b967532a-9862-4475-8d75-56cab38acc64-madani-qaida

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Madani Qai’dah
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Lesson Number 12
ۡ ٓۡ Sākin and Tanwīn (Iẓĥār, Ikhfā)
C There are four cases regarding Nūn Sākin and Tanwīn: (1)
(Iẓĥār) (2)
(Ikhfā) (3)
ۡ ۡ (Idghām) (4)
ۡ ۡ (Iqlāb).
ۡ ۡ
1. Iẓĥār: If any of the Ḥalqiyyaĥ letters is present after Nūn Sākin or Tanwīn, then
Iẓĥār will be made i.e. nasalization (Ghunnaĥ) will not be done whilst pronouncing
such Nūn Sākin and Tanwīn. The Ḥalqiyyaĥ letters are six in number and they are:
‏.خ and غ , ح , ع ‏,ھ ‏,ء
2. Ikhfā: If any of the Ikhfā letter is present after Nūn Sākin or Tanwīn, then Ikhfā
will be made i.e. nasalization (Ghunnaĥ) will be done whilst pronouncing
such Nūn Sākin and Tanwīn. The Ikhfā letters are 15 in number and they are:
‏.ك ‏,ق ‏,ف ‏,ظ ‏,ط ‏,ض ‏,ص ‏,ش ‏,س ‏,ز ‏,ذ ‏,د ‏,ج ‏,ث ‏,ت
Note: Idghām and Iqlāb have been described in Lesson 14.
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