British Breeder Magazine November 2019

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Feature - ARTICLERespiratory disease:Don’t take the riskDid you know that respiratory diseaseis one of the most significant causes ofpoor performance in sports horses andthat young horses are most susceptibleto infection1, says Zoetis Vet Dr WendyTalbot. Respiratory diseases are highlycontagious and can pass rapidly fromhorse to horse, especially when horsesare mixing in close contact such as atequine events.1,2Flu isn’t the only infectiousrespiratory diseaseThe recent flu outbreaks have alertedhorse owners to the detrimentaleffects of this common viral respiratorydisease, which can cause serious illnessespecially in unvaccinated, young orill horses.1 These outbreaks have alsoserved to raised awareness of anothercommon infectious respiratory diseasethat may not yet have reached everyhorse breeder’s radar – Equine HerpesVirus (EHV). It has potentially seriouswelfare, performance and financialimplications across every sector of theequestrian industry and it’s in everybreeder’s interests to be aware of itand take appropriate steps to minimisethe risks to our horses. 3,4What is Equine Herpes Virus (EHV)?EHV is related to human cold sores,chicken pox and shingles viruses. It cancause respiratory disease, abortion andneurological disease.5Just like the human viruses, EHV liesdormant (latent infection) in thehorse after it recovers from infection.Carrier horses show no clinical signs,but the infection remains in theirbody and the virus can be reactivatedat any time and spread to otherhorses. Reactivation often occursduring stressful conditions or a periodof fatigue such as during transport,strenuous exercise or mixing atequine events.3 Reactivation resultsin the virus being released into theenvironment (‘viral shedding’) andthe potential for new outbreaks andclinical cases which can affect thehealth of the whole yard.5Isolation HRHow is EHV transmitted?EHV can be transmitted by directhorse-to-horse contact such asnose-to-nose touching and by nasalor ocular discharge, which can travelthrough the air over short distances.It can also be spread by sharinginfected equipment, includingwheelbarrows, brushes and buckets andvia the hands and clothes of peoplewho have been in contact with infectedhorses.6What are the symptoms of EHV?The symptoms of EHV can be verysimilar to equine flu such as a hightemperature, snotty or runny nose, drycough, lethargy, loss of appetite andswollen neck glands. It can also causeabortion in pregnant mares. Nervoussystem problems are less common butcan result in the horse appearing weakand wobbly on its hind legs, oftenaccompanied by urinary incontinence.2How can I reduce the risks of EHV?Reducing the spread of Equine HerpesVirus through management, as well asvaccination, is important for diseasecontrol. As with flu, rigorous hygieneand isolation protocols (known as‘biosecurity’) are imperative to helpminimise the risks of EHV spreading;avoid contact with other horses, don’tshare equipment, bowls or stablesand quarantine all new horses. Alsoremember that humans can spread EHVindirectly via their hands or clothingif they have been in contact with aninfected horse.5,6 It’s also importantnot to mix unvaccinated horses withvaccinated ones to provide the bestlevel of protection.4If you think your horse may have anysymptoms of respiratory disease it’ssensible to isolate them immediatelyand contact your vet to discuss thenext course of action. In most caseshorses will make a good recoveryfrom EHV respiratory disease, theprognosis is guarded for those with EHVneurological disease.242 | BRITISH BREEDER
Feature - ARTICLEVaccinationVaccination against EHV is importantbecause it helps tip the balance infavour of the horse’s immune system. Itreduces viral shedding, the severity andspread of the respiratory disease andthe frequency of abortion.4Vaccination and subsequent boostersfor young horses should be timedto provide the maximal level ofimmune protection for the stressesassociated with weaning, transport,relocation, introduction into new socialgroups, yearling sales, training andperformance events.2 Mares shouldbe vaccinated during pregnancy;additionally all other horses on thepremises should be vaccinated.4Speak to your vet for further advice.MM-064251. Davis E. Disorders of the respiratory system. In: Reed, Bayly WM, Sellon DC, eds. Equine Internal Medicine, 4th ed. St Louis,MO: Elsevier, 2018: 313- 3862. Allen GP. Respiratory Infections by Equine Herpesvirus Types 1 and 4. International Veterinary Information Service. 20023. Slater J. Equine Herpesviruses. Eds, Sellon DC and Long MT. Equine Infectious Diseases, Chapter 14. 2nd Edition. Saunders, StLouis, Missouri. 2014, 151-1684. Ivens P, Rendle D, Kydd J, Crabtree J, Moore S, Neal H, Knapp S, Bryant N, Newton JR. Equine Herpesviruses: A RoundtableDiscussion. UK Vet Equine, July/Aug. 20195. Slater J. What is Equine Herpes Virus? Accessed August 2019. https://www.horsedialog.co.uk/Health/WhatisEHV.aspx6. Epidemic disease caused by equine herpesvirus-1: recommendations for prevention and control. Allen, G. P. Equine VeterinaryEducation; 14(3):136-142. 2002.ROT-FREE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSMADE FROM 100% RECYCLED PLASTICPASTURE FENCE (3 OR 5 CROSSBARS)SPECIALIST EQUINEREPRODUCTIVE SERVICESFENCE POSTSPADDOCK SLABS• BEVA approved practice for AI• Embryo transfer• Defra-approved semenlaboratory• Semen collection & analysis• Semen freezing• Mare & Stallion infertilityinvestigations• Neonatal & Older FoalIntensive Care UnitDiscuss your requirementswith Lorraine Palmer on01638 663150ROSSDALES EQUINE PRACTICEHigh Street, Newmarket, CB8 8JSPilkingtons SiteRake Lane, SwintonManchester M27 8LJ+44 (0)161 850 1965info@hahnplastics.co.ukwww.hahnplastics.co.ukwww.rossdales.comBRITISH BREEDER| 43
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Page 7 and 8: NEWS - BRITISH EVENTINGBritishEvent
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British Breeder Magazine November 2019

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