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exist, which can optimize the sewer detection (Fig. 1.4.5). The advantages of these systems are: more reliable data, continuous profile of pipe walls, robot module, higher benefit/cost ratio than the rational methods (e.g., CCTV, Ultrasonic and GPR). The disadvantages of these systems are: they are in prototypical or testing stage that require further development for field implementation and high initial cost (Wirahadikusumah et al., 1998). Fig. 1.4.5: Images recovered that highlight damages or illicit discharges. C. this was carried out by SSET, the infiltration at join and the damages were detected (Abraham et al., 1997). The following Tab. 1.4-1 summarizes and compares the method for sewer investigation discusses above. 29
Tab. 1.4-1: how to use diagnostic techniques by (Makar, 1999). The diagnostic techniques that: give informations about the structural sewer state comparable to those provided by the novel methods developed within APUSS project and allow to estimate the structural state of running sewer are: • Stationary CCTV; • Computer assisted CCTV; • Laser scanning; • Ultrasound; • Micro-deflection; • Impact echo; • SASW. 30
Page 1 and 2: Università degli studi di Roma “
Page 3 and 4: INDEX CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM........
Page 5 and 6: ANNEX 6 - PRIGIOBBE, V.; GIULIANELL
Page 7 and 8: FIGURE INDEX FIG. 1.3.1: PPIS FOR I
Page 9 and 10: MOTIVATION This dissertation presen
Page 11 and 12: INTRODUCTION The thesis is divided
Page 13 and 14: 2000; Jorgesen and halling-Sorensen
Page 15 and 16: Concerning virus transport and surv
Page 17 and 18: The motivation of the study of the
Page 19 and 20: Sewer material Sewer joint type and
Page 21 and 22: 2. data by field visits: condition
Page 23 and 24: to be large enough to provide signi
Page 25 and 26: Fig. 1.3.2: PPIs for infiltration (
Page 27 and 28: well as cost-effective. Although it
Page 29: drain and sewer system outside buil
Page 33 and 34: Dietrich, D. R..; Webb, S.F.; Petry
Page 35 and 36: Rauch, W.; Stegner, Th. (1994). The
Page 37 and 38: for the calibration and/or validati
Page 39 and 40: If the complete mixing occurs the e
Page 41 and 42: 2.2.3 Hydrodynamic background of QU
Page 43 and 44: The three dimensional equation (Eq.
Page 45 and 46: et = νt Eq. 2.2-15 but for buoyant
Page 47 and 48: where y is the vertical axis [m] an
Page 49 and 50: Fig. 2.2.4: Concentration profile d
Page 51 and 52: Mid-Field and Transverse Mixing The
Page 53 and 54: where = = u * and Lt = water
Page 55 and 56: The mixing distances are determined
Page 57 and 58: The methods used for measuring the
Page 59 and 60: This equation gives a Gaussian spat
Page 61 and 62: where Kx is undimensionalized by b
Page 63 and 64: time-varying concentration input at
Page 65 and 66: at the confluence, because if exfil
Page 67 and 68: e. at the natural site the discorda
Page 69 and 70: 2.2.4 Application Advection-Dispers
Page 71 and 72: 2.2.5 Sampling and Measurements In
Page 73 and 74: 2.3 Methods for Quantifying the Inf
Page 75 and 76: an urban sewer network. The chemica
Page 77 and 78: the various isotopes of an element
Page 79 and 80: 3. biological reaction due to organ
Page 81 and 82:
Fig. 2.3.4 Fractionation factors α
Page 83 and 84:
isotopic fractionation than faster
Page 85 and 86:
The dashed lines in Fig. 2.3.5 show
Page 87 and 88:
In Italy, Longinelli and Selmo (200
Page 89 and 90:
egions and it has been applied for
Page 91 and 92:
2.4 Reference Best, J. L., and Roy,
Page 93 and 94:
Kracht, O.; Gresch, M.; de Bennedit
Page 95 and 96:
CHAPTER 3 Experimental Design and F
Page 97 and 98:
and B 2 ⎛ ⎜ = ⎜2 ⎜ ⎜ ⎝
Page 99 and 100:
After a general uncertainty analysi
Page 101 and 102:
3.3 QUEST In this paragraph, the QU
Page 103 and 104:
t= endIpeak M 2 e'( C exf = 1− t=
Page 105 and 106:
Tab. 3.3-1: sources of uncertainty
Page 107 and 108:
discussed, and a mathematical appro
Page 109 and 110:
Overlapping Peak routine) is the ro
Page 111 and 112:
Fig. 3.3.7: Conductivity peaks in g
Page 113 and 114:
# INTEGRATION of Reference and Indi
Page 115 and 116:
# regression time definition # ====
Page 117 and 118:
samp[,2:length(par.vector.mean)]
Page 119 and 120:
e
Page 121 and 122:
n.ref
Page 123 and 124:
{ Q.Ref[i]
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} # Plot # ==== range
Page 127 and 128:
3.4 QUEST-C For the application of
Page 129 and 130:
3.6 POLLUTOGRAPH METHOD The equatio
Page 131 and 132:
Fig. 3.6.3: COD measurements after
Page 133 and 134:
Tab. 3.6-1 and the hydrograph separ
Page 135:
Annex 1 Giulianelli, M.; Prigiobbe,
Page 147 and 148:
10 th International Conference on U
Page 149:
Annex 3 Giulianelli, M.; Mazza, M.;
Page 175:
Annex 5 Rieckermann, J.; Bareš, V.
Page 187 and 188:
Application of a novel method for a
Page 189 and 190:
Fig. 1 right: fractionation of 18 O
Page 191 and 192:
The experimental area called Infern
Page 193 and 194:
Table 1 data of isotopic compositio
Page 195 and 196:
During the storage of wastewater sa
Page 197 and 198:
Fig. 7 error propagation with Monte
Page 199 and 200:
Majoube, M., 1971. Fractionnement e
Page 201 and 202:
th 16P P European Junior Scientist
Page 203 and 204:
By the administrative level, the ma
Page 205 and 206:
Fig. 2 - “Node” topology elemen
Page 207 and 208:
By topologic overlay (overlapping t
Page 209:
References: [1] United Nations Divi
Page 213 and 214:
VALENTINA PRIGIOBBE (A) , CLAUDIO S
Page 215 and 216:
associare contemporaneamente alle m
Page 217 and 218:
Fig. 2 - Sonda utilizzata per le mi
Page 219 and 220:
Conductivity [microS/cm] 3700 3400
Page 221 and 222:
Allo stato attuale di avanzamento d
Page 223 and 224:
I metodi presentati in questo artic
Page 225 and 226:
precipitazioni è variabile tra -9
Page 227 and 228:
Area di indagine L’area speriment
Page 229 and 230:
δ 18 O [per mille] 2.00 1.00 0.00
Page 231 and 232:
Tabella 1 a cui si deve aggiungere
Page 233:
10 th International Conference on U
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