Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL Test ( PDFDrive )

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READING SECTIONDirectionsIn this section, you will read three passages and answer reading comprehension questionsabout each passage. Most questions are worth one point, but the last question in each setis worth more than one point. The directions indicate how many points you may receive.You have 60 minutes to read all of the passages and answer the questions. Some passagesinclude a word or phrase followed by an asterisk (*). Go to the bottom of the page to see adefinition or an explanation of these words or phrases.
Diagnostic TestQuestions 1-12Causes of Ice AgesGeologists have shown that for about 80 percent of the past 2.5 million years, ice-ageconditions have prevailed on the Earth’s surface. During the past one mnNon years, increasedglacial conditions have run in cycles of approximately 100,000 years.Many different factors may contribute to these increases in glaciation at regular intervalsthroughout Earth's more geologically recent history. The three most prominent factorsprobably relate to the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth. This varies over time forthree main reasons. First, the planet wobbles* as it spins, due to the pull of the sun andmoon. Furthermore, the Earth tilts* on its axis and the degree of tilt changes over time.Finally, the orbit of the Earth around the sun is elliptical and the length of the major axis ofthe ellipse changes over a period of about 100,000 years. A mathematician named MitutinMilankovitch discovered in the 1930s that the pattern of insolation, or sunlight, predicted bythese eccentricities in the Earth's movement matched the period of the last several eras ofintense glaciation.These Milankovitch insolation cycles were the dominant theory in ice-age researchfor much of the twentieth century despite the fact that the match between periods of peakinsolation and most intense glaciation were not exact. For example, a cycle of 400,000 yearspredicted by the Milankovitch theory has never shown up in the climate records obtainedthrough the study of microfossils deposited on the sea floor. Also, recent analysis has shownthat the insolation theory predicts peaks of sunlight at intervals of 95,000 and 125,000years. Climatological data does not support this predicted sunlight peaking. Other damagingevidence was the indication of a precisely measured sudden rise in temperature at awater-filled cave in Nevada, which preceded the increase in solar radiation that wassupposed to cause it.These and other problems with the Milankovitch cycles !ed some researchers to seekalternative explanations for the cyclic arrival of extended ice ages. In the 1990s, it wasdiscovered that the orbital inclination of the Earth to the sun and planets could also beresponsible for climate changes. If we imagine a flat plane with the sun in the center andthe planets revolving around it, the Earth slowly moves in and out of the flat plane by a fewdegrees, repeating the cycle every 100,000 years. Two scientists, Muller and MacDonald,have proposed that it is this orbital inclination which is ultimately responsible for the periodsof glaciation and warming. They argue that because of the oscillation, the Earth periodicallytravels through clouds of debris, in the form of dust and meteoroids. Such debris couldreduce the amount of solar energy reaching the surface of our planet, thus plunging it intoregular cold periods.The advantage of this theory is that it is not confronted with several of the problemsassociated with the Milankovitch theory, in particular, the new theory fits well with the analysisof ocean sediments taken eight locations around the world. This analysis yielded dataclearly showing the peak of the last several ice ages with a period of 100,000 years andcorresponding to the periods when the Earth's oscillating inclination takes it through clouds ofextraterrestrial debris.However, many researchers in this field are not yet persuaded by the inclinationhypothesis. The main problem is that the amount of dust that fails to the ground when theEarth travels through space debris 丨 s relatively small - not enough to produce radical climatechanges. Volcanic eruptions, for example, release much greater amounis of ash and dustand have relatively little effect on climate. Supporters have countered that the by-productscreated by the dust as it vaporizes on entering the atmosphere cause subtie changes to theenergy ievels. Nevertheless, the necessary physical proof has yet to be found to convince theskeptics.*wobbie: to shake or move from side to sideto be in a sloping position2
Page 1 and 2: 轉。. 倾 _ ! 麵 ? )'iOV-l':r.;
Page 3 and 4: We gratefully acknowledge permissio
Page 5 and 6: C ontentsEXERCISE V7 Thinking about
Page 7 and 8: ContentsPractice with Summaries and
Page 9 and 10: C o ntentsEXERCISE S28 Identifying
Page 11 and 12: C ontentsPractice with Integrating
Page 13 and 14: To th e S tu d e n t®Two full-leng
Page 15 and 16: To th e Stu d e n twithin an exerci
Page 18: The skills that your students pract
Page 21 and 22: in tro d u ctio n to th e TO EFL& T
Page 23 and 24: In tro d u ctio n to the TO EFL& Te
Page 25 and 26: In tro d u ctio n to th e TOEFL® T
Page 27 and 28: in tro d u ctio n to th e TO EFL0 T
Page 29 and 30: In tro d u ctio n to th e TO EFL0 T
Page 31 and 32: In tro d u ctio n to th e TOEFL® T
Page 33 and 34: Introduction to the TOEFL0 TestHOW
Page 36 and 37: You will use a computer to take the
Page 38 and 39: Taking the TOEFL® Test OnlineWRITI
Page 40 and 41: Taking the TOEFL® Test OnlinePirst
Page 42: DIAGNOSTICTEST
Page 47 and 48: Diagnostic Test5. In paragraph 4, w
Page 49 and 50: Diagnostic Test;11. Look at the fou
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Page 53 and 54: Diagnostic Test21. The word " subje
