the Caribbean)
region and of the development of the UDL. The second chapter, “Methodology”, is the user
manual of the UDL planning methodology. In the third chapter, “Solutions”, we describe the
outcomes of UDL projects in more than twenty LAC cities. Finally, the last chapter, “Outlook”,
presents a vision for contemporary planning and deals with the new role played by architects
and urban planners. In between these chapters, you will read about projects and approaches
by friends of the UDL who inspired our work; these were used as starting points for the development
of our own methodology.
This book was made possible by an initiative of the Austrian Ministry of Finance (BMF),
which established a collaboration between the Institute of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture
at the Vienna University of Technology and the Inter-American Development Bank
(IDB). BMF funding enabled activities in more than a dozen countries in Latin America and the
Caribbean. We would also like to thank all our other partners and donors, who made it possible
to offer numerous design studios, study trips and seminars, thus enriching the curriculum
of TU Wien students, and to draw several urban development experts into higher education
over the past years. Special thanks also go to Prof. Dr. Andreas Hofer (TU Wien), who was
decisively involved in the development of UDL tools from the very beginning. This research-led
teaching enabled us to develop this Handbook, along with contributions by many local and
international experts, the work of our consultants, and the financial support of the Austrian
government.
31

Introduction
EUROPE +
Summer Workshop
St. Ägyd am Neuwalde,
Austria
(18 to 20 August 2014)
Fast Forward City Symposium
Lessons from Latin America’s
Urban Growth,
Vienna, Austria (23 April 2015)
Ars Electronica
Festival “Post City”,
Linz, Austria
(September 2015)
CENTRAL AMERICA / CARRIBEAN
MANAGUA, NICARAGUA
Urban Managua/Appear/ÖAD
Research Project
(October 2012 to September 2014)
MONTEGO BAY, JAMAICA
Action Plan Design
(August 2013 to October 2013)
MANAGUA, NICARAGUA
Action Plan Design
(February 2014 to May 2014)
QUETZALTENANGO, GUATEMALA
Action Plan Design,
first Urban Design Lab
December 2012 to February 2014)
PANAMA CITY, PANAMA
Urban Design Lab
(December 2014 to August 2015)
Model Building Workshop and
Public Hearing in Panama City
(23 to 26 June 2015)
2013 2014 2015
SOUTH AMERICA
MONTERIA, COLOMBIA
Mercado Central Project
(May to October 2014)
VALDIVIA, CHILE
Urban Design Lab
(February to March 2015)
XALAPA, MEXICO
CAMPECHE, MEXICO
QUETZALTENANGO, GUATEMALA
MANAGUA, NICARAGUA
PASTO, COLOMBIA
SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS, DOMINICAN REP:
Urban Design Lab
(November 2014 to February 2015)
32

UN-HABITAT Expert Group Meeting
“Urban Labs: A tool for integrated and
participative urban planning”,
Barcelona, Spain
(2 to 3 February 2016)
Urban Future Conference,
Graz, Austria
(2 to 3 March 2016)
Casablanca Smart City
Conference and Expo,
Casablanca, Morocco
(18 to 19 May 2016)
NASSAU, THE BAHAMAS
Urban Design Lab
(October 2015 to August 2016)
Introduction
Lecture and Design Review:
Bogotá Urban Laboratory —
New Typologies to Reclaim
Public Space, ETH Zurich,
Urban Think-Tank,
Chaired by Brillembourg and Klumpner
(11 October 2017)
Mayors Symposium —
Strengthening Local
Government Capacity
in South-East Europe,
Vienna (Austria),
World Bank Group
(26 to 27 February 2018)
SANTO DOMINGO,
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
Urban Design Lab
(May to
September 2018)
2016 2017 2018
XIV Bienal Internacional
de Arquitectura
“Derecho a la Ciudad”,
SAN JOSÉ, COSTA RICA
(23 to 25 May, 2018)
GOYA, ARGENTINA
Urban Design Lab
(March to July 2016)
LAS HERS/MENDOZA, ARGENTINA
Urban Design Lab
(February to June 2017)
BAHIA BLANCA, ARGENTINA
Urban Design Lab
(March to July 2016)
SAN SALVADOR DE JUJUY, ARGENTINA
Urban Design Lab
(February to June 2017)
PUERTO MONTT /
PUERTO VARAS, CHILE
MetroLab
(December 2015 to April 2016)
QUITO, ECUADOR
Habitat III Village and El Cubo:
Cine Urbano Festival +
Urban Design Lab Workshop
PARAMARIBO, SURINAME
Urban Design Lab
(June to October 2017)
Festival Internacional de Innovación Social (FIIS),
Santiago de Chile (5 to 8 December 2017)
COQUIMBO /
LA SERENA, CHILE
MetroLab
(December 2015 to April 2016)
SAN JOSÉ, COSTA RICA
Urban Design Lab
(November 2016 to October 2017)
El Cubo: San Jose Urban Lab Cine Urbano Festival
(23 to 25 March 2017)
33
XX Bienal de Arquitectura y Urbanismo
“Diálogos Impostergables”,
VALPARAISO, CHILE
(26 October to 10 November 2017)

Introduction
Pasto, Colombia
Pasto, officially called San Juan de
Pasto, is a city located in southwestern
Columbia and has an estimated population
of 500,000 (2018). Columbia is
divided into thirty-two regions and a
capital district; Pasto is the capital city
of the Nariño region. The city lies at an
altitude of 2,897 meters above sea level.
The economy of Pasto is mainly based
on trade and service industries, but
tourism also plays a significant role.
Goya, Argentina
Goya is a city in northeastern Argentina
and has a population of 77,349 (2010).
It is located on the eastern shore of the
Parana River. Goya offers some touristic
activities, such as visiting tobacco and
rice mills or sport fishing, and tourism has
become its most important economic
sector. The city also has a small inland
port.
Quito, Ecuador
Quito is the capital city of Ecuador and has
a population of 2,671,191 (2011). It lies at an
altitude of 2,850 meters above sea level,
which makes it the second-highest capital
city in the world. The economy of Quito is
mainly based on textiles, metals and agriculture.
Quito is at the heart of the most
important economic region in the country.
Mendoza, Argentina
Mendoza is a city in the west of Argentina
and has a population of 115,041
(2010), with over one million in the surrounding
metropolitan area. It is the
capital city of the province of Mendoza.
Its economy is mainly based on the
export of wine—several vineyards are
located in the region. Furthermore, the
city also exports petroleum, oil, gas
and petrochemical products, along with
olives, fruit and vegetables.
Valdivia, Chile
La Serena, Chile
La Serena is the capital city of the
Coquimbo region in the north of Chile
and has a population of 198,163 (2012),
with over 400,000 in the surrounding
metropolitan region. The economy of La
Serena is mainly based on tourism. In the
summer months, the population doubles
as a result of the many people coming
to visit the city’s attractions—mainly the
beaches. La Serena shares a common
metropolitan area with Coquimbo.
Coquimbo, Chile
Coquimbo is a city with more than 200,117
(2012) inhabitants; it is located on the
Pan-American Highway. The gold and copper
industries led to the city’s importance
in the middle of the eighteenth century.
Today, the city is an industrial and shipping
center undergoing rapid economic and
population growth. Coquimbo shares its
metropolitan area with La Serena.
Valdivia is a city in southern Chile with
a population of 154,432 (2012). The
economy of Valdivia is mainly based on
forestry-related activities, as well as the
metallurgical industry, naval construction,
agriculture, cattle breeding, aquaculture
and food processing. Tourism
also plays an important role, and there
are several universities and schools,
both public and private.
Puerto Montt, Chile
Puerto Montt is the capital city of the
Los Lagos region in southern Chile
and has a population of 218,858 (2012).
The Calbuco volcano—one of the most
active volcanos in Chile—is located
thirty kilometers to the east of the city;
it last erupted in 2015. The economy
of Puerto Montt is mainly based on
forestry-related activities, as well as
agriculture, cattle breeding and tourism.
Puerto Montt shares a common metropolitan
area with Puerto Varas.

Introduction
Monteria, Colombia
Monteria is a city located in the north of
Colombia and has a population of
454,032 (2015). Colombia is administratively
divided into thirty-two districts and
Monteria is the capital of the district of
Córdoba. The city is located along the
Sinú River, which connects its inland seaport
to the Caribbean Sea. The economy
of Monteria is mainly based on cattle
farming and a relatively strong, booming
commercial district.
Paramaribo, Suriname
Paramaribo is the capital and largest city
of Suriname. Located in the north of the
country, it has a population of 240,924
(2012). It is situated on the 480 km long
Suriname River, which flows across the
country. The economy of Paramaribo is
mainly based on the business and financial
sectors, but tourism is increasingly growing
in importance. The historic inner city
of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World
Heritage Site since 2002.
Jujuy, Argentina
Jujuy, officially called San Salvador de
Jujuy, is a city in northern Argentina
and has a population of 257,970 (2010).
Argentina is divided into 23 provinces
and one autonomous city: Buenos Aires.
Jujuy is the capital of Jujuy Province. It is
located near the Andes at the junction of
the Xibi River and the Río Grande de
Jujuy at 1,238 meters above
sea level.
Goya, Argentina
Goya is a city in northeastern Argentina
and has a population of 77,349 (2010). It is
located on the eastern shore of the Parana
River. Goya offers some touristic activities,
such as visiting tobacco and rice mills or
sport fishing, and tourism has become its
most important economic sector. The city
also has a small inland port.
Puerto Varas, Chile
Puerto Varas is a city in southern Chile
with a population of 41,255 (2012). The
city is located on the southern shore
of the Llanquihue Lake, which is the
second-largest lake in Chile. Various
activities related to the Llanquihue Lake
attract tourists thus the economy of
Puerto Varas is mainly based on tourism.
Puerto Varas shares its metropolitan
area with Puerto Montt.
Bahia Blanca,
Argentina
Bahia Blanca is a city in southeastern
Argentina and has a population of
301,572 (2010). Argentina is divided into
23 provinces and one autonomous city:
Buenos Aires. Bahia Blanca is located
in the province of Buenos Aires. Its
seaports are among the most important
in Argentina, with an average natural
depth of 15 meters. As a result, the
economy of Bahia Blanca is mainly
based on industries related to the ports.

Introduction
58

Photoessay 1
59

A
Evolution
The Urban Design Lab in Latin American Cities:
A View from Academia
Andreas Hofer
Joining contemporary global discussions on key topics
such as “how to organize the living environment in
urban agglomerations” is a central element within the
study of architecture at the Vienna University of Technology.
Since we would like our students to actively
join this global discourse on urban issues, we also aim
to equip them—besides the formal, conceptual and
functional part of their education—with social skills to
interact and engage with “the people out there”. This
is why the educational mandate of our large school of
architecture (we host more than 6,000 students in
a small country like Austria, with a population of eight
million inhabitants) is based on growing international
networks, partnerships, and cooperation programs with
research and teaching institutions across the globe.
At the same time, the city of Vienna, with its
long urban history based on inclusive social development,
constitutes an informative laboratory “outside
the classroom” that skillfully interconnects urban
design, architecture and social demands in all its urban
development processes. This interface between global
and local approaches to research and teaching inspired
the creation of the Urban Design Lab within our academic
environment.
The second central element behind the creation
of the Urban Design Lab was influenced by early twentieth
century pioneer work by European architects in
Latin America. The Austrian architect and urban
designer, Karl Brunner, and his contemporaries Alfred
Agache, Werner Hegemann or Le Corbusier are synonymous
with the intercontinental exchange of knowledge
about urban design between Latin America and
Europe at that time. Brunner introduced practical
urban design solutions for rising metropolises such as
Bogotá, Santiago de Chile and Panamá in the 1930s
and 1940s (Hofer, 2003), gaining worldwide reputation
with his Manual de Urbanismo (Brunner, 1940). Since
then, research on his accomplishments has led to
several academic partnerships and cooperation projects
between the TU Wien on the one hand, and
individuals and institutions in several regions of Latin
America on the other hand. A constantly growing
network of research and teaching—combining theory
and practice—has been emerging from this during
thelast two decades.
The academic roots of the Urban Design Lab
The Urban Design Lab is a methodology aiming to
trigger the urban transformation of a neighborhood or
district. Based on a participatory approach involving
the local community, the Urban Design Lab entails
various methodological steps towards a general urban
development strategy and specific design projects.
As a staff member of the Department of Urban Design
74

