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20022021 - INSECURITY Give us state police now - Govs

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SATURDAY Vanguard, FEBRUARY 20, 2021—17<br />

Scientists develop blood test to predict<br />

environmental harms to children<br />

cientists at Columbia University<br />

SMailman School of Public Health have<br />

developed a method <strong>us</strong>ing a DNA biomarker<br />

to easily screen pregnant women for harmful<br />

prenatal environmental contaminants like air<br />

pollution linked to childhood illness and<br />

developmental disorders.<br />

This approach has the potential to prevent<br />

childhood developmental disorders and<br />

chronic illness through the early identification<br />

of children at risk.<br />

While environmental factors — including<br />

air pollutants — have previo<strong>us</strong>ly been<br />

associated with DNA markers, no studies to<br />

date have <strong>us</strong>ed DNA markers to flag<br />

environmental exposures in children. Study<br />

results are published online in the journal<br />

Epigenetics.<br />

There is ample scientific evidence that links<br />

prenatal environmental exposures to poor<br />

outcomes in children, yet so far there is no<br />

early warning system to predict which children accessible biomarker measured in a small<br />

are at highest risk of adverse health amount of blood to distinguish newborns at to other environmental exposures, and could<br />

outcomes.<br />

elevated risk due to prenatal exposure. They<br />

eventually be made into a routine test.<br />

The researchers took a major step toward <strong>us</strong>ed air pollutants as a case study, although The researchers <strong>us</strong>ed machine learning<br />

overcoming this barrier by identifying an they say their approach is easily generalizable analysis of umbilical cord blood collected<br />

