SSM Heart - Aina Aqilah

BM21110064
SSM Assignment
Coronary Angioplasty
Surgery involves passing a catheter with an inflatable
balloon attached to its tip into the obstructed coronary
artery. When the catheter reaches the obstruction, the
balloon is inflated, flattening the atherosclerotic plaque
against the vessel's wall. The vessel is stretched to
increase the size of the lumen, thus improving blood flow.
After dilation of the vessel, an intravascular stent may be
introduced to maintain the dilation.
The stents are made
up of rigid or semi rigid tubular meshes which will collapse
when introduced and once in place, it expands or expands
with the balloon catheter to maintain luminal patency.
Intraluminal instruments with rotating blades and lasers have also been employed. Other cases
involved injection of thrombokinase to dissolve blood clot.
Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker
An artificial cardiac pacemaker (about the size of a pocket watch) is inserted subcutaneously in
some people who have a heart block. A pacemaker is made up of three parts: a pulse generator
or battery pack, a wire (lead), and an electrode. Pacemakers generate electrical impulses that
cause ventricular contractions to occur at a predetermined rate. An electrode with a catheter
attached is inserted into a vein, and its progression through the venous pathway is monitored
with a fluoroscope, a device that uses radio graphs to examine deep structures in real time (as
motion occurs). The electrode terminal is routed through the SVC to the right atrium and then
32