A
Evolution
and Landscape Architecture of the TU Wien I joined
the Inter-American Development Bank’s (IDB) Emerging
and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) program
from 2014 to 2016. Given the growing interest of our
students and the transdisciplinary requirements that
surfaced along the work process, we invited two more
departments of the TU Wien (i.e. the Department of
Housing with Helmut Schramm and the Department
of Land Use and Land Management with Arthur
Kanonier) to join the ESCI program.
We decided to join the program mainly for two
reasons: firstly, we already had an established academic
network in Latin America to rely on and, secondly we
could build on two recent experiences of academic
cooperation projects with Latin American universities.
The first project, “Urban Managua” (2012 – 2014), was
developed in partnership with the Universidad Centroamericana
(UCA) in Nicaragua to upgrade an informal
settlement in the center of Managua. Within the framework
of the second project, “Urban Voids. Practice
of Social Inclusion: Vienna-Buenos Aires” (Gerscovich,
2015) we researched the practical implications of
brownfield developments in both cities in partnership
with the Universidad de Buenos Aires. The strong community-based
design processes in both these projects
left a profound impact not only in terms of the project
results but also owing to direct interaction with the
local community—this made a lasting impression on
many of the participating students.
Following the guidelines of the ESCI program to
develop an innovative urban transformation process
we created the term Urban Design Lab during a kickoff
workshop in the Austrian village of St. Aegyd in
August 2014. There, we also developed the conceptual
framework and defined the specific methodological
steps and corresponding tools needed to implement
such a laboratory approach. Our choice of tools was
strongly influenced by our first work experience within
the program in July 2014, when we developed an
urban transformation strategy for the market district
in Montería (Colombia). There, under the lead of
Colombian urban designer Fernando Cortés, we tried
out and modified several methods and tools used in
urban sociology to accompany the process.
The term “laboratory” already indicates the
experimental, flexible nature of such an approach: goals
are defined and the focus is directed towards results—
but the process of how to get there needs to be
flexible enough to respond to local needs, interests,
and demands along the way. This academic approach
innately reflects the contemporary global trends of
urban design, which are increasingly taking into account
social inclusion, human scale, and energy- saving guidelines.
The Urban Design Lab therefore stands for an
open-minded working environment as opposed to a
closed space inside academia where experiments are
conducted without any reference to reality.
75

A
Evolution
Culture as an Incubator for Urban Transformation
Alfredo Brillembourg, Hubert Klumpner, Alexis Kalagas, Diego Ceresuela
In November 2016, the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed
Forces of Colombia (FARC) announced a peace agreement that brought an
official end to the country’s fifty-year armed conflict. Decades of war, kidnapping,
and sexual violence had resulted in the forced internal displacement
of more than 7.5 million people, equivalent to 15 percent of the entire
population. Although the Colombian Congress subsequently ratified the
deal, a previous version of the agreement had been rejected by more than
50 percent of voters in a national referendum held only six weeks earlier. In
short, the nation remains divided on the way forward. But even as it is faced
with the serious challenge of reintegrating former combatants and finding
a lasting solution for los desplazados, Colombians can begin to look ahead
to a new era of peace and inclusive development.
86

A
Guest Contributors
These are not just social and economic challenges—they are also
urban challenges. Much of the displacement in Colombia has been from
rural to urban areas, transforming what was a predominantly agrarian so -
ciety into one of the most urbanized countries in Latin America. Informal
settlements expanded swiftly during this period, the legacy of successive
waves of desplazados seeking shelter and security on the edge of major cities
and of deep-rooted inequalities. But after years of decay, Barranquilla, an
important port and industrial hub on the Caribbean coast, is experiencing a
revival, following an overhaul of local finances and public policy, and an
infusion of international development assistance. In the midst of a period of
unprecedented growth, the city’s task is to develop integrated, sustainable
forms of infrastructure that will benefit all while acting as catalysts for
broader regeneration processes.
Urban-Think Tank has been active in Barranquilla since 2013, a fiveyear
period of engagement that will soon culminate in the realization of the
“Fábrica de Cultura: BAQ” project. Developed within the framework of the
Inter-American Development Bank’s (IDB) “Emerging and Sustainable Cities
Initiative” and supported by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic
Affairs (SECO), this project will provide a new home for the Escuela Distrital
de Arte y Tradiciones Populares (EDA). The current EDA program widens
access to cultural education throughout the city and the new facility has the
potential to become a catalyst for change in an impoverished neighborhood,
Barrio Abajo. The design, which utilizes local materials and pre-fabrication
processes, has adopted open building principles to establish a framework
that can be modified and reprogrammed by users over time. It has prioritized
open, versatile spaces that not only respond to a fluid mode of development,
but also constitute a flexible, sustainable building prototype that
can be replicated throughout the region.
Culture and the arts represent far more than an aesthetic encounter.
Home to a World Heritage-listed carnival, Barranquilla already enjoys a
rich cultural heritage. But enhanced networks and systems of cultural production
have the potential to play both a social and economic role. Looking
to the future, cultural education and activity can contribute to community-based
processes of integration and reconciliation. Similarly, a chance
exists to leverage the city’s creative and cultural assets in order to boost a
range of opportunities within the “orange economy”. According to the IDB,
this undervalued sector has the ability to create new jobs with relatively low
levels of investment, as well as bridge deep social divides. Offering a dedicated
facility for the teaching of marketable skills, Fábrica de Cultura: BAQ
will ultimately cater to 1,000 students annually through the EDA program.
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Methodology
Research
During the initial, preparatory phase, the lab is set up and organized
in partnership with the local municipality. The planning team arrives
in the city, forms a temporary team with local planners from the
municipality and familiarize themselves with the context. Throughout
this phase, it is essential for planning topics, perimeter, and scope of
the work to be clearly identified jointly with the municipality. Existing
material is gathered and various municipal departments share their
insights. Ideally, the planning team is seen as a part of the planning
department of the municipality, which enables access to information
and secures the full participation of local planners in the project.
Once a preliminary stakeholder map, including local actors and
professionals, has been sketched, interviews are carried out in order
to gain a better understanding of the local context from different
perspectives and to begin identifying challenges and potentialities.
Interviewees are the initial members of the Local Support Group, a
group that will sit permanently throughout the duration of the planning
process. Quick analysis of the interviews yields a preliminary
bunch of emerging topics, which will guide us through the planning
process. During this phase, research and analysis of good practices
will provide insights into how other cities tackled similar challenges.
At the end of the first phase, we have identified the relevant
stakeholders, are familiar with the local context and are prepared
to carry out the workshops with the communities, academic sector,
and other professionals.
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Methodology
Activity 1: Identification of the planning area
• To-do list: Set up a process design; set up an agenda
for the urban lab; define workshop format; identify
planning area
• Duration: One week
• Stakeholders: Planning team, Local Support Group
• Output: Agenda and framework for the stakeholder
consultation and planning process, specified
planning area, possible venue for workshops
The planning team arrives in the partner city and
defines the setting for the lab together with the staff
of the local municipality. The municipality prepares a
temporary office and the team gets installed on site.
This will be the local think tank for the next four
months. The planning methodology and the planning
topic, as well as the agenda and format for the workshops,
are jointly discussed, defining the framework
for the creative planning process to come. Together
with the municipality, the exact planning perimeter is
defined. The selection of the planning area is crucial in
the initial process of the lab and can range from small
areas of 3 hectares to large areas of up to 100 hectares.
The scale of the results depends very much on
the size of the planning area. The main criteria to
define the planning area is the potential social impact,
the feasibility of the project and implementation of the
strategies and the consistency between the socioenvironmental
interventions in relation to the visions
projected by the municipality. In this sense, it is paramount
that the expectations of the municipality be
articulated. What is the expected result of the lab?
What kind of impact would an intervention have on
potential planning areas? Is it feasible to implement a
strategy in the area considering land use regulations
and urban norms? Prepare a work plan for the next four
months and seek approval by the municipality.
1
Activity 2: Stakeholder mapping and the local support
group
• To-do list: List and regularly update important
stakeholders, collect contact information
• Duration: Throughout the whole planning process
• Stakeholders: Planning team, Local Support Group
• Output: List of relevant stakeholders (stakeholder
diagram with contact information)
Together with local planning professionals, a list of
important stakeholders and the first members of the
Local Support Group is drafted. The Local Support
Group, which will accompany the planning process
through its entire duration, involves local authorities, a
community made up of people who reside, work or use
services in the area, NGOs, public agencies, the private
sector, civil society, and anyone else who has a stake
in the development of the project. This group of actors
should be diverse and multidisciplinary, with representatives
from the public, private, and academic sectors
as well as from civil society. The stakeholders
should be organized in thematic groups, such as education
(academic sector, schools, etc.), public sector
(government, municipality, etc.), private sector, religion,
chamber of architects, NGOs, etc.
In order to organize the workshops, it is important
to work closely with the Local Support Group
to inform networks and, most importantly, reach out
to the communities. During the planning process, it
becomes crucial to contact relevant local experts who
can contribute their knowledge to the project. The
most important experts are the stakeholders. It is
essential to map the stakeholders, to keep a database
of contact details handy to easily facilitate information
to the Local Support Group, to inform them about
the project, the planning process and progress, and
to disseminate the results.
2
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Methodology
1 RESEARCH
2
STAKEHOLDER DIALOGUE
Identification of planning area
Stakeholder mapping
and local support group
Collection of baseline information
Collective exploration of
planning area
Stakeholder interviews and analysis
Case studies research
Workshop preparation
Institutional workshop
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Methodology
3
PROJECT DESIGN
Local community workshop
Creative academic workshop
Development of logical framework
Development of integral
urban strategy
Collective feedback workshop
Communication and public
intervention—el cubo
Design of sub-projects
Construction of
large-scale model
Development of urban
governance strategy
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Solutions
Integrated Housing and Mixed-Use Strategy for the
Historic Center of Paramaribo, Suriname
Paramaribo’s historic center was designated a UNESCO World Heritage
Site (WHS) in 2002 thanks to its wealth of colonial-style wooden buildings
erected during the city’s foundation by the Dutch back in the seventeenth
century. While the concentration of monuments holds a great potential for
the sustainable development of Paramaribo’s historic center, the inner city
is in a state of urban decay and neglect. Many buildings are in a poor physical
condition. Residential and commercial functions strongly declined over the
past decades as people gradually moved to the suburbs. Due to the lack of
functional diversity and permanent residents, the historic center turns into
a deserted area after office hours. Residents from other neighborhoods
do not like to visit the historic center for shopping or recreational purposes.
This creates a perception of abandonment and insecurity.

