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SESSION PEER GROUP European Environment Agency SDI – progress and plans to support the implementation of a shared environmental information system M.P. Lund, J. Bliki, A. Sousa, M. Erhard, T. Jessen, C. Steenmans European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark The concept of the spatial data infrastructure (SDI) proposal for the European Environment Agency (EEA) was drafted in 2002. Since then, EEA has gradually implemented the different components of its SDI, in line with the visions from Agenda 21, the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association and the INSPIRE proposal. EEA focuses on the production, dissemination and quality assurance of environmental thematic geospatial datasets to support integrated assessment and reporting on Europe’s environment. Priority is given to transboundary issues. A number of services are provided spanning from metadata discovery over geospatial view services to download facilities, in line with the vision and principles of INSPIRE. For a number of years the EEA dataservice at http://dataservice.eea.eu.int/ has been the place where all datasets compiled or used by EEA are stored, geospatial as well as tabular data. Analytical products like maps and graphs are also stored here. Metadata are published for each dataset, map or graph and a download facility is available. A quality label based on ISO19113/4 reporting was recently introduced for European datasets produced by EEA. The EEA dataservice serves both as an archive internally and as a discovery and download service for its users, i.e. the European Information and Observation Network (EIONET), European Commission and Parliament, the public, etc. The dataservice is widely used with at present on average 6000 downloads per month for geospatial datasets alone. Still improvements on metadata and user friendliness can be achieved. The EEA metadata standard for geographic information (EEA-MSGI) has been in operation for three years now. The MSGI is a profile of ISO 19115 and along with an EEA metadata editor and a metadata tool package it supports the documentation of workflows of geospatial data handling at EEA. Improvements that would allow for the XML-based metadata to be discovered independently of the metadata provided on EEA dataservice would need further development. Since December 2004 prototype view services have been developed. The success of these web map viewers comes from a tool box concept developed by EEA that allows re-use of the same standard components in different map services. Thereby the user requirements have been separated from the technology which is a huge advantage for developing and maintaining the services. The toolbox includes customized layout and querying. In the longer perspective harmonized tools for analyses will be added. In 2003 EEA had five operational view services. In 2006 it will be more than 30 operational services. The view services are developed to facilitate access to environmental information related to nature, emissions, land cover, air quality, water, etc., and they rely on high quality, harmonised European data that are related to core geographic reference data. Direct access to geospatial data between EEA, based in Copenhagen, and its European topic centre on terrestrial environment, based in Barcelona, has been installed as a first step towards distributed information management. The advantages of improved data management, maintenance and exchange are manifold, but poses at the same time new challenges regarding versioning standards and notification services. Key EEA products and services such as the recent ‘The European environment - State and outlook 2005’ report, the indicator management system, the reporting mechanisms on sectors and environment (i.e. agriculture, transport, energy) are more and more using SDI as the backbone for data and information management. These concrete products and services helped EEA to overcome most of today’s technical challenges for implementation of a spatial data infrastructure and are paving the way towards an operational shared environmental information system in Europe. Papers, documentation and tools for geospatial data and SDI developed by EEA are available from www.eionet.eu.int/gis. 14
SESSION PEER GROUP Contaminated Environments, Risk Assessment and Remediation Strategies B. Münier, S. Gyldenkærne, P.B. Sørensen, M. Thomsen, P. Fauser National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark Risk assessment of chemical substances has been an area of increasing concern for many years, in the beginning mainly related to risks posed by specific substances to humans and to the environment. Recently, the area of risk assessment has been extended to cumulative effects including other types of stressors, such as climate, habitat fragmentation, soil quality etc., and human, modified as well as natural ecosystems. The spatial dimension within risk assessment is thus critical for the cumulative risk assessment. The development of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and tools for spatial analysis and modelling has substantially supported this development by greatly improving capabilities for collection, analysis and presentation of geographical phenomena and data. Ongoing activities are needed, where improvements in GI-technologies and modelling approaches are adopted to support of cumulative risk assessment through risk mapping. This paper presents examples of risk mapping and first tasks regarding cumulative risk assessment recently carried out in Denmark, mainly provided by the ongoing EU research project 'Nomiracle' (NOvel Methods for Integrated Risk Assessment of CumuLative stressors in Europe). The aim of the 'Nomiracle' project is to assess cumulative risks from combined chemical exposures of humans and the environment together with stressors originating from natural and landscape conditions. Denmark features a unique combination of especially explicit large-scale data on sector activities and monitoring data, together with other detailed spatial data, which are available for the entire country. Examples cover pesticide emissions from agricultural production, emissions from road transport and heating and from industry. Exposure is to freshwater ecosystems and humans and related to value and vulnerability indicators of ecosystems. Along with this overview, preliminary results exist regarding mapping of potential risks occurring from pesticide application in agricultural production. Initial investigations of the relationship between the occurrences of specific groups of freshwater invertebrates indicate negative correlation of Gammarus Pulex with agricultural activities around the streams. The study was based upon species counts from 80 selected freshwater monitoring stations, which have been correlated against modelled agricultural activity and pesticide application within a buffer zone of 50 m on both sides of the water courses for an area until 1km upstream of the monitoring stations. This has been held up against a nation-wide characterisation and risk assessment of catchments for the whole of Denmark with regard to agricultural production and target water quality for Danish streams and other watercourses. Risk analysis and mapping help scientists explore and understand the nature and effects of environmental stressors. Risk maps and new technologies like web-based risk assessment must be expected to form powerful tools to communicate results of complex environmental risk assessment to stakeholders and the public in the near future. Anyway, there still is a great lack of knowledge mainly regarding the spatial implication of fate and transport of substances and other stressors, and on their effect on the environment. Acknowledgement: This research was financially supported by the European Union (European Commission, FP6 Contract No. 003956). 'NoMiracle' is an Integrated Project (IP) to Call FP6-2003-Global-2. Priority 1.1.6.3 of the Sixth Framework Programme (FP6): ‘Global Change and Ecosystems’ Topic VII.1.1.a (‘Development of risk assessment methodologies’), see: http://nomiracle.jrc.it/default.aspx. 15
Page 1 and 2: The mission of the JRC is to provid
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents MISSION STATEMENT
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European Commission EUR 22318 DG Jo
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