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Page 57 and 58: Diagnostic Test! 27. The phrase “
Page 59 and 60: Diagnostic Test33. According to par
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Page 63 and 64: Diagnostic TestQuestions 1-6Listen
Page 65 and 66: Diagnostic TestQuestions 12-17Liste
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Page 79 and 80: Diagnostic TestINTEGRATED TASKDirec
Page 81 and 82: Diagnostic TestWritirig Based on Kn
Page 84 and 85: Building Supporting SkillsOVERVIEWT
Page 86 and 87: Building Supporting SkillsEXERCISE
Page 88 and 89: Building Supporting SkillsAnalyses
Page 90 and 91: Building Supporting Skills4. Wliat
Page 92 and 93: Building Supporting SkillsSpeaking
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Building Supporting Skills2. Make a
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Building Supporting Skillsrelations
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Building Supporting SkillsTo svimma
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Building Supporting Skills□ 5, Fl
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Building Supporting Skills4, How ca
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Building Supporting SkillsEXERCISE
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Building Supporting SkillsVOCABULAR
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Building Supporting Skillsreiterate
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Building Supporting SkillsEXER CISE
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Building Supporting Skillsreqiiirem
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Building Supporting Skills□ 8. Ad
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Building Supporting Skills12, Butte
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Building Supporting Skills41. Scien
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Building Supporting Skills1. Are th
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Building Supporting SkillsNouns are
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Building Supporting Skills-ate-atio
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Building Supporting Skills10. Mass
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Building Supporting Skills1 .____ S
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Building Supporting SkillsAdjective
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Building Supporting SkillsIn the se
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Building Supporting SkillsAdverb cl
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Building Supporting SkillsIf a sent
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Building Supporting SkillsWhen the
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Building Supporting Skillstense and
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Building Supporting SkillsPRESENTPE
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Building Supporting Skills® Infini
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Building Supporting SkillsSome of t
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Building Supporting SkillsEXERCISES
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Building Supporting Skillsg r a m m
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Building Supporting SkillsGRAMMAR R
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Building Supporting SkHlsConnecting
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Building Supporting SkillsPointing
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Building Supporting Skills8. Neithe
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Building Supporting SkillsCollectiv
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Building Supporting SkillsThe defin
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Building Supporting SkillsAn auxili
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Building Supporting SkillsSome two-
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Building Supporting Skills7. The fu
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Building Supporting Skills5. No ani
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The Reading section of the TOEFL®
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Reading6. Use your time wisely.The
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2. Insert a sentence T h is questio
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4. Category chart This question typ
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Mercury - the silver-colored metal
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Read the paragraph, and choose the
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ReadingUsing punctuation to underst
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Desertification is the(X ) spraying
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Toxins are(X ) roots(X ) leaves(C^)
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ReadingEXERCISE R2 Choosing the bes
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8. The word u integral" is closest
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EXERCISE R3 Understanding the autho
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1. The word 1scrap7' is closest in
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11. The word u incidence,! is close
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information on and practice with tr
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ExeiXiSeS R4—R8 Use Exercises M -
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3. The Bettmann Archive is a pictur
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6. Earth satellites transmit teleph
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happen when a hoarding animal such
