Research Programme - usaid

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Livestockl Ticks Asscssinent of host rcsistncc hV iit. atlennal test23 Inriunisati n of' rabbIit with soluhle antigen !ronii cnibronic cell lines 24 I'linilieiii "UM Il;ll to" Itill at 01 Vcjeta 24 I:cld studics oi natiral ersistmce 25 Rcsistance induccd h hr.tory and iell R. opqo'zi~l~tIs 27 Rahbil car cmnkcr and lick rc,,islamc. 27 Ticks and livestock produciIly on lR.singa Island 2? Resistalce to R. )/)p'dic'lmi/i. ainId . pra Iransmission 29 'haractcrieatioi itmantigens ftoni sali a~y gland, reproductive system, git ait InioClnmpd.VIh Of R, opij/lltdiitus enalcs 30 /11 1
_<strong>Research</strong> <strong>Programme</strong> WLivestock Ticks The rile/ift developlei'itsit,itk-birie disease contirol miake possible ili'luse of" other inethdmi of 'lotitroling lif ks hcside. iit'frequent appli(-tiioni ofacaricides. ithei/lai'i/ eIt'rittit's to saturatio, dipping or .t,irvinug o'acaricihs are greatly inc'reasct intt'rvaisit'e,, i/ti tl/i'tiioi/ p 5oj llUricid's (tidfhe stilt' 'itation of bothi tiflrall/I at /tirt' rtl artijci'als.' itliceil ho tresi. sitt'' to the tick. lih IP II l .' ,v'tk Tli/ iks P ogra iit" hts Ioit e 'trati'd its efjorts onbthe i is-jul/O. tI't H'si'Po/.' 10 1lvil/,,i itiail . 'i's.jii ieil',lio tsfratiotso'invioi.' it' iltrIlbitN /Ild 'ath1fi' oiItroll '1/-1)ltlll'k appe .ttpirioitentsalaiiist 1111t it: ttl Rhipicephal ii it i t'oliot, h' u,',~'ltit/rltoiliurt'ritork is iii oixt'li 'n'k iba/lent'g sitttttio I// t Ith/, l' iiItm qn-ceA't fv i' br -V.lotl%flt'idtt/lte iorll. lata' i'tiri// sttiii'ill lo.%t relst immuntttil~v toncet)ot to preventII Imtses ilt[prodttctivi.''v. A coi/tieraAle bitld tll) iii thi ttit/ puto,/'tioll cal occl ri at/u l ro.iirbosistat , T1he progkraino, hit.I tlitts ill t'e~t its vJ]is to isvolaite tiitil .vnwhich are nrot ntornia+.llY prl'wsctcd to1/1"how/ 11t1ringq .]'tlingt, i/l bwtwill i l/O.pc intduce e% silult host antibodies that wiit,,(11h, tte/., llly tih thc'tic hJV'c'v(it-hi Ih, intietedIiarctlttralbyInto/ Ille 111W. ASSESS MENT OF |i,S'tRt;1 AN (I!i Y1 hoth SitCds I/I the neck o 3 sutsccpt ible and 3 "'exposed" INTRADI). MAt. I1SI cattle. The skin thickness was icisutred before inocula- IAi Capsttk'. JJ d' (tutr,,.t..iitt,, ititu Indat3(0, (0, inoculatio~n. )I minutes and 24 and 48 hours after Binta and Cunningham described the use of Rhipicephahts altpendiculatti' larval extract to demonstrate an intradermal response incattle which had beep exposed to tick feeding. 'Ihe response was of the immediate hypersensitivity type. It was proposed that this reaction could form the basis of a field test that could be used to select tick-naive animals for further immunisation experiments, or assess the immune status of herds of cattle. A comparison wa' made of 3 antigens in both tick-naive and tick-exposed cattle. R.appendiculatis larval and tick salivary gland extracts were prepared by grinding in phoisphate buffer saline (1[13S) /til 'cltrifugingat 31101 rpm for 10 minutes to remove gross debris. Tissue culture extract was prepared by .onicating cells from cultures of' embryonic R. ,pp'ndiculatav.Protein levels in each antigen swere estimated by the method of ILowry and were between 8.(and 16.0 mg/ml. Tenfold dilutions ofeach antigen were prepared in PBS and 0.1 ml of each dilution inoculated intradermally into Results Time of maxiunwn response. All 3 antigens induced responses aS rapidly as 10 minutes after injection. This reaction was an oedematous swelling which increased in size for up to 60 minutes and was reduced by 90 minutes. By 24 hours the response had disappeared. Level of respon-se. 'rhe reactions to the antigens were taken ais positive if there was an increase in skin thickness of 4 mm over the original measurement. Using this as a basis the responses to the dilution of antigen are presented in Tahle I. Neither larval nor tissue-culture extract reacted at the undiluted levelin the naive animals, but both extracts reacted to a dilution of approximately I in 500 in tick Cxposid animals. Salivary gland antigen reacted in ticknaive animals to a similar dilution level as in tick-exposed animals, and war judged to be unsuitable for use in a discriminatory test between naive and exposed animals. 23
Page 1 and 2: -A 11c \A- N .