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Solutions
EMERGING TOPICS
Activate heritage monument
Many buildings, including protected heritage monuments,
are in a very poor physical condition. The renovation
and maintenance of historic wooden buildings is
very costly and house-owners cannot afford necessary
investments. Unclear ownership structures as well as
a lack of subsidies and regulations contribute to the
situation. Moreover, fire hazard poses a great threat to
wooden structures.
Arts and culture as a catalyst
Paramaribo has a rich cultural heritage and diversity.
Culinary events, sports and crafts are very important
for the Surinamese population. While some neighborhoods
around the historic center are strongly influenced
by the cultural background of their residents
(shops, restaurants and street markets), Paramaribo’s
inner city lacks activities that stand for the country’s
rich culture.
Stop monofunctionality
The historic center lacks diversity as regards functions
and activities—most buildings accommodate (government)
offices that close in the early afternoon. Many
buildings are disused. There is a very limited number of
residents in the core zone of the historic center, which
is why the inner city turns into a dead place in the
afternoons and at night.
Life at eye level
While there are lively commercial neighborhoods
around the historic center and in the suburbs, the inner
city itself lacks businesses, shops, restaurants and
creative spaces. The ground floor areas are in a state
of decline. Shopkeepers find it unattractive to open a
business due to high rental costs and a lack of customers.
This contributes to the abandoned character of
the historic city.
Introduce affordable housing
The historic center counts only a limited number
of residents. Land and rental prices are too high
for regular households. People also prefer to live in
stand-alone buildings with a garden and parking
space. However, the revitalization of the inner city
and the creation of new housing typologies could
attract certain groups—including tourists, expats,
elderly people, or young couples and families—to
move to the historic center.
Lack of public space
Apart from a few public spaces, there is a clear lack
of attractive recreational areas in the historic center.
Open spaces within the inner city lack shade, street
furniture or facilities for children and youngsters. The
absence of trees providing shade make walking and
strolling through the city center inconvenient, which
is why even short distances are travelled by car.
Ineffective mobility
During office hours, the historic city faces great traffic
problems. The public transportation system is ineffective,
and most people rely on their cars. This creates
traffic jams, noise and pollution—especially along the
main transport corridors, and contributes to the tight
parking situation in the inner city. Cars often block
sidewalks, which makes walking inconvenient.
Security as a concern
Public safety is a great concern. Some areas are recognized
as “no-go” zones at night time. This is partly
related to the high numbers of homeless people, some
of whom appear to suffer from drug addiction or mental
illness, sleeping on porches or inside vacant buildings.
Paramaribo’s red light district is a disreputable place
located in the historic center, and people particularly
avoid this area at night.
GOALS
The vision of the project for the historic center of Paramaribo
is to create a lively place with sustainable housing
projects and interconnected public spaces that
facilitate human scale mobility, and to enhance the
historic center by activating commercial, cultural and
social values that create a vibrant economy. Therefore,
population size shall be increased in an attractive
urban environment suitable for different target groups
by creating more proximity between housing, parks
and working places. A system of green, safe public
spaces shall be created to provide shade and light in a
walkable streetscape, as well as recreational areas for
residents, customers, and visitors. Through mixed-use
developments, especially in ground-floor zones, job
opportunities in the creative and technology sector
(start-ups, entrepreneurs, etc.), restaurants, cafés and
shops should be created. A community-building process
shall be incentivized by creating civic networks
to enhance intangible heritage and cultural values, and
to manage a process supporting functional diversity
and mixed use in the historic center.
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1
Integral Strategies for Regeneration of Central Areas
importance that should be preserved and/or rehabilitated
as landmarks.
URBAN STRATEGY
To achieve the general planning goals, strategic
activities shall be undertaken that will be addressed in
integrated projects. The three local projects are:
• New Waterfront;
• Integral Neighborhood Upgrading Strategy and Pilot
Downtown Housing Project; and
• Revitalization of the Charles Gordon Market.
Other recommended actions as part of the urban
strategy are
• the Downtown Walkability Project, a pedestrianfriendly
corridor between the most important spots
in the city center;
• the Rehabilitation Project of Historic Landmarks
aims to preserve landmarks and proposes the
revitalization of heritage sites in order to support
the local identity and create new sources of income
for the people of Montego Bay;
• the Sustainable Mobility Program proposes a properly
designed public transportation system and
the introduction of bus routes to efficiently serve
the communities—this will meaningfully improve
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the quality of life of residents by contributing to
public order and reducing congestion in the city.
PROJECTS
New Waterfront
To connect the city of Montego Bay with the sea while
helping protect it from coastal hazards, the strategy
will develop the area along the approximately twokilometer
stretch of coast from the Old Hospital Park
to the River Bay Fishing Village into a boardwalk park
including public beaches and seaside recreational
facilities, such as cafes, beach volleyball, etc. This
project will include activities for: (I) beach enhancement
to improve the amenity value of beaches; (II)
shoreline stabilization and erosion control works to
protect against storm surge and coastal erosion; and
(III) coastal access works to provide continuous safe
public access along the shoreline. The waterfront park,
which is susceptible to storm surge, will act as a buffer
zone between the sea and the constructed city. In
addition to increasing the quality of life for residents
by providing them with a pleasant place for recreation
2
3
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Solutions
Improvement of Intercultural Center at Former
Railway Station, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
The Intercultural Center of Quetzaltenango, a site covering 2.5 hectares, is
strategically located at the heart of the “La Democracia” district. In 1930 the
station and railway infrastructure were inaugurated; unfortunately in 1933 a
very powerful storm destroyed the railroad tracks, which were subsequently
dismantled by the government, and the station was abandoned. By 2004 the
property was vacated and gifted to the Municipality of Quetzaltenango, which
in turn ceded it to the Intercultural and Sports Council in 2005. Among the
current uses of the Intercultural Center are the headquarters of the Autonomous
Sports Confederation of Guatemala, the Mayan Costume Museum, the
Octavio Ciani Railway Museum, and the Humberto Garavito Art School. In
addition, there is a library specialized in history, and the Museum of Painting,
currently in very poor condition.

C
Solutions
EMERGING TOPICS
GOALS
Lack of public space
Quetzaltenango has very little public space to offer its
citizens. Its central area does contain a few parks and
open spaces, but these do not fully satisfy the need
for public spaces. Additionally, recreational and sport
facilities are needed, but are not available. Once a
month, one of the main arteries in the neighborhood
is partially closed for cycling and walking.
Potential of art and culture
The Intercultural Center has already positioned itself
as an incubator for museums, galleries, art schools,
etc. However, the poor condition of the buildings and
lack of maintenance are affecting the quality of the
displays. The current exhibition program is hosted in
a very small part of the Intercultural Center, leaving
most of it abandoned or underused.
Creative industries as an economic catalyst
During the workshops that were held in the Intercultural
Center many participants claimed that arts and
crafts could be a potential engine for local economic
development in the city, especially as regards the
Intercultural Center. As most of the area is underused,
a temporary use program could be developed to test
new ideas: creative industries in the context of rural
hubs.
Affordable housing in the central area
Quetzaltenango has a spatial growth rate of approximately
nine percent per year, i. e. some 60 hectares of
land are being urbanized on the urban fringe annually.
People claim that the housing market is under a certain
amount of pressure because there are no housing
developments for apartment buildings in the central
area. The district is losing its inhabitants and the
housing stock is not undergoing renewal.
Weak connectivity and accessibility
Quetzaltenango is a trove of heritage buildings, mostly
dating back to the prosperous times of coffee export.
Hence there are historical parks and plazas that attract
thousands of locals every day. However, the added
value of frequented public spaces is not used to de -
velop socio-economic hubs. The Intercultural Center
has the potential to combine quality public spaces,
a public transportation hub, and socio-economic
attractors. A diverse, accessible cultural space for all
will serve as an emblematic meeting place both at the
local and city levels.
The general objective is to improve the Intercultural
Center as a cultural hub in Quetzaltenango characterized
by a diversity of activities and accessibility for all.
The Center will be transformed into a new centrality,
a place for identity-building and exchange for citizens.
Specific objectives include the integration of the Intercultural
Center into the public transportation system,
and the enhancement of, and connection to public
spaces. Furthermore, new social infrastructure shall
be provided by revitalizing and providing new uses for
heritage buildings—creating a permeable and accessible
urban space for all. The stock of housing in the
central area has to be renewed by upgrading existing
buildings and erecting new multifamily homes.
URBAN STRATEGY
The Intercultural Center constitutes an emblematic,
diverse, accessible, active renovation project for the
city of Quetzaltenango. It has the potential to become
an integral model of economic revitalization by enhancing
the role of culture as a public and economic good.
This can be achieved through the commercialization
of creative industries, with the support of the visual
arts, crafts, audiovisuals, design, and new media. The
Center can also offer creative services such as architecture,
culture and recreation, and the promotion of
research and development. Heritage buildings will be
rehabilitated, non-historical and culturally irrelevant
buildings will be demolished. New uses—such as technology,
cultural activities, sport and residential uses—
will be introduced into the Intercultural Center.
PROJECTS
Revitalization of heritage buildings
The proposal seeks to revitalize and adapt two heritage
buildings inside the former central railway station, and
to implement new uses for them within a future art and
culture hub. Inside the first building, refurbished spaces
for new and existing museums and commercial art galleries
will be provided. The second building will house
an extension to the existing art school. Both spaces will
integrate their program into the city’s cultural agenda.
Technology and knowledge hub
Through strategic alliances with the academic sector,
spaces for the development of technology, innovation,
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1
and knowledge will be developed. The first module
will provide digital support for innovation. The second
module will be an interactive library with services
for the public providing documentation and communication
devices for interactive learning.
Vertical gym and recreational center
The project proposes the transformation of current
sports facilities into a vertical gym. This building will
include recreational spaces such as basketball courts,
a gym, and an athletics track in a flexible multistorey
building. The function of sport will be “verticalized”
and valuable land will thus be saved for other important
uses in the area.
Housing, commercial and office space
Buildings for uses such as student residences, housing,
office space and creative industries are also included.
Furthermore, in some of the spaces allocated to local
commerce within the urban blocks, the project will
promote eating-and-drinking places. The area has the
potential to develop more than 350 residential units
for Quetzaltenango families.
Regeneration of neighborhood
Interventions in public space around the Intercultural
Center will not only enhance the heritage structures
and proposed new buildings but will also integrate
them into the surrounding urban fabric. These series
of spaces will be: access plazas where bus stops and
bicycle racks will be located; a central plaza for events;
an open air theatre for artistic performances; room
for recreational activities; a reading space; and several
green areas including a “sound garden” that will provide
a passive rest zone linked to the commercial and
restaurant area.
Transformation Strategies for Abandoned Railway Infrastructure
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“Investing resources
into the renewal,
valorization and
commercial revitalization
of the center
can serve as a trigger
for a true cultural
revolution not only
with local impact
but also of regional
and national importance.”
2
3
4
1 Master plan for the transformation
of the former railway
station into a new centrality
in Quetzaltenango
2 Perspective drawing showing
all projects that will
change the neighborhood
3 Strategy for the integration
of the project into the existing
situation
4 Definition of investment projects
for heritage buildings,
technology hub, vertical gym,
housing and public space
5 A new main plaza in the
Democracia neighborhood
will activate public life on
4th Street
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Five-minute city—Strategy for the territorial
integration of Ciudad Juan Bosch, Santo Domingo
Este, Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic’s capital city, Santo Domingo, already has some
three million inhabitants and is still growing at a rapid pace. As a result of
the steady expansion of the metropolitan area, an urban strategy and planning
are required, especially in the eastern parts. Ciudad Juan Bosch is one
of the few large-scale, planned, urban extension projects of the Dominican
Republic’s government. Urban growth in this area is characterized by its
informal nature—with very low-density development patterns. Low-income,
informal settlements were attracted to areas in the close vicinity of Ciudad
Juan Bosch, which is suitable for approx. 100,000 middle-income residents.
Ciudad Juan Bosch has not adequately reacted to its low-income surroundings
and is rather isolated, with no proper connection to public mass transportation.
At the local level, weaknesses in infrastructure can be found in all
informal residential developments in the surrounding area. The labor market
does not provide sufficient opportunities, neither for the local population
nor for new residents, and this creates an unstable financial situation.

