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SESSION METADATA AND CATALOGUES Distributed Metadata Catalogues Theory vs. Reality I. Kanellopoulos, M. Millot, L. Bernard, K. Senkler, U. Voges 1 European Commission – DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability 2 con terra GmbH Catalogues of geographic resources are one of the core components of a Spatial Data Infrastructure. Geographic data catalogues are discovery and access systems that use metadata as the target for query on geographic information. In addition to catalogues that contain metadata about geospatial data, there are also catalogues that describe geographic services. Metadata is the information and documentation, which makes geographic resources understandable and sharable for users over time. Metadata are usually stored in a catalogue, and accessible to applications and services via catalogue interfaces. Catalogues have three essential purposes: � To assist in the organization and management of diverse geospatial resources for discovery and access, � To discover resource information from diverse sources and gather it into a single, searchable location, and � To provide a means of locating, retrieving and storing the resources indexed by the catalogue. The scope of this presentation is to provide a state of the art overview of distributed metadata catalogues based on a recent project by JRC on “Access to Distributed Catalogue Services”. The project by JRC focused on catalogue services compliant with the Open Geospatial Consortium CSW 2.0 catalogue specification. The presentation will discuss in particular the problems and technical issues associated with both catalogue services and related specifications which currently make catalogue interoperability a challenging task. For the purposes of this work emphasis was given on the diverse solutions that exist for the discovery and retrieval of metadata for geographic resources from distributed catalogue metadata services. These may also be distributed catalogues themselves (cascading catalogues) and they may be based on different application profiles or protocols. These solutions include: � Real time search of distributed catalogues. To evaluate the complexity of distributed catalogue searches, assess the interoperability of potentially diverse protocol binding and application profiles. Appropriate software tools were developed and tested to allow access to selected distributed catalogue services. � Harvesting: the ability to access distributed metadata repositories and retrieve metadata to a local catalogue. Subsequent searches are then performed on the local catalogue. The creation of metadata and the implementation of discovery services are required by the proposal for a directive on the establishment of the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE). This distributed catalogue project provides support to the technical developments within INSPIRE and in particular towards the development of the European community geoportal. The software system implemented allows users to indicate what type of geographic information or services they look for, using the criteria referred to in the INSPIRE proposal for directive. 24
SESSION METADATA AND CATALOGUES Near-term metadata challenges M. Gould, J. Rocha, S. Nativi, J. Nogueras, M. Manso 1 Information Systems, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain 2 Computer Science, Universidade de Minho, Braga, Portugal 3 Inst. Methodologies for Environ. Analysis, CNR-IMAA, Italy 4 Computer Science and Engineering, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain 5 Topographic Engineering and Cartography, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain Based on experience from the AGILE Working Group on interoperability, SDI component development projects, and from the INSPIRE metadata Implementation Rules Drafting Team, we describe our personal views on near-term metadata challenges in support of a fully functional and useful SDI under the INSPIRE umbrella. We address both current (and legacy) issues as well as future needs, focusing on advances that are judged as possible within the coming 5 years. Our views and recommendations fall under the following seven categories. Shift from cartographic to informatics viewpoint Geodata are collections of digital objects. Particular assemblies of these objects, when displayed, become maps. Spatial metadata need to facilitate discovery and description of historical and current data in the form of map series and even individual paper maps, however this will soon become the rare legacy case. Modern metadata need to be able to provide discovery and description of objects: features encapsulating geometry, associated thematic attributes, self-description, and behaviour rules. Other related multimedia fields of study have much to offer here. Automated production and extraction Metadata text editors are also destined to become legacy applications. The geodata collection or creation process needs to explicitly include the metadata creation process, as is now common in the remote sensing and other communities. The geodata community needs to change its mindset, through education initiatives, so that the next generation of geodata specialists naturally expects metadata to be present and attached or associated with the geodata payload. Automatic extraction from within a GIS environment currently can collect an estimated 50% of the core metadata necessary to provide discovery-level interoperability. For this practice to become commonplace mindsets also need to change to accept the fact that users may, and will, create their own metadata, being geodata experts or not, as they become user-providers. Separation of discovery and description Current metadata standards include the ability to discover and describe geodata resources. However it is clever implementation practice, and not the standards themselves, that creates innovative, useful services based on metadata. Much work is needed in order to educate the community on the key differences between discovery metadata—determining what is available—from the secondary description of what is discovered. Current standards mix these two metadata types among the (often) hundreds of elements in the same document, and this causes confusion as it mixes the user/discovery and provider/cataloguing communities. Linking metadata to data to services The three worlds of creation and publication of metadata, data, and services continue to exist in parallel rather than in an integrated form. Work on the creation and use of identifiers linking these three aspects, facilitating the use of registries, is direly needed. Enabling an optimal use of thesauri to aid multilinguality True pan-European network services need to support automated multilingual support. This will involve linking various parts of the user experience to multilingual thesauri and gazetteers, permitting queries in one language to be handled using metadata in another language, with responses in perhaps yet another. The SDIGER (INSPIRE pilot) project, among others, has provided interesting input to this issue. Treatment of imagery and other Earth Science data As observational and model output datasets in the Earth Sciences (ES) increase in resolution, there is a growing demand for information systems that interoperate between GI and ES domains. However, differences 25
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European Commission EUR 22318 DG Jo
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