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Continued from Page 13<br />

SAMP can provide a prolonged and<br />

durable effect in the field compared to<br />

heat-sensitive antibiotics. SAMP not<br />

only kills bacteria cells but can also<br />

prime plant immune responses to<br />

prevent/reduce infection. In our greenhouse<br />

trials, SAMP has been shown<br />

to treat HLB-positive trees and inhibit<br />

the emergence of new HLB-infection<br />

in healthy trees. Field trials, which can<br />

take several years, are currently being<br />

initiated in Florida to confirm the<br />

efficacy of SAMP in controlling HLB.<br />

Field trials also include testing multiple<br />

peptide application methods for citrus<br />

growers to prevent and treat HLB.<br />

Contact Hailing Jin at hailingj@ucr.edu<br />

for more information.<br />

Fagen, J.R., Leonard, M.T., Coyle, J.F., McCullough,<br />

C.M., Davis-Richardson, A.G., Davis, M.J., and<br />

Triplett, E.W. (2014). Liberibacter crescens gen.<br />

nov., sp. nov., the first cultured member of the genus<br />

Liberibacter. International journal of systematic<br />

and evolutionary microbiology 64, 2461-2466.<br />

Fantner, G.E., Barbero, R.J., Gray, D.S., and Belcher,<br />

A.M. (2010). Kinetics of antimicrobial peptide<br />

activity measured on individual bacterial cells<br />

using high-speed atomic force microscopy. Nature<br />

nanotechnology 5, 280-285.<br />

Gottwald, T.R. (2010). Current epidemiological<br />

understanding of citrus Huanglongbing. Annu Rev<br />

Phytopathol 48, 119-139.<br />

Graham, J., Gottwald, T., and Setamou, M. (2020).<br />

Status of Huanglongbing (HLB) outbreaks in Florida,<br />

California and Texas. Trop Plant Pathol.<br />

Hu, J., Jiang, J., and Wang, N. (2018). Control of<br />

Citrus Huanglongbing via Trunk Injection of Plant<br />

Defense Activators and Antibiotics. Phytopathology<br />

108, 186-195.<br />

Ramadugu, C., Keremane, M.L., Halbert, S.E.,<br />

Duan, Y.P., Roose, M.L., Stover, E., and Lee, R.F.<br />

(2016). Long-Term Field Evaluation Reveals Huanglongbing<br />

Resistance in Citrus Relatives. Plant Dis<br />

100, 1858-1869.<br />

Rodriguez-Rojas, A., Makarova, O., and Rolff, J.<br />

(2014). Antimicrobials, stress and mutagenesis.<br />

PLoS pathogens 10, e1004445.<br />

Rouse, B.B. (2013). Rehabilitation of HLB Infected<br />

Citrus Trees using Severe Pruning and Nutritional<br />

Sprays. Proc Fla State Hort Soc 126, 51-54.<br />

Stansly, P.A., Arevalo, H.A., Qureshi, J.A., Jones,<br />

M.M., Hendricks, K., Roberts, P.D., and Roka,<br />

F.M. (2014). Vector control and foliar nutrition to<br />

maintain economic sustainability of bearing citrus<br />

in Florida groves affected by huanglongbing. Pest<br />

Manag Sci 70, 415-426.<br />

References:<br />

Albrecht, U., and Bowman, K.D. (2011). Tolerance<br />

of the trifoliate citrus hybrid US-897 (Citrus<br />

reticulata x Poncirus trifoliata) to huanglongbing.<br />

HortScience 46, 16-22.<br />

Albrecht, U., and Bowman, K.D. (2012a). Tolerance<br />

of trifoliate citrus hybrids to Candidatus liberibacter<br />

asiaticus. . Sc Horticulturae 147, 71-80.<br />

Barnett, M.J., Solow-Cordero, D.E., and Long,<br />

S.R. (2019). A high-throughput system to identify<br />

inhibitors of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus<br />

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America 116, 18009-18014.<br />

Blaustein, R.A., Lorca, G.L., and Teplitski, M.<br />

(2018). Challenges for Managing Candidatus Liberibacter<br />

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Bove, J.M. (2006). Huanglongbing: a destructive,<br />

newly-emerging, century-old disease of citrus. . J<br />

Plant Pathol 88, 7-37.<br />

Brigitte, M.-M., Ivan, B., Estrella, L., and Victor,<br />

F. (2017). Defense Priming: An Adaptive Part of Induced<br />

Resistance. Annual review of plant biology<br />

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Huang, C., Niu, D., Kund, G., Jones, M., Albrecht,<br />

U., Nguyen, L., Bui, C., Ramadugu, C., Bowman,<br />

K., Trumble, J., et al. (2020). Identification of citrus<br />

defense regulators against citrus Huanglongbing<br />

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Huang, C.Y., Wang, H., Hu, P., Hamby, R., and Jin,<br />

H. (2019). Small RNAs - Big Players in Plant-Microbe<br />

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Jochumsen, N., Marvig, R.L., Damkiaer, S., Jensen,<br />

R.L., Paulander, W., Molin, S., Jelsbak, L., and<br />

Folkesson, A. (2016). The evolution of antimicrobial<br />

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Davis, M.J., and Triplett, E.W. (2012). Complete<br />

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M., Gabriel, D.W., and De La Fuente, L. (2019).<br />

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Park, S.C., Lee, J.R., Shin, S.O., Park, Y., Lee, S.Y.,<br />

and Hahm, K.S. (2007). Characterization of a<br />

heat-stable protein with antimicrobial activity<br />

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283-284.<br />

Tiwari, S., Mann, R.S., Rogers, M.E., and Stelinski,<br />

L.L. (2011). Insecticide resistance in field<br />

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Yang, C., and Duan, Y. (2014). Effective antibiotics<br />

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Zhao, H., Sun, R., Albrecht, U., Padmanabhan, C.,<br />

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839-863.<br />

Comments about this article? We want<br />

to hear from you. Feel free to email us at<br />

article@jcsmarketinginc.com<br />

14 Progressive Crop Consultant <strong>July</strong> / August <strong>2021</strong>

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