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“Santo Domingo
Este boasts extensive
sport facilities
and natural areas,
but they are not
interconnected
or acces sible for
pedestrians.”
EMERGING TOPICS
Lack of basic infrastructure
Basic infrastructure is not provided by the municipality.
The community has had to install its own power system,
water supply and street lighting. Many streets
are unpaved or have no sidewalks. As a consequence,
dark streets at night create an unsafe environment
for the inhabitants. Since there is no school close to
the neighborhood, children have to walk a long way to
school.
Lack of educational opportunities
Study results show that a number of residents of
Nuevo Renacer require a school or educational center.
At the moment, children have to walk long distances
on unsafe roads to their school every day. The lack of
educational facilities also affects adults, who would
like a space for further education and a place to meet
inside their own community.
Weak public spaces
Santo Domingo Este boasts extensive sport facilities
and natural areas, but they are not interconnected
or accessible for pedestrians. On the neighborhood
scale, public space in the master plan of Ciudad Juan
Bosch has been reduced to parking lots with very few
functional areas for leisure or public activities. In
the surrounding informal neighborhoods, it is made
up of urban voids or spontaneous social relations.
Lack of social housing
Some land has been reserved for social housing within
the Ciudad Juan Bosch project; however, this has
not been developed according to a law or policy that
guarantees access to affordable housing. Hence the
properties built in Ciudad Juan Bosch do not correspond
to the socio-economic level of the surrounding
settlements. Other social housing projects have been
developed on the periphery of the city, but suffer
from weaknesses in terms of connectivity, and lack
a comprehensive vision of habitat adaptation.
Inadequate public transportation
The roads that connect the sector with the southern
part of the city are in poor condition. From the center
of the municipality to San Isidro, there is no formal
public transportation covering passenger demand,
thus car dependency in the area is high. The only
means of public transportation are the motoconcho
(motorcycles) and informal buses. In the long term,
it is planned to extend Line 2 of the subway along
Carretera Mella.
Lack of suitable local jobs
The main economic activity of the population living in
the informal settlement of Nuevo Renacer is provided
by the nearby military base, a zona franca (free trade
zone), and the public transportation center. In addition,
an industrial development is emerging near the northsouth
connection (Samaná highway). However, these
sectors do not fulfil existing demand for jobs and the
local population is not considered as a suitable human
resource by new industrial companies.
Uncoordinated urban development
Santo Domingo Este has been developed without any
provision for basic infrastructure. The creation of
Ciudad Juan Bosch has acted as a magnet for informal
settlements, owing to the supply of facilities lacking in
the rest of the area; this is reflected in the densification
of irregularly occupied lands. Most of the land was
owned by the State Council for Sugar (CEA), which
granted residential plots to people without any landuse
planning.
GOALS
The strategy seeks to transform the area around
Ciudad Juan Bosch into a city on a human scale, with
a network of central services and short-distance
public spaces that promote an inclusive urban life.
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Community Capital in Action: New Financial Models
for Resilient Cities
Daniela Patti, Levente Polyak
Two years ago, the cultural center La Casa Invisible collected over 20,000
euros for the partial renovation of a nineteenth-century building in the
center of Málaga, including the installation of fire doors and electric equipment
to ensure its safety. A few months later, East London’s Shuffle Festival,
operating in a cemetery park at Mile End, collected 60,000 pounds for the
renovation and community use of The Lodge, an abandoned building at the
corner of the cemetery. In order to implement their campaigns, both initiatives
used the online platforms Goteo and Spacehive, which specialize in
the financing of community projects. The fact that many of the hundreds of
projects supported by civic crowdfunding platforms are community spaces
underlines two phenomena: the void left behind by a state that gradually
withdrew from certain community services, and the urban impact of community
capital created through the aggregation of individual resources.
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Guest Contributors
European municipalities have responded to the challenge of the economic
crisis in a variety of ways. Some cities, like Athens, began to examine
how to adjust their regulations to enable the functioning of community
organizations, while others created new legal frameworks to share public
duties with community organizations in contractual ways, as in Bologna
with the Regulation of the Commons. In several other cities, administrations
began experimenting with public infrastructure crowdfunding, as in
Ghent or Rotterdam (where municipalities offer match funding to support
successful campaigns), or with participatory budgeting, as in Paris, Lisbon
or Tartu.
Alternatively, some cities chose to support the local economy and
create more resilient neighborhoods with self-sustaining social services
through grant systems. The City of Lisbon, for instance, having identified a
number of “priority neighborhoods” that needed specific investments to im -
prove social inclusion and local employment opportunities, launched the
BIP/ZIP program, which grants selected civic initiatives up to 40,000 euros.
The funded projects, selected through an open call, have to prove their economic
sustainability; the full amount must be spent in one year.
The BIP/ZIP project, operating since 2010, has given birth to a number
of self-sustaining civic initiatives, including social kitchens that offer
affordable food and employment to locals, or cooperative hotels that use
their income from tourism to support social and cultural projects.
In 2015 the BIP/ZIP matured into a Community-Led Local Development
Network (CLLD), as identified by the European Union’s Cohesion
Policy 2014–2020, which will grant the network access to part of the Structural
Funds of the City of Lisbon. The CLLD is a unique framework for the
democratic distribution of public funds: it provides for the management of
the funding to be shared between administration and partners, both private
and civic, none of them holding a majority of shares and votes.
While, as the previous cases demonstrate, the public sector plays an
important role in strengthening civil society in some European cities, many
others have witnessed the emergence of new welfare services provided by
the civic economy completely outside, or without any help from, the public
sector. On some occasions, a community contribution takes the shape of a
philanthropic donation to support the construction, renovation, or acquisition
of playgrounds, parks, stores, pubs, or community spaces. In others,
community members act as creditors or investors in an initiative that needs
capital, in exchange for interest, shares or the community ownership of
local assets, for instance shops in deprived neighborhoods. Crowdfunding
platforms may also help coordinate these processes: the French Bulb in
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Outlook
Interview with Jorge Perez Jaramillo
A city is a long-term project that must involve the
diverse actors that inhabit it. Starting from this premise,
José Pérez Jaramillo, architect and former director
of Urban Planning at the municipality of Medellín
(2012–2015), shares his perspective on urban development
in Latin America. In the following interview,
he reflects on his experience with, and knowledge
about the transformation of the metropolitan area of
Medellín.
What are the sustainable urban development
challenges faced by local governments of intermediate
cities?
JPJ: They can be summarized into four challenges.
The first one is the understanding that sustainable
urban development is an extremely important priority
that cannot be limited to a short-term agenda. In other
words, cities are long-term projects. This involves
creating planning processes with a high level of community
involvement so that there is a shared long-term
vision, and so that common leadership and abilities
emerge across all sectors of society involved in the
project.
The second aspect is that urbanization is here
to stay, and that the habitat of the future is the urban
habitat. Therefore, developing the concept of cities as
the scope of human life, as proposed by Aníbal Gaviria
in Medellín, is vital. It is understood that “cities for life”
are our common challenge.
The third aspect is to integrate the idea that
cities are not to be understood solely as the urbanized
area. Cities are a much more complex territory, which
on the one hand is social and on the other hand is
natural. This implies the inclusion of the rural world
and all the strategic ecosystems which provide
the environmental goods and services that sustain
the city. Proper territorial management on multiple
scales must therefore be ensured because a municipal
district on its own is insufficient to have a future.
A fourth relevant aspect is that the city of the
twenty-first century is metropolitan in character.
Today, the footprint of almost any large urban agglomeration
expands beyond its municipal district. This
metropolitan phenomenon does not recognize administrative
political jurisdictions or lines drawn on maps.
Therefore, the metropolitan phenomenon is a challenge
we face as a society in the contemporary world. One of
the things that we have not developed yet are relevant
tools for government and supra-municipal management.
We are still organizing the planet with mayors
at the municipal level, whereas the dynamics and
complexities of urbanization occur on multiple scales.
Despite these challenges, there are achievements
that show social resilience in times of crisis.
For example, the society of the Valley of Aburrá, which
includes Medellín and its metropolitan region, once
faced an infeasible project, and the reaction was collective.
The complexity and magnitude of this crisis
was not simply a matter of making joint decisions—a
collective self-assessment and an overhaul of many
social and institutional structures had to be done; the
severity of the crisis provided the framework in which
to carry these out.
This demonstrates that along with looking at
infrastructure and urban design projects, which are
more well-known, we must also look at the process
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through which a society ready for change has come
about. It is necessary to understand that this process
has involved a broad consensus, with an in-depth
diagnosis, but above all an agreement on a long-term
vision, supported by good leadership. So, in the middle
of my complex response, what I’m trying to demonstrate
is that the City Project is not simply a problem
for urbanists and planners, but it is a political project,
a social project and, above all, a collective project.
That is the most important thing we have learned in
Medellín.
In the Latin American context, how can municipalities
and local urban planners respond to informal urban
growth and the deficit in inclusive public space?
JPJ: To be able to respond effectively, it is necessary
to work with agendas and long-term visions deliberately.
Primarily this has two implications: a structural
shift in our understanding of life, and the involvement
of a diverse range of actors, in order to come to
agreements.
Structural change in our understanding of life
supposes moving away from our historic dependence
on Messianic warlordism, which resolves things with
a photo and the personal heroism of the mayor or the
governor. Traditionally, this implies that responses to
the complex dynamics of urbanization are managed in
an absurd, incomplete, and illogical way over periods
of a maximum of four or five years. However, the
structural problems of social, economic, political, and
territorial order which we face—as a phenomenon of
urbanization in Latin America—demand shared, co-led,
long-term agendas. In other words, agendas with
continuity, coherence and harmony covering various
periods of government.
Establishing agreement requires policies that
are built upon an active society and citizenry. Academia,
social sectors, community organizations, and
working and business classes need to view the city as
a project. Collaboration between society and citizenship
produces good results that benefit all: a better,
more charitable city for vulnerable communities, as
well as for the working and productive classes, and for
academia.
What are the roles of architecture and real estate
development in the sustainable, inclusive, responsible
development of the built environment?
JPJ: In general, architecture and infrastructure are
the special containers of social, political and cultural
events in many cities around the world, and throughout
history. It is then clear that architecture is the
representation of the built environment as an effort
towards social and political change.
From the experience of Medellín, we learned
that infrastructure, urban planning, and architecture
are instruments of social change. They are the habitat
necessary to regain public and democratic life, social
integration, coexistence—all of this in a society that
was the opposite: undemocratic, hardly inclusive,
hardly coexisting.
However, it is necessary to point out that there
are several political, social and institutional processes
that must be carried out first, so that architecture,
urbanism, and infrastructure can really represent
change. It is not the case that one day a mayor can
visit a vulnerable community and erect a building, and
by doing so, changes society. Selling the idea that a
single variable, such as architecture or urban planning
or infrastructure, can change a phenomenon as
complex and difficult as the current urban crisis in
Latin America, is irresponsible.
In the case of Medellín, building went hand
in hand with democratic change, with a change in the
institutional framework, with a decentralization process,
and with the generation of local autonomy.
This allowed the strengthening of citizen participation
and the establishment of shared planning across all
sectors. All the catalytic projects in engineering, urban
planning, architecture, and the social sciences were
together. This meant that we also learned to make projects
for communities, as well as construction works
and interventions in the area.
In conclusion, processes involving planning,
urbanism, and architecture projects should be part
of an effort that includes institutional strengthening,
as well as changes to the constitutional frameworks
of local governments as regards planning, local
democracy, etc., to achieve what needs to be consolidated
in cities.
What types of tools and planning strategies are
needed to respond appropriately to the complexities
of urban development and the lack of economic
resources?
JPJ: That’s a question I call “define universe and provide
three examples,” because it tries to be the synthesis of
a large number of problems, but I think we can attempt
some answers.
The first thing is to agree that the city is a challenge.
We live on a continent where more than 80% of
the territory is urbanized, and where four out of every
five Latin Americans already live in these urban areas.
Contemporary society, and Latin American society
in particular, has to consider this phenomenon as a
priority, and it must be put on the agenda. To this
end, development tools must be created at country,
region, and municipality levels, along with a more
metropolitan understanding, in order to govern, plan
and manage.
The second thing is that we need projects, real
actions. Planning by itself does not solve problems,
even though it is a structural component in creating
agendas for problem-solving. Therefore, it is necessary
to vindicate and revalue a type of planning that allows
for the implementation of strategic projects, that
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About the Contributors
Sarah Benton
Sarah Benton has been an urban planner from the
Housing and Urban Development Division of the
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) since 2015,
and supports the new Cities LAB and the Emerging
and Sustainable Cities program. Prior to working at the
IDB, Sarah obtained a Master’s degree in Urban and
Regional Planning and a Master’s degree in Latin
American Studies, both from the University of Florida.
Her specializations were in sustainable development
and planning technologies such as GIS. She received
her Bachelor’s degree from the University of Virginia,
where she studied Spanish, Latin American Studies,
and Urban and Environmental Planning.
Andres G Blanco
Andres G Blanco is Lead Specialist in Urban Development
and Housing at the Inter-American Development
Bank (IDB). Currently, he is coordinating the implementation
of the Cities LAB, a laboratory of Urban
Innovation at IDB. Previously, Andres was an Assistant
Professor in the Department of Urban and Regional
Planning at the University of Florida. His work centers
on the economic aspects of planning in areas such as
housing, land use, urban and land economics, and local
economic development. He received his Bachelor’s
degree in Economics in 1999 and his Master’s of
Science in Regional Development Planning in 2005
from the Universidad de los Andes in Bogotá. In 2010,
he received his doctoral degree in City and Regional
Planning from Cornell University.
Alfredo Brillembourg and Hubert Klumpner
Alfredo Brillembourg and Hubert Klumpner founded
the interdisciplinary design practice Urban-Think
Tank (U-TT) in Caracas (Venezuela) in 1998. In 2007,
they were appointed as adjunct professors at Columbia
University, where they founded the Sustainable Living
Urban Model Laboratory (S.L.U.M. Lab). Since 2010,
they have held a joint Chair of Architecture and Urban
Design at ETH Zürich, where Klumpner also previously
served as the Dean of the Department of Architecture.
In 2015, Brillembourg and Klumpner co-curated the
Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism/Architecture in Shenzhen.
As co-principals of U-TT, they received the 2010
Ralph Erskine Award, the 2011 Holcim Gold Award for
Latin America, the 2012 Holcim Global Silver Award,
and were part of the Golden Lion winning team at the
2012 Venice Biennale of Architecture.
Luis Fernando Castillo
Luis Fernando is an architect and urbanist who graduated
from the University of San Carlos (Guatemala).
He holds an MSc from Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
(UPC) in urban development, strategic urban
planning and sustainable mobility. Luis Fernando has
been a professor of urban planning and architecture
since 2009 at the Centro Universitario de Occidente
and from 2009 until 2014 at the Mesoamerican University.
Luis Fernando served as a consultant for the
Inter-American Development Bank in the Emerging
and Sustainable Cities Initiative in 2014 and 2015.
He is the founder and a collaborator of several student
and citizen initiatives.
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Diego Ceresuela Weismann
Diego Ceresuela Weismann is a Swiss-Spanish architect
and urban designer and leads the Colombian
urban design projects at the Urban Think Tank Chair
of Architecture and Urban Design, ETH Zürich. His
work is focused on iterative design, the integrated
infrastructures of the U-space, and drivers for innovative
city transformations. With previous experience
in Berlin, New York, and Madrid, his work has received
a number of awards.
Tamara Egger
Tamara Egger is an architect and urban designer who
graduated from the Vienna University of Technology.
Her focus is on public space design, temporary use,
bottom-up initiatives and user-based urbanism. Over
the last years she worked on several Urban Design Lab
projects on-site in various cities in Latin America and
the Caribbean. Currently Tamara is working as a consultant
for the Housing and Urban Development Division
of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).
Siri Frech
Siri Frech is a landscape architect and graduate of
the Technical University of Berlin (Germany) and the
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
(Switzerland). After several years of working in the
fields of landscape architecture and the arts in Germany
and Switzerland she became an early member of
Urban Catalyst in 2005. Over twelve years, together
with the team she developed new planning tools in order
to establish a new co-productive planning approach.
Today Siri works as a self-employed planner and
moderator in the field of urban and rural development;
she lectures at international conferences and has
published several books.
Tatiana Gallego Lizon
Tatiana Gallego Lizon became the head of the Housing
and Urban Development Division at the Inter-American
Development Bank in June 2017. Prior to this, she was
Director of the Urban Development and Water Division,
in the Southeast Asia Department, at the Asian
Development Bank. Between 2002 and 2014, she led
policy and strategy, as well as project development
and implementation work, in more than 20 countries,
selecting strategy and policy development assignments
in the areas of subnational lending and disaster
risk management at ADB. Prior to 2002, she worked
in industry and research.
Alicia S. Gerscovich
Alicia Gerscovich is an architect specialized in Technology
and Production of Habitat at the Faculty of
Architecture, Design and Urbanism, Universidad de
Buenos Aires. Alicia is a former fellow at CONICET, and
an adjunct professor and principal researcher at the
Center of Housing and Habitat Studies (CEHyV-FADU-
UBA). Alicia is a director of interdisciplinary and
international research projects, and has worked as a
consultant for IDB and UNDP. She is the author and
co-author of several publications, as well as a supervisor
and evaluator of multiple articles and research
projects. Alicia has received numerous awards for her
research and work on public offices.
Meredith Glaser
Meredith Glaser is an urban planner and mobility
expert based in the Netherlands since 2010. She
specializes in analyzing urban processes, strategies,
and design perspectives that prioritize people and their
communities. Currently a PhD candidate at the Urban
Cycling Institute at the University of Amsterdam,
she is researching how urban mobility policies and
practices are learned and transferred from one context
to another. Next to her research, Ms. Glaser also hosts
international professional delegations during cycling
and mobility study tours. She lives in Amsterdam with
her husband, daughter, four bikes and no car.
Emma Grun
Emma Grun is a Nicaraguan-Dutch urbanist with over
ten years of experience in the fields of urban design
and urban planning in Latin America and the US. She
received a Master’s in Architecture, Construction
Sciences and Urbanism of the Technological University
of Delft (TU Delft) cum laude and holds a Bachelor’s
degree in Architecture from the Central American University
UCA-Managua, where she is currently teaching
the urban design and urban planning courses to
fourth-year architecture students. At present, she
works as an independent researcher and a consultant
for the Housing and Urban Development Division
(HUD) of the Inter-American Development Bank, based
in Managua (Nicaragua).
Oliver Hasemann, Daniel Schnier and Anne Angenendt
Oliver Hasemann, graduate engineer in spatial planning
and Daniel Schnier, graduate engineer in architecture,
founded the AAA (Autonomes Architektur Atelier)
in 2006. Since 2015 Anne Angenendt, MA in art and
cultural mediation, has been part of the team. Together
they initiate and supervise urban walks and temporary
projects in Bremen and write reports for other cities
on their expertise in the use of vacant spaces. Since
2009 they have been implementing the ZZZ-Zwischen-
ZeitZentrale Bremen, an agency that develops and
tests temporary uses and new collaborations in interim
uses, which can serve as a test run for the development
of long-term projects.
Andreas Hofer
Born in St. Aegyd (Lower Austria) in 1963, his current
position is Assistant Professor at the Department of
Urban Design and Landscape Architecture at Vienna
University of Technology. He pursued Architectural
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Studies in Vienna and Bogotá, obtained a PhD in in
Urbanism in 2000, and an honorary doctorate award
at the Faculty of Architecture of Lviv Polytechnic
University in 2008. Currently he coordinates academic
partnership programs in urban studies of the Vienna
University of Technology with the Universidad Nacional
de Colombia, as well as with the Lviv Polytechnic
University; he also conducts research and consulting
activities, especially in the fields of strategic urban
development, urban design and urban renewal.
Patricio Jeréz
Patricio is a psychologist who graduated from the
Catholic University of Chile with a degree in Government
and Public Management, and received a Master’s
degree in Political Science from the University of
Chile. Patricio worked as a psychoanalytically-oriented
clinical psychologist in the public health primary care
service. Later he worked as a team leader in the areas
of citizen participation and social development in the
Municipality of Santiago. Currently he participates in
the formulation of public policies in the Under Secretariat
for Human Rights of the State of Chile. His areas
of study and interest are innovation in citizen participation
processes, inequality and local development.
Alexis Kalagas
Alexis Kalagas is a writer and urban strategist. He
spent four years managing a range of projects at the
Urban Think Tank Chair of Architecture and Urban
Design, ETH Zürich, including co-editing Reactivate
Athens: 101 Ideas (Ruby Press, 2017) and guest editing
three editions of SLUM Lab magazine. His writing
has appeared in numerous publications, including AD,
Perspecta, trans magazin, a+t, and Harvard Design
Magazine.
Hans Karssenberg
Hans Karssenberg is a founding partner of Stipo,
team for urban strategy and development. He advises
cities, housing providers, developers and NGOs in
the Netherlands and internationally. Hans works on
complex urban (re)development, placemaking, and
co-creation processes, and was the project manager
for the Rotterdam Plinth Strategy.
Roland Krebs
Roland Krebs is an Austrian urban planner and urbanist
who develops strategic action plans for cities to tackle
urban growth. Roland holds an MSc in urban and
regional planning from the Vienna University of Technology
and received an MBA in strategic management
(MBA) from the Universidad de Belgrano (Argentina).
Roland is a consultant for the Inter-American Development
Bank (IDB), World Bank Group (WBG) and Urban
Lead Expert for the URBACT III program. Since 2011
Roland has been a lecturer at the Institute of Urban
Design and Landscape Architecture at the TU Wien.
Roland is co-founder and art dirtector of superwien
urbanism.
Jeroen Laven
Jeroen Laven is a partner at Stipo, a board member of
Re:Kreators, Vereniging Verenigd Schouwburgplein,
and a founder of the European Placemaking Network.
Jeroen works in many countries on co-maker projects
focused on making better cities. The focus of his international
work is the city at eye level, in particular public
space, ground floor schemes and public development.
Jeroen combines projects at the international level
through Re:Kreators with projects in the Netherlands,
where he works on the management of strategic
processes—from housing visions to area plans, often
for government bodies.
Mayra Madriz
Mayra Madriz is an Associate at Gehl, a global leader
in people-centric urban design. She has managed
mobility and public space projects in more than twenty
cities, helping governments, developers and NGOs
address the socio-cultural dimension of their projects.
Mayra is an urban planner with ten years of expertise
in addressing the socio-cultural dimension of urban
revitalization projects in the US and Latin America.
She is interested in how people experience the public
realm, how changes in the built environment affect
them, and how to engage a broad range of stakeholders
meaningfully in planning decisions.
Dominique Mashini
Dominique Mashini is a Chilean architect and urbanist
with a Master’s degree from the Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile. She is a consultant for Urban Design
Lab, where she has applied participatory methods to
urban design strategies for cities in Argentina, Chile,
Costa Rica and Panama. She is currently a member of
the Housing and Urban Development Division (HUD)
at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), where
she has participated in the implementation of the
Emergent and Sustainable Cities Methodology and
technical cooperation projects with cities across the
region.
Rahul Mehrotra
Rahul Mehrotra is a Professor of Urban Design and
Planning at the Harvard University Graduate School of
Design. He is a practicing architect, urban designer,
and educator. His firm, RMA Architects, was founded
in 1990 in Mumbai; it has designed and executed
projects for clients that include governmental and
non-governmental agencies, as well as corporate entities
and private individuals and institutions. Rahul is
a member of the steering committee of the South
Asia Initiative at Harvard, and curates their series on
urbanization.
About the Contributors
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Fernando de Mello Franco
Fernando de Mello Franco holds a PhD in Architecture
and Urbanism from the University of São Paulo. He is
the director of the Institute of Urbanism and Studies
for the Metropolis (URBEM), an NGO focused on
structuring urban projects with a social impact. From
2013 to 2016 he served as the secretary of Urban
Development at the Municipality of São Paulo and
president of SP Urbanismo. Furthermore, Fernando is
a founder of MMBB Architects (1990–2012). He was a
Visiting Professor for the Post Graduation course at
Mackenzie University in São Paulo from 2008 to
2011, a Visiting Professor at Harvard GSD in 2009 and
Assistant Professor at the School of Engineering,
University of São Paulo, from 1992 to 2004.
Daniela Patti
Daniela Patti is an Italian-British architect and urban
planner. She has studied in Rome, London and Porto,
and holds a PhD in urbanism from the Vienna University
of Technology. She is a co-founder and director of
Eutropian Research & Action both in Rome and Vienna,
an organization supporting collaborative planning processes
between public administrations and civic groups.
She worked for the Rome Municipality in 2014–2015,
coordinating European projects such as the URBACT
“Temporary Use as a Tool for Urban Regeneration”.
Since 2012 she has been a board member of the Wonderland
Platform for European Architecture, running
its collaborative planning series.
Jorge Pérez-Jaramillo
Jorge Pérez-Jaramillo is based in Medellín (Colombia),
practicing as an architect and planner since 1987. Jorge
is the former Planning Director of Medellín 2012–15
and Mayor in charge of the city in May 2013. He led the
new general plan for the city (POT 2014–2027) and
represented Medellín as the awarded city for the Lee
Kuan Yew World City Prize Medellín 2016. From 1993
to 2001, he was the Dean of the Facultad de Arquitectura
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (UPB) Medellín,
at a time when FAUPB became an inspiring laboratory
addressing Medellín’s urban crisis. Recently he was a
Visiting Fellow at King’s College in Cambridge (UK).
Levente Polyak
Levente Polyak is an activist, urban planner, researcher
and policy adviser. He studied architecture, urbanism
and sociology in Budapest and Paris, and holds a PhD
in sociology from the Central European University.
Levente was a Visiting Lecturer at the Moholy-Nagy
University of Art and Design, the Budapest University
of Technology, and TU Wien. He was a Visiting Fellow
at Columbia University and the École nationale
supérieure d’architecture Paris-Malaquais. He is the
editor of Cooperative City; a co-founder of Eutropian
Research & Action, a collaborative planning research
and action agency (Vienna and Rome); and a board
member of the KÉK, Hungarian Contemporary
Architecture Centre (Budapest).
Alvaro Ramoneda
Alvaro is a psychologist from the Autonomous University
of Madrid and holds a Master’s in Intervention and
Environmental Management from the University of
Barcelona. Alvaro researches on public space and its
relationship with people. He works with municipalities
in Chile in the areas of participation and studies, and
is the director of the Barrio Franklin Master Plan. His
work deals with participation in projects within the city,
the development of methodologies for gathering information
and promoting participation, good practices
within commercial neighborhoods, and the processes
of forming socio-spatial links.
Daniela Sanjinés
Daniela Sanjinés is an architect and urban planner
currently member of ETH Zürich-Wohnforum—CASE
Centre for Research on Architecture, Society & the
Built Environment. She has worked for the city of
Bogotá and the government of Colombia on topics
ranging from urban renewal strategies and national
housing policies to the implementation by Findeter of
the IDB’s Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative.
Additionally, she has worked for the United Nations on
the design of urban upgrading strategies for refugee
camps on the West Bank.
Katja Schechtner
Katja Schechtner is an urbanist who holds a dual
appointment at MIT and the OECD to develop new
technologies and shape innovative policies to keep
cities on the move. Previously she worked at the Asian
Development Bank implementing transport technology
projects across Asia; formulated smart public space
strategies for the Inter-American Development Bank
in Costa Rica and Argentina; advised the European
Commission on Smart City programs and ran an applied
research laboratory for Dynamic Transportation Systems
at the Austrian Institute of Technology. Katja
also holds a Visiting Professorship at the TU Wien and
curates urban tech exhibitions across the globe.
Markus Tomaselli
Markus Tomaselli is an Austrian architect and urbanist.
He holds the position of Head of Department for
Urban Design and Landscape Architecture, TU Wien.
He is the founder and owner of BLOK ZT KG and holds
a PhD in architecture, entitled: “In-Between Spaces
in Architecture and City Planning” (TU Wien, 2001).
Markus is coordinator of the “Urbanism” module,
which is part of the graduate program for architects
at TU Wien. He also coordinates a partnership program
between UFRGS, Porto Alegre (Brazil) and TU Wien.
Markus has written numerous publications in the field
of urban renewal and urban transformation.
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Jose Luis Vallejo and Belinda Tato
Jose Luis Vallejo and Belinda Tato are co-founders and
directors of the firm ecosistema urbano, established
in 2000 in Madrid. They have led workshops, lectured
and taught at the most prestigious institutions worldwide.
Since 2010 they have been faculty members
at Harvard University Graduate School of Design in
Cambridge and Columbia University Graduate School
of Architecture, Planning and Preservation in New
York. The ecosistema urbano office is specialized in
urban consultancy projects (architecture and urban
design) and public space quality assessment. It
leads urban transformation processes (from initial
conceptualization to final implementation), working
for local authorities, national governments and
multilateral agencies.
Mattijs van ’t Hoff
Mattijs van ’t Hoff is an urbanist who graduated from
the Delft University of Technology (1998) and thereafter
specialized in the field of urban economy at
IHS Erasmus University Rotterdam (2013). He has
worked for the planning and development department
of the municipality of Rotterdam on various projects
involving urban design and neighborhood transformation.
Mattijs joined Stipo in 2011 as an associate
advisor, besides working as a self-employed urbanist.
He is involved in projects relating to urban interaction,
business districts and the city at eye level.
Felipe Vera
Felipe Vera is a Chilean architect and urbanist. He
is a member of the Housing and Urban Development
Division (HUD) at the Inter-American Development
Bank (IADB), where he has contributed to the implementation
of the Emergent and Sustainable Cities
Program. Felipe collaborated in lending operations in
the Latin America and non-reimbursable technical
cooperation projects with countries across the region.
He was trained as an architect and urbanist at Universidad
de Chile and holds a Master’s in Design Studies
(MDes) in Urbanism, Landscape & Ecology from the
Harvard Graduate School of Design.
Lisa Vlasak
Lisa Vlasak is an Austrian urban planner who graduated
from the TU Wien. Lisa holds an MSc in Global
Urban Development and Planning from the University
of Manchester. Her focus lies on urban development
and regeneration in cities of the global South. Lisa has
worked in different international organizations, including
the Urban Design Lab within the framework of the
Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) at
the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for which
she developed an Integrated Housing and Mixed-
Use Strategy for the Historic Center of Paramaribo,
Suriname.
Olga Wainstein-Krasuk
Olga Wainstein-Krasuk studied architecture at Universidad
de Buenos Aires; she received a Master’s in Local
Economic Development from the Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid and a Master’s in Local Development from
UNSAM. She currently serves as the Director of the
Center of Housing and Habitat Studies (CEHyV-FADU-
UBA), Director of Interdisciplinary Research Projects
and Social Urgency, and Director of National and International
Cooperation. She is also the Director, and a
Professor, of the postgraduate program on Inclusive
Cities at the Universidad de Buenos Aires. She has
worked as a consultant for the IDB, UNDP, OAS, Chancellery
Argentina, public and private organizations,
and Fund.AVINA, amongst others. She is the author
and co-author of several publications, and has received
numerous awards for her professional and research
work.
Charles Waldheim
Charles Waldheim is a North American architect,
urbanist, and educator. Waldheim’s research examines
the relations between landscape, ecology, and contemporary
urbanism. He coined the term “landscape
urbanism” to describe the emergent discourse and
practices of landscape in relation to design culture and
contemporary urbanization. Waldheim is John E. Irving
Professor at Harvard University’s Graduate School of
Design, where he directs the School’s Office for Urbanization.
He is recipient of the Rome Prize Fellowship
from the American Academy in Rome; the Visiting
Scholar Research Fellowship at the Study Centre of
the Canadian Centre for Architecture; the Cullinan
Chair at Rice University; and the Sanders Fellowship
at the University of Michigan.
About the Contributors
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Urban Design Lab—Project Teams
Montego Bay, Jamaica
August to October, 2013
Authors: Roland Krebs, Sabrina Ehrenhöfer,
Klaus Kodydek, Peter Scheibstock
Contributors: Trevion Manning, Sean Rowe
Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
December, 2012 to February, 2014
Authors: Johanna Ettl, Roland Krebs, Marco Chavez,
Victoria Tiu, Andreas Hofer
Contributors: Abraham Petz, Adolfo Quiej Quan, Alba
Carrasco, Alvaro Herrera, Ana Marcela Yoc, Ana María
González, Anabella Acebedo, Antonio Ramón, Axel
Ixquiac, Bequer Ortiz, Brayan Castro, Carlos Lucas,
Daniel Sosa, Diego Albizures, Diego Mejía, Donald
Urizar, Dora Reyna Zimeri, Edwin Escobar, Edy Nolasco
López, Isabel Coxaj, Jeison Argueta, Karla Ruiz, Ligia
Ruiz, Luis Fernando Castillo, Luis Fernando Gómez,
Manuel Amezquita, Marcela Sandoval, Marco A.
Nimatuj, Marcos García, María Nievez Miguez,
Maximiliano Florex, Oscar Soto, Patty De Guzmán,
Pedro Moreno, Raquel García, Rodrigo Diaz,
Rodulfo Palacios, Santiago Argueta, Silvia Rivera
Managua, Nicaragua
February to May, 2014
Authors: Do Huber, Emma Grün, Roland Krebs,
Andreas Hofer
Contributors: Alvaro Jesus Castañeda Guiterrez, Ana
María Castillo Castro, Andrea J. Garcia Perez, Andrea
Kamila Belli Reynosa, Andrés Muñoz, Angel Román
Espinoza A., Balbina Suazo, Belkis Gadea Gonzalez,
Carla Patricia Ruiz Blandon, Carlos Eduardo Linarte
Cáliz, Chilo-Maria Auxiliadora Reyes, Cinthya A.
Escobar Hernández, Deborah Araixz Martinez, Deylin
Aquiles Báez Pravia, Emma Grun, Emmanuel
Detrinidad, Erick Canales, Ericka Alfaro Cortez, Ericka
Lorena Avendaño Benavida, Evelyn Castillo Ramirez,
Everet Baltodano U., Fernando Palma, Francisco
Gonzalez, Francisco R. Gonzalez, Gilberto Martinez,
Harley Daniel Muñoz M., Hector Manuel Flores Díaz,
Heiker Palacios Centeno, Heyliz Idania Sáenz Sáenz,
Jefferson Silva Rocha, Jeffry Alexander Perez
Hernandez, Jelsin-Betania-Valle-Lopez, Jesus Roberto
Gonzales Al-mendárez, Johannes Kranz, José Benito
Montoya Montoya, Josselin Massiel Darcy Moreno,
Judith A. Bolaños Morales, Karen Bonilla, Karina Del
Carmen Torrez Monje, Katherine Suazo Montiel, Kevin
Torrez Monje, Keyen Pastora Delgadillo González,
Leonardo Icaza, Lizayarav. Salgado Trujillo, Manuel
Alejandro Echeverria King, Mayerling Delgadillo
Gonzalez, Nestor Saul Lopez Irias, Noel Sampson, Nora
Argentina Monje Espinoza, Olga Ligia Ruiz Rocha,
Pedro Joel Marin, Perla Sánchez Uriarte, Rosa Maria
Perez Castillo, Santos Mariano Pinera Alvarez, Tania
Monje Martinez, William Montano, Yarling Jesenia
Aguirre Rodriguez, Yoel Antonio Espinoza Ramos, Yosi
Andreina Sotelo
Monteria, Colombia
May to October, 2014
Authors: Fernando Cortés Larreamendy, Andreas
Hofer, Astrid Erhartt-Perez, Claudia Marcela Duque,
Roland Krebs, Lina Teresa Buitrago, Sebastian
Sattlegger, Nacira Palomo, Duley Meza, Deborath
Lucía Gascón Olarte, Valentín Alejandro Urbina
Palmera, Marleny Sánchez
Contributors: Deley Cristina Meza, Elena Mitrenova,
Evamaria Schmidthaler, Lina Buitrago, Marleny
Sanchez, Edgar Mauricio Sabogal, Deborath Garzón
355