Page 3 and 4: 1986 Retirement class (April 1986)
Page 5 and 6: Contents Governing Board Donors For
Page 7 and 8: Crop Pests 13iononi ics and applicd
Page 9 and 10: Crop Pests IIIONOMIC'S AN!) APIt.It
Page 11 and 12: C'op PeIs numberofmalesmated;themat
Page 13 and 14: Crop IP'ex Evaluation of Additional
Page 15 and 16: Crop IP'nt being susceptible and th
Page 17 and 18: canopy while in others peduincies w
Page 19 and 20: Crop Pests temperature of 25°C. Ob
Page 21 and 22: the population studies of the pest
Page 23: Crop Pests Table I Primary u cs ol
Page 27 and 28: showed a capacity to control their
Page 29 and 30: RESISTANCE INDUCED BY LABORATORY AN
Page 31 and 32: ate and market value. The number of
Page 33 and 34: 160,000. A B C D E F G H 92,500 -._
Page 35 and 36: Medical Vectors --- Research Progra
Page 37 and 38: Table 3 Inoculation olf io e ", ih
Page 39 and 40: Ctlrtlaiintingtlir ,us ,Crc eattfmi
Page 41 and 42: Ase 'Ijucse anid I Iypflritsoijasis
Page 43 and 44: Population data analysis R.D. Drawf
Page 45 and 46: Tvetve COINI UNITY I'AR''C:ItA It'I
Page 47 and 48: lsetse THE COINCIDENCE OF VIRt'S-.I
Page 49 and 50: Tsts.e (BUT), 14 stocks produced po
Page 51 and 52: against TAME. The individual fracti
Page 53 and 54: aised (Eleventh Annual Report, 1983
Page 55 and 56: Chemistry andi Bioassaiy Svnopsis o
Page 57 and 58: Chemistry and BIoa%vin Pheromone an
Page 59 and 60: It is an important finding that the
Page 61 and 62: Chemistry and Bioassay needles (m.p
Page 63 and 64: 90- +-90 70- 70 5 50 30- 30 1 10 40
Page 65 and 66: Chenuirv and Ili..st "('-tnr tl; *t
Page 67 and 68: ;Histology and Fine Structure Resea
Page 69 and 70: N7c5 etk un n t im te Itll. (1 li s
Page 71 and 72: FHII(ROPtYSIOI.OGICA. ANI ttttAVI(U
Page 73 and 74: Fle'I, I IIlt,: I , dco . IlInIII 1
Page 75 and 76:
Sen.ory'chyiiology Tahble 2. Chilop
Page 77 and 78:
J he available data sho, that the E
Page 79 and 80:
Outreach and 'I'raining Outreach an
Page 81 and 82:
Outreachand Training more structur-
Page 83 and 84:
Outreach arid Iramiiii senior IC IP
Page 85 and 86:
_a Computer A('COMPLISHiMEN'I S 1.
Page 87 and 88:
are being used for data processing.
Page 89 and 90:
Communication and Information Divis
Page 91 and 92:
* The goal must be to reach the ful
Page 93 and 94:
Management The management and admin
Page 95 and 96:
1985 Publications Alghalh. A M , In
Page 97 and 98:
1985 Personnel ()FFI('i()I I I MlRI
Page 99 and 100:
Mr. A.A. I atif.Phi.). tuid,,it Mr.
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