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ReadingQ u e s t io n s 7 - 9Diamon
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Q u e s t io n s 1 3 -1 51 On Decem
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galaxy. iEven though:suGh light--be
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The plan to join Britain to the Eur
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5. The most traditional American fo
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the divers' necks so as not to impe
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Europa, one of jupiter's moons, is
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2. Goiillas/wiiicli are vegetarians
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ReadingEXERCISE R14 Choosing the re
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Reading Mini-test 3Check your progr
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6. According to the passage, the di
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IReading14. Which of the sentences
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涵 1.a n d d r a w in g co n c lu
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3. Some scientists believe that the
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5. Prior to 1870, little stone clec
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EXERCISE R18 identifying inferences
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Half of all the astronauts on space
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3. The quality of the graphics outp
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ReadingEXERCISE R21 Reviewing infer
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10. It can be inferred from the pas
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Reading8. It can be understood that
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f X0rCISGS R 2 2 —R 2 4 Use Exerc
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The major obstacle for the completi
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subjected to a too rapid pressure r
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Select the appropriate phrases from
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accommodate large numbers of touris
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ReadingSelect the appropriate sente
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pr—"hReadingA 1930s W estern call
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When you have taken the D iagnostic
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Reading Section Practice Test1. Acc
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Reading Section Practice Test8 . Al
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Reading Section Practice TestDirect
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Reading Section Practice Test14. Th
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Reading Section Practice Test[: 21
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Reading Section Practice TestQuesti
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Reading Section Practice TestI 30.
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Reading Section Practice Testl,a37.
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The Listening section of the TOEFL0
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3. Understand the purpose of the vi
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■. 相卿一 m 一一 --------
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Listeningthe albatross, the albatro
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EXERCISE L3 Q identifying the meani
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blinks rapidly to signal its mates.
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ListeningSTART ^1. A. the one who w
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4. After the beginning draft of a p
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Listening[woman) Well,yes, in fact
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ListeningEXEBC1SE L11 〇 Determini
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ListeningListening Mini-test 1 QSTA
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ListeningQuestions 7-9Listen to par
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You hear:(man) What did you do over
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Listening„ Q ^ 泛 A ^ y::. i> 9
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ListeningEXERCISE L15 Q G etting al
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ListeningSTART ^1. In the lecture,
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3. The class discussion is about th
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Listening4. According to the discus
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Listening9 . 丨 n the lecture, the
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F rE t E eW h ¥ a w ^drawing concl
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ListeningYou hear:(professor) In a
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ListeningE X E H O S E L 2 1 〇 Id
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EXERCISE L23丨 dentify 丨 ng the
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ListeningSTART ^Questions 1-5Listen
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ListeningQuestions 10-14L i s t e n
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When you have taken the Diagnostic
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F - ■ ■Listening Section Practi
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Listening Section Practice TestQues
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Listening Section Practice Test20.