D
Outlook
Pasto, Colombia
May to October, 2014
Authors: Laura Scharf, Roland Krebs, Edna Escobar,
Sebastian Sattlegger, Jafet Garnica, Arturo Bolaños
Contributors: Jaime Fonseca and students
Xalapa, Mexico
May to October, 2014
Authors: Lisa Mittelberger, Roland Krebs, Andreas
Hofer
Contributors: Acoyani Adame, Alberto Robledo
Landero, Angelica Moya, Carlos Dario Arroyo, David
Islas Bravo, Fernando Francisco Montiel, Gustavo
Bureau Roquet, Heriberto Ponce Miguel, Hugo Vergara
León, Isabel Carreras-Baquer, Ivette Olmedo, Javier
Gonzalez, Juan Carlos Flores, Ramón Hernández Salas,
Raúl Reynoso Rodriguez, Ricardo De Vecchi, Tonantzin
Obrador, Wilfrido Estrada, Yeudiel Zabdiel
Campeche, Mexico
May to October, 2014
Authors: Kerstin Pluch, Andreas Hofer, Roland Krebs
Contributors: Abraham Cruz Gomez, Adán Navarrate
Pimentel, Adrian Quej Solis, Aida Amine Casanova,
Alejandra Castro Gongora, Alvaro Buenfil Bermudez,
Andre Adrian Poor Marin, Andreas Mas Cen, Andrés
Poot Marin, Angelica Lara, Berenice Isabel Castillo
Can, Bian Lin Wong Cruz, Carlos Abelardo Solis
Salgado, Carlos Ivan Cancheve, Christiani Emmanuel
Canche Uc, Clarissa De Los Angeles Tejere Sosa,
Claudia Valladares, Cristian Acosta Gutierrez, Cristina
Barrera Rodriguez, Doreydi Mendoza Caamal, Eduardo
Tovar Perez, Esmeralda Concepción Balan Chan,
Estephanie Jazmin Mex Can, Eunice Auigai Pech Ucan,
Francisco Hipolito Hernandez Juarez, Guadalupe
Adelaida Varguez Tuyub, Ikeydi Arayanky Chan Ortiz,
Irene Pastrana Pleites, Isabel Carreras-Baquer, Jamile
Moguel Coyoc, Jauneth Del Carmen Dzib Yerbes, Javier
Alfonso Chan Centella, Javier Del Carmen May Huchin,
Jesus Enrique Garcia May, Jonatan Dzib Ucan, José
Aldana, Jose Del Jesus Chin Calderon, Jose Isai Medina
Esqueda, Josue Martin Uribe Ucan, Juan Antonio
Vazquez, Juan Carlos Torres Chavez, Julia Elena Leon
Moscoso, Karime Alejandra Clan Chin, Karla Geliste
Sanchez Sosa, Librado Miranda M., Manuel Marquez
Torres, Mariela Chan Avalos, Martin Antonio Gongora
Rodriguez, Masilema Zazueta, Miguel A. Akechable,
Napoleon Quime Cex, Nicte-Ha Hernández Kú, Pedro
D. Solo Caballero, Pedro Ivan Caamal Quen, Reynaldo
Herrera, Ricardo De Vecchi Galindo, Rigel Jair Aranda
Montero, Rosario Aracely Cahuich Poat, Sheyla
Guadalupe Ramirez Rosado, Vianeq Ruz Quiñones,
Victor Guzman Samodio
Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
May to October, 2014
Authors: Tamara Egger, Andreas Hofer, Roland Krebs
Contributors: Carlos Fondeur, César Payamps,
Christine Larraque, Cuqui Batista, Daniel Cherubin,
Daritza Nicodemo, David Prieto, Edwin Espinal, Fausto
Ortíz, Grethel Castellanos, Hipólito Gómez, Jochy
Sánchez, Juan Almonte, Julio Corral, Marcos Gómez,
María Isabel Beltrán Villavicencio, María Ligia Grullón,
María Luisa Tavarez, Martina Tolentino, Mauricio
Estrella, Michela Da Rodda, Milagros De Jesús De Feliz,
Mirtha Saleta, Rafael Almánzar, Rafael Emilio Yunén,
Raimundo López, Reynaldo Peguero, Rosemary
Franquiz, Tak Kon Ng, Toni Jáquez, Vhanessa Victoria
Panama City, Panama
June, 2014 to August, 2015
Authors: Roland Krebs, Marco Chávez, Dominique
Mashini, Sebastian Sattlegger, Andreas Hofer, Álvaro
Uribe, Peter Scheibstock
Contributors: Aalia Shalabi, Alessandra Treuherz,
Alexander Wild, Alexandra Höbarth, Amy Coronado,
Ana Caballero, Andrés Martínez, Ariel Arauz, Carlos
Eduardo Rodriguez, Carlos Stomer, Caterina Epiboli,
Deika Aguilar, Eduardo Tejeira, Erika Santimateo,
Federico Scodelaro Bilbao, Gabriel Rivera, Gianina
Rodríguez, Giorgia Pierleoni, Hanna García, Helmut
Schramm, Hugo González, Irasema Callejas, Isaac
Castillo, Israel Barrios, Jenny Betancourt, Jonathan
Batista, José Barber, José Orocu, Josip Dusper, Juan
Manuel Leano, Judith Lehner, Julia Puchegger, Kamila
Drsata, Katharina Kuchler, Litzy Ruiz, Luis Soto,
Madelaine Jaén, Manuel Trute, María Camaño, Maria
Myskiw, Marina Violin, Marión Zorilla, Max Barria,
Michelle Espino, Milagros Rodríguez, Natalie Milord,
Nerys Margarita Gaitan, Olivia Campbell, Prudencia
Martínez, Reina Nieto, Renato Niero, Ricardo Ortega,
Richard Mendoza, Rita Aichinger, Romina Díaz, Rosalie
Exenberger, Rupert Gruber, Shirley Chávez, Stefanie
Mras, Valesca Ramos, Wilmer López
Valdivia, Chile
February to March, 2015
Authors: Dominique Mashini, Roland Krebs, Sebastian
Sattlegger, Tamara Egger
Contributors: Alejandra Márquez, Álvaro Palacios, Ana
Velásquez, Andrea Núñez, Andrea Valenzuela, Antonio
Zumelzu, Brenda Riffo, Daniel Cruchet, Enrique Rivera,
Felipe Spoerer, Francisca Jara, Francisco Acuña,
Javiera Maira, Jose Luis Marcos, Leonardo Sandoval,
Martin Soulier, Mauricio Hodges, Mónica Rojas, Pablo
Avendaño, Roberto Delgado, Rodrigo Burgos, Rodrigo
Cofré, Romina Flores, Sandra Ramírez, Sebastian Lew,
Sebastián Navarro, Valeria Hidalgo, Walter Perez
Puerto Montt-Puerto Varas, Chile
December, 2015 to April, 2016
Authors: Sebastian Sattlegger, Lisa Mittelberger,
Dominique Mashini, Guillermo Müller Videla, Andreas
Hofer, Roland Krebs
Contributors: Alejandra Paineo, Alejandra Pavez,
Álvaro Berger Schmidt, Andrea Mades, Andrés
Urban Design Lab—Project Teams
356

