Foreign Cooperating Institutions - Institute of Inorganic Chemistry ...

PREFACE
This report covers a three-year period of the “life” at the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
(IIC) of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS). In this time span many important events
took place which in some sense formed the present status of the Institute. First of all, the
Institute together with all 55 research institutes of the Slovak Academy of Sciences underwent
an international accreditation process in 2007. The final ranking of the Accreditation
Committee based on the report of international panel and approved by the Presidium of SAS
was for IIC SAS very positive since we were appointed as an “Institution of Category A* ” .
This means that our Institute belongs to the best research institutes in the Slovak Academy of
Sciences. This status of IIC SAS was yearly confirmed at the internal evaluation of the
institutes of SAS belonging to Section II. of SAS. Among 22 research institutions in this
section, our Institute never finished worse than on the second position.
In the period covered, several Institutes’ research teams achieved distinguished awards
and honours. Two teams were awarded by the “Award of the Slovak Academy of Sciences”,
which is the highest scientific award conferred by the Presidium of SAS. One title “Scientist
of the Year in the Slovak Republic” was conferred to an Institute’s representative; two
scientists were awarded by the “Prize of the Slovak Literary Fund” for the highest number of
citations of their publications in last three years. Our PhD student was appointed “The Head
of the Year” and “The Student Personality of the Year”.
Several Institute members were invited to contribute to scientific books published by
respectable scientific publishers. Our researchers presented more than 50 invited lectures at
the international symposia/conferences all over the world.
The Institute was involved in three FP6 projects. Two Centres of Excellence of the
Slovak Academy of Sciences were established on the board of the Institute and two research
groups got involved in the Centres of Excellence supported by the Slovak Research and
Development Agency. The proposal for the “Centre for Materials, Layers and Systems for the
Applications and Chemical Processes in the Extreme Environments” in the frame of the
Structural Funds of the European Union was successfully submitted and approved in
December 2008. Consequently, the Vice-premier of the Slovak government appointed our
Institute the Centre of Excellence for the period of 2009 – 2013.
1

This Triannual report includes the most important activities of the Institute in both basic
and applied research during the period of 2006 to 2008. The structured budget development,
running projects, organized meetings, invited guests are included in this report together with
all important events and milestones. We are offering the reader a comprehensive overview of
the Institute covering the three-year period in order to provide a chance to recognize the
trends in the Institutes’ development.
Finally, let me express my sincere thanks to Dr. Jana Madejová who compiled this report
and also to Dr. Peter Komadel and Prof. Jozef Noga for the corrections and proofreading of
the manuscript.
2

CONTENT
STRUCTURE OF THE INSTITUTE OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY..................................5
INSTITUTE REPRESENTATIVES.......................................................................................6
DIRECTOR OF IIC............................................................................................................6
MANAGEMENT BOARD.................................................................................................6
SCIENTIFIC BOARD........................................................................................................6
ECONOMY AND SERVICES SECTION..........................................................................7
INSTITUTE STAFF...........................................................................................................7
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE IIC SCIENCE..................................................................................8
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OF THE INSTITUTE...............................................................19
1. CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE / NATIONAL CENTRES........................................19
2. RESEARCH PROJECTS..........................................................................................20
3. SCIENTIFIC OUTPUT............................................................................................24
4. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ORGANIZED BY THE INSTITUTE...........24
5. INTERNATIONAL FELLOWSHIPS.......................................................................25
6. LECTURES DELIVERED BY THE GUESTS OF THE INSTITUTE......................26
7. INVITED LECTURES DELIVERED BY THE MEMBERS OF THE INSTITUTE 26
8. AWARDS AND HONOURS....................................................................................31
9. DEFENDED PhD. THESIS......................................................................................34
10. MEMBERS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARDS..........................................................35
11. COOPERATION WITH INDUSTRY.......................................................................36
12. RESEARCH FUNDING...........................................................................................37
13. EVENTS...................................................................................................................38
IIC SAS DEPARTMENTS...................................................................................................43
DEPARTMENT OF CERAMICS.....................................................................................45
DEPARTMENT OF HYDROSILICATES.......................................................................51
DEPARTMENT OF MOLTEN SYSTEMS......................................................................57
DEPARTMENT OF THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY.......................................................63
VITRUM LAUGARICIO (VILA)....................................................................................69
3

STRUCTURE OF THE INSTITUTE OF
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
5

INSTITUTE REPRESENTATIVES
Prof. RNDr. Pavol Šajgalík, DrSc.
Secretary
(as per December 2008)
DIRECTOR OF IIC
phone:
e-mail:
Zdena Kapišinská phone:
fax:
e-mail:
web:
Deputy Director
MANAGEMENT BOARD
Ing. Miroslav Boča, PhD. phone:
e-mail:
Chairman of the Scientific Board
RNDr. Peter Komadel, DrSc. phone:
e-mail:
Secretary for Science
RNDr. Jana Madejová, DrSc. phone:
e-mail:
Secretary for Education
Ing. Miroslav Hnatko, PhD. phone:
e-mail:
SCIENTIFIC BOARD
Chairman Vice-chairman
6
+421 2 59410 400
pavol.sajgalik@savba.sk
+421 2 59410 401
+421 2 59410 444
uachsekr@savba.sk
http://www.uach.sav.sk
+421 2 59410 490
miroslav.boca@savba.sk
+421 2 59410 464
peter.komadel@savba.sk
+421 2 59410 406
jana.madejova@savba.sk
+421 2 59410 415
miroslav.hnatko@savba.sk
RNDr. Peter Komadel, DrSc. RNDr. Jana Madejová, DrSc.
Institute members External members
Ing. Miroslav Boča, PhD. Prof. Ing. Pavel Fellner, DrSc.
RNDr. Juraj Bujdák, Dr. Prof. Ing. Marek Liška, DrSc.
Doc. Ing. Dušan Galusek, PhD. Prof. RNDr. Jozef Noga, DrSc.
Dr. Vladimír Malkin, DrSc.
Ing. Zoltán Lenčéš, PhD.

Economy
ECONOMY AND SERVICES SECTION
Ing. Ján Piško, head phone:
e-mail:
Ing. Judita Lilová
e-mail:
Jaromíra Dankovičová
e-mail:
Anna Kovárová
e-mail:
Iveta Bouadjenak
e-mail:
Services
Ján Maraffko mechanical workshop
Jozef Sitár supply
Alexandra Tonkovičová library
Dana Matejkinová
Terezia Pírová
INSTITUTE STAFF
7
+421 2 59410 458
jan.pisko@savba.sk
judita.lilova@savba.sk
jaromira.dankovicova@savba.sk
anna.kovarova@savba.sk
iveta.bouadjenak @savba.sk
2006 2007 2008
Researchers 40 41 46
Technical Staff 21 22 24
Administration 7 6 6
Supporting Staff 5 5 5
Institute Staff Total 73 74 81
Average age (years) 46 43 43
PhD. Students 10 8 4

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE IIC SCIENCE
The scientific activity of the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry is concentrated to the
fundamental, applied and industry oriented research of the inorganic systems suitable for
design of new materials and/or technologies. Presented in the following pages are brief
summaries of recent scientific highlights.
New theoretical approaches for relativistic calculations of NMR
parameters for compounds containing heavy elements
M. Repiský, S. Komorovský, P. Hrobárik, O. L. Malkina, V. G. Malkin
An accurate prediction of electronic structure and properties of compounds containing heavy
elements obligatorily requires inclusion of relativistic effects into consideration. It means that
instead of working with the Schrödinger equation one has to deal (in one way or other) with
the Dirac equation extended for treatment of many-electron systems. Nowadays it becomes a
common point that relativity has an especially immense effect on NMR shielding tensor and
indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling constants (SSCC). Often calculations of those properties
serve as a very delicate probe to test different ways of treating relativistic effects and the basis
set quality. Lately we succeeded in the development of new relativistic four-component
density functional approach based on the use of restricted magnetically balanced basis
(mDKS-RMB) for calculations of NMR shielding [1]
and indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling constants [2]. The
unperturbed equations are solved with the use of a
restricted kinetically balanced basis set for the small
component, while to solve the second-order coupled
perturbed DKS equations a restricted magnetically
balanced basis set for the small component is applied.
The method provides an attractive alternative to existing
approximate two-component methods with transformed
Hamiltonians for relativistic calculations of spin-spin
coupling constants of heavy-atom systems. In particular,
no picture-change effects arise in our method for
property calculations. Pilot benchmark relativistic
calculations show a high reliability of the mDKS-RMB
methods. Recently, this method was extended to include
GIAO (Gauge Including Atomic Orbitals) formalism.
Our new method increases the accuracy in calculations
of NMR and EPR parameters of compounds containing
even as heavy elements as lanthanides or actinides.
Further information: V. Malkin:
vladimir.malkin@savba.sk
1. Komorovský S., Repiský M., Malkina O. L., Malkin V. G., Malkin Ondik I., Kaupp M.: J. Chem.
Phys. 128, 104101-1-104101-15, 2008
2. Repiský M., Komorovský S., Malkina O. L., Malkin V. G.: Chem. Phys. 356, 236-242, 2009
8

A model study of dickite intercalated with formamide
and N-methylformamide
E. Scholtzová, Ľ. Benco, D. Tunega
The study of bonding of small molecules within the interlayer space of clay minerals
enhances the understanding of the intercalation process and formation of contacts between
intercalated molecule and host matrix. Local geometry and orientation of intercalated
molecules of formamide (FA) and N-methylformamide (NMFA) in the clay mineral dickite
(D) was studied by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Ten
configurations with different orientation of the intercalated molecule were investigated for
both D_FA (Fig. 1a) and D_NMFA intercalates. Four groups of relaxed structures sorted by
the calculated total electronic energy were found in both cases (Fig. 1b). The experimental
geometry of the D_FA intercalate was denoted as the most stable structure from the
investigated models. The differences in the total electronic energy of all D_FA configurations
are within the interval of ~92 kJ/mol. Formamide forms intercalates specifically and a close
relation between the orientation of the FA molecules in the interlayer space and the stability
of a particular configuration has been observed. On the other hand, N-methylformamide
forms intercalated structures non-specifically. Small differences in the total energy, not larger
than 18 kJ/mol, are observed for different orientations of the NMFA molecules The
reorientation of the intercalated molecules has only a small effect on the stabilization of the
D_NMFA intercalate what is in contrast with the D_FA intercalate. It was also observed that
the experimental D_NMFA configuration is not the most stable. A small variation of the total
electronic energy of different configurations correlates with small changes of the orientation
of the dipole moment of the intercalated NMFA molecule.
Structure model of D-FA intercalate (left); Calculated relative energies for ten model configurations
of the D_FA and D_NMFA intercalates. (right)
Further information: E. Scholtzová: eva.scholtzova@savba.sk
Scholtzová E., Benco Ľ.,Tunega D.: Phys. Chem. Miner. 35, 299-309, 2008
9

Organoclays and their applications
J. Hrachová, Ľ. Jankovič, P. Komadel, J. Madejová, H. Pálková
Montmorillonites (MMT), the main minerals in bentonites belonging to smectite group, are
often used in many industrial applications, either in their natural form or after appropriate
modification. Natural smectites with inorganic exchangeable cations, e.g. Ca 2+ or Na + , and
their high affinity to water gives rise to hydrophilic character of smectite surface.
Replacement of inorganic by organic (alkylammonium) cations changes the clay mineral
surfaces to more hydrophobic. Final properties of organo-modified MMTs (organoclays)
depend on their layer charge, the type of the organic cation used; the cation/clay mineral ratio,
etc. For such materials higher stability upon mechanochemical or acid treatment was observed
[1,2]. Montmorillonites in their natural forms are considered ineffective adsorbents of nonpolar
organic compounds polluting frequently surface water because these compounds cannot
effectively compete with highly polar water for adsorption sites on smectite surfaces.
However, after exchange with organic cations with long alkyl chains adsorption on the
smectites has been impressive. On the other side, smectite
modified with small alkylammonium cations did not display
much better adsorption abilities compared to their natural
forms. Improvement was achieved only for low charged
smectites. Nowadays, montmorillonite is the most widely used
clay mineral as nanofiller because of its cation-exchange
capacity and large active surface area when sufficiently
delaminated. The layer thickness is ~1 nm, while the lateral
dimensions of the layers vary up to several microns or even
more, i.e. at least one dimension of the filler is in the
nanometer range. Of particular interest is recently developed
nanocomposite technology consisting of interactions of a
polymer with an organoclay [3] Alkylammonium or
alkylphosphonium cations in the organoclays lead to a
decrease of the surface energy of the inorganic host and
improve the wetting of the filler surface by polymer matrix,
resulting in larger interlayer spacing. Additionally, these
cations can provide functional groups that may react with the
polymer matrix, or even initiate the polymerization of
monomers to improve interactions on the interface between
the inorganic and the polymer matrix and to advance beneficial
properties of nanocomposites.
10
Configuration of organic
cations within interlayers
of smectites
Further information: J. Hrachová: jana.hrachova@savba.sk
1. Hrachová J., Madejová J., Billik P., Komadel P., Fajnor V.Š.: J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 316, 589–595,
2007
2. Madejová J., Pálková H., Pentrák M., Komadel P.: Clays Clay Miner. 57, 392-403, 2009
3. Hrachová J., Komadel P., Chodák I.: J. Mat. Sci. 43, 2012–2017, 2008

Molecular energy transfer in the systems based on layered silicates
and organic dyes
J. Bujdák, A. Czímerová, A. Čeklovský
The formation of supramolecular assemblies of cationic dyes was observed in colloids and
films of layered silicates. The distribution of dye molecules influenced the phenomenon of
energy transfer upon the excitation with visible light. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicated the
intermolecular interactions based on a non-radiant energy transfer taking place between
isolated dye cations and the supramolecules. For example, the energy transfer in a few
nanometers’ scale was directly proven for more complex systems composed of two different
dyes: oxazine and rhodamine. Molecules of rhodamine took a role of molecular antennas
absorbing green light (λ=500-520 nm). Light absorption was accompanied with a non-radiant
energy transfer to the molecules of the second dye, oxazine. The transfer was detected as a
quenching of the light emission from the rhodamine (580 nm) in favour of the red light
luminescence from oxazine (near 635 nm). Oxazine had not been directly excited by green
light, and did not emit in rhodamine absence. The phenomenon shows how inorganic layered
materials can be used to mediate the transfer of electromagnetic energy between adsorbed dye
cations. The energy transfer yields were influenced by the distances between interacting
molecules, which depended on the layer charge density of the silicate. These results could
contribute to the development of novel types of hybrid materials potentially useful for laser or
optical technologies.
Scheme showing RET processes in the hybrids based on fluorescent dyes adsorbed on the
surface of layered silicate particles. Using a suitable silicate and an optimal composition of
the hybrids, quenching by molecular aggregates (left) can be minimized in favour of the
energy transfer leading to the emission from the energy acceptor (right).
Further information: J. Bujdák: juraj.bujdak@savba.sk
1. Bujdák J., Iyi N.: Chem. Mater. 18, 2618-2624, 2006
2. Czímerová A., Bujdák J., Iyi N.: J. Photoch. Photob. A 187, 160-166, 2007
11

