Barry Cunlife - The Scythians

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discovering the scythians1.18 The great relief carved into the cliff at Bisitun, Iran, shows a procession of captives being broughtbefore the triumphant Persian king Darius. The last in the line is Skuka, king of the Sakā, wearing a long,belted coat and trousers typical of nomad dress. His tall pointed hat was characteristic of the Sakā. (Seealso Fig. 2.4.)25
discovering the scythiansNUral MtsAstanacemeteriesmodern cityFILIPPOVKAUralAqtobeAralSeaK a r aSyr Dar’yat a u M tsTashkentLakeBalkhashAlmatyIliISSYKT i a nD z h u n g a r M tIl iV a l l e yS h a n M t ssTasimC aBasins p i a n S e aAmu Dar’yaPERSIAN EMPIREc.500 BCDushanbeAshgabat0 250 miles0 250km1.19 The map of the Central Asian steppe showing the expanse of the open steppe (in green) and some ofthe more significant Scythian burials.The Issyk burial is not alone. It lies in a region of particularly rich pasture—the Semireče (Seven-River region) between the Tian Shan Mountains and LakeBalkhash—where kurgans proliferate. They have been the subject of a systematicprogramme of excavation but most had been robbed in antiquity. The concentrationof kurgans does, however, show that the Semireče was a centre of nomad power inthe second half of the first millennium bc.A second region with an unusual concentration of kurgan burials lies at thesouthern end of the Ural Mountains between the Ural River and its tributary, theIlek. This is the vital corridor linking the Pontic steppe and the Kazakh steppe wherethe grassland narrows between the southern end of the Urals and the desert regionaround the Caspian. Among the many cemeteries examined by both Russian andKazakh workers, that of Filippovka in the Orenburg region, stands out. Excavations26
Page 2: the scythians
Page 5 and 6: Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox2
Page 7 and 8: prefacehistory exploring, with undi
Page 9 and 10: contentsviii
Page 11 and 12: discovering the scythiansinterest i
Page 13 and 14: discovering the scythians1.3 Peter
Page 15 and 16: discovering the scythiansmounds to
Page 17 and 18: discovering the scythiansÂantiquit
Page 19 and 20: discovering the scythians1.7 The ex
Page 22 and 23: discovering the scythians1.9 (Oppos
Page 24 and 25: discovering the scythiansKuban regi
Page 26 and 27: discovering the scythiansNChulymKur
Page 28 and 29: discovering the scythians1.16 The e
Page 30 and 31: After the Revolutiondiscovering the
Page 32 and 33: discovering the scythiansLate Bronz
Page 36: discovering the scythiansin 1986-90
Page 39 and 40: the scythians as others saw themlan
Page 41 and 42: the scythians as others saw themScy
Page 43 and 44: the scythians as others saw themThe
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Page 49 and 50: Mediterranean Sea0 500 milesPersian
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Page 65 and 66: the scythians as others saw them2.1
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Page 71 and 72: landscapes with people3.1 The lands
Page 73 and 74: landscapes with peopleThe steppe zo
Page 75 and 76: landscapes with peopletwo severe wi
Page 77 and 78: SeretBugDnieperlandscapes with peop
Page 79 and 80: landscapes with peopleSufficient wi
Page 81 and 82: landscapes with peopleMore direct e
Page 83 and 84: landscapes with peopleSrubnayaAndro
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landscapes with peopleskeletons fro
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landscapes with peopleAlongside the
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landscapes with people3.11 The elab
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landscapes with peopleBroadly conte
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predatory nomadshave tended to be i
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predatory nomads0Relative temperatu
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predatory nomads4.4 Tagar period br
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predatory nomads4.8 Bronze plaque i
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Deer stones (Olenniye Kami)Nsna iEl
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4.13 Plan and section of the Arzhan
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predatory nomads4.16 Bronze plaque
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predatory nomadsThe astonishing dis
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predatory nomadsan isolated later i
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Dnieperpredatory nomadssion no surp
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predatory nomadsbecoming the domina
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predatory nomadsies which concentra
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5THE RISE OF THE PONTICSTEPPE SCYTH
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the rise of the pontic steppe scyth
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crossing the carpathians6.1 Satelli
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crossing the carpathianslar materia
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crossing the carpathiansTransylvani
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DanubeOdercrossing the carpathiansB
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crossing the carpathiansnomads woul
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crossing the carpathians6.8 Large g
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crossing the carpathiansIt is not s
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crossing the carpathiansin its pred
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crossing the carpathians6.14 Detail
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crossing the carpathians6.16 Wooden
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scythians in central asiaThere is,
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scythians in central asiaAchaemenid
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7.4 Carpet made from knotted woolle
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scythians in central asiaIn another
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scythians in central asiawere proba
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scythians in central asiaAncient ri
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scythians in central asiaCemeteries
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scythians in central asia7.11 Recon
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A l tscythians in central asiaOb’
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7.16 Kurgan 5 at Pazyryk as it now
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scythians in central asiaby several
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scythians in central asia7.20 Recon
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scythians in central asiafrom the t
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scythians in central asiaChina duri
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8BODIES CLOTHEDIN SKINSDifferent ob
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bodies clothed in skinsmuch we can
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bodies clothed in skins8.2 Silver v
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bodies clothed in skinsleather, ano
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bodies clothed in skinsfelt legging
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bodies clothed in skinstight-fittin
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bodies clothed in skins8.10 Petrogl