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Listening Section Practice Test:
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The Speaking section of the TOEFL®
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6. Use natural speed and rhythm.Lis
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Tom walked into the room and closed
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EXERCISE S3 Q Focusing on stress pa
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flower - that are the source of saf
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Rephrasing or replacing key wordsWh
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SpeakingYou read:You have to be fit
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Speaking1. Cooking is fun when you
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Then make a mental list of the answ
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the information I need to do my res
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£XEBCISE S16 Sequencing ideas for
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■■_■■! i _1. Listen careful
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® Defend your choice with reasons/
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EXERCISE S21 〇 Restating the t^sk
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Speaking两 M l 陋 WGlHE I_ E P E
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2. Read the passage carefully and t
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disposal both hemispheres, we are a
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SpeakingFirst, a narrator will intr
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SpeakingE x e iX ise SUse Exercises
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Exercise S37 Use Exercise S37 to de
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Speaking■:(jj I :i'J i fl 111TI
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4. The Maintenance Department has a
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::6. Now read the passage about roa
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8. Now read the passage about weath
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Speaking(man)|woman)(man)(woman)(ma
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questions my classmates ask so that
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SpeakingEXERCISE S42 Recording your
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® A score of 4 is for a response t
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Speakinga 2. Listen to a conversati
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Speaking6. Listen to part of a lect
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When you have taken the Diagnostic
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Speaking Section Practice TestS T A
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Speaking Section Practice TestNow l
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Speaking Section Practice TestSTART
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Part 2 Building Skills1. Practice w
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Part 2 Building Skillsw h o l i v e
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Part 2 Building Skills5. Today shee
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Pari 2 Building SkillsSometimes a p
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Pari 2 Building Skills6. In my coun
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Pari 2 Building SkillsS. Don’t
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Part 2 Building SkillsPRACTICE_WITH
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Part 2 Building SkillsIn your opini
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Part 2 Building SkillsRead the ques
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Pari 2 Building SkillsThe introduct
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Pari 2 Building SkillsThe topic sen
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Part 2 Building SkillsEXERCISE W17
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Part 2 Building SkillsNow read the
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Pari 2 Building SkillsOne reason a
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Pari 2 Building SkillsEXERCISE W 27
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Part 2 Building Skillsfish. But the
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Part 2 Building Skillsnever experie
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Part 2 Building Skillsquestion: rea
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Part 2 Building Skills1. Compare an
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Pari 2 Building Skillslifestyle cho
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Part 2 Building Skills1. The Medite
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Part 2 Building Skills4. Original:
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Part 2 Building Skills1. Shortly af
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Part 2 Building Skills2. The belief
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Part 2 Building SkillsSometimes ani
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Part 2 Building SkillsStep 3 Listen
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Pari 2 Building SkillsSTA RTS(narra
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Pari 2 Building SkillsSTARTk[narrat
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Part 2 Building SkillsIMTEGRATED TA
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Part 2 Building SkillsWriting Based
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READING SECTIONDirectionsIn this se
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Practice Test 1ij of some form of i
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Practice Test 1The word retain " in
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Practice Test 19. According to the
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Practice Test 1Questions 13-25iOcea
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Practice Test 116. According to the
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Practice Test 1| 22. W hich of the
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Practice Test 1Questions 26-39Neoli
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Practice Test 1H 28. According to p
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Practice Test 133. According to par
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:39. Directions: An introductory se
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Practice Test 1Q uestions 1 -6Liste
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Practice Test 1Now get ready to ans
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Practice Test 1J 16. What does the
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Practice Test 1Mow get ready to ans
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SPEAKING SECTIONDirectionsin this s
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START ►3. Please listen carefully
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Now listen to part of a lecture on
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Practice Test 1START ►6. Please i
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IN TEG R A TED T A S KDSrec 言 ion
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Writing Based on Knowledge and Expe
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Practice Test 2Questions 1-12Two At
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Practice Test 24. The half-life of
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Practice Test 29. According to para
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Practice Test 2Questions 13-25Demog
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Practice Test 215. The word " portr
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Practice Test 221. The word equilib
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Practice Test 225. Directions: An i
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Practice Test 2A second defect is m
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Practice Test 231. in paragraph 4,
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Practice Test 236. According to par
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Practice Test 2LISTENING SECTIONDir
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Practice Test 25. Indicate whether
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Practice Test 2Q u estio n s 1217Li
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Practice Test 2Q uestions 18-23List
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Practice Test 2丨 i 26. Why does t
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Practice Test 2SPEMiG^SECTidW^^ ...