Utilization of Slovak bentonites in environmental protection
S. Andrejkovičová, P. Komadel, J. Madejová, M. Pentrák
Pollution of the environment by toxic pollutants is a serious problem of present days.
Bentonites are nano-sized materials utilized in isolating layers of waste dumps due to their
excellent sealing properties. Among different types of barriers geosynthetic clay liners
(GCLs) are often used to minimize contaminant transport from waste disposal sites. GCLs are
factory fabricated thin layers, where bentonite is incorporated between geotextiles or bonded
to a geomembrane. Bentonites are composed mainly of montmorillonite, the most common
mineral of the smectite group. Chemical composition of montmorillonite, its sorption and
swelling capacity and stability in acid or alkali solutions significantly affect the utilization of
bentonite. In Slovakia Al-rich bentonite from Jelšový Potok (JP) deposit and Fe-rich bentonite
from Lieskovec (L) deposit are extensively investigated for their application in environment
protection. Basic geotechnical properties such as liquid and plasticity limit, free swelling and
permeability coefficient were
determined to ascertain if
bentonite from Lieskovec can
be used for GCL applications.
The permeability coefficients
of the order of 10 -11 m.s -1
suggested possible suitability
of this bentonite for GCLs;
however, other geotechnical
properties provided insufficient
values. Therefore the blends of
L-bentonite and JP-bentonite
with ratios 65:35, 75:25, 85:15
were prepared and tested. After
natrification of the blends all
Scheme of geosynthetic clay liner with bentonite filler
geotechnical parameters markedly improved compared to L-bentonite. Properties of the
mixtures containing 65 mass % of Na-L and 35 mass % of Na-JP bentonite were above those
required for bentonites used in GCL for reliable protecting of the environment.
Interactions of acid or alkali solutions with bentonites can significantly affect their
properties and, consequently, theirutilization in GCLs. For example, acid attack on bentonites
results in gradual damage of montmorillonite layers and formation of a protonated amorphous
silica phase. The IR spectroscopy in the near region was found to be a simple, fast and very
powerful method to follow structural changes occurring upon clay minerals dissolution in
inorganic acids. The OH overtone band at 7312 cm -1 revealed the creation of the Si-OH
groups even in the mildly-treated samples of L-bentonite. Similar changes observed in the
NIR spectra of different clay minerals confirm that the mechanism of the clay minerals
dissolution in inorganic acids is the same regardless of the structural arrangement and
chemical composition of the mineral.
Further information: S. Andrejkovičová: slavka.andrejkovicova@savba.sk
1. Andrejkovičová S., Rocha F., Janotka I., Komadel P.: Geotext. Geomembranes 26, 436-445, 2008
2. Madejová J., Pentrák M., Pálková H., Komadel P.: Vib. Spectrosc. 49, 211–218, 2009
12

Ceramics nano-composites for the high temperature applications
P. Šajgalík, Š. Lojanová, M. Hnatko, Z. Lenčéš
Silicon nitride based nano-composites
containing silicon carbide nanoinclusions
were prepared by in situ
reactions at the temperature of sintering.
Different rare-earth oxides (RE = La,
Nd, Sm, Y, Yb, Lu) were used as
sintering additives. SiC nano-inclusions
were formed by carbothermal reduction
of intentionally added fine SiO2. Dense
Si3N4/SiC nano-composites have
exceptional mechanical properties,
especially high temperature creep
resistance. Composite prepared by
addition of lutetia has a creep rate
1.6 x 10 –9 s –1 at 1350 °C and 100 MPa
loading.
This value is much lower than the
average values of creep rate
commercially available materials and
predetermines this nano-composite for
the high-temperature applications in
extreme conditions. Interestingly also
room temperature properties of this
nano-composite were reasonably high.
Lutecia containing nano-composite has
the highest hardness (17.6 ± 0.5 GPa),
quite high fracture toughness (5.0 ± 0.2
MPa⋅m 1/2 ) and strength (652 ± 56 MPa).
All these properties predetermine this
nano-composite for the applications in
extreme conditions, e.g. material for
ceramic glow plug is one of the
possibilities.
Further information: P. Šajgalík: pavol.sajgalik@savba.sk
1. Šajgalík P., Hnatko M., Lenčéš Z., Dusza J., Kašiarová M.: Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 3, 41-46,
2006
2. Šajgalík P, Hnatko M., Lojanová Š., Lenčéš Z., Pálková H., Dusza J.: Int. J. Mater. Res. 97, 772-
777, 2006
3. Dusza J., Kašiarová M., Vysocká A., Špaková J., Šajgalík P.: High Temp. Mater. Process. 26, 7-
16, 2007
13
SiC nano-
inclusions
1µm
Microstructure of Si3N4/SiC nano-composites
Deformation/creep of prepared lutecia doped ceramic
nano-composite is almost negligible comparing to the
deformation

Low cost SiAlON from hydrosilicates with high hardness
and good corrosion resistance
J. Křesťan, T. Plachký, Z. Lenčéš, Z. Pánek, P. Šajgalík
Raw hydrosilicate materials (pyrophyllite and kaoline supplied by Envigeo, Inc. Slovakia)
were used for the preparation of cheap β-SiAlON ceramics. Conversion of hydrosilicates to
powder precursors (Si3N4 and AlN) was carried out by carbothermal reduction and nitridation
(CRN) process. The preparation of powder precursor from raw materials by CRN with
defined phase and chemical composition, which can be transformed to β-SiAlONs at higher
temperatures, depends on the temperature, time, gas flow rate in the reactor, particle size of
reactants and the construction of reactor. All processing parameters were optimized
experimentally for both starting powders, i.e. pyrophyllite and kaoline.
The powder precursors were mixed with an appropriate amount of Al2O3 yielding β-
SiAlON with the z-value of 3.7 (in the general formula Si6-zAlzOzN8-z) after hot pressing in a
graphite resistance furnace at 1750°C for 2 hours in nitrogen atmosphere. Reference β-
SiAlON was prepared for a comparison from the mixture of commercial powders (AlN,
Al2O3, and Si3N4) under the same sintering conditions. The mechanical properties of kaoline
derived β-SiAlON are similar to the reference SiAlON with a Vickers hardness (HV1) of
15.5 GPa and fracture toughness (KIC) of 4.5 MPa⋅m 1/2 . β-SiAlON prepared from pyrophyllite
exhibits the best mechanical properties (HV1 = 18.4 GPa, K1C = 5.5 MPa⋅m 1/2 ).
The corrosion behaviour of prepared β-SiAlONs
was tested in molten steel, molten aluminium and
relative fluoride and chloride fluxes used in the
aluminium metallurgy. The corrosion layer in
hydrosilicate-derived β-SiAlONs after tests in molten
steel is two times thicker compared to reference
material, but the service life is still three times longer
compared to the commonly used alumina based
materials. Moreover, all the prepared β-SiAlONs
exhibit excellent corrosion resistance against molten
chlorides and aluminium. The corrosion resistance of
β-SiAlONs (with high z-value) against molten
fluorides is also acceptable. The results show that
these relatively cheap hydrosilicate-derived β-
SiAlONs can be applied in the aluminium and steel
industry.
14
Ceramic part for steel-making
ladles prepared from pyrophyllite
precursor
Further information: Z. Lenčéš: zoltan.lences@savba.sk
1. Křesťan J., Pritula O., Smrčok Ľ., Šajgalík P., Lenčéš Z., Wannberg A., Monteverde F.: J. Eur.
Ceram. Soc. 27, 2137-2143, 2007
2. Plachký T., Křesťan J., Korenko M., Medri V., Lenčéš Z., Šajgalík P.: J. Ceram. Soc. Japn. 117,
482-488, 2009

High temperature liquids: Specialized equipments for measuring
of molten fluoride salts
M. Boča, M. Kucharík, M. Korenko, B. Kubíková, F. Šimko, Ľ. Smrčok
Inorganic melts based on fluoride salts are extremely corrosive; investigation of their
properties meets with remarkable technical problems. We have succeeded in implementation
of modern techniques for research of microscopic properties through collaboration with
internationally accessible laboratories. Macroscopic properties, such as phase equilibria,
thermodynamic quantities, density, viscosity and interfacial and surface tension were
measured using commercially inaccessible equipment for research prepared and build in our
laboratories.
Highly time consuming experiments provide important data mainly for industrial
applications. However, conclusions based solely on these results on processes occurring in
molten systems lack direct prove, they need further support. It was achieved via
implementation of new techniques like Rapid Solidification Processing and diffraction
experiments using neutron and synchrotron radiation. This approach of the team and the
results obtained were honoured by the Slovak Academy of Sciences Award in 2008.
Neutron diffraction detector – Hahn-Meitner-Institut – Berlin
Further information: M. Boča: miroslav.boca@savba.sk
Korenko M., Kucharík M., Janičkovič D.: Chem. Pap. 62, 219-222, 2008
15

High temperature liquids: Nanotubes formed from rapidly cooled
melts of alumina saturated cryolite
M. Kucharík, M. Korenko, B. Kubíková, F. Šimko
So-called Rapid Solidification Processing (RPS) was used to obtain more information on
the structure of deeply undercooled cryolite-alumina melts. It involved a rapid quenching of
the melt by cooling rate of ~10 6 K.s -1 . The RSP is more frequently used in a different field of
material engineering - for preparation of special amorphous materials such as glassy metals of
interesting properties. Cryolite and alumina are the main constituents of the electrolytes in the
industrial production of aluminium by the Hall-Héroult process. SEM analysis has shown an
additional feature of RPS application. The mass of nanotubes on the surface of so prepared
undercooled melts mainly on the randomly shaped aggregates was observed. These nanotubes
having usually a square shape in cross-section were preferentially located on the defect places
of the surface with approximate dimensions of the base ~100 x 100 nm and the length ~1000
nm. HR-TEM and EDX analyses of a lamella cut out of the prepared aggregates indicated that
cryolite alone formed these nanotubes. However, alumina evidently played some role in the
process of crystallization of the nanotubes since no similar features were observed on the
surface of pure cryolite samples. Further investigation is in progress.
Nanotubes formed from rapidly cooled melts of alumina saturated cryolite
Further information: M. Korenko: michal.korenko@savba.sk
Korenko M., Kucharík M., Vincenc Oboňa J., Janičkovič D., Córdoba R., De Teresa J.M., Kubíková
B.: Helv. Chim. Acta 91, 1389-1399, 2008
16

Laboratory-scale examination of foam formation and its stability
during E-glass melting
M. Liška, J. Kraxner, R. Klement
In the frame of the project APVV20-P06405 “Optimization of E-glass melting” the Joint
Glass Centre Vitrum Laugaricio developed experimental equipment for laboratory-scale
examination of foam formation and its stability during glass batch melting. In cooperation
with the glassworks Johns Manville Slovakia (JMS), Inc., Trnava the formation and stability
of foam during melting of E-glass batch was investigated. The essence of industrial scale
experiment performed in the glassworks JMS comprised the modification of the glass batch –
gradual replacement of boric acid with colemanite. Simultaneously, the stability of foam
during glass batch melting was investigated under reproducible and constant conditions in
laboratory, which facilitated separation of the influence of the replacement of boric acid with
colemanite from other process parameters. Laboratory tests indicated statistically significant
trend of decreasing of the foam stability when boric acid was replaced with colemanite. The
results allowed the increase of melting capacity without impairing the quality of produced Efibers.
Development of foam amount in dependence of time. Red line shows the surface of glass
melt.
Further information: M. Liška: Liska@tnuni.sk
17

Transparent armours with enhanced ballistic resistance
D. Galusek, M. Michálková, J. Sedláček, P. Švančárek
The cooperation of the Joint Glass Centre Vitrum Laugaricio with the partners from Czech
Republic, Russia and Ukraine in development of transparent ceramic ballistic protections was
focused on research and development of transparent alumina-based materials with excellent
mechanical properties. The principal problem addressed by the project was the development
of practical material, technological, and construction solutions of a new generation of
transparent armour systems with a protection capacity against AP small calibre ammunition
(7,62 x 51 AP) comparable to recently produced thick layered armour concepts made of
strengthened float glass at simultaneous significant reduction of weight and thickness. The
result is the solution of layered armour system with ultra hard impact layers made of sapphire
single crystal, which at the total thickness of 60 mm provides the same level of ballistic
protection as a layered glass of the thickness 120 - 140 mm. The armour has been successfully
tested at the certified shooting range in Slavicin, Czech Republic, and earned the certificate
for the Level 3 protection according to the STANAG 4569 standard.
Fig. 1 Sample of bullet proof window with
surface sheet made of sapphire single
crystal. The sample was exhibited at the
presentation of accomplishments of the
NATO scientific programmes at NATO
headquarters in Brussels and at the IDET
trade fair in Brno.
Further information: D. Galusek: Galusek@tnuni.sk
Fig. 2 Protective shutters on the tested
transparent armour. A network of cracks can be
seen after the second hit with an AP bullet with
ultra hard WC core. The armour successfully
defeated three hits with the AP bullet with
impact velocity 930 m/s. Such bullet can pierce
a 20 mm thick steel armour.
18

SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OF THE
INSTITUTE
1. CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE / NATIONAL CENTRES
• Centre of excellence of SAS: NANOSMART – Centre of the nanostructured
materials; coordinator from IIC: Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.; 2007 – 2010. The aim
of the centre is to conduct research and development of advanced materials, mainly
aluminium based metallic alloys, ceramic high-temperature superconductors and ceramic
engineering materials with respect to their structure on the nanolevel.
• Centre of excellence of SAS: COMCHEM – Centre for advanced computational
chemistry; principal coordinator from IIC: Prof. RNDr. J. Noga, DrSc.; coordinator from
IIC: Dr. V. Malkin, DrSc.; 2007 – 2010. The purpose of the centre is to improve the
effectiveness and the quality of the research covering a broader spectrum of specific
interests – from the development of new, progressive methods for highly accurate
calculations of molecules, through applications of such methods in determining the
structure, properties and reactivity of small to middle size molecules, to molecular
mechanics studies of polymer aggregation or modeling of the condensed phase focused to
materials research.
• Centre of excellence of APVV: MEPA – Magnetoactivity, electroactivity and
photoactivity of coordination compounds; VVCE-0004-07; coordinator from IIC: Dr.
O. Malkin, DrSc.; 2008 – 2011. The aim of the centre is to prepare new inorganic
materials, to characterize their composition, structure, and electronic structure, to identify
their magnetic, electric and optical properties, to interpret these properties at the
contemporary level of theories, and eventually to shift the theory to a higher level, with
the final target not only to describe, but also to understand the mentioned properties and
processes from the polyfunctional point of view.
• Centre of excellence of APVV: SOLIPHA – Research and education centre of
excellence for solid phase research focused on nanomaterials, environmental
mineralogy and material science; VVCE-0033-07; coordinator from IIC: RNDr. P.
Komadel, DrSc.; 2008 – 2011. The principal objective of the research within the centre is
the investigation of solid phases at the micro- and nano-levels. The research is focused on
questions of environmental pollution related to mining activities, sustainable exploitation
of raw materials, study of nanomaterials, material science and associated technologies.
• Vitrum Laugaricio, Joint Glass Centre (VILA), founded in 2003, is based on a
contract between the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Alexander Dubček University in
Trenčín, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology of the Slovak University of
Technology in Bratislava and RONA, j.s.c. The centre is a unique combination of the
institutions involved in one research and education centre. The fundamental and applied
research in the centre is represented by the IIC SAS, university education by the
Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín and Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology,
and the glassworks RONA, j.s.c. represents the industrially oriented research and
development. The ultimate goal of the centre is to utilize the synergy effect of
participation of all four partners in order to preserve high level of research in the field of
19

