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Turk J Hematol 2017;34:328-333Hsieh C and Rajashekharaiah V, Influence of L-Carnitine on Stored Rat Blood24. Gürlek A, Tutar E, Akçil E, Dinçer I, Erol C, Kocatürk PA, Oral D. The effectsof L-carnitine treatment on left ventricular function and erythrocytesuperoxide dismutase activity in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.Eur J Heart Fail 2000;2:189-193.25. Dokmeci D, Akpolat M, Aydogdu N, Uzal C, Doganay L, Turan FN. Theprotective effect of L-carnitine on ionizing radiation-induced free oxygenradicals. Scand J Lab Anim Sci 2006;33:75-83.26. Cao Y, Qu HJ, Li P, Wang CB, Wang LX, Han ZW. Single dose administrationof L-carnitine improves antioxidant activities in healthy subjects. Tohoku JExp Med 2011;224:209-213.27. Soumya R, Vani R. CUPRAC-BCS and antioxidant activity assays as reliablemarkers of antioxidant capacity in erythrocytes. Hematology 2015;20:165-174.28. Augustyniak A, Bartosz G, Cipak A, Dubrus G, Horakova L, Luczaj W, MajekovaM, Odysseos AD, Rackova L, Skrzydlewska E, Stefek M, Strosova M, Tirzitis G,Venskutonis PR, Viskupicova J, Vraka PS, Zarkovic N. Natural and syntheticantioxidants: an updated review. Free Radic Res 2010;44:1216-1262.29. Kurata M, Suzuki M, Agae NS. Antioxidant systems and erythrocyte life spanin mammals. Comp Biochem Physiol 1993;106:447-487.30. Sachan D, Hongu N, Johnsen M. Decreasing oxidative stress with cholineand carnitine in women. J Am Coll Nutr 2005;24:172-176.31. Gulcin I. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of L-carnitine. Life Sci2006;78:803-811.32. Astiz M, de Alaniz MJ, Marra CA. Antioxidant defence system in ratssimultaneously intoxicated with agrochemicals. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol2009;28:465-473.33. Pandey KB, Rizvi SI. Markers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes and plasmaduring aging in humans. Oxid Med Cell Long 2010;3:2-12.34. Molicki JS, Draaisma AM, Verbeet N, Munneke R, Huysmans HA, HazekampMG, Berger HM. Prime solutions for cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates:antioxidant capacity of prime based on albumin or fresh frozen plasma. JThorac Cardiovas Surg 2001;122:449-456.333
RESEARCH ARTICLEDOI: 10.4274/tjh.2016.0469Turk J Hematol 2017;34:334-339Antioxidants Attenuate Oxidative Stress-Induced Hidden BloodLoss in RatsAntioksidanlar Sıçanlarda Oksidatif Stres ile Oluşan Gizli Kan Kaybını ZayıflatırHong Qian 1 , Tao Yuan 2 , Jian Tong 3 , Wen-shuang Sun 1 , Jiajia Jin 4 , Wen-xiang Chen 5 , Jia Meng 2 , Nirong Bao 2 , Jianning Zhao 21Southeast University Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Clinic of Orthopedics, Nanjing, China2Nanjing University Faculty of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinic of Orthopedics, Nanjing, China3Nanjing University Faculty of Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Clinic of Orthopedics, Nanjing, China4Southeast University Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China5Southern Medical University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing, ChinaAbstractObjective: Hidden blood loss (HBL), commonly seen after total kneeor hip arthroplasty, causes postoperative anemia even after reinfusionor blood transfusion based on the visible blood loss volume. Recentstudies demonstrated that oxidative stress might be involved in HBL.However, whether the antioxidants proanthocyanidin (PA) or hydrogenwater (HW) can ameliorate HBL remains poorly understood. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the effects of PA and HW on HBL.Materials and Methods: A rat HBL model was established throughadministration of linoleic acid with or without treatment with PAor HW. The levels of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and ferryl Hb were measured.Results: RBC and Hb values as well as the activity of SOD and GSH-PX were reduced after administration of linoleic acid, which wasameliorated by treatment with PA or HW. In addition, the quantity ofMDA was significantly decreased with the administration of PA or HW.Conclusion: PA and HW could ameliorate HBL in a rat model byreducing oxidative stress, suggesting that they might be used as anovel therapeutic approach in the prophylaxis or treatment of HBLin clinics.Keywords: Hidden blood loss, Antioxidants, Proanthocyanidin,Hydrogen waterÖzAmaç: Total diz veya kalça artroplastisinden sonra yaygın olarakgörülen gizli kan kaybı (GKK), görülebilir kan hacmi kaybına dayananreinfüzyon veya kan nakli sonrasında bile postoperatif anemiye nedenolur. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar oksidatif stresin GKK’yla ilişkiliolabileceğini göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, proantosiyanidin (PA) veyahidrojenli su (HS) antioksidanlarının GKK’yi iyileştirip iyileştirmediğianlaşılamamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı PA ve HS’nin GKK üzerindekietkilerini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: PA veya HS ile muamele edilmiş veya edilmemişolan linoleik asit uygulaması ile bir sıçan GKK modeli oluşturulmuştur.Hemoglobin (Hb), kırmızı kan hücresi sayısı (RBC), süperoksitdismutaz (SOD) aktivitesi, glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-PX) aktivitesi,malondialdehit (MDA) ve ferril Hb düzeyleri ölçüldü.Bulgular: PA veya HS verilen linoleik asit uygulaması ile RBC ve Hbdeğerlerinin yanı sıra SOD ve GSH-PX aktiviteleri azaltıldı. Buna ekolarak, PA veya HS uygulaması ile MDA miktarı önemli ölçüde azaldı.Sonuç: PA ve HS bir sıçan modelinde oksidatif stresi azaltarak GKK’yidüzeltebildiğinden, kliniklerdeki GKK profilaksisi veya tedavisinde yenibir terapötik yaklaşım olarak kullanılabileceklerini düşündürmektedir.Anahtar Sözcükler: Gizli kan kaybı, Antioksidanlar, Proantosiyanidin,Hidrojenli su©Copyright 2017 by Turkish Society of HematologyTurkish Journal of Hematology, Published by Galenos Publishing HouseAddress for Correspondence/Yazışma Adresi: Jianning ZHAO, M.D.,Nanjing University Faculty of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinic of Orthopedics, Nanjing, ChinaPhone : +90 532 325 10 65E-mail : zhaojianning.0207@163.com ORCID-ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7169-8117Received/Geliş tarihi: December 04, 2016Accepted/Kabul tarihi: March 07, 2017334
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