DrLukman

22 Political System of Islam (A Micro Analysis)
New social and political order was realized during his own
lifetime. He succeeded in spreading the teaching of Islam,
planted the seed of a new civilization, and advanced his
political career by establishing a new states. His spiritual
and political leadership is best described by Philip K. Hitti:
“History records names of several men who founded
religions, others who fathered nations, still others who
instituted states; but if there was a man other than
Prophet Muhammad, who initiated all three institutions,
history must have forgotten his name. The three founded
by the Prophet were originally inextricably interwoven and
to an extent interdependent. Throughout their career the
first religion, provided the integrating force and proved to
be the most enduring”. 1
From the beginning of the Prophet’s social and political
activities in his role as Prophet and leader, he conceived
the Islamic community as a religious association of the
whole social community. It had both spiritual and political
manifestations of its own, distinct and independent from
other communities. S.D Goiten states: “Muhammad, even
in Mecca, conceived of the religious community as a sociopolitical
unit in the astonishing fact that soon after his
arrival at Medina, he was able to organize the whole
population of the town. Muslims and non-Muslims, as a
body politic called Ummah”. 2
The above elaboration makes it clear that the Medina
state was founded by Prophet Muhammad, consolidated
by Abu Bakr, organized and institutionalized by ‘Umar Ibn
al-Khattab. No observer of the Prophet, the founder of the
new Muslim community can fail to be impresses by the