oxide glasses and ceramic materials, and to prepare the graduates for both research and
industrial careers.
• MULTIDISC – Centre for the multidisciplinary research of advanced materials;
coordinator from IIC: Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.; 2005 – 2009. The aim of the centre
is to develop the infrastructure necessary for the characterization of advanced materials
on the submicrometre level.
2. RESEARCH PROJECTS
Multilateral International Projects
FP6 Projects
• FUNMIG (FP6-EURATOM): Fundamental processes of radionuclide migration,
No: 516514; coordinator from IIC: Dr. V. Malkin, DrSc.; project coordinator: Dr. G.
Buckau, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Research Center Karlsruhe, Germany;
2005 – 2008
• SMART (FP6): Foresight action for multifunctional materials technology, No: SSA-
517045; coordinator from IIC: Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.; project coordinator: Dr. G.
Schumacher, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany; 2005 – 2007
• PolyCerNet(FP6): Tailored multifunctional polymer-derived nanoceramics, No:
MRTN-CT-2005-019601; coordinator from IIC: Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.; project
coordinator: Prof. G. D. Soraru, Università degli studi di Trento, Italy; 2006 – 2009
NATO Project
• NATO SfP: Light weight and transparent armours, No: CBP-NR-SFPP-981770;
coordinator from IIC: Doc. Ing. D. Galusek, PhD.; project coordinator: Dr. Alfred Sinani,
Ioffe Phys.-Tech. Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia;
2006 – 2009
COST Projects
• COST Chemistry Action WG D18/02: Lanthanide chemistry for diagnostic and
therapy; coordinator from IIC: Dr. V. Malkin, DrSc.; project coordinator: Prof. A.
Merbach, Institut de chimie moléculaire et biologique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de
Lausanne; 1999–2006
• COST Chemistry Action WG D26/12: Towards a new level of accuracy in
computations of molecular structure, molecular properties, spectroscopy and
thermo-chemistry; project coordinator: Prof. RNDr. J. Noga, DrSc.; 2002 – 2007
Other International Projects
• New Clay – Nanosemiconductive hybrids; coordinator from IIC: RNDr. Peter
Komadel, DrSc.; partner: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Ioannina, Greece; 2005 – 2006
20

• Structure and solubility of niobium complexes: high temperature and high
resolution solid state NMR study of the system; coordinator from IIC: Ing. František
Šimko, PhD.; partner: Conditions Extremes et Materiaux: Haute Temperature et
Irradiation, CNRS Orleans, France; 2005 – 2006
• α-SiAlON with needle-like microstructure for wear applications; coordinator from
IIC: Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.; partner: Anadolu University, Faculy of Engineering
and Architecture, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Turkey; 2006 –
2007
• Processing and properties of Si-based ternary nitrides as sintering additives and
phosphors; JSPS – SAS project; coordinator from IIC: Ing. Zoltán Lenčéš, PhD.;
partner: Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute; AIST Nagoya, Japan; 2006 – 2007
• Sorption of glyphosate on clay minerals; coordinator from IIC: RNDr. Peter Komadel,
DrSc.; partner: Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, 2006 – 2007
• Chemical evolution of inorganic substances to amino acids, peptides and protein
precursors on the primordial Earth; coordinator from IIC: RNDr. J. Bujdák, PhD.;
partner: Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of
Innsbruck, Austria; 2006 – 2008
• Atomic level aspects of advanced cementitious materials; coordinator from IIC:
RNDr. M. Drábik, CSc.; partner: University of Surrey (Chemistry C4), UK; 2006 – 2012
• Novel porous materials based on layered silicates; coordinator from IIC: RNDr. J.
Madejová, DrSc.; partner: Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, PAS, Krakow,
Poland; 2007 – 2009
• Characterisation and mechanical properties of SiCO ceramics; coordinator from IIC:
prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.; partner: Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Fachbereich
Material- und Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany; 2007 –
2008
• Anisotropic fluorescent thin films based on organic dyes embedded in layered
inorganics; coordinator from IIC: RNDr. J. Bujdák, PhD.; partners: National Institute for
Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan; Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of
Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan; Division of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan
University, Tokyo; 2008 – 2010
• New hybrid materials based on fluorescent polymers on inorganic carriers;
coordinator from IIC: RNDr. J. Bujdák, PhD.; partner: Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; 2008 – 2010
• Experimental study of molten fluoride salts as coolants in advanced high
temperature reactors; coordinator from IIC: Ing. F. Šimko, PhD.; partner: Conditions
Extremes et Materiaux: Haute Temperature et Irradiation, CNRS Orleans, France; 2008 –
2009
21

Projects of National Grant Agencies
APVV Projects
Coordinated by IIC
• Application of DFT based methods for interpretation of NMR and EPR spectra of
inorganic compounds (with emphasis on transition metal complexes) and
biosystems, APVT-51-045502, 2003 – 2006, Dr. V. Malkin, DrSc.
• The physico-chemical and thermodynamic properties of the industrial molten
fluoride systems on the base of aluminium, niobium and tantalum, APVT-51-
008104, 2005 – 2007, Ing. M. Korenko, PhD.
• Organic modifications of natural nanomaterials, APVV-51-050505, 2006 – 2009,
RNDr. P. Komadel, DrSc.
• Anisotropical energy transfer in hybrid nanomaterials based on layered silicates
with organic dyes, APVV-51-027405, 2006 – 2009, RNDr. J. Bujdák, PhD.
• Advanced ceramic materials for the photo-thermo-mechanical conversion system of
solar thermal engine based on the steam cycle, APVV-0448-06, 2007 – 2009, Ing. Z.
Lenčéš, PhD.
• Towards a higher accuracy in relativistic calculations of electronic structure and
magneto-resonance spectra of compounds containing heavy elements, APVV-0625-
06, 2007 – 2009, Dr. V. Malkin, DrSc.
• Research of ceramics materials for high corrosive environments, APVV-0171-06,
2007 – 2009, Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.
• Polymer derived nano-ceramic with controlled crystallinity, RPEU-0013-06, 2007 –
2009, Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.
Sub-coordinated by IIC
• Magnetostructural correlations in unconvential magnetic materials, APVT-20-
005204, 2005 – 2007, Ing. M. Boča, PhD.
• Optimisation of EUTAL glass melting, APVT-20-P06405, 2005 – 2007, Prof. Ing. M.
Liška, DrSc.
• Properties of molecules with complicated electronic structure: Sophisticated
calculations and predictions of spectroscopic and electric properties, APVV 018405,
2006 – 2009, Prof. RNDr. J. Noga, DrSc.
• Alumina-based electroceramics for advanced plasma sources, APVV 0485-06, 2007
– 2009, Doc. Ing. D. Galusek, PhD.
• Micro-CHP unit based on solid biomass burning, APVV-0517-07, 2008 – 2010, Ing.
Z. Lenčéš, PhD.
VEGA Projects
• Ceramic nanocomposites, VEGA-2/4072, 2004 – 2006, Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.
22

• The formation of oxofluoroaluminates and Si and V impurities behaviour in the
system NaF-AlF3-Al2O3, VEGA-2/4071, 2004 – 2006, Ing. I. Nerád, CSc.
• Chemistry and selected technological consequences of the effects of moisture and
sulfates in cement-based materials, VEGA-2/5011, 2005 – 2007, RNDr. M. Drábik,
CSc.
• Physical and chemical properties of layer silicates related to their environmental
applications, VEGA-2/6177, 2006 – 2008, RNDr. P. Komadel, DrSc.
• Supramolecular assemblies based on the molecular aggregates of organic dyes on
the surface of layered silicates, VEGA-2/6180, 2006 – 2008, RNDr. J. Bujdák, PhD.
• The study of the fluoride molten-salts systems with the potential for industrial
application, VEGA-2/6179, 2006 – 2008, Ing. M. Boča, PhD.
• Structure and dynamics of hydrogen bonds in solids by neutron diffraction,
quantum chemistry and inelastic netron scattering (INS), VEGA-2/6178, 2006 –
2008, RNDr. Ľ. Smrčok, CSc.
• Towards detailed knowledge of electronic structure from quantum chemical
calculation, VEGA-2/6182, 2006 – 2008, Dr. O. Malkina, DrSc.
• Transparent alumina-based materials with outstanding mechanical properties,
VEGA-2/6181, 2006 – 2008, Doc. Ing. D. Galusek, PhD.
• Structure and properties of silicate glasses – thermodynamical models and
molecular dynamics simulations vs. experiment, VEGA-1/3578, 2006 – 2008, Prof.
Ing. M. Liška, DrSc.
• Ceramic composites with uncommon sintering and microstructure forming
additives, VEGA-2/7171, 2007 – 2009, Ing. Z. Lenčéš, PhD.
• The behaviour of impurities in industrial acid electrolytes for aluminium
production, VEGA-2/7077, 2007 – 2009, Ing. F. Šimko, PhD.
• Relations of chemical changes and physico-mechanical properties of selected
materials based on cement, VEGA-2/0055, 2008 – 2010, RNDr. M. Drábik, CSc.
Projects supported by European Social Fund
• Project ESF No. 13120200048: Sciental and technological transfer in research and
development of natural nanomaterials, 2005 – 2008; principal coordinators: P. Uhlík
and S. Šoltés, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia;
coordinators from IIC: RNDr. P. Komadel, DrSc., RNDr. J. Madejová, DrSc.
http://www.pvoc.sk/nano/index.php
• Project ESF No. 13120200055: Claster of advanced studies – development of the
next studiedness in the multidisciplinary research and development of progressive
materials and nanomatarials with respect to the sustainable development, 2005 –
2008; principal coordinator: Dr. Eva Majková, Institute of Physics SAS, Bratislava,
Slovakia; coordinator from IIC: Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.
• Projekt ESF No. 13120200076: MATNET – Establishment of the R&D and
Innovative Network for the Field of Materials and Joining Technology, 2005 – 2008;
principal coordinator: Dr. Jaroslav Jerz, Institute of Materials and Maschine Mechanics,
Bratislava, Slovakia; coordinator from IIC: Ing. M. Hnatko, PhD.
23

3. SCIENTIFIC OUTPUT
24
2006 2007 2008
Chapters in Monographs 1 1 6
Papers in International Reviewed Journals 58 60 50
Papers in other Journals 3 3 6
Papers in Proceedings 14 17 31
Invited Lectures at International Conferences 13 14 22
Other Contributions at International Conferences 68 64 46
Invited Lectures in Institutions Abroad 5 3 8
SCI Citations to Publications 830 893 981
4. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ORGANIZED BY THE
INSTITUTE
• Engineering Ceramics 07, Smolenice 06 – 10. 05. 2007, Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.
The scope of the workshop was to commemorate the
invention and recent development in the field of highperformance
ceramics. During the last few years, the
design of engineering ceramic materials, as many other
high-tech materials proceeds the transition from microstructural
to the nano-structural approach of their preparation. The main benefit of this
approach is a new quality of materials as high temperature super-plasticity; excellent
mechanical properties (high strength, fracture behaviour approaching the quasi-ductility,
higher reliability, increased HT properties); functional properties (high electrical and
thermal conductivity, optical transparency, graded function/properties of materials), etc.
• The 8 th Conference on Solid State Chemistry – SSC 2008, Bratislava 06 – 11. 07.
2008, RNDr. P. Komadel, DrSc.
The scope of the conference was solid state chemistry in
the broadest meaning, including results of various
experimental and theoretical methods applied in
investigation of solid state substances. The scientific program of SSC 2008 comprised
sessions: Synthesis & characterization of materials; Crystal, electronic & magnetic
structure; Electrochemistry & molten salts; Chemistry of glasses; Novel inorganic
materials & nanomaterials; Layered compounds, clathrates & intercalates; Deposited
films & surface chemistry. Over 200 participants from 29 countries representing Europe,

Asia, the Americas, and Africa attended the conference and presented 18 invited talks, 73
lectures, and 146 posters.
• 9th Conference of the European Society on Glass Science and Technology and the
Annual Meeting of the International Commission on Glass, Trenčín 22 – 26. 06.
2008, Prof. Ing. M. Liška, DrSc., Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc., Doc. Ing. D. Galusek,
PhD.
The most important world glass event in 2008 covered a range
of topics from the area of science and technology of glass and
glass production. A satellite event the “Workshop on Entropy
in Glass” dealt with theoretical aspects of glassy state.
• Autumn school on neutron diffraction and spectroscopy, Tatranská Štrba 15 – 18. 09.
2007, RNDr. Ľ. Smrčok, CSc.
The School covered the current topics of neutron diffraction and spectroscopy with
applications in chemistry, physics, material science and biology. The School put
emphasis on the basic physical and technical principles.
5. INTERNATIONAL FELLOWSHIPS
Marie Curie Fellowship
Ľ. Jankovič: University of Ioannina, Department of Physics, Greece, FP5: Research Training
Networks (HPRN-CT-2002-00178), project title: „Composites of augmented strength:
study of intercalates of uniquely structured clays”, 08/2003 – 07/2006
H. Pálková: Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Poland, project title: „Transfer of Knowledge in Design of Porous Catalysts“ within the
framework of the Marie Curie Programme Transfer of Knowledge of the 6FP, 11/2005 –
10/2006
O. Pritula: Otto-Schott-Institut, Friedrich Schiller Universität, Jena, Germany, Marie Curie
Host Fellowship, 08/2005 – 04/2006
J. Sedláček: Otto-Schott-Institut, Friedrich Schiller Universität, Jena, Germany, Marie Curie
Research Training Network, 09/2005 – 04/2006
J. Sedláček: University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany, Marie Curie Fellowship, 09/2006
– 09/2008
M. Derzsi: Institute of Nuclear Physics PAS, Cracow, Poland, Marie Curie Research Training
Network: Crust to Core (c2c) – the fate of subduction material, 01/2008 – 12/2008
Others
A. Czímerová: Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science,
Tsukuba, Japan, FY2005 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Postdoctoral
Fellowship for Foreign Researchers, 09/2005 – 08/2006
B. Kubíková: École Polytechnique, Chateau Gombert, Marseille, France, 10/2006 – 4/2007
M. Milko: University of Leoben, Leoben, Austria, 03/2007 – 01/2010
25