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Practice Test 2S T A R T S3. Please
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Practice Test 2Now listen to part o
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Practice Test 2START ^6. Please lis
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Practice Test 2IW TE6RATEDTASKDirec
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Practice Test 2Writing Based on Kno
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DIAGNOSTIC TEST: Reading Section(p-
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Answer Keys5. (D) The winner of the
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/Ans we 厂 KeysEXERCISE HPS6 (p. 5
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/Answer Keys28. This sentence is co
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^Answer /Cey5~dsd v3. ^ecatise^the
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Answer KeysEXERCISE G25 (p. 132)1.
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Answer Keys3. (D) “Although” is
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Answer KeysE. F There is nothing in
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Answer Keys(B) The avenue passed th
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Answer KeysEXERCISE R16 (p. 202)1.
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Answer KeysEXERCISE R21 (p. 211)1.
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Answer Keys(C) Focusing on bad trai
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厂 /C6y515. (A) ^This phenomenon.^
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Answer Keys2. Consequently - Writer
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Answer KeysEXERCISE L14 (p. 276, sc
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Answer Keys(C) There is no mention
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Answer Keys14. (B) The professor me
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Answer Keysthe only other producers
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Answer KeysEXERGSE S33 fj 〇 . 3 4
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Answer Keys7. R eadingTime - cultur
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Answer KeysMeet at libraryIf availa
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Answer KeysPART 2 BUILDING SKILLS:
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Answer Keysor other small animals.
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Answer Keys11. N o The reasons the
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Answer KeysMany workers and then th
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■Ar/siwr KeysEXERCISE W44 (p. 429
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Answer Keys22. (A} "Water outflows
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Answer Keys29. {B} The professor sa
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/4mwe『/Cey5(p. 502, script on p.
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Audio ScriptsThis section contains
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Audio Scriptscouple of class sessio
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Audio Scripts20. What does the prof
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Audio ScriptsWliat does the officer
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Audio Scriptsthis causes a differen
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Audio ScriptsWhat does the woman me
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Audio Scripts4. (Man S) How^ the ph
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Audio Scriptsmajority of people liv
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Audio Scripts2. (Woman P} The world
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Audio Scriptscote - thatys why it7s
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Audio Scripts[Man P) Uh-huh. Could
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Audio Scripts5. In the lecture, the
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Audio Scripts{Woman S) So when are
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Audio ScriptsEXERCISE L21 Identifyi
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Audio Scripts(Woman S) Not offhand.
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Audio Scriptsfail a lot, but invent
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Audio Scripts(Woman P) Wel^ let^s s
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Audio ScriptsW h at D im c a n d id
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Audio Scripts(Woman P} You might wa
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Audio Scriptsalso the largest consu
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Audio Scripts(W om an S) O h, a c o
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Audio Scriptswe^re n o t g o in g t
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Audio Scripts(W om an S) W el^ sh o
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Audio Scriptstrad e b y se n d in g
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Audio ScriptsThe study was interest
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Audio ScriptsFurthermore/ several s
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Audio ScriptsSummarize the points m
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Audio ScriptsWhy does the professor
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Audio Scriptscomplexity, was in som
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Audio Scripts(Man S) Yeah, OK. He g
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Audio ScriptsIVe just been talking
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Audio Scripts(Man S] I was told tha
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Audio Scriptsthree. In your groups;
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Audio Scriptsis that asteroids,, co
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Audio Scripts(Woman P) So, weVe bee
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a, an, 124abbreviated forms, 55, 57
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in re a d in g , 4 7 ,1 3 8u s in g
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in te g ra te d w r itin g ta sk s,
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p ro n o u n s, 113-114ag re e m e
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v o c a b u la ry ; 41, 6 3 - 6 4a
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