through two New York City-based longitudinal<br />

birth cohorts to identify locations on DNA<br />

altered by air pollution. Study participants<br />

had k<strong>now</strong>n levels of exposure to air pollution<br />

measured through personal and ambient air<br />

monitoring during pregnancy, with specific<br />

measures of fine particulate matter, nitrogen<br />

dioxide (NO2), and polycyclic aromatic<br />

hydrocarbons (PAH).<br />

They tested these biomarkers and found that<br />

they could be <strong>us</strong>ed to predict prenatal exposure<br />

to NO2 and PM2.5 (which were monitored<br />

throughout pregnancy), although only with<br />

modest accuracy. PAH (which was only<br />

monitored for a short period during the third<br />

trimester) was less well predicted.<br />

The researchers <strong>now</strong> plan to apply their<br />

biomarker discovery process <strong>us</strong>ing a larger<br />

pool of data collected through the ECHO<br />

consortium, which potentially could lead to<br />

higher levels of predictability. It might also be<br />

possible to link these biomarkers with both<br />

exposures and adverse health outcomes. With<br />

better predictability and lower cost, the<br />

method could become a routine test <strong>us</strong>ed in<br />

hospitals and clinics.<br />

“While further validation is needed, this<br />

approach may help identify newborns at<br />

heightened risk for health problems. With this<br />

information, clinicians could increase<br />

monitoring for high-risk children to see if<br />

problems develop and prescribe interventions,<br />

as needed.”<br />

Polymer optical sensor implant for long-term health monitoring<br />

Researchers have developed an<br />

extremely sensitive miniaturized<br />

optical fibre sensor that could one day be<br />

<strong>us</strong>ed to measure small pressure changes in<br />

the body.<br />

“Our new pressure sensor was designed<br />

for medical applications and overcomes<br />

many of the issues of <strong>us</strong>ing silica-based<br />

fibers,” said research team leader Hwa-Yaw<br />

Tam from The Hong Kong Polytechnic<br />

University.<br />

“It is sensitive enough to measure pressure<br />

inside lungs while breathing, which changes<br />

by j<strong>us</strong>t a few kilopascals.”<br />

The researchers describe their new optical<br />

fibre sensor in The Optical Society (OSA)<br />

journal Optics Letters.<br />

The sensor, which is based on a Fibre Bragg<br />

grating (FBG) inscribed into a fibre made<br />

from a new polymer called Zeonex, was able<br />

to detect pressure changes of j<strong>us</strong>t 2<br />

kilopascals.<br />

“Our FBG sensor could be <strong>us</strong>ed in vario<strong>us</strong><br />

medical applications beca<strong>us</strong>e, in addition to<br />

its biocompatibility, the fibre is chemically<br />

inert and also not sensitive to moisture,” said<br />

Tam.<br />

“Our ultimate objective is to <strong>us</strong>e these types<br />

of sensors to monitor vario<strong>us</strong> parameters —<br />

including pressure, temperature and strain —<br />

inside animals and people.”<br />

Many fibre optic sensors are based on FBGs,<br />

tiny periodic microstructures that can be<br />

inscribed onto a fibre. When pressure rises the<br />

fibre stretches slightly, increasing the grating<br />

period in a way that changes its refractive<br />

index and shifts the light output toward the<br />

red end of the spectrum. Similarly, a decrease<br />

in pressure produces a blue shift.<br />

Making an FBG sensor from a traditional<br />

silica optical fibre is not ideal for medical<br />

applications, especially those involving longterm<br />

<strong>us</strong>e in the body, beca<strong>us</strong>e these fibres<br />

exhibit a relatively high stiffness and can be<br />

brittle.<br />

FBGs embedded in silica fibers also have<br />

limited sensitivity to small pressure changes<br />

beca<strong>us</strong>e the material does not stretch and<br />

contract very easily.<br />

To overcome the hurdles, the researchers<br />

turned to the advanced polymer Zeonex. This<br />

new material is not only chemically inert and<br />

works well in the aqueo<strong>us</strong> environments like<br />

those found in the body, but also exhibits a<br />

higher light shift in response to a pressure<br />

change compared to silica fibres.<br />

To demonstrate the new sensor, the<br />

researchers compared its performance with a<br />

traditional polymer-based sensor<br />

of a similar design.<br />

They found that the Zeonexbased<br />

sensors with the side-hole<br />

design produced a response that<br />

was linear, repeatable and had<br />

negligible lag or errors. The tests<br />

showed that the sensor can be<br />

<strong>us</strong>ed for low pressure<br />

measurement up to 50<br />

kilopascals above or below<br />

atmospheric pressure with a<br />

resolution of 2.0 kilopascals.<br />

The sensitivity of the pressure<br />

measurement is increased by<br />

80 percent compared to a<br />

traditional polymer-based<br />

sensor.<br />

The researchers are <strong>now</strong><br />

working to further reduce the<br />

sensor’s response time, which<br />

is currently few tens of seconds.<br />

They also want to expand the sensor to<br />

measure other physical and chemical<br />

parameters such as pH and to functionalize<br />

the probe so that it can detect the pressure<br />

of a particular gas.<br />

EFCC: Can Bawa challenge Nigeria’s<br />

graft gods?<br />

By Soni Daniel,<br />

Northern Region Editor<br />

•Bawa<br />

With the appointment of a young<br />

ster, Abdulrasheed Bawa, 40, by<br />

President Muhammadu Buhari to<br />

head the country’s anti-graft agency, the Economic<br />

and Financial Crimes Commission,<br />

many have raised both excitement and concern<br />

over the choice. Apart from those criticising<br />