6. LECTURES DELIVERED BY THE GUESTS OF THE
INSTITUTE
Ján Šaroun: Application of neutron scattering in material reserch Nuclear Physics Institute
of the ASCR, Řež, Czech Republic, 25. 05. 2006
Kamil Lang: From singlet oxygen to self-disinfecting materials. Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry, ASCR, Řež, Cech Republic, 28. 11. 2006
Seniz Reyhan Kushan: Thermal diffusivity behaviour of SiAlON ceramics, Anadolu
University, Eskisehir, Turkey, 15. 08. 2006
Ioannis Koutselas: Low dimensional hybrid semiconductors, University of Patras, Greece,
20. 11. 2006
Corneliu Balan: Rheology of sol-gel transition, “Politehnica” University of Bucharest,
Romania, 22. 02. 2007
Ivo Dlouhý: Fracture behaviour of composite materials with brittle matrix. Institute of
Physics of Materials of the ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic, 28. 02. 2007
Kiyoshi Hirao: High thermal conductivity silicon nitride ceramics, High-performance
component processing group, Advanced Manufacturing Processing Research Institute,
National Inst. Adv. Industrial Sci. and Technology (AIST), Nagoya, Japan, 13. 03. 2007
Shelley Wiederhorn: The effect of rare earth oxides on the creep of silicon nitride, National
Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 14. 06. 2007
Nobuo Iyi: Preparation of Self-standingLayeredDouble Hydroxide (LDH) Films and Other
Recent Topics on LDHs, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, 21. 10.
2008
Ryo Sasai: Preparation of LuminousDye/Layered Material Hybrid Solid Materials with High
Emission Quantum Yield and Its Environmental Response Ability, Nagoya University,
Japan, 21. 10. 2008
Shinsuke Takagi: The Effects of Porphyrin Structure on the Complex Formation Behavior
with Clay, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan, 21. 10. 2008
Jun Kawamata: Clay/Organic Hybrid Composites as Nonlinear Optical Materials,
Yamaguchi University, Japan, 21. 10. 2008
7. INVITED LECTURES DELIVERED BY THE MEMBERS OF
THE INSTITUTE
At International Conferences
D. Galusek: Microstructure-property relationship in sintered alumina ceramics, 11 th Int.
Ceramic Congress CIMTEC 2006, Acireale, Italy, 04. – 09. 06. 2006
D. Galusek: Ceramic armour: Threats and challenges or threats are challenges? Workshop:
Materials for a Safe Europe, Munich, Germany, 10. – 11. 10. 2006
26

P. Komadel, J. Madejová, J. W. Stucki: Manipulation of layer charge of smectites, Fourth
Mediterranean Clay Meeting, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, 05. –
10. 09. 2006
Z. Lenčéš, Ľ. Hric, R. Hauser, P. Šajgalík, R. Riedel: Densification of Polymer Derived
SiC/Si(A)OC, Ceramics, Polymer Routes to Multifunctional Ceramics for Advanced
Energy and Propulsion Applications, Boulder-Colorado, USA, 30. 07. – 05. 08. 2006
J. Madejová: Near infrared spectroscopy: a powerful method to learn more on modified
smectites, Mid European Clay Conference 2006, Opatija, Croatia, 18. – 22. 09. 2006
V. Malkin: Toward a quantum chemical simulation of EPR and NMR spectra of lanthanide
compounds, Final meeting of the COST D18 Action: Lanthanide Chemistry for
Diagnostic and Therapy, Orleans, France, 30. 03. – 02. 04. 2006
V. Malkin: Recent progress in quantum-chemical calculations of NMR and EPR parameters
of lanthanide compounds, 2 nd FUNMIG RTDC-2 Progress Meeting, Karlsruhe, Germany,
02. 08. 2006
J. Noga, S. Kedžuch: Beyond the standard approximation in coupled cluster R12 theory,
CCP2 workshop on explicitly correlated wavefunctions, Notthingham, UK, 2006
P. Šajgalík, M. Hnatko, Z. Lenčéš: Mechanical behavior of newly developed SiC/Si3N4 nanocomposites,
The 30 th International Conference and Exhibition on Advanced Ceramics and
Composites, Cocoa Beach, Florida, USA, 22. – 27. 01. 2006
P. Šajgalík: Novel processing of silicon nitride/carbide nano-composites with the potential
for cutting tools application, The Symposium on Hybrid Nano Materials toward Future
Industries – HNM 2006, Nagaoka, Japan, 03. – 05. 02. 2006
P. Šajgalík, J. Křesťan, Z. Lenčéš: Sialons from aluminosilicates – processing, RT properties,
corrosion and oxidation resistance, 5 th ISN IT, Eskişehir Turkey, 02. – 06. 04. 2006
P. Šajgalík, Z. Lenčéš, M. Hnatko: Layered ceramic composites with self-detection ability,
Reliability of Ceramics, Cracow, Poland, 17. – 20. 09. 2006
P. Šajgalík, Z. Lenčéš, M. Hnatko: SiC/Si3N4 nano/micro composites for high temperature
applications, Advanced Polymer Materials, Bratislava, Slovakia, 11. – 14. 06. 2006
D. Galusek: Advanced sintering methods for preparation of nanostructured ceramics, VI
Konferencja Polskiego Towarzystwa Ceramicznego, Zakopane, Poland, 13. – 16. 09. 2007
K. Hirao, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, Z. Lenčéš, P. Šajgalík: Processing parameters affecting thermal
and mechanical properties on sintered reaction-bonded nitrides, 2 nd International
Symposium on Sialons and Non-Oxide, Ise-Shima, Mie, Japan, 02. – 05. 12. 2007
S. Kedžuch, J. Šimunek, J. Noga: Different considerations for second order R12/F12 theory,
Highly Accurate Calculations of Molecular Electronic Structure, Bad Herrenalb,
Germany, 22. – 24. 03. 2007
P. Komadel, J. Hrachová: Clay minerals used in polymer-clay composites, Nanoved 4 th
International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies, Bratislava, Slovakia, 11.
– 14. 11. 2007
A. Kožuško, A. Sinani, L. Lytvynov, V. Šída, D. Galusek: Ceramic protection against AP
threats, 5 th Light Weight Armour Group Meeting, Roedental, Germany, 05. 10. 2007
Z. Lenčéš, M. Hnatko, P. Šajgalík, D. Galusek: Silicon nitride based composites with tailored
mechanical and functional properties, 2 nd International Conference on Recent Advances
in Composite Materials, New Delhi, India, 20. – 23. 02. 2007
Z. Lenčéš, P. Šajgalík, T. Plachký, Y. Zhou, K. Hirao, R. Riedel: Effect of polymer derived
ceramics and ternary nitride sintering aids on the thermal conductivity of silicon nitride,
27

International Symposium on Advanced Ceramics and Technology for Sustinable Energy
Applications, ACTSEA 2007, Kenting Henchun Town, Taiwan, 04. – 07. 11. 2007
Z. Lenčéš, P. Šajgalík, T. Plachký, Y. Zhou, K. Hirao, R. Riedel: Ternary nitrides with
thermo electrical and optical properties and related silicon nitride-based composites,
MRS Fall Meeting, Symposium Q: Nitrides and Related Bulk Materials, Boston, USA,
26. – 30. 11. 2007
J. Noga: MP2-R12 versus dual basis MP2 theory, Molecular Quantum Mechanics - Analytic
Gradients and Beyond, Budapest, Hungary, 29. 05. – 03. 06. 2007
J. Noga: Second quantization framework for the treatment of the operators partitionings – a
tool to understand R12 theories, Molecular Theory for Real Systems, Kyoto, Japan, 27. –
29. 07. 2007
O. Malkin: A fully relativistic generalized kinetically balanced method for calculation of
EPR and NMR parameters in the framework of the modified matrix Dirac-Kohn-Sham
equation, Conference on Relativistic Effects in Heavy Elements – REHE 2007, Ottrot,
France, 21. – 25. 03. 2007
P. Šajgalík, Z. Lenčéš, M. Hnatko, D. Salamon, J. Sedláček, D. Galusek: Oxide and nonoxide
composites for ceramic tools applications, 10 th International Conference and
Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society, Berlin, Germany, 17. – 21. 06. 2007
P. Šajgalík, J. Křesťan, Z. Lenčéš, T. Plachký: Sialons from aluminosilicates, processing, RT
properties, corrosion and oxidation resistance, 2 nd International Symposium on Sialons
and Non-Oxide, Ise-Shima, Mie, Japan, 02. – 05. 12. 2007
P. Šajgalík, Z. Lenčéš: Polymer derived ceramics: hybrid processing, 59. zjazd chemikov,
Tatranske Matliare, Slovakia, 02. – 06. 09. 2007
A. Čeklovský, J. Bujdák, K. Lang: Thin films of layered silicates with photochemically-active
porphyrin cations, 8 th Conference on Solid State Chemistry, Bratislava, Slovakia, 06. –
11. 07. 2008
M. Drábik: The innovations of cement-based materials through materials chemistry, 8 th
Conference on Solid State Chemistry, Bratislava, Slovakia, 06. – 11. 07. 2008
K. Hirao, Y. Zhou, Y. Yoshizawa, Z. Lenčéš, P. Šajgalík: Preparation of nitride phosphors
by combustion synthesis, International Symposium on New Frontier of Advanced Si-
Based Ceramics and Composites (ISASC-2008), Jeju, Korea, 08. 06. – 11. 06. 2008
S. Komorovský: Dirac-Kohn-Sham calculations of shielding tensor with restricted
magnetically balanced basis, Workshop on Modern Methods in Quantum Chemistry,
Mariapfarr, Austria, 14 – 17. 02. 2008
Z. Lenčéš, Ľ. Benco, D. Velič, Y. Zhou, K. Hirao, P. Šajgalík: Thermal and optical
properties of ternary silicon-nitrides, 4 th International Workshop on Spinel Nitrides and
Related Materials, Ruedesheim/Rhine, Germany, 31. 08. – 05. 09. 2008
Z. Lenčéš, Y. Zhou, Ľ. Benco, D. Velič, K. Hirao, P. Šajgalík: Electronic structure and
optical properties of silicon-based ternary nitrides, 2 nd International Congress on
Ceramics, Verona, Italy, 29. 06. – 04. 07. 2008
J. Madejová: Infrared spectroscopy: Theory and clay minerals applications I, International
workshop ADVANCECLAY – ERASMUS IP, Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary,
23. 07. 2008
J. Madejová: Infrared spectroscopy: Theory and clay minerals applications II, International
workshop ADVANCECLAY – ERASMUS IP, Eötvös L. University, Budapest, Hungary,
23. 07. 2008
J. Madejová: Possibilities of near IR spectroscopy in investigation of reduced charge
28

smectites, AluSiV, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, 03– 05. 09. 2008 2008
V. Malkin: A fully relativistic calculations NMR parameters in the framework of the matrix
Dirac-Kohn-Sham equation using a restricted magnetically balanced basis, Current
Trends in Theoretical Chemistry V. Krakow, Poland, 2008
P. Neogrady, J. Noga, M. Pitonak, M. Urban: Towards a more accurate and more efficient
coupled cluster implementation in the Bratislava Group, 48 th Sanibel Symposium,
Georgia, USA, 21. – 26. 02. 2008
J. Noga: R12/F12 based theories within and beyond the standard approximation. An analysis
and some numbers, Symposium on Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences and High
Performance Computing, Kolkata, India, 10. – 12. 01. 2008
J. Noga: Alternative explicitly correlated approaches based on the R12 theory, Symposium:
Electron correlation and molecular dynamics for excited states and photochemistry,
Vienna, Austria, 03. – 04. 06. 2008
J. Noga, S. Kedzuch, J. Simunek, S. Ten-no: Coupled cluster F12 theory with Slater
geminals, 7 th Central European Symposium on Theoretical Chemistry, Hejnice, Czech
Republic, 28. 09. – 01. 10. 2008
T. Plachký, Z. Lenčéš, R. Hauser, R. Riedel, P. Šajgalík: Densification of Si3N4/SiAlOC
ceramic composites, 8 th Conference on Solid State Chemistry, Bratislava, Slovakia, 06. –
11. 07. 2008
P. Šajgalík: Road map of ceramics for energy, 2 nd International Congress on Ceramics,
Verona, Italy, 29. 06. – 04. 07. 2008
P. Šajgalík: Ceramic technologies for the alternative energy, KERMAT, International
Symposium: The New Frontiers of Ceramic Materials, Rimini, Italy, 01. – 02. 10. 2008
P. Šajgalík, M. Hnatko, Š. Lojanová, Z. Lenčéš: SiC/Si3N4 nano/micro composites –
materials with excellent properties, Polish Ceramics: V. International Scientific and
Technological Conference, Cracow, Poland, 14. – 17. 09. 2008
P. Šajgalík, M. Hnatko, Š. Lojanová, Z. Lenčéš: SiC/Si3N4 nano/micro composites –
processing and mechanical properties, International Symposium on New Frontier of
Advanced Si-Based Ceramics and Composites (ISASC-2008), Jeju Island, Korea, 08. 06.
– 11. 06. 2008
P. Šajgalík, Z. Lenčéš, Ľ. Hric, T. Plachký, R. Riedel: Novel non-oxide ceramics for
application in extreme conditions, The 9 th International Symposium on Ceramic Materials
and Components for Energy and Environmental Applications, Shanghai, China, 10. – 14.
11. 2008
P. Šajgalík, Z. Lenčéš, Y. Zhou, Ľ. Benco, K. Hirao, D. Velič: Synthesis and physical
properties of magnesium and lanthanum silicon nitride, 1 st Symposium on Advanced
Synthesis and Processing for Materials (ASPM08), Wuhan University of Technology,
Wuhan, China, 14. – 17. 11. 2008
P. Šajgalík, T. Plachký, Ľ. Hric, Z. Lenčéš, R. Riedel: Processing and properties of siliconbased
composites using polymer derived ceramics as sintering aids, 4 th International
Workshop on Spinel Nitrides and Related Materials, Ruedesheim/Rhine, Germany, 31.
08. – 05. 09. 2008
29

In Institutions Abroad
J. Bujdák: Clay minerals in chemical evolution, Department of Theoretical Chemistry,
Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck,
Austria, 11. 12. 2006
P. Komadel: Chemistry and properties of clay minerals – smectites, 24. 03. 2006;
Spectroscopic evidence of chemical composition and changes in clay minerals, 05. 04.
2006, Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland,
Copenhagen, Denmark
P. Šajgalík, J. Křesťan, Z. Lenčéš: Sialons from aluminosilicates – processing, RT properties,
corrosion and oxidation resistance, AIST Nagoya, Japan, 16. 10. 2006
P. Šajgalík, Z. Lenčéš, M. Hnatko: Layered ceramic composites with self-detection ability,
reliability of ceramics, IKM, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 04. 12. 2006
J. Bujdák: Clay minerals in chemical evolution, Institute of General, Inorganic and
Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck,
Austria, 12. 11. 2007
D. Galusek: Pre-ceramic precursors for bulk non-oxide ceramics and ceramic-ceramic
composites, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, 20. 07. 2007
M. Pentrák: Acid treatment of clay minerals, University of Poitiers, France, 30. 11. 2007
J. Bujdák: Hybrid materials based on organic dyes embedded in layered inorganic
compounds. Phenomena and potential applications, Workshop on layered materials,
National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, 11. 03. 2008
P. Komadel: Chemistry and properties of clay minerals – smectites, 9. 12. 2008;
Spectroscopic evidence of chemical composition and changes in clay minerals, 10. 12.
2008; Manipulation of layer charge of smectites, 11. 12. 2008, Faculty of Mining,
Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Croatia
J. Madejová: Near infrared spectroscopy in studies of modified smectites, Institute of
Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland, 10. 06.
2008
V. Malkin: Introduction in the theory of calculations of NMR and EPR parameters;
Relativistic calculations of NMR and EPR parameters; Theoretical prediction and
interpretation of NMR and EPR parameters, Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry
Polish Academy of Sciences and Jagiellonian university, Cracow, Poland, 31. 03. – 20.
04. 2008.
J. Noga: Towards high precision calculations of molecular energies and properties via
explicitly correlated coupled cluster theory,
a) Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India, 13. 01. 2008
b) National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India, 17. 01. 2008
J. Noga: Basic Aspects of the Explicitly Correlated Coupled Cluster Theory, Center for
Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 27. 02. –
29. 02. 2008
H. Pálková: Experimental measurement of Li/Mg partitioning between clay and solution
during hectorite synthesis, UMR-CNRS, University de Poitiers, France, 03. 12. 2008
V. Petrušková: Corrosion of Si3N4 and Al2O3 ceramics in different melting media,
Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich material- und Geowissenschaften,
Germany, 10. 11. 2008
30

