PWS Visser 2018-2019

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smoking addiction Page 133.2 INTERVIEW WITH PROF. DR. VERWEIJWhich substance do people withthe addiction gene most likely getaddicted to?This is different for everyone, so it ishard to say. In the Netherlands, it willmost likely be alcohol, since it is sociallyacceptable. When it is sociallyacceptable, some people might drinkmore, which often leads to an alcoholaddiction. A big factor is how easily youcan get your hands on a substance.Alcohol and cigarettes are legal (abovethe age of 18) and thus easilyobtainable. But heroin for example, avery addictive substance, is very hardto get your hands on and thus not easilyobtainable. That is why there are lesspeople addicted to heroin than peoplewho are addicted to alcohol orcigarettes.Do people with for example ADHDhave a bigger chance ofdeveloping an addiction when theyhave the addiction gene? If so, dothese genes strengthen eachother?ADHD influences addictions, becausepeople with ADHD are often moreimpulsive, so they are more likely to usea substance faster. They often showrisky behavior.Is the addiction gene difficult todo research on?Yes, you need very big groups of peopleto research, because the effect is sosmall. A new study (which is notpublished yet) has about one million testsubjects, who gave their DNA and filledin a questionnaire. Nowadays,researches can genotype their wholeDNA. So, researchers can comparecertain parts of the DNA and look at thedifferent variants. This can show howthe DNA of a smoker can differ from theDNA from a nonsmoker. Technically, it isnot very difficult, but it is a very biggroup to genotype, so it costs a lot oftime.Does raising the price ofcigarettes help stop the addiction?Yes, it works. Australia is a goodexample; the price of a pack ofcigarettes is 20 euros. Compared to theNetherlands, that's three times its price.This high price resulted in less smokersin Australia. Also, the Netherlandschanged the legal age of smoking from16 to 18. These measures had aninfluence on the smoking behavior ofadolescents and adults. The measuresespecially help people who have notsmoked yet before, rather than peoplewho already smoke.
smoking addiction Page 143.2 INTERVIEW WITH PROF. DR. VERWEIJHow do you recover from anaddiction?Do you think there is an effectiveway to prevent an addiction?You can get medication like nicotinepatches to get rid of your smokingaddiction. But most importantly, youmust change your behavior. The physicalpart of getting rid of an addiction, iseasy with the right medication, but it isthe mental part of getting rid of anaddiction which is the hardest. Often,cognitive behavior therapy is given tobe mentally prepared to quit youraddiction.Raising the price of cigarettes andgetting rid of smoking areas forexample, is an effective way to make itharder to smoke and thus preventingpeople from having an addiction. If youmake sure people do not start smoking,then we do not have to convince peopleto stop. So, prevent the problem, ratherthan solving it.
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PWS Visser 2018-2019

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