his emergence on the ground that only people<br />

from Bawa’s tribe have headed the organisation<br />

since its inception, others have pointed<br />

out that his choice has flouted the law establishing<br />

the commission, which stipulates that<br />

the chairman should be a <strong>police</strong> officer, not<br />

below the rank of an assistant commissioner<br />

of <strong>police</strong>.<br />

But these issues pale in the face of the superior<br />

fact that Bawa is duly qualified to lead the<br />

EFCC given the fact that he is a trained law<br />

enforcement officer with a law-enforcement<br />

agency. He can also be said to be the right<br />

candidate for the job at the moment given the<br />

thinking in the Presidency that it is high time<br />

the agency was headed by a non-<strong>police</strong> officer<br />

as has been the case since its inception.<br />

Th<strong>us</strong>, Bawa can be rightly presented as one<br />

who has been properly schooled in the art and<br />

science of law enforcement, economic and financial<br />

crimes investigations and prosecution.<br />

Although Bawa, a native of Kebbi State<br />

and a graduate of Economics and International<br />

diplomacy, appears as an innocuo<strong>us</strong> school<br />

boy with a baby face, he comes into the job<br />

with at least 17 years experience, having joined<br />

the EFCC in 2004 at the time he was only 23<br />

years old. From available records, the Kebbi-born<br />

officer, has spent his entire career with<br />

the EFCC and risen to the pinnacle of the establishment<br />

through the instrumentality of<br />

hard work, commitment and dedication to a<br />

single course of detecting and punishing economic<br />

and financial crimes-bank fraud, cybercrimes,<br />

official corruption and fraud cases.<br />

Bawa may be young and inexperienced in<br />

political intrigues that have plagued many<br />

Nigerian leaders and organisations but those<br />

who chose him for the tough job might have<br />

leveraged on his toughness in pursuing and<br />

prosecuting those bent on enriching themselves<br />

through economic and financial crimes and<br />

impoverishing the nation and its people.<br />

But given the ruthlessness of the ‘godfathers’<br />

of graft who define the national political space,<br />

picking and choosing those who should hold<br />

sway in certain places and time, can Bawa withstand<br />

the forces that are already holding Nigeria<br />

on its jugular and selfishly and poignantly<br />

looting its treasury with impunity?<br />

With the EFCC designed to fish out and punish<br />

without fear or favour anyone who dips<br />

their hands into the national treasury and Bawa’s<br />

appointment having to be sanctioned at<br />

the highest political level by some of the kingmakers<br />

who may be facing some unfinished<br />

corruption cases, would he be able to look any<br />

culprit no matter how powerful and influential<br />

in the face and drag them to court without<br />

fearing for his continued stay in office?<br />

Not minding the fanfare that comes with<br />

Bawa’s appointment, the job is as tempting as<br />

it is promotionally huge. He can <strong>us</strong>e the new<br />

post to write his name on the right side of history<br />

and can as well flounder his name and<br />

everything depending on how he goes about<br />

doing the tough job, which has already rubbished<br />

many and sent them to the wrong side<br />

of history while they are still alive.<br />

Although his choice resonates with those who<br />

have been campaigning for more Nigerian<br />

youths to be given prominent positions in government,<br />

the euphoria can easily be disrupted<br />

if Bawa does not deviate significantly from<br />

the malady that has often afflicted some of his<br />

predecessors and created furore over the management<br />

of confiscated assets, selective arrest<br />

and trial of s<strong>us</strong>pects and sometimes ignoring<br />

those who have blood on their hands beca<strong>us</strong>e<br />

of their proximity to the corridors of powers.<br />

The new EFCC boss, if confirmed by the<br />

Senate has an ample opportunity to rewrite<br />

the history of the commission by approaching<br />

the job with unprecedented ruthlessness<br />

and neutrality in dealing with crime s<strong>us</strong>pects<br />

and charging them to court promptly so as to<br />

send the right message to potential criminals<br />

and set a new tone for economic and financial<br />

war in the country. His appointment<br />

should not encourage the <strong>us</strong>ual grandstanding<br />

and flip flop in economic and financial<br />

crime fight, which has encouraged many powerful<br />

and influential elements in the land to<br />

loot with ease and flaunt the illicit wealth with<br />

recklessness. Some even <strong>us</strong>e the proceeds<br />

of crimes to fight back the system and promote<br />

their stooges into high offices in the land,<br />

thereby perpetuating sleaze as a way of life<br />

that pays to indulge in.<br />

That’s why Bawa m<strong>us</strong>t learn fast, act fast<br />

and settle fast to confront the monster that<br />

has eaten deep into our nation’s fabric<br />

and dented the image of Nigeria as a catastrophe<br />

over the years even with the<br />

mantra of ‘fighting corruption’ ringing<br />

boistero<strong>us</strong>ly across the land.<br />

It is either he wins the fight and etches his<br />

name in gold or loses it and burns his fingers<br />

in the cauldron called EFCC, no matter the<br />

good intentions of his godfathers who p<strong>us</strong>hed<br />

him into the job.<br />

The choice to do good to all manner of<br />

people without fear, ill-will or affection<br />

in the discharge of this thankless job,<br />

rests squarely with him!<br />

Welcome on board, Bawa!

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