8. AWARDS AND HONOURS
P. Komadel
J. Noga
Premium of the Slovak Literary Fund for citations in last three years,
2006
Premium of the Slovak Literary Fund for citations in last three years,
2006
J. Noga Elected member of the Learned Society of the SAS
P. Šajgalík Elected member of the Learned Society of the SAS
P. Šajgalík Scientist of the Year 2006
P. Komadel Elected member of the Learned Society of the SAS
M. Boča
M. Korenko
B. Kubíková
M. Kucharík
Award of the Slovak Academy of Sciences for the year 2008 for
achievements in research on physico-chemical properties of molten
salts
F. Šimko
P. Šajgalík
Z. Lenčéš
M. Hnatko
D. Galusek
J. Sedláček
D. Galusek
J. Chovanec
M. Chromčíková
R. Karell
M. Liška
J. Sedláček
P. Švančárek
Award of the Slovak Academy of Sciences for the year 2008 for the
achievements in the reserach and development of advanced ceramic
materials
The prize of Vice-premier and Minister of Education of the Slovak
Republic for science and technology for the year 2008, category
Scientific Team of the Year
P. Hrobárik Distinguished Student Award for 2008
P. Hrobárik Outstanding Young Scientist Award for 2008
S. Kedžuch
Distinguished Student Award for 2006/07
31

From left: M. Korenko, F. Šimko, B. Kubíková, M. Kucharík and M. Boča receiving the
Award of the Slovak Academy of Sciences for the year 2008 for achievements in research on
physico-chemical properties of molten salts
From left: D. Galusek, M. Hnatko, Z. Lenčéš and P. Šajgalík receiving the Award of the
Slovak Academy of Sciences for the year 2008 for achievements in the reserach and
development of advanced ceramic materials
32

M. Liška and D. Galusek receiving The prize of Vice-premier and Minister of Education of
the Slovak Republic for science and technology for the year 2008, category scientific team of
the year
P. Hrobárik receiving the Award for the Outstanding Young Scientist of the Year 2008
33

9. DEFENDED PhD. THESIS
2006
Ján Křesťan SiAlONs made from clay raw materials
Supervisor
Scientific Field
Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.
Inorganic Technology and Materials
Blanka Kubíková Phase equilibrium and surface tension of electrolytes for
deposition of niobium
Supervisor
Prof. Ing. Pavel Fellner, DrSc.
Scientific Field Inorganic Technology and Materials
Marián Kucharík Phase analysis of Na3AlF6-Al2O3 system. Surface tention of
molten NaF-AlF3-Al2O3 and KF-K2MoO4-SiO2 systems
Supervisor
Doc. Ing. Vladimír Daněk, DrSc.
Scientific Field Inorganic Technology and Materials
2007
Viera Petrušková Damage of glass by hot water cleaning process
Supervisor
Scientific Field
Prof. RNDr. Pavol Šajgalík, DrSc.
Inorganic Technology and Materials
Mária
Chromčíková
The structural relaxation of oxide glasses
Supervisor
Prof. Ing. Marek Liška, DrSc.
Scientific Field Inorganic Technology and Materials
Matúš Milko Electronic structure calculations of system with translational
periodicity using the charge distributions fitting method
Supervisor
Prof. RNDr. Jozef Noga, DrSc.
Scientific Field Chemical Physics
Mariana
Structure and dynamics of selected hydrogen bonded
Sládkovičová
molecules – inelastic neutron scattering, neutron diffraction
and DFT study
Supervisor
RNDr. Ľubomír Smrčok, CSc.
Scientific Field Chemical Physics
Stanislav Kedžuch Explicitly correlated wave functions: Alternative R12
approach and the problem of one particle basis sets
Supervisor
Prof. RNDr. Jozef Noga, DrSc.
Scientific Field Chemical Physics
2008
Slávka
Properties of bentonite from the Lieskovec deposit and its
Andrejkovičová potential environmental applications
Supervisor
RNDr. Peter Komadel, DrSc.
Scientific Field Inorganic Technology and Materials
Jana Hrachová Organic modifications of montmorillonites and their
applications in polymer (nano)composites
Supervisor
RNDr. Peter Komadel, DrSc.
Scientific Field Inorganic Technology and Materials
34

Zuzana Netriová Phase and volume properties of fluoride system based on
tantalum
Supervisor
Ing. Miroslav Boča, PhD.
Scientific Field Inorganic Technology and Materials
Martin Pentrák Modification of clay minerals structure and properties by
acid and alkali treatments
Supervisor
RNDr. Jana Madejová, DrSc.
Scientific Field Inorganic Technology and Materials
Ľubomír Hric Preparation of SiC-based ceramic materials with uncommon
sintering additives
Supervisor
Prof. RNDr. Pavol Šajgalík, DrSc.
Scientific Field Inorganic Technology and Materials
Peter Hrobárik Quantum-chemical studies on electronic structure and
EPR/NMR parameters of transition and inner-transition
metal complexes
Supervisor
Dr. Oľga Malkin, DrSc.
Scientific Field Physical Chemistry
10. MEMBERS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARDS
Scientific Journals Published Abroad
P. Komadel
P. Šajgalík
M. Liška
Applied Clay Science
Clays and Clay Minerals
Clay Minerals
Ceramics-Silikáty
Key Engineering Materials
Bulletin of the European Ceramic Society
Ceramics-Silikáty
Sklár a Keramik
Scientific Journals Published In Slovakia
M. Boča Chemical Papers
P. Komadel Geologica Carpathica
35

11. COOPERATION WITH INDUSTRY
Glassworks RONA, j.s.c. Lednické Rovne
• Joint research grants on development of new compositions of crystalline glasses produced
by the company
• Actual problems of applied research and experimental development meeting the
immediate needs of the company
• Activities of specialist from RONA j.s.c. as lecturers for undergraduate and PhD students
at VILA Center
Saint Gobain Advanced Ceramics, Turnov, Česká republika
Development of transparent ceramic armours with increased ballistic efficiency (joint
grant NATO SfP 98 17 70: Light weight transparent armours)
GoldenSUN Slovakia, s.r.o., Liptovský Mikuláš
Joint research grants founded by Slovak Research and Development Agency:
• Advanced ceramic materials for the photo-thermo-mechanical conversion system of solar
thermal engine based on the steam cycle (project APVV-0448-06), 02/2007-12/2009
• Micro-combined heat and power unit based on solid biomass burning (project APVV-
0517-07), 09/2008-12/2010
VUEZ, j.s.c., Levice
Joint research projects on determination of resistance of glass fibers used as thermal
insulations in nuclear power plants against leaching in aqueous media (Grant No.
DSR/SESPRI/04s029a Chemical effects and Chemical effects II, funded by IRSN,
France, Similar project funded by Allion Science USA
Johns Manville Slovakia, j.s.c., Trnava
Joint research project founded by Slovak Research and Development Agency:
Optimalization of EUTAL melting (project APVT-20-P06405), partners: VILA (Joint
Glass Center of the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SAS, Alexander Dubček University
of Trenčín, and RONA Lednické Rovne), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SAS, Johns
Manville Slovakia, inc. Trnava; 05/2006 - 12/1007
Envigeo, j.s.c., Banská Bystrica
Joint research project founded by Slovak Research and Development Agency: “Organic
modifications of natural nanomaterials” (project APVV-51-050505), 03/2006 – 10/2009
RHI AG, Technology Center, Standort Leoben, Austria; Montan Universität, Leoben,
Austria
Joint research project founded by RHI AG on the Synthesis and characterization of
oxinitrides in ordinary ceramic refractories. 2008 - 2010
36

12. RESEARCH FUNDING
thousand SKK
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
Wages
Cost composition 2006-2008
Overhead
Capital investments
37
National Projects
Cost category
International Projects
Cost composition
(in thousand SKK) 2006 2007 2008
Wages (+ taxes and funds
contributions) 1 24 021 26 523 27 622
Overhead 1 467 1 497 1 867
Capital Investments 2 7 295 4 291 3 126
National Projects 3 12 186 19 995 16 203
International Projects 3 2 233 832 1 317
Total Budget 47 202 53 138 50 135
1 Permanent staff and PhD students
2 Including the capital investments obtained from the national and international projects
3 Without capital investments
2006
2007
2008

13. EVENTS
The Open Door Day
Within the Slovak Science and Technology Week, “The Open Door Day” was organized
in the Institute twice, in 2006 and 2008, mainly for the students of the secondary schools
together with their pedagogues and university students. Representatives of industrial partners
and media were also invited.
Five to seven membered groups were shuttled throughout the departments with special
explanation of the experimental instrumentation. In the common areas poster exhibition
together with presentation of Institute’s publications were available. Particular attention was
paid to the exposition of research products (artificial ceramic joints, cutting tools, advanced
materials, ...). From all the experiments, the most attractive were those performed on scanning
electron microscope. Available were computer demonstrations of the scientific interests of
each department, as well as short movies from industrial processes. Several visitors stopped at
the Institute’s library. For secondary school students, blocks of laboratory experiments were
performed to show the beauty of chemistry, emphasizing the need of precaution. About one
hundred visitors came in 2008.
Anna Jurová presenting details of the scanning electron microscopy work. More information
about the experiments explained Jaroslav Sedláček (in the back).
38

PhD. student Tomáš Plachký presenting Bengal flames, one of the most attractive
experiments.
“The fruit of our research” — the materials developed by the scientists from our Institute.
39

Researcher’s Night in the European Union
The tradition of the European Researchers´ night began in 2005. This action aims at
supporting the efforts undertaken since 2005 in order to bring researchers closer to the larger
public, with a view to enhancing their important role in society. Traditional events during
Researchers´ night are activities focused on presentation of scientifics and researchers, results
of investigations and developments, various qiuzes and competitions, discussions, scientific
coffee bars and other promotions. Slovak Republic participated twice in this all-European
event. The coves of investigation and development of construction ceramics materials were
presented by young scientists from the Department of Ceramics of our Institute during the
night from 26 th to 27 th September 2008 in the shopping centre Aupark in Bratislava.
Specifically, material resistant against cavitations, corrosive working environment, high
temperatures and pressures and thermal shocks for photo-thermal and mechanical conversion
system in thermo-solar engine, which is working on the principle of steam engine cycle, was
introduced.
Stirling model of solar engine as an example of utilization of renewable source of energy - the
Researchers´Night 2008.
40

Prof. Pavol Šajgalík, the director of our Institute, in front of a microphone during the
Researchers´Night 2008
41

IIC SAS DEPARTMENTS
43

DEPARTMENT OF CERAMICS
Members of the Department
phone e-mail
Head
Prof. RNDr. Pavol Šajgalík, DrSc. +421 2 59410 400 pavol.sajgalik@savba.sk
Scientific staff
Ing. Svetozár Balkovic, PhD. +421 2 59410 419 svetozar.balkovic@savba.sk
Ing. Ľubomír Benco, PhD. lubomir benco@univie.ac.at
RNDr. Milan Drábik, PhD. +421 2 59410 474 milan.drabik@savba.sk
Prom.farm. Ľubica Gáliková +421 2 59410 439 lubica.galikova@savba.sk
Ing. Katarína Ghillányová, PhD. +421 2 59410 440 katarina.ghillanyova@savba.sk
Ing. Miroslav Hnatko, PhD. +421 2 59410 415 miroslav.hnatko@savba.sk
Mgr. Ľubomír Hric, PhD. +421 2 59410 440 lubomir.hric@savba.sk
Ing. Štefan Kavecký, PhD. +421 2 49268 281 stefan.kavecky@savba.sk
Ing. Zoltán Lenčéš, PhD. +421 2 59410 408 zoltan.lences@savba.sk
Ing. Jaroslav Sedláček, PhD. +421 2 59410 442 jaroslav.sedlacek@savba.sk
Technical staff
Miriam Hnatková +421 2 59410 415 miriam.hnatkova@savba.sk
Anna Jurová +421 2 59410 403 anna.jurova@savba.sk
Magdaléna Kňazovičová +421 2 59410 429 magdalena.knazovicova@savba.sk
PhD. Students
Ing. Františka Frajkorová +421 2 59410 428 frantiska.frajkorova@savba.sk
Ing. Linda Kipsová +421 2 59410 443 linda.kipsova@savba.sk
Ing. Štefánia Lojanová +421 2 59410 442 stefania.lojanova@savba.sk
Ing. Tomáš Plachký +421 2 59410 440 tomas.plachky@savba.sk
45

Field of Scientific Interest
The Department of Ceramics of IIC is active in the research of oxide and non-oxide ceramic
materials since 1984. Main expertise is in the processing of bulk micro-and nano-ceramics,
microstructure control, and their characterization. In the last years the research is focused on
the development of ceramic materials for wear and high-temperature applications, transparent
ceramics, polymer derived ceramics, preparation of non-oxide ceramics with high thermal
and/or electrical conductivity, design of nitride/oxynitride phosphors. Microstructural design
of a new type of multifunctional composites with self-diagnostic ability, and in situ
modification of grain boundaries has also been studied with respect to the high temperature
mechanical properties. Further, the chemical aspects of cross-linked functional interfaces
between the polymer filler and cemented matrix in MDF materials and their impact on the
bulk properties were investigated.
International and National Projects
Foresight action for multifunctional materials technology
FP 6 Project EU, No. SSA 517045 (SMART)
Duration: 2005 – 2006
International Coordinator: Dr. Gerd Schumacher; Forschung Centrum Jülich, Germany
Principal Investigator in Slovakia: Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.
Tailored Multifunctional Polymer-derived nanoCeramics
FP 6 Project EU, MRTN-CT-2005-019601 (PolyCerNet)
Duration: 2006 – 2009
International Coordinator: Prof. Gian Domenico Soraru, Department of Materials
Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
Principal Investigator in Slovakia: Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.
Atomic level aspects of advanced cementitious materials
Bilateral Project with the University of Surrey, UK
Duration: 2003 – 2006
Principal Investigator in Slovakia: RNDr. M. Drábik, CSc.
Ceramic nanocomposites
VEGA Project No. 2/4072/24
Duration: 2004 – 2006
Principal Investigator: Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.
Chemistry and selected technological consequences of the effects of
moisture and sulfates in cement-based materials
VEGA Project No. 2/5011/25
Duration: 2005 – 2007
Principal Investigator: RNDr. M. Drábik, CSc.
46