D
Outlook
Saldivia, Anita Perez, Arturo Sánchez, Bárbara Correa,
Benjamín Eyzaguirre Del Real, Carlos Francke, Carlos
Moreno Ortiz, Carlos Ojeda, Christian Pavez, Cindy
Soto A., Claudia Leyton, Claudia Oyarzún, Clémentine
Boy, Colomba Merino, Daniel Reyes, Daniela
Bustamante, Edita Sepulveda, Elena Barría M., Eliana
Chavez Igor, Eliana Soto Maldonado, Elizabeth Rosas
Alvear, Enedina Oyarzo, Enriquo Wellmann, Felix
Toledo Vera, Fernando Burgos Gallegos, Francisca
Machado, Francisco Barriento, Francisco Orellana,
Fredy Barria, Gervoy Paredes Rojas, Gladis Espinoza
Mesina, Gloria González Sáez, Haroldt Solervicens,
Hector Muñoz, Ibett Baez G., Ingrid Almonacid, Ingrid
Ojeda, Ingrid Wetzel Ruiz, Ivo Toledo, Jacqueline
Ponce, Javier Soto Villarroel, Jeanette Kinzel, Jimena
Cofré Avello, Jorge Cárcamo, Jorge Guzmán, Josefina
Gallardo H., Juan Merino, Juan Pablo Edwards, Juan
Sebastián Alcayaga Claussen, Julián Mingo, Karina
Alvarado, Leidi Uarac, Leonardo De La Prida Sanhueza,
Liliane Gallardo F., Luis Felipe Vera Benítez, Luis
Urrutia, Madeleine Fagalde Bidart, Manuel Jarpa,
Margarita Gallardo M., Margarita Oro, Maria Antonieta
Vera Alvear, María Ester Sepúlveda Briceño, Maria Ines
Flores Z., María Jose Alcaíno, Maritza Contreras,
Martín Nicolás Soulier Faure, Mauricio Soler, Maximo
Matamala Almonacid, Mayra Madriz, Miguel Huala,
Nelly Jimenez O., Nicolás Solís De Ovando, Noemí
Parcet A., Noemí Velásquez, Oscar García, Pablo
Toledo, Paola Ducci, Paola Vallejos Ruiz, Patricia
Benavides, Paula Diaz Gallardo, Paula Vidal, Pedro C.
Andrade, Pia Mancilla, Ricardo Matamala Montiel,
Riola Gallardo, Rocío Alejandra Wilhelm Núñez, Rocío
Wilhelm Nuñez, Rodrigo Borja, Rodrigo Rivas, Rodrigo
Yáñez V., Rosa Manríquez, Rosa Pereira, Rosvita
Mancilla, Roxana Asenjo, Santiago Roberto, Sebastián
Lew, Solange Pino, Soledad Millas, Tamara Tolora,
Tomás Valdivieso, Vanessa Cayo, Yanett Mansilla
La Serena-Coquimbo, Chile
December, 2015 to April, 2016
Authors: Tamara Egger, Marion Frotzbacher,
Dominique Mashini, Andreas Hofer, Roland Krebs,
Peter Scheibstock, Tugyan Ertürk
Contributors: Alberto Dentice, Aldo Carpanetti,
Alejandra Vio G., Alejandra Viogorget, Alejandro
Orellana, Alejandro Torrejon, Ana Canihuante, Ana
Ordenes, Andrea Alfaro, Andrea Alfaro Muñoz, Andrea
Montoya, Angela Gómez, Benjamin Castro, Benjamín
Eyzaguirre Del Real, Bernardo Salinas, Bruno
Henriquez Barrera, Camilia Valencia, Camilo Miranda,
Carlos Galleguillos Castillo, Carlos Guerrero, Carlos
Zuleta, Cecilia Cortés, Célica Ramos, Claudia Acciri,
Claudia Maturana Pérez, Claudia Villagran Tapia,
Claudio Bouchette, Constanza Lagos, Cristian Muñoz,
Cristina Palacios F., Cristofher Diaz, Daniela Espoinoza,
Daniela Herrera, Daslar Bremer, Diego Morales,
Dionisio Cortes, Eduardo Lazo, Elia Iturrieta, Elier
Tabilo, Emiliana Flores, Enrique Rojas, Enrique Ulloa,
Eric Troncoso, Erwin Olguín, Eulogio Cortés, Evelyn
Ramos, Fabian Tejeda, Fabiola Machuca, Felicida
Melendez, Felipe Maldonado R., Felipe Mendez, Felipe
Sfeir, Felipe Vera, Fernando Rojas, Flabio Pastín,
Francisco Zamora, Frank Vicencio, Freddy Sepulveda,
Gemme Vasquez, Gloria Gonzalez, Gonzalo
Galleguillos, Hector Navarro, Hugo Barraza, Ignacio
Abé, Irene Machuca, Isadora Salas, Isaías Cortés, Isis
Sfeir, Jacqueline Ardiles, Jacqueline Ardiles G., Jaime
Cuevas, Jaime Jimenez Cortes, Jaime Mopreno, Jaime
Rivera, Jaime Villafaña, Jastin Muñoz, Javiera Lara,
Jesus Parra, Johan Rojas, Johan Rojas Guerra, Jorge
Figueroa, Jorge Ramirez L., Jorge Ramirez Lemus, Juan
Carlos Contreras, Juan Carlos Flores, Juan Carlos
Rojas, Juan Romero, Juan Sebastián Alcayaga
Claussen, Julia Molina, Julia Urbina, Julian Gómez
Brizuela, Karina Millán Pérez, Katherine Pasten, Laura
Kaikkonen, Luciano Silva, Luis Felipe Vera Benítez,
Luis Henriquez Gutierrez, Luis Martinez, Luis Vlada,
Lyzette György, Madeleine Fagalde, Marcela Soto,
Marcelo Fuenzalida, Marcelo Muñoz, Marcelo
Rivadeneira, Maria Godoy Silva, Maria Gomez, Maria
Inés Godoy, Maria Muñoz Reyes, Maria Ortiz, Maria
Pereira, Mario Neira, Marisol Leiva P., Martin Nicolas
Soulier Faure, Mauro López, Monserrat Cordero,
Nancy Olivares, Natalia López, Nelson Sepulveda,
Norman Letura, Olivia Fox, Pablo A. Oyanedel, Pablo
Alcayaga, Paloma Nuñez, Pamela Garay, Paola
Santander, Patricia Caceres, Patricia Pereira Céspedes,
Patricia Rios F., Patricio Barahona, Patricio Rubio L.,
Paula Martinez Vega, Pedro Castro, Pedro Pablo
Ugalde, Pedro Valencia Cortés, Pedro Zepeda, Ralph
Stintz, Raúl Dinamarca, Ricardo Vasquez, Rina Araya,
Roberto Geraldo, Rosa Leiva Letura, Rosa Olivares,
Rubén Castillo Ortiz, Rubi Manuela Martinez, Salvador
Gutierrez, Sebastian Bravo, Sebastián Lew, Sergio
Honores, Sergio Rojas, Soledad Garote, Tatiana
Cardenas, Utalszka Paleczek, Valeska Plaza Rivera,
Victor Bravo, Victor Pastén Marambio, Victor Prado,
Wilma Sanchez, Yolanda Rodriguez
Nassau, The Bahamas
October, 2015 to August, 2016
Authors: Roland Krebs, David Kostenwein, Sarah
Benton, Andreas Hofer, Daniela Sanjines, Arthur
Kanonier, Valaria Pintard-Flax, Andrés Blanco, Arturo
Samper, Peter Scheibstock, Marco Chavez, Vicky
Grijalva, Peter Scheibstock, Basilis Neururer, Vlad
Popa, Ida Jusic, Marina Mitrovic, Marlies Findening,
Philipp Stiassny, Johanna Lindinger, Romina Priesner
Contributors: Alina Schönhofer, Annalecia Prinder,
Anne-Catherine Kauffman, Anthony Jervis, Ashay
Dorsett, Athaliah Rampersaud, Athena Constintakis,
Breanne Grant, Brett Lashley, Camille Davis-
Thompson, Danielle Hutchinson, David Steinschaden,
Ellis Juan, Emmitt Francis, Errin Francis, Florian Baier,
Gilberto Chona, Helmut Schramm, Iva Shokoska,
Johnania Gardiner, Jordan Williams, Karin Stiefelmeyer,
357

