dan01

possible effects from the exposure. Total productivity within 200 m was on average 46% less
than that found at a distance greater than 300 m from the emitting station. An analogous
significant difference was found in the breeding success: in 40% more of the cases no newborn
chicks were found in the nest.
…
Amongst the more recent laboratory studies, evidence of an effect of RF-EMF on mortality and
development of embryos was in all cases found at both high and low dosages. In all the five
field studies found a significant effect of RF-EMF on breeding density, reproduction or species
composition. Field observations give a closer representation of real-life exposure, thus RF-EMF,
especially in the 900 MHz GSM band could be a certain factor influencing the ecology of birds.”
Burlaka et al. (2013, p. 223):
”In conclusion, the exposure of developing quail embryos in ovo to extremely low intensity RF-
EMR of GSM 900MHz during at least one hundred and fifty-eight hours discontinuously leads to
the significantly increased rates of superoxide and nitrogen oxide generation in embryo cells.
This was accompanied by a significantly increased level of lipid peroxidation, a depression of
key antioxidant enzymes activity, and significantly, 2–3-fold, increased level of oxidative
damage of DNA in embryo cells.” (Emphasis added.)
Alfonso Balmori (2015), ”Anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as an emerging
threat to wildlife orientation” 57 , p. 59:
Low-voltage electricity current-generated electromagnetic field can produce a significantly
negative effect on the breeding success of birds (Ciconia ciconia) nesting directly on electricity
lines (Vaitkuvienė and Dagys, 2014) and these same results have been found in nests exposed
to radiofrequency radiation near phone masts (Balmori, 2005).”
Yakymenko et al. (2015, p. 194):
”We could ascertain the signaling effects of moderate levels of free radicals from our
experiments in quail embryos irradiated with the commercial cell phone. Thus, we were able to
show that the prolonged exposures of embryos in ovo led to robust repression of their
development (Tsybulin et al., 2013), which was concomitant with significant overproduction of
superoxide radical and NO radical, increased rates of lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage
of DNA (Burlaka et al., 2013; Tsybulin et al., 2012).” (Emphasis added.)
Shende et al. (2015) ”Electromagnetic Radiations: A Possible Impact on Population of
House Sparrow (Passer Domesticus)” 58 (p. 45):
”By monthly monitoring in urban and rural area, it is found that the population of house
sparrow is declining in the urban area, where cell phone towers are more as compared to the
rural area in every season.”
----
An area of special attention in the scientific literature is comprised of investigations into the
effect of radiofrequent electromagnetic radiation on birds' biologically determined orientation
abilities.
Birds are, like a range of other animals, cf. item 1.2.3.2. below, born with what can be
described a form of a built-in, magnetically based compass, which implies that they will be able
to find their way when migrating..
57 Published in 2015 in the scientific journal “Science of the Total Environment,” pp. 58 – 60.
58 Published in 2015 in the scientific journal “Engineering International,” vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 45 – 52.
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