Ceramic composites with uncommon sintering and microstructure forming
additives
VEGA Project No. 2/7171/27
Duration: 2007 – 2009
Principal Investigator: Ing. Z. Lenčéš, PhD.
Relations of chemical changes and physico-mechanical properties of
selected materials based on cement
VEGA Project No. 2/0055/08
Duration: 2008 – 2010
Principal Investigator: RNDr. M. Drábik, CSc.
Polymer derived nano-ceramic with controlled crystallinity
APVV Project No. RPEU-0013-06
Duration: 2007 – 2009
Principal Investigator: Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.
Research of ceramics materials for high corrosive environments
APVV Project No. APVV-0171-06
Duration: 2007 – 2009
Principal Investigator: Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.
Advanced ceramic materials for the photo-thermo-mechanical conversion
system of solar thermal engine based on the steam cycle.
APVV Project No. APVV-0448-06
Duration: 2007 – 2009
Principal Investigator: Ing. Z. Lenčéš, PhD.
Micro-CHP unit based on solid biomass burning
APVV Project No. APVV-0517-07
Duration: 2008 – 2010
Principal Investigator: Faculty of Engineering, University of Žilina
Principal Investigator at IIC SAS: Ing. Z. Lenčéš, PhD.
Processing and properties of Si-based ternary nitrides as sintering additives
and phosphors
Joint Research Project supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in
collaboration with the Slovak Academy of Sciences
Duration: 2006 – 2008
Principal Investigator: Dr. K. Hirao, AIST Nagoya, Japan
Principal Investigator in Slovakia: Ing. Z. Lenčéš, PhD.
Centre of the nanostructured materials
Project of CE SAS
Duration: 2007 – 2010
Principal Investigator: IMR SAS
Principal Investigator on IICH SAS: Prof. RNDr. P. Šajgalík, DrSc.
47

Selected Publications
BALOG M., ŠAJGALÍK P., HOFER F., WARBICHLER P., FRÖHLICH K., VÁVRA O.,
JANEGA J., HUANG J.-L: Electrically Conductive SiC-(Nb,Ti)ss-(Nb,Ti)Css Cermet, Journal
of the European Ceramic Society 26, 1259 – 1266, 2006
ŠAJGALÍK P., HNATKO M., LOJANOVÁ Š., LENČÉŠ Z., PÁLKOVÁ H., DUSZA J.:
Microstructure, Hardness and Fracture Toughness Evolution of Hot-Pressed SiC/Si3N4
Nano/Micro Composite after High-temperature Treatment, International Journal of Materials
Research 97, 772 – 777, 2006
ŠAJGALÍK P., LENČÉŠ Z., DUSZA J.: Layered Composites with Self-Diagnostic Ability,
Composites Part B: Engineering 37, 515 – 523, 2006
LENČÉŠ Z., HIRAO K., ŠAJGALÍK P., HOFFMANN M.J.: Thermodynamic and
Dielectric Properties of MgSiN2 Ceramics, Key Engineering Materials 317-318, 857 – 860,
2006
KAŠIAROVÁ M., DUSZA J., HNATKO M., ŠAJGALÍK P., REECE M.J.: Fractographic
Montage for a Si3N4-SiC Nanocomposite, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 89, 1752
– 1755, 2006
ŠAJGALÍK P., HNATKO M., ČOPAN P., LENČÉŠ Z., HUANG J.-L.: Influence of
Graphite Additives on Wear Properties of Hot-Pressed Si3N4 Ceramics, Journal of the
Ceramic Society of Japan 114, 1061 – 1068, 2006
BODIŠOVÁ K., ŠAJGALÍK P., GALUSEK D., ŠVANČÁREK P.: Two-Stage Sintering of
Alumina with Submicrometer Grain Size, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90, 330 –
332, 2007
LICHVÁR P., ŠAJGALÍK P., LIŠKA M., GALUSEK D.: CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Y2O3 Glasses as
Model Grain Boundary Phases for Si3N4, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27, 429 –
436, 2007
KŘESŤAN J., PRITULA O., SMRČOK Ľ., ŠAJGALÍK P., LENČÉŠ Z., WANNBERG A.,
MONTEVERDE F.: Corrosion of β-SiAlON-Based Ceramics by Molten Steel, Journal of the
European Ceramic Society 27, 2137 – 2143, 2007
ŠAJGALÍK P., KŘESŤAN J., LENČÉŠ Z.: Corrosion Resistance of β-SiAlON-Based
Ceramics against Molten Steel, Materials Science Forum 554, 147 – 150, 2007
PETRUŠKOVÁ V., VRÁBEL P., ŠIMURKA P., ŠAJGALÍK P., MARYŠKA M.: Surface
Damage of Two Different Wineglasses during Dishwashing Process, Ceramics – Silikáty 51,
57 – 66, 2007
BENCO Ľ., HAFNER J., LENČÉŠ Z., ŠAJGALÍK P.: Density Functional Study of
Structures and Mechanical Properties of Y-Doped α-SiAlONs, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 28, 995 –
1003, 2008
48

LENČÉŠ Z., BENCO Ľ., MADEJOVÁ J., ZHOU Y., KIPSOVÁ L., HIRAO K.: Reaction
Synthesis and Characterisation of Lanthanum Silicon Nitride, Journal of the European
Ceramic Society 28, 1917 – 1922, 2008
ŠAJGALÍK P., DUSZA J., LENČÉŠ Z., HNATKO M., GALUSEK D., GHILLÁNYOVÁ
K.: Bulk Ceramic Nanostructures, In: Chen I-W.: Ceramics Science and Technology 1,
WILEY-VCH, Weinheim, 347 – 373, 2008, ISBN 978-527-31155-2.
DRÁBIK M., GÁLIKOVÁ Ľ., BALKOVIC S., SLADE R.C.: Macro-Defect Free Materials
with Controlled Moisture Resistance, In: Nanotechnology of concrete: Recent developments
and future perspectives, eds. K. Sobolev, S. P. Shah, American Concrete Institute, Michigan,
145 – 155, 2008, ISBN 978-0-97031-299-1
Editors of Special Journal Issues and Proceedings
ŠAJGALÍK P., LENČÉŠ Z.: Multifunctional Ceramic Nanocomposites with Self-
Diagnostic Ability of Catastrophic Damage, eds. J. A. Schwarz, C. I. Contescu, K. Putyera,
Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 1, 2006, ISBN 0-8247-5055-1
SCHUMACHER G., PRESTON S., SMITH A., ŠAJGALÍK P.: Future Perspectives of
European Materials Research, Matter and Materials 35, Forschung Centrum Juelich, 2007,
130 pages, ISBN 978-3-89336-447-0
ŠAJGALÍK P., DUSZA J., LENČÉŠ Z., HNATKO M., GALUSEK D., GHILLÁNYOVÁ
K.: Ceramic Science and Technology, eds. R. Riedel and I-W. Chen, Bulk Ceramic
Nanocomposites 1, WILEY-VCH GmBH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 347 – 375, 2008
Foreign Cooperating Institutions
• Universität Karlsruhe, Institut für Keramik im Maschinenbau, Karlsruhe, Germany
• Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Disperse Feststoffe, Darmstadt, Germany
• Institute for Ceramic Technology, ISTEC, Faenza, Italy
• University of Trento, Materials Science Department, Trento, Italy
• National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nagoya,
Japan
• University of Leeds, Materials Science Department, Leeds, United Kingdom
• Austrian Research Center, Materials Science Division, Seibersdorf, Austria
• Forschung Institut für Elektronenmikroskopie und Feinstruktur Forschung, TU Graz,
Austria
• Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan, Taiwan, PR China
49

Electron microscope EVO ® 40 Series
Selected Equipment
Universal, multiple-purpose, scanning electron microscope EVO ® 40 represents the latest
development trends in SEM technology with accurate and reproducible, full-mechanised stage
with full range of vacuum modes and all new lenses with BeamSleeve technology. The
superior X-rays geometry provides users the most exact analysis in high vacuum.
X-ray diffractometer (Bruker D8 Advance Super Speed)
The instrument is equipped with spinning copper anode (wave length 0.154 nm) and a Goebel
mirror (horizontal divergence 0.03° FWHM). The measurement of X-ray diffraction in
symmetric regime, grazing incidence of XRD, structural and voltage analysis of reflection and
reciprocal space mapping are possible.
50

DEPARTMENT OF HYDROSILICATES
Members of the Department
phone e-mail
Head
RNDr. Peter Komadel, DrSc. +421 2 59410 464 peter.komadel@savba.sk
Scientific staff
Mgr. Slávka Andrejkovičová, PhD. +421 2 59410 484 slavka.andrejkovicova@savba.sk
RNDr. Juraj Bujdák, PhD. +421 2 59410 459 juraj.bujdak@savba.sk
Mgr. Adriana Czímerová, PhD. +421 2 59410 471 adriana.czimerova@savba.sk
RNDr. Jana Hrachová, PhD. +421 2 59410 485 jana.hrachova@savba.sk
Mgr. Ľuboš Jankovič, PhD. +421 2 59410 459 lubos.jankovic@savba.sk
RNDr. Jana Madejová, DrSc. +421 2 59410 406 jana.madejova@savba.sk
Ing. Helena Pálková, PhD. +421 2 59410 485 helena.palkova@savba.sk
Ing. Martin Pentrák, PhD. +421 2 59410 484 martin.pentrak@savba.sk
Ing. Jana Valúchová, PhD. +421 2 59410 485 jana.valuchova@savba.sk
Technical staff
RNDr. Klára Hrnčiarová +421 2 59410 499 klara.hrnciarova@savba.sk
Zora Lukáčová +421 2 59410 470 zora.lukacova@savba.sk
Zuzana Rosíková +421 2 59410 470 zuzana.rosikova@savba.sk
PhD. Student
Mgr. Alexander Čeklovský +421 2 59410 471 alexander.ceklovsky@savba.sk
51

Field of Scientific Interest
Minerals from the smectite group, typically montmorillonites, are natural layered
nanomaterials and the main minerals in bentonites. Their chemistry and modifications are
investigated at the Department of Hydrosilicates since the foundation of the Institute. Primary
interest is development and characterization of attractive novel materials based on modified
smectites, such as hybrid nanomaterials with organic substances and intercalation compounds.
Chemical modifications performed recently include replacement of exchangeable cations with
protons and/or with various inorganic or organic cations, forming a systematic study targeted
on the properties of raw and modified smectites. Their possible applications are in organic
and inorganic hybrid materials, including smectite–polymer nanocomposites, optical materials
based on hybrids with organic dyes, in numerous spheres of environmental protection, etc.
The phenomena studied include new applications of IR and UV-VIS spectroscopic techniques
in materials chemistry; surface acidity; fixation of cations; barrier and sorption properties with
entrapping of environmentally hazardous compounds; properties of clay–polymer
nanocomposites; for hybrids with dyes resonance energy transfer, luminescence, formation of
molecular aggregates and photoactivity.
International and National Projects
New clay – nanosemiconductive hybrids
Bilateral Project within the Collaboration Program of Slovak Republic and Greece
Duration: 2005 – 2006
Principal Investigator in Slovakia: RNDr. P. Komadel, DrSc.
Principal Investigator in Greece: Dr. M. A. Karakassides, Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Greece
The chemical evolution of inorganic substances to amino acids, peptides
and protein precursors on the primordial earth
Bilateral Project No. GZ 45.530/1-VI/B/7a/2002
Duration: 2002 – 2006
Principal Investigator in Slovakia: RNDr. J. Bujdák, PhD.
Principal Investigator in Austria: Prof. B.M. Rode, Institute for General, Inorganic and
Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Austria
Chemical evolution
Bilateral Project
Duration: 2007 – 2008
Principal Investigator in Slovakia: RNDr. J. Bujdák, PhD.
Principal Investigator in Austria: Prof. B.M. Rode Institute for General, Inorganic and
Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Austria
Novel porous materials based on layered silicates
Bilateral Project within inter-academic agreements on scientific cooperation with Polish
Academy of Sciences
Duration: 2007 – 2009
52

Principal Investigator in Slovakia: RNDr. J. Madejová, DrSc.
Principal Investigator in Poland: Prof. E. Serwicka, Institute of Catalysis and Surface
Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
Anisotropic fluorescent thin films based on organic dyes embedded in
layered inorganics
Bilateral Project within inter-academic agreements on scientific cooperation with Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science
Duration: 2008 – 2010
Principal Investigator in Slovakia: RNDr. J. Bujdák, PhD.
Principal Investigator in Japan: Dr. N. Iyi, National Institute for Materials Science,
Tsukuba, Japan
New hybrid materials based on fluorescent polymers on inorganic carriers
Bilateral Project within inter-academic agreements on scientific cooperation with Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences
Duration: 2008 – 2010
Principal Investigator in Slovakia: RNDr. J. Bujdák, PhD.
Principal Investigator in Bulgaria: Assoc. Prof. Ivo Grabchev, Institute of Polymers,
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Physical and chemical properties of layer silicates related to their
environmental applications
VEGA Project No. 2/6177/06
Duration: 2006 – 2008
Principal Investigator: RNDr. P. Komadel, DrSc.
Supramolecular assemblies based on the molecular aggregates of organic
dyes on the surface of layered silicates
VEGA Project No. 2/6180/26
Duration: 01/2006 – 12/2008
Principal Investigator: RNDr. J. Bujdák, PhD.
Organic modifications of natural nanomaterials
APVT Project No. 51-050505
Duration: 05/2006 – 04/2009
Principal Investigator: RNDr. P. Komadel, DrSc.
Cooperating Institutions: Polymer Institute, SAS, and Envigeo, j.s.c., Banská Bystrica,
Slovakia
Anisotropical energy transfer in hybrid nanomaterials based on layered
silicates with organic dyes
APVT Project No. 51-027405
Duration: 05/2006 – 04/2009
Principal Investigator: RNDr. J. Bujdák, PhD.
Cooperating Institutions: J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the ASCR,
Czech Republic, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
53

Sciential and technological transfer in research and development of natural
nanomaterials
ESF Project No. 13120200048
Duration: 2005 – 2008
Principal Investigator: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava
Cooperating Institutions: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute of Construction and
Architecture, SAS, Bratislava
Research and education centre of excellence for solid phase research
focused on nanomaterials, environmental mineralogy and material science
APVV-VVCE Project No. 0033-07
Duration: 07/2008 – 06/2011
Principal Investigator: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava
Cooperating Institutions: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SAS, Bratislava
Selected Publications
KOMADEL P., MADEJOVÁ J.: Acid activation of clay minerals. In: Handbook of clay
Science, F. Bergaya, B.K.G. Theng, G. Lagaly ed., Developments in Clay Science, Elsevier,
Vol. 1, 263 – 287, 2006
BUJDÁK J., IYI N.: Spectral and structural characteristics of oxazine 4/hexadecyltri-
Methylammonium montmorillonite films, Chemistry of Materials 18, 2618 – 2624, 2006
KOMADEL P., MADEJOVÁ J., STUCKI J.W.: Structural Fe(III) reduction in smectites,
Applied Clay Science 34, 88 – 94, 2006
MADEJOVÁ J., PÁLKOVÁ H., KOMADEL P.: Behaviour of Li + and Cu 2+ in heated
montmorillonite: Evidence from far-, mid-, and near-IR regions, Vibrational Specroscopy 40,
80 – 88, 2006
BUJDÁK J., MARTÍNEZ MARTÍNEZ V., LÓPEZ ARBELOA F., IYI N.: Spectral
properties of rhodamine 3B adsorbed on the surface of montmorillonites with variable layer
charge, Langmuir 23, 1851 – 1859, 2007
CZÍMEROVÁ A., IYI N., BUJDÁK J.: Energy transfer between rhodamine 3B and oxazine
4 in synthetic-saponite dispersioons and films, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 306,
316 – 322, 2007
HRACHOVÁ J., MADEJOVÁ J., BILLIK P., KOMADEL P., FAJNOR V.Š.: Dry
grinding of Ca and octadecyltrimethylammonium montmorillonite, Journal of Colloid and
Interface Science 316, 589 – 595, 2007
MADEJOVÁ J., ANDREJKOVIČOVÁ S., BUJDÁK J., ČEKLOVSKÝ A.,
HRACHOVÁ J., VALÚCHOVÁ J., KOMADEL P.: Characterization of products obtained
by acid leaching of Fe-bentonite, Clay Minerals 42, 527 – 540, 2007
54