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Outlook
Kendelynn Pennerman, Lafran Smith, Magdalena Süss,
Marga Jann, Maria Wasserburger, Matio Cleare,
Michelle Bereaux, Monika Eigert, Moritz Grabmayr,
Nicola Virgill-Rolle, Omar Adderley, Otis Cooper,
Pamela Burnside, Patricia Glinton-Meicholas,
Rosemary C. Hanna, Samantha Rolle, Sebastian
Hagedorn, Sigrid Ronacher, Stefanie Wagner,
Terrinique Bullard, Whitney Sturrup, Winston Von Engel
Goya, Argentina
March to July, 2016
Authors: Verena Schaidreiter, Miguel Lopez Solís,
Roland Krebs, Mariángeles Cotorruelo, Guillermo
Müller Videla, Dominique Mashini, Markus Tomaselli,
David Kostenwein
Contributors: Aldo Pucheta, Alejandro Fernández,
Alejandro Iribarren, Ángela Oviedo, Angélica Segovia,
Antonio Díaz, Antonio Rodríguez, Aurora Fernández,
Carlos López Soto, Carlos Pintos, Carlos Vázquez,
Claudia Ortiz, Daniel Benítez, Diego Núñez Brest,
Diego Rolón, Edgardo Insaurralde, Emilio Rodríguez,
Erwin Nosmor, Fabián Barrientos, Fabián González,
Florencia Bustelo, Francisco Descalzo, Francisco
López, Gabriela Ebel, Gabriela González, Gabriela
Tomasella, Gerardo Bassi, Gustavo Gabbiasi, Gustavo
Paz, Horacio Saucedo, Hugo Molinari, Hugo Pereyra,
Idalina Moreira, Iris Mussio, Iván Ramírez, Jorge
Sánchez, Jose Monzon, Juan Borghi, Juana Escobar,
Karina Ramírez, Luciana Guster, Luis Vicentin, Maira
Ruiz, Manuel Fernández, Manuel Fernández Angélica
Segovia, María José Pando, María Laura Fernández,
María Virginia Coria, Mariano Maciel, Martín Nicolás
Soulier Faure, Martin Soulier, Maximiliano Leguiza,
Miguel Gracco, Nicolás Villalba, Norma Beatriz Benítez,
Norma Benítez, Osvaldo Radío, Pablo Celes, Romina
Aparicio, Rosa Aranda, Santiago Grenón, Sebastián
Arriola, Sebastián Candia De Biasio, Sebastián Lew,
Silvia Fernandez, Soledad Pereto, Victor Arriola,
Violeta Sánchez, Walter Arizaga
Bahia Blanca, Argentina
March to July, 2016
Authors: Chistof Mathes, Valentin Hofer, Roland Krebs,
Dominique Mashini, Markus Tomaselli, David
Kostenwein, Emiliano Reale, Arrigo Reale, Isabella
Faggiano, Matias Llorens Mazzanti, Marina Taborda,
Federico Rudolf, Mariano Rudolf, Olga Wainstein, Alicia
Gerscovich
Contributors: Bernardo Stortoni, Constanza Rivas
Godio, Florencia Bustelo, Ignacio Fermín Caspe, Lucas
Tartara, Luis Pites, Martin Nicolas Soulier, Sebastián
Lew, Horacio Terraza
Mendoza, Argentina
February to June, 2017
Authors: Karolina Petz, Chisaki Melissa Guibo,
Álvaro De La Iglesia, Roland Krebs, Dominique
Mashini, Olga Wainstein, Alicia Gerscovich, Tamara
Egger, Katja Schechtner
Contributors: Ana Flores, Mariana Poskus, Martin
Nicolas Soulier,
Jujuy, Argentina
February to June, 2017
Authors: Soledad Di Croche, Roland Krebs, Dominique
Mashini, Katja Schechtner, Pablo Ávalos, Olga
Wainstein, Alicia Gerscovich, Tamara Egger
Contributors: Adriana Diaz, Lucía Barreto, Luciano
Córdoba, Mariana Poskus, Martin Nicolas Soulier
Quito, Ecuador
October, 2015
Authors: Roland Krebs, Markus Tomaselli, Christof
Mathes, Tamara Egger, Horacio Terraza
Contributors: Ana Carolina Mesías, Antonio Báez,
Beatriz A. Tazal Papa, Belén Molina, Blanca Rivadeneira
Auz, Carlos Balarezo, Catalina Lizarzaburo, Cristina
Loya, Dayana Chávez, Edwin Torres, Emily Miranda,
Fátima Marcillo, Frank Cortez, Ionana Fierro, Isabel
Delgado, Janna Lasso, Jean Pol Armijos, Jean-Pierre
Pantoja, José Gavilanes, Joyce Sotalín, Karina Paucar,
Karla Lucia Morales, Lorena Torres, Luis Buefe, Flor
Clle, Manuel Calle, María Agusta Cajas, Nadyezhol
Loza Munuz, Naika Mero Jiménez, Natalia Durán, Pablo
Maldonado Bravo, Patricio Zambrano Barragan, Paulo
Morales, Rocio Ayala Cevallos, Santiago Del Hierro
Kennedy, Sebastián Ricuarte, Sofía Camacho, Sonia
Rivadeneira Auz, Valeria Estrella
San José, Costa Rica
November, 2016 to October, 2017
Authors: Roland Krebs, Dominique Mashini, Emma
Grün, Marco Chavez, Teodolinda Molina, Melanie
Aichinger, Verena Tochtermann, Anton Falkeis, Katja
Schechtner, Federico Cartín, Wendy Molina, Josephine
Dusapin, Christof Mathes, Luis Diego Quirós Pacheco,
Dana Víquez-Azofeifa, José Vargas Hidalgo, Sabrina
Ehrenhöfer, Marina Mitrovic, Peter Scheibstock
Contributors: Alison Villalobos, Ana Gabriela Cruz
Herrera, Carolina Arias, Danny Araica, Eric Porras,
Gean Carlos Cerdas Vega, José Pablo Chavarría
González, Marcelo Madrigal, Marcia Garro Rojas,
Stefan Snedeker, Arie Itzhacki, Andres Badilla, Maria
Valentina Pérez, Yuliana Saavedra Hernández, Juan
Diego Castillo Cascante, María Elena Salas Suárez,
Valeria María Aragonés Salas, Jossie Aguilar
Cameronero, Fabian Antonio Escala Sanchez, Ricardo
Cifuentes Chacón, Stephan Reise Yglesias, Aurelia
Rodríguez Acuna, Ana Catalina Slon Ramírez, Susana
Wu, Carolina Vargas González, Allan Sánchez Urbina,
Diego Carrasco Ramírez, María José Chaves López,
Ricardo Rojas
Paramaribo, Suriname
June to October, 2017
Authors: Ida Jusic, Lisa Vlasak, Roland Krebs, Markus
Urban Design Lab—Project Teams
358

