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Continued from Page 24 Pump Efficiency Pump efficiency is defined as the ratio of water horsepower output from the pump to the shaft horsepower input for the pump. Water horsepower is determined by the flow rate and pressure delivered from the pumps. The shaft horsepower is delivered to the pump from the power unit. If a pump were 100 percent efficient, the mechanical horsepower input would be equal to the water horsepower output by the pump. Since no pump is 100 percent efficient, the mechanical horsepower input will be greater than the water horsepower output. Lower efficiencies can be due to energy losses caused by friction, leakages originating from pressure differentials within the pump case and losses due to more complex issues. A pump efficiency test measures flow, discharge pressure, well lift if applicable, and power use. The test can give an estimate of the overall efficiency of your pump and the cost of running it under conditions of the test. Efficiency of a pump is determined by two values: pump flow rate and total head. Total head is determined by measuring the distance from the water source to the output of the pump as well as the pressure the pump is producing at the outlet. Flow rate is the total water volume that passes through a fixed point over time. When to Test Bill Green, education manager at Center for Irrigation Technology said growers should schedule a pump efficiency test every two to four years with a qualified Pump Efficiency Tester. It should be done under normal operating conditions, when system flow and pressure are delivered the regular way for a grower. Green said many growers prefer to do deep well testing in the mid to late summer because aquifer water levels are at their lowest, reducing discharge pressure and flow to the irrigation system. Since the highest energy bills for irrigation are usually from June through August, that's the highest cost to pump water and the greatest need for high efficiency. However, pump testing can be done any time of year that represents normal pump run time. The grower should also have flow meters and pressure gauges to monitor the performance of the pump between efficiency tests, Green added. Knowing the efficiency of the pump is important because every pressurized irrigation system has a normal flow and pressure requirement, Green said. The pump should be designed to meet those conditions. At the same time, as it pertains to energy or electricity to power the pump, the highest efficiency design at those pressures and flows is important. A grower might be delivering the correct flow and pressure to the field, but if the pump impeller design isn't properly done, they still may be wasting energy. Also conditions change over time, pumps wear, and this all affects the output and efficiency of the pump. Pump Testing Isn't New Green said pump testing has been used for evaluating pumps all over the United States for many years. There are standards and government regulations that determine minimum efficiency on new equipment or retrofits but the farmer should check with their utility provider regarding energy efficiency programs for agricultural pumping. Both PG&E and Southern California Edison (SCE) in California offer pump testing programs. APEP has provided more than $3 million in incentives for 495 retrofit projects involving municipal, water agency and private pumping plants since 2006. To obtain a pump test, growers should contact the participating pump test company. A list can be found at the APEP website www.pumpefficiency.org. A signed agreement allowing access to the pump and a record of testing are required as proof to CPUC that the test was performed. The pump test company will provide the report and APEP will provide the subsidy to the test company. Only one test is available per pump every 23 months. The pump must be greater than 25 horsepower. The test provider must be able to measure the water level. The tests are not available for real estate transactions or to provide information to a government agency. The owner of the pump is responsible for knowing the cost for the test and if additional funds are needed above the program subsidy. Comments about this article? We want to hear from you. Feel free to email us at article@jcsmarketinginc.com 26 West Coast Nut <strong>May</strong> <strong>2019</strong>
STACK THE Onager Optek is no gamble when it comes to spider mite control. It controls the spider mite life cycle but is soft on beneficials. Onager Optek is labeled on a wide variety of crops, formulated here in the US, backed by technical expertise and international MRL support. For more information call Gowan or an authorized distributor. TIMING SPEED SURFACTANT RATE Onager OPTEK® and the donkey logo are registered trademarks of Gowan Company L.L.C. Always read and follow label directions. DECK with ONAGER OPTEK and best application practices TIME application before mites are at threshold SLOWer application SPEED to maximize spray distribution Use a SURFACTANT to improve coverage Use appropriate RATE for resistance management 800.883.1844
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