ANDREJKOVIČOVÁ S., JANOTKA I., KOMADEL P.: Evaluation of geotechnical
properties of bentonite from Lieskovec deposit, Slovakia, Applied Clay Science 38, 297 –
303, 2008
ANDREJKOVIČOVÁ S., ROCHA F., JANOTKA I., KOMADEL P.: An investigation into
the use of blends of two bentonites for geosynthetic clay liners, Geotextiles and
Geomembranes 26, 436 – 445, 2008
BUJDÁK J., CZÍMEROVÁ A., IYI N.: Structure of cationic dyes assemblies intercalated in
the films of montmorillonite, Thin Solid Films 517, 793 – 799, 2008
CZÍMEROVÁ A., IYI N., BUJDÁK J.: Fluorencence resonance energy transfer between
two cationic laser dyes in presence of the series of reduced-charge montmorillonites: Effect of
the layer charge, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 320, 140 – 151, 2008
ČEKLOVSKÝ A., CZÍMEROVÁ A., PENTRÁK M., BUJDÁK J.: Spectral properties of
TMPyP intercalated in thin films of layered silicates, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
324, 240 – 245, 2008
HRACHOVÁ J., KOMADEL P., CHODÁK I: Effect of montmorillonite modification on
mechanical properties of vulcanized natural rubber composites, Journal of Materials Science
43, 2012 – 2017, 2008
KOMADEL P., ANASTÁCIO A.S., ANDREJKOVIČOVÁ S., STUCKI J.W.: Iron phases
identified in bentonite from the Lieskovec deposit (Slovakia) by variable-temperature
Mössbauer spectroscopy, Clay Minerals 43, 107 – 115, 2008
Foreign Cooperating Institutions
• J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
• Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
• Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow,
Poland
• Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
• University of Poitiers, CNRS, HydrASA, Poitiers, France
• University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
• University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
• Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
• National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
• Nagoya University, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya, Japan
• Tokyo Metropolitan University Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
• Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
• University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, USA
• Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
55

Selected Equipment
UV-VIS spectrophotometer Cary 100 (Varian)
Dr. A. Czímerová working at UV-VIS spectrophotometer
Double beam spectrophotometer operating in the whole UV-VIS range (200-900 nm) is ideal
for measuring an extensive set of samples from solutions to solid/non-liquid optical materials.
It can be used for various scientific or applied industrial applications, e.g. quantitative
analysis of chromophores (including biochemical compounds), measuring the reaction
kinetics, etc.
Nicolet 6700 FTIR spectrometer
Dr. M. Pentrák working at FTIR spectrometer
High research-grade Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer is equipped by Smart
Accessories including Orbit diamond single bounce ATR, Specular ATR, Diffuse Reflectance
and Near-IR UpDRIFT TM . Smart Accessories are recognized by FTIR bench, which can
automatically optimize the system for the measurement technique that best suits the sample
type or problem.
56

Head
DEPARTMENT OF MOLTEN SYSTEMS
Members of the Department
phone e-mail
Ing. Miroslav Boča, PhD. +421 2 59410 490 miroslav.boca@savba.sk
Scientific staff
Ing. Michal Korenko, PhD. +421 2 59410 463 michal.korenko@savba.sk
Ing. Ladislav Kosa, CSc. +421 2 59410 495 ladislav.kosa@savba.sk
Ing. Blanka Kubíková, PhD. +421 2 59410 414 blanka.kubikova@savba.sk
Ing. Marián Kucharík, PhD. +421 2 59410 420 marian.kucharik@savba.sk
Ing. Jarmila Mlynáriková
(Cibulková), PhD.
+421 2 59410 414 jarmila.mlynarikova@savba.sk
Ing. Ivan Nerád, CSc. +421 2 59410 421 ivan.nerad@savba.sk
Ing. Zuzana Netriová
(Ivanová), PhD.
+421 2 59410 414 zuzana.netriova@savba.sk
Ing. František Šimko, PhD. +421 2 59410 420 frantisek.simko@savba.sk
Technical staff
Jarmila Heinleinová +421 2 59410 455 jarmila.heinleinova@savba.sk
Ing. Iveta Macková +421 2 59410 492 iveta.mackova@savba.sk
Ing. Eva Mikšíková +421 2 59410 492 eva.miksikova@savba.sk
Ing. Jozef Priščák +421 2 59410 489 jozef.priscak@savba.sk
RNDr. Roman Vasiljev
+421 2 59410 489 roman.vasiljev@savba.sk
57

Field of Scientific Interest
The Department of Molten Systems deals with the investigation of liquids that can be
characterized by the existence of columbic interactions at high temperatures. Basic physicochemical
properties like phase equilibria, density, electric conductivity, viscosity, interfacial
and surface tension are under the study together with the development of semi-empirical
models for better understanding of the relations between the composition, properties and
structure of inorganic melts. Preferentially, fluoride systems based on tantalum, niobium,
titanium, tin and aluminium are the objects of the research. Ambition of the Department is the
implementation of modern techniques, such as high temperature NMR and MAS NMR
spectroscopy, high temperature neutron and synchrotron diffraction methods or secondary ion
mass spectroscopy into the investigation of melts. . Rapid solidification processing is applied
in order to prepare metastable phases with the structure close to that of the liquid phase.
Applied research of the Department is connected with optimization of conditions for
electrochemical aluminium production. In recent years circulations of impurities like
phosphorus, iron, carbon, silicon and vanadium in the electrolyte for aluminium production
and their distribution between aluminium, electrolyte, anode gases and graphite have been
studied, with the aim to improve the efficiency of the production and quality of the produced
aluminium.
Projects and Cooperation
Structure and solubility of niobium complexes: high temperature and high
resolution solid state NMR study of the system KF-K2NbF7-Nb2O5
Project No. 18182
Duration: 2005 – 2006
Principal Investigator in Slovakia: Ing. F. Šimko, PhD.
In Collaboration with Centre de Recherches Sur Les Materiaux a Haute Temperature,
CNRS, 1D, Avenue de la recherche Scientifique 45071 Orleans, France
The formation of oxofluoroaluminates and Si and V impurities behaviour in
the system NaF-AlF3-Al2O3
VEGA Project 2/4071/04
Duration: 2004 – 2006
Principal Investigator: Ing. I. Nerád, CSc.
Magnetostructural correlations in unconvential magnetic materials
APVT Project No. APVT-20-005204
Duration: 2005 – 2007
Principal Investigator: Prof. RNDr. A. Feher, DrSc., University of P. J. Šafárika in Košice
Principal Investigator in IIC: Ing. M. Boča, PhD.
The physico-chemical and thermodynamic properties of the industrial
molten fluoride systems on the base of aluminium, niobium and tantalum
APVT Project No. APVT-51-008104
Duration: 2005 – 2007
58

Principal Investigator: Ing. M. Korenko, PhD.
The study of the fluoride molten-salts system with the potential for
industrial application.
VEGA Project 2/6179/26
Duration: 2006 – 2008
Principal Investigator: Ing. M. Boča, PhD.
The behaviour of impurities in industrial electrolytes for aluminium
production.
VEGA Project 2/7077/27
Duration: 2007 – 2009
Principal Investigator: Ing. F. Šimko, PhD.
Study of molten fluoride systems interested for cooling systems in advanced
high-temperature nuclear reactors.
APVV Project No.SK-FR-0013/07
Duration: 2008 – 2009
Principal Investigator in Slovakia: Ing. F. Šimko, PhD.
In Collaboration with Centre de Recherches Sur Les Materiaux a Haute Temperature,
CNRS, 1D, Avenue de la recherche Scientifique 45071 Orleans, France
Selected Publications
ŠIMKO F., BESSADA C., RAKHMATULLIN A., DANĚK V., BOČA M.: Multinuclear
High Temperature NMR Study of Na3AlF6-FeO and Na3AlF6-Fe2O3 melts, European
Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 4528 – 4532, 2006
ŠIMKO F., DANĚK V., STAŠ M.: Long-Term Material Balance of Iron in Aluminum
Reduction Cells, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 37A, 731 – 738, 2006
KOSA L., MACKOVÁ I.: Determination of the Enthalpy of Fusion of K3TaF8 and
K3TaOF6, Thermochimica Acta 447, 209 – 211, 2006
KORENKO M., ONDERCIN M.: Interfacial Tension Between Aluminium and Cryolite
Melts during Electrolysis of the System Na3AlF6-AlF3 (NaF)-Al2O3, Journal of Applied
Electrochemistry 36, 1347 – 1352, 2006
BOČA M., IVANOVÁ Z., KUCHARÍK M., CIBULKOVÁ J., VASILJEV R.,
CHRENKOVÁ M.: Density and Surface Tension of the System KF–K2TaF7–Ta2O5,
Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie 220, 1159 – 1180, 2006
NERÁD I., MIKŠÍKOVÁ E.: Thermochemical properties of the Fe-analogue of cryolite,
Na3FeF6, Central European Journal of Chemistry 5, 508 – 515, 2007
59

BOČA M., DANIELIK V., IVANOVÁ Z., MIKŠÍKOVÁ E., KUBÍKOVÁ B.: Phase
Diagram of the KF-K2TaF7 and KF-Ta2O5 System, Journal of Thermal Analysis and
Calorimetry 90, 159 – 165, 2007
ŠIMKO F., BOČA M.: The Phase Analysis on the System Na3AlF6 – Na2SiO3, Helvetica
Chimica Acta 90, 1529 – 1537, 2007
KUBÍKOVÁ B., DANĚK V., GAUNE-ESCARD M.: Physicochemical Properties of Melts
used for Electrodeposition of Niobium, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung 62a, 540 – 544, 2007
KUCHARÍK M., ŠIMKO F., DANIELIK V., BOČA M., VASILJEV R.: Thermal Analysis
of the System Na3AlF6–NaVO3, Monatshefte fur Chemie 138, 1211 – 1215, 2007
KORENKO M., KUCHARÍK M., VINCENC OBOŇA J., JANIČKOVIČ D., CORDÓBA
R., DE TERESA J. M., KUBÍKOVÁ B.: Nanotubes Made from Deeply Undercooled
Cryolite/Alumina Melts, Helvetica Chimica Acta 91, 1389 – 1399, 2008
NERÁD I., MIKŠÍKOVÁ E.: Calorimetric Study of Melts in the System KF – K2NbF7,
Central European Journal of Chemistry 6(2), 297 – 303, 2008
KUBÍKOVÁ B., MLYNÁRIKOVÁ J., BOČA M.: Intermolecular Forces in NaF + KF +
K2NbF7 System: Investigation of Surface Tension and Viscosity, Journal of Chemical and
Engineering Data 53, 812 – 815, 2008
MLYNÁRIKOVÁ J., BOČA M., KIPSOVÁ L.: The Role of the Alkaline Cations in the
Density and Volume Properties of the Melts MF−K2NbF7 (MF = LiF−NaF, LiF−KF and
NaF−KF), Journal of Molecular Liquids 140, 101 – 107, 2008
KOSA L., MACKOVÁ I., PROKS I., PRITULA O., SMRČOK Ľ., BOČA M., RUNDLŐF
H.: Phase Transitions of K2TaF7 within 680 – 800 o C, Central European Journal of Chemistry
6, 27 – 32, 2008
• Kola Science Centre RAS, Apatity, Russia
Foreign Cooperating Institutions
• Ecole Polytechnique IUSTI-CNRS, Marseille, France
• Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation-CNRS, Orléans,
France
• Nuclear Research Institute, Řež, Czech Republic
60

Selected Equipment
František Šimko in front of the NMR experimental device in a laboratory at CEMHTI in
Orleans, France
61

DEPARTMENT OF THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY
Head
Members of the Department
phone e-mail
RNDr. Ľubomír Smrčok, CSc. +421 2 59410 435 lubomir.smrcok@savba.sk
Scientific Staff
Mgr. Mariana Derzsi, PhD. +421 2 59410 475 mariana.derzi@savba.sk
Mgr. Peter Hrobárik, PhD. +421 2 59410 487 peter.hrobarik@savba.sk
Mgr. Stanislav Kedžuch, PhD. +421 2 59410 487 stanislav.kedzuch@savba.sk
Dr. Vladimír G. Malkin, DrSc. +421 2 59410 469 vladimir.malkin@savba.sk
Dr. Oľga L. Malkin, DrSc. +421 2 59410 422 olga.malkin@savba.sk
Ing.Matúš Milko, PhD. +421 2 59410 468 matus.milko@savba.sk
Ing. Eva Scholtzová, CSc. +421 2 59410 457 eva.scholtzova@savba.sk
Ing. Štefan Varga, CSc. +421 2 59410 468 stefan.varga@savba.sk
PhD. Students
Mgr. Stanislav Komorovský +421 2 59410 481 uachstno@savba.sk
Mgr. Michal Repiský +421 2 59410 481 michal.repisky@savba.sk
Part-time Jobs
Doc. Ing. Pavol Mach, CSc. +421 2 60295 682 mach@fmph.uniba.sk
Prof. RNDr. Jozef Noga, DrSc. +421 2 59410 417 jozef.noga@savba.sk
Doc. Ing. Daniel Tunega, CSc. +421 2 59410 422 daniel.tunega@univie.ac.at
Emeriti
Ing. Slavomír Ďurovič, CSc. +421 2 59410 405 slavomir.durovic@savba.sk
RNDr. Dalma Gyepesová, CSc. +421 2 59410 475 dalma.gyepesova@savba.sk
63

Field of Scientific Interest
The Department is engaged in three main research areas. Research activities of the first field
are focused on developing advanced computational methods for treating electron correlation
in molecules and solids. The second area covers studies on magnetic and electric properties of
medium-sized systems including calculations of NMR and EPR parameters of organometallic,
biologically and catalytically active substances. Another related direction is connected with
development and application of relativistic approaches for calculation of NMR and EPR
parameters for heavy-element compounds. X-ray crystal structure determination and
vibrational spectroscopy by inelastic neutron scattering in combination with solid state DFT
calculations of technologically important materials is the objective of the third research field.
International and National Projects
FUNMIG: Fundamental processes of radionuclide migration
FP6-EURATOM Project No. 516514
Duration: 01/2005 – 12/2008
Coordinator from IIC: Dr. V. Malkin, DrSc.
Lanthanide chemistry for diagnostic and therapy.
COST Project No. WG D18/02
Duration: 01/1999 – 12/2006
Coordinator from IIC: Dr. V. Malkin, DrSc.
Towards a new level of accuracy in computations of molecular structure,
molecular properties, spectroscopy and thermo-chemistry
COST Project No. WG D26/12
Duration: 01/2002 – 12/2007
Coordinator from IIC: Prof. RNDr. J. Noga, DrSc.
COMCHEM - Centre for advanced Computational Chemistry
Centre of excellence of SAS: COMCHEM
Duration: 01/2007 – 12/2010
Coordinator from IIC: Prof. RNDr. J. Noga, DrSc
MEPA - Magnetoactivity, electroactivity and photoactivity of coordination
compounds
Centre of excellence of APVV: MEPA
Duration: 01/2008 – 12/2011
Coordinator from IIC: Dr. O. Malkin, DrSc.
Application of DFT based methods for interpretation of NMR and EPR
spectra of inorganic compounds (with emphasis on transition metal
complexes) and biosystems
APVV Project No. 51-045502
64