D
Outlook
Tomaselli, Marco Chavez, Tamara Egger
Contributors: Johan Martinus, Angelika Namdar, Bibi
Mustapha, Marten Schalkwijk, Femia Wesenhagen,
Adriana Smets, Chiara Vishnudatt, Dayenne Gesser,
Xaviera Vaseur, Dieuwke Cappaert, Dionne Gesser,
Doerwishen Gangapersad, Jenny Nizamali, Jiantie
Poeran, Karishma Piarisingh, Luciano Doest, Mairah
Tirtamenawi, Milton Ferdinand, Naven Ramdat, Nila
Autar, Ormildo Velland, Paresh Gena, Priscilla Alendy,
Yovanca Adjako, Renisha Ramkhelawan, Rohini
Briedjlal, Rugshaar Ishaak, Safoera Mohab-Ali, Vedanta
Baldewsingh, Aline De Bruyne, Lisa Molemans, Simone
Brunings
García, Juan Elias Rijo, Jasmine Marte, Carla Cabrera,
Camila Raful, Andy M. Suazo, Anirelys Rodriguez
Vargas, Ambar Mirambeaux, Abigail Alcántara Jimenez,
Heidi Gonzalez, Eimi Duarte, Albania Rodriguez,
Yennifer Dume, Samantha Fernandez, Hernan Vicco,
Isueli Ventura, Yamilet Gomez, Patricia Fadul, Audry
Rodriguez, Arabella Michelen, Genesis Javier, Heidi de
Moya, Virgilio Veras, Edward Moreta, Paola Luna
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
February to September, 2018
Authors: Bettina Plainer, Stefan Kasmanhuber, Tamara
Egger, Sarah Benton, Sharina Espinal, Roland Krebs,
Markus Tomaselli
Contributors: Monika Sanchez, Marcelle Martinez
Bonetti, Leidy Montero, Sina del Rosario, Annabel
Hiraldo, Luichy S. Diaz, Carlos Rolandry Sosa Baez,
Mabel de la Cruz Guerrero, Keisy Cid Vasquez, Karen
Judith Reyes Casado, Genesis Yudith Rosario Santiago,
Elvyn Ramos, Enmanuel Heredia Beard, Luis Rafael
Ortiz, Yasser N. Genao A, Sheila de la Rosa, Raul Duluc,
Milagros Cabrera, Maria Cabral, María Fernanda Uceta,
Lisbette T. Sanchez, Lia Sosa, Jose Enrique Marrero P.,
Indra Castillo, Gustavo Toribio, Glenmarie Soto, Evely
P. Peguero Arcángel, Marco Ant. Gomez, Daritza
Nicodemo, Michelle Valdez, Milé González, Teresa
Moreno, Gustavo Valdez, Amaya Guzman, Yolenny
Reyes Lizardo, Samael Sánchez De León, Scarlet
Sanchez, Sandra Medina Sánchez, Rosangélica
Valenzuela Olaverría, Rosalí Carmona Reynoso,
Mairene Santa Tapia, Mabeli Pujols Lantigua, Leyris S.
Ruiz Cuevas, Josue Rodriguez Kelly, Erinelsy Guzman
Figuereo, Emely L. Rosario Astacio, Jose Luis
Apolinario Moscoso, Hector Castillo, Ruth Meighen
Baez, Teofilo Vicente, Mara Jimenez, Sebastian
Lithgow, O’Brien Mora Diaz, María T. Méndez, Miguel
Santana, Johan Ant. Mejía Peralta, Jeremy Brayan Soto
Ferreira, Saulo Herrera Disla, Francina Alt. Castillo Gil,
Pavel E Guerrero, Maritza Estrella, Ysidro E. Santana J.,
Nicole Rijo Castro, Natalia Ulloa, Mayser Reyes
Montilla, Luis Rafael Morel, Josué Pimentel M.,
Katherine R. Ramos Ventura, John Rafael Zorrilla S,
Gilselys González Rosa, Genesis Droz, Enmanuel Mota,
Francesco Gravina, Belkis Rodriguez, Alejandro
Vazquez, Mabel Rivera, Jaxwell Gomez, Viviana
Ferraris, Vicmely Santos, Simona Vega, Paola Ayala
Camarena, Monserrat Felix, Nicole Herrera, Maria del
Pilar Carrasco, Shantal Jerez Cepeda, Elsa Maria
Garabito, Francis Frometa, Eduardo Amarante, Daniela
Pichardo, Claudia Gomez, Alejandra Rivas, Shaolin
Saint-Hilaire, Paloma Castillo, Melvin Martinez, Jose M.
Torres C., Laura E. Peña Bonnet, Kuinibel De La Cruz
Berroa, Kimberly Reyes G., Gianny Karina, Guerrero
359

San Jose, Costa Rica

Puerto Montt, Puerto Varas, Chile