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bodies clothed in skins8.12 Bronze
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bodies clothed in skinsits delicacy
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bodies clothed in skins8.15 Plaque
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bodies clothed in skinsThis usually
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bodies clothed in skinsThe large he
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bodies clothed in skins8.20 Man pla
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9BENDING THE BOWOne of the characte
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bending the bowtheir bodies with a
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bending the bow9.1a/b Two scenes fr
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bending the bow9.4 Saddle cover fro
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bending the bowA Pazyryk horse comp
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bending the bow9.9 The Scythian bow
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bending the bowParthians—the Part
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bending the bow9.15 (Right) The sil
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bending the bow9.18 Iron battleaxe
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bending the bowon the Gaymanova mog
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bending the bowof such intricacy wo
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bending the bowmake them more comfo
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bending the bowThe burial is remark
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bending the bowbare-headed foot sol
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bending the bowRealizing at the out
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bending the bowtime to time with th
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bending the bow9.28 Detail from a g
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bending the bowthe introduction of
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of gods, beliefs, and artof the sch
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of gods, beliefs, and arthearth. Th
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of gods, beliefs, and artwould have
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of gods, beliefs, and artsacred gol
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.2 (Left
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of gods, beliefs, and artImages of
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.8 Gilde
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.10 Deta
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.13 Gold
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.14 Petr
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.20 Deta
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of gods, beliefs, and art10.22 Leat
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11THE WAY OF DEATHDuring the human
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the way of deathtism. Another backw
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the way of deaththis is clearly not
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the way of deathThe ProcessionsIn t
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the way of death11.3 (Right) Kurgan
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the way of death11.5 Kurgan 4 at Pa
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shaft 1the way of deathTOLSTAYA MOG
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the way of death11.8 The Elizavetin
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the way of deathIn relishing the de
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the way of deathThe Massagetae had
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scythians in the longue duréetion
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A l176 -160 bcYuezhi 140 -135 bcSak
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scythians in the longue durée12.2
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scythians in the longue duréeBospo
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scythians in the longue duréeOn tw
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scythians in the longue duréeAs th
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scythians in the longue duréeunend
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SNVolgaUralAlans c.370Hun area of s
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gallery of objects
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1 The Kul’-Oba gold beakergallery
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2 Chastye Kurgany beakergallery of
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3 Gaymonova mogila cupgallery of ob
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4 Solokha cupgallery of objects(Sta
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5 Solokha combgallery of objects(St
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6 Perederiieva mogila helmetgallery
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7 Solokha gorytosgallery of objects
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8 Sachnovka diademgallery of object
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9 Tolstaya mogila pectoralgallery o
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10 The Chertomlÿk amphoragallery o
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timeline
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Asia Minor Central Asia Altai-Sayan
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scythian kings and dynastiesDynasti
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further readingClassical TextsIn th
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further reading116-47. The creation
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further readingArchaeology’, Worl
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further readingwriters as ‘noble
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further readingThe impact of horse-
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further reading7 (2001), 307-39 he
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further reading2007), 135-44 and in
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further reading(pp. 368-70). These
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further reading‘Tuva during the S
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further reading(Cambridge, 2011), 7
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further readingScythes (Hérodote 4
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further readingobryadnost’ nasele
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illustr ation sourcesMaps were prod
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illustration sources5.7 Author: mul
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illustration sourcesКаталог
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INDEXNote: numbers in bold refer to
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coiled feline motif, Scythian 284-5
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bone cheek pieces, Karasukperiod 77
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wall hanging 213, 243, 280, 280wool
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horse burials, Arzhan 1 95-8horse g
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Barry Cunlife - The Scythians

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