SSM Heart - Aina Aqilah

BM21110064
SSM Assignment
4.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE HEART
The heart is located in the mediastinum, about two-thirds of its mass is to the left of the
midline. It is shaped like a cone lying on its side. Its apex is the pointed, inferior part; its base is
the broad, superior part.
The pericardium is a membrane that surrounds and protects the heart. It is made up of two
layers: an outside fibrous layer and an inner serous pericardium with a parietal and visceral
layer. The pericardial cavity is a possible area between the parietal and visceral layers of the
serous pericardium, filled with a few millilitres of lubricating pericardial fluid that decreases
friction between the two membranes. Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium are the three
layers that make up the heart's wall. The epicardium is made up of mesothelium and connective
tissue, whereas the myocardium is made up of cardiac muscle tissue, and the endocardium is
made up of blood vessels. Endothelium and connective tissue make up the endothelium.
Two upper chambers, the right and left atria, and two inferior chambers, the right and left
ventricles, make up the heart chambers. The auricles, the coronary sulcus between the atria
and ventricles,the anterior and posterior sulci between the ventricles on the anterior side, and
the anterior and posterior sulci between the ventricles on the posterior side and the heart's
anterior and posterior surfaces, respectively are all external elements of the heart.
The right atrium receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary
sinus. It is separated internally from the left atrium by the interatrial septum, which contains the
fossa ovalis. Blood exits the right atrium through the tricuspid valve. The right ventricle receives
blood from the right atrium. The left ventricle is separated internally by the interventricular
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