Duration: 01/2003 – 12/2006
Principal Investigator: Dr. V. Malkin, DrSc.
Towards a higher accuracy in relativistic calculations of electronic structure
and magneto-resonance spectra of compounds containing heavy elements
APVV Project No. 0625-06
Duration: 01/2007 – 12/2009
Principal Investigator: Dr. V. Malkin, DrSc.
Properties of molecules with complicated electronic structure: Sophisticated
calculations and predictions of spectroscopic and electric properties
APVV Project No. 018405
Duration: 01/2006 – 12/2009
Principal Investigator: Prof. RNDr. J. Noga, DrSc.
Structure and dynamics of hydrogen bonds in solids by neutron diffraction,
quantum chemistry and inelastic neutron scattering (INS)
VEGA Project No. 2/6178/02
Duration: 01/2006 – 12/2008
Principal Investigator: RNDr. Ľ. Smrčok, CSc.
Towards detailed knowledge of electronic structure from quantum chemical
calculation
VEGA Project No. 2/6182/27.
Duration: 01/2006 – 12/2008
Principal Investigator: Dr. O. Malkin, DrSc.
Selected Publications
VARGA Š., MILKO M., NOGA J.: Density fitting of two-electron integrals in extended
systems with translational periodicity: The Coulomb problem, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 034106/1-
7, 2006
KAHN A., GRANOVSKY A.A., NOGA J.: Convergence of Third-Order Correlation Energy
in Atoms and Molecules, J. Comput. Chem. 28, 547 – 554, 2007
NOGA J., KEDŽUCH S., ŠIMUNEK J.: Second order explicitly correlated R12 theory
revisited: A second quantization framework for treatment of the operators' partitionings, J.
Chem. Phys. 127, 034106/1-11, 2007
NOGA J., KEDŽUCH S., ŠIMUNEK J., TENNO S.: Explicitly correlated coupled cluster
F12 theory with single and double excitations, J. Chem. Phys. 128, 174103/1-11, 2008
BOKHAN D., TENNO S., NOGA J.: Implementation of the CCSD(T)-F12 method using
cusp conditions, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 10, 3320 – 3326, 2008
65

KOMOROVSKÝ S., REPISKÝ M., MALKINA O. L., MALKIN V. G., MALKIN I.,
KAUPP M.: Resolution of identity Dirac-Kohn-Sham method using the large component
only. Calculations of g-tensor and hyperfine tensor, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 084108, 2006
MALKIN E., MALKIN I., MALKINA O. L., MALKIN V. G., KAUPP M.: Scalar
relativistic calculations of hyperfine coupling tensors using the Douglas-Kroll-Hess method
with a finite-size nucleus model, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 8, 4079 – 4085, 2006
REVIAKINE R., ARBUZNIKOV A.V., TREMBLAY J-C., REMENYI C., MALKINA O.
L., MALKIN V. G., KAUPP M: Calculation of zero-field splitting parameters: Comparison
of a two-component noncolinear spin-density-functional method and a one-component
perturbational approach, J. Chem. Phys. 125, 054110, 2006
HROBÁRIK P., REVIAKINE R., ARBUZNIKOV A. V., MALKINA O. L., MALKIN
V. G., KÖHLER F. H., KAUPP M.: Density Functional Calculations of NMR Shielding
Tensors for Paramagnetic Systems with Arbitrary Spin Multiplicity. Validation on 3d-
Metallocenes, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 024107, 2007
KOMOROVSKÝ S., REPISKÝ M., MALKINA O. L., MALKIN V. G., MALKIN I.,
KAUPP M.: A fully relativistic method for calculation of nuclear magnetic shielding tensors
with a restricted magnetically balanced basis set in the framework of the matrix Dirac-Kohn-
Sham equation, J. Chem. Phys. 128, 104101, 2008
SMRČOK Ľ., LANGER V., KŘESŤAN J.: γ-Alumina: asingle-crystal X-ray diffraction
study, Acta Crystallographica C62, i83 – i84, 2006
LANGER V., SCHOLTZOVÁ E., MACH P., SOLČAN T, SMRČOK Ľ.: 2-
Anilinomethylene-3-oxobutanenitrile: an X-ray and density functional theory study, Acta
Crystallographica C62, o544 – o546, 2006
SMRČOK Ľ., JORÍK V., SCHOLTZOVÁ E., MILATA V.: Ab initio structure
determination of 5-anilinomethylene-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione from laboratory
powder data - a combined use of X-ray, molecular and solid-state DFT study, Acta
Crystallographica B63, 477 – 484, 2007
SLÁDKOVIČOVÁ M., SMRČOK Ľ., MACH P., TUNEGA D., KOLESNIKOV A. I.:
Inelastic neutron scattering and DFT study of2-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propane diol
(TRIS), Chemical Physics 340, 245 – 259, 2007
SLÁDKOVIČOVÁ M., SMRČOK Ľ., MACH P., TUNEGA D., RAMIREZ-CUESTA A.
J.: Inelastic neutron scattering and DFT study of 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose
(levoglucosan), Journal of Molecular Structure 874, 108 – 120, 2008
Foreign Cooperating Institutions
• Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Germany
• National Center for Biomolecular Research and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
66

• Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung(INE), Karlsruhe,
Germany
• Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, Laboratoire ARECO
(Architecture, Réactivité, Electrochimie et Catalyse Organométalliques), Dijon, France
• Observatoire de Grenoble, Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
• Institute of Chemistry, Eotvös Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
• Graduate School of Information Science, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan
• Jaroslav Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the ASCR, Prague, Czech
Republic
• Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
Selected Equipment
Dr. E. Scholtzová working at a single crystal diffractometer during her visit to Prof. V.
Langer's Laboratory at Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
67

VITRUM LAUGARICIO
Joint Glass Center of the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences;
Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology; Alexander
Dubček University of Trenčín and RONA, j.s.c.
Members of VILA
Head phone e-mail
Doc. Ing. Dušan Galusek, PhD. +421 32 7400 262 galusek@tnuni.sk
Prof. Ing. Marek Liška, DrSc. +421 32 7400 299 liska@tnuni.sk
Scientific staff from IIC SAS
Ing. Mária Chromčíková, PhD. +421 32 7400 251 chromcikova@tnuni.sk
Ing. Radovan Karell, PhD. +421 32 7400 244 karell@tnuni.sk
Ing. Jaroslav Sedláček, PhD. +421 2 59410 440 jaroslav.sedlacek@savba.sk
Mgr. Peter Švančárek, PhD. +421 32 7400 244 svancarek@tnuni.sk
Scientific staff from TnU AD
Ing. Róbert Klement, PhD. +421 32 7400 244 klement@tnuni.sk
Ing. Dagmar Galusková +421 32 7400 240 galuskova@tnuni.sk
Ing. Jozef Chocholoušek, PhD. +421 32 7400 298 chocholousek@tnuni.sk
Ing. Jozef Kraxner, PhD. +421 32 7400 461 kraxner@tnuni.sk
Ing. Anna Prnová, PhD. +421 32 7400 251 prnova@tnuni.sk
PhD. Students
Ing. Jozef Chovanec +421 32 7400 461 chovanecj1@stuba.sk
Ing. Monika Michálková +421 2 59410 443 monika.michalkova@savba.sk
Mgr. Anna Piatriková +421 32 7400 251 anna.piatrikova@tnuni.sk
Dipl. Ing. Stefan Reschke (ext.) stefan.reschke@int.fhg.de
69

Field of Scientific Interest
The research in the laboratory covers two areas – the relation between composition, structure
and properties of oxide glasses, and the study of processing, microstructure, and properties of
polycrystalline ceramic materials. The first area involves the study of volume, structural and
enthalpic relaxation processes in silicate glasses, molecular dynamic simulations of structure
of glasses, study of processes during the glass batch melting, electrochemistry of glasses and
glass melts, development and optimisation of new glasses for industrial applications, and
corrosion of glasses by aqueous media. The second area covers especially polycrystalline
aluminas, with special attention paid to liquid phase sintered (LPS) aluminas, their
microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties (e.g. wear), and the relations between
the composition and structure of grain boundary phases and the properties of polycrystalline
ceramic materials.
Projects and Cooperation
Chemical effects II
Project No. DSR/SESPRI/04s029a (02/05/04)
Duration: 2005 – 2006
Principal Investigator in IIC: Prof. Ing. M. Liška, DrSc.
In Collaboration with VÚEZ j.s.c., Levice, Institue de Radioprotection et de Sureté
Nucléaire, Clamart et Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
Transparent alumina-based materials with outstanding mechanical
properties
VEGA Project No. 2/6181/26
Duration: 2006 – 2008
Principal Investigator: Doc. Ing. D. Galusek, PhD.
Cooperating Institution: Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Trenčín
Structure and properties of silicate glasses – thermodynamic models and
molecular dynamics simulations vs. experiment.
VEGA Project No. 1/3578/06
Duration: 2006 – 2008
Principal Investigator: Doc. Ing. D. Galusek, PhD.
Cooperating Institution: Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Trenčín
The complex analyze of the samples.
Project
1. ZOD No. 1079/2007/K (SUB1184856RB) Duration: 05.12.2007 – 07.02.2008
2. ZOD No. 1090/2008/K (SUB1184856RB) Duration: 20.02.2008 – 20.03.2008
3. suplement No. 1 for ZOD No. 1090/2008/K (SUB1184856RB) Duration: 18.06.2008 –
18.07.2008
Principal Investigator: Prof. Ing. M. Liška, DrSc.
70

Light weight and transparent armours
Project NATO SfP – 981770
Duration: 2005 – 2009
Principal Investigator in IIC: Doc. Ing. D. Galusek, PhD.
In Collaboration with Saint Gobain Advanced Ceramics, Turnov, Czech Republic, Ioffe
Phys.-Tech. Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, Institute for
Single Crystals of Scientific Technological Complex ”Institute for Single Crystals” of the
National Academy of Sciences, Kharkov,Ukraine
Alumina-based electroceramics for advanced plasma sources
APVV Project No. 0485-06
Duration: 2007 – 2009
Principal Investigator in IIC: Doc. Ing. D. Galusek, PhD.
In Collaboration with Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics of Comenius
University in Bratislava
Measurement and calculation of stress relaxation in glass ware during
forming and cooling processes.
Project No. AV 4/0025/07
Duration: 2007 – 2009
Principal Investigator in IIC: Ing. M. Chromčíková, PhD.
In Collaboration with RONA, j.s.c., Lednické Rovne
Selected Publications
ŠVANČÁREK P., GALUSEK D., LOUGHRAN F., BROWN A., BRYDSON R.,
ATKINSON A., RILEY F.: Microstructure-stress relationships in liquid phase sintered
alumina modified by the addition of 5 weight % of calcia-silica additives, Acta Materialia,
54, 4853 – 486, 2006
GALUSEK D., SEDLÁČEK J., ŠVANČÁREK P., RIEDEL R., SATET R., HOFFMANN
M.: The influence of post-sintering HIP on the microstructure, hardness, and indentation
fracture toughness of polymer-derived Al2O3–SiC nanocomposites, Journal of the European
Ceramic Society 27[2-3], 1237 – 1245, 2007
LICHVÁR P., ŠAJGALÍK P., LIŠKA M., GALUSEK D.: CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–Y2O3 glasses
as model grain boundary phases for Si3N4 ceramics, Journal of the European Ceramic Society
27[1], 429 – 436, 2007
BODIŠOVÁ K., GALUSEK D., ŠVANČÁREK P., ŠAJGALÍK P.: Two-stage sintering of
alumina with submicrometer grain size, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90[1], 330 – 332, 2007
GALUSEK D., SEDLÁČEK J., RIEDEL R.: Al2O3-SiC composites by warm pressing and
sintering of an organosilicon polymer-coated alumina powder, J.Eur.Ceram.Soc. 27, 2385 –
2392, 2007
71

SEDLÁČEK J., GALUSEK D., ŠVANČÁREK P., RIEDEL R., ATKINSON A., WANG
X.: Abrasive wear of Al2O3–SiC and Al2O3–(SiC)–C composites with micrometer- and
submicrometer-sized alumina matrix grains, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 28,
2983 – 2993, 2008
PRNOVÁ A., KARELL R., GALUSEK D.: The preparation of binary Al2O3-Y2O3 glass
microspheres by flame synthesis from powder oxide precursors, Ceramics-Silikáty 52[2], 109
– 114, 2008
MACHÁČEK J., GEDEON O., LIŠKA M.: Group connectivity in binary silicate glasses, J.
Non-Crystalline Solids 352, 2173 – 2179, 2006
CHROMČÍKOVÁ M., LIŠKA M.: Simple relaxation model of the reversible part of the
StepScan ® DSC record of glass transition, J. Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 84, 703 –
708, 2006
KLUVÁNEK P., KLEMENT R., KARÁČOŇ M.: Investigation of the conductivity of the
lithium borosilicate glass system, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 2004 – 2007, 2007
MACHÁČEK J., GEDEON O., LIŠKA M., CHARVÁTOVÁ S.: First principles molecular
dynamics of silicate oxynitride melt doped with scandium, yttrium and lanthanum, J. Non-
Crystalline Solids 353, 2025 – 2028, 2007
CHROMČÍKOVÁ M., LIŠKA M.: Viscosity and structural relaxation of
15Na2O·xMgO·(10-x)CaO·75SiO2 glasses, J. Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 90, 421 –
429, 2007
GEDEON O., LIŠKA M., MACHÁČEK J.: Connectivity of Q-species in binary sodiumsilicate
glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 354, 1133 – 1136, 2008
KARELL R., CHROMČÍKOVÁ M., LIŠKA M.: Properties of selected zirconia containing
silicate glasses III, Ceramics – Silikáty 52, 102 – 108, 2008
KRAXNER J., KLEMENT R., LIŠKA M.: High-temperature viscosity and density of
alumino-borosilicate glasses as a model system for commercial E-glass, Ceramics – Silikáty
52, 148 – 154, 2008
Foreign Cooperating Institutions
• Saint Gobain Advanced Ceramics, Turnov, Czech Republic
• Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
• Institute for Single Crystals, Kharkov, Ukraine
• Department of Materials, TU Darmstadt, Germany
• Department of Materials, Imperial College, London, UK
• Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
• University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
• VTUO Brno, Czech Republic
72

Varian Vista MPX
Selected Equipment
Optical Emission Spectroscopy in Inductively Coupled Plasma – chemical analysis of
solutions
Varian GS280
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with graphite furnace and Zeeman correction for trace
chemical analysis of solutions
73