TU/e Academic Awards 2009 - Technische Universiteit Eindhoven

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Industrial Design Figure 1: The theorized design process. ir. S. Bouwstra Figure 2: ECG signal obtained by gold printed electrodes. Figure 3: Neonatal Smart Jacket. Sibrecht is currently a PhD candidate in the department of Industrial Design at TU/e. She continues with the Neonatal Smart Jacket project, working towards a technological design. The project is supervised by prof.dr.ir. L.M.G Feijs, prof.dr. S. Bambang Oetomo and dr. Wei Chen. Smart Jacket Design for Neonatal Monitoring with Wearable Sensors Motivation When critically ill or premature neonates are admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) they are monitored and treated in an incubator. These neonates are extremely tiny and vulnerable to external disturbances. Round-the-clock health monitoring is crucial for early detection of medical problems, however it is also a cause of stress for the neonate. The monitored vital signs include: temperature, electro-cardiogram (ECG), respiration and oxygen saturation (Sp02). Currently, they are obtained with adhesive sensors on the fragile skin with individual wires. (Re)placement of sensors and the large amount of tangling wires lead to discomfort, skin irritation and interruption of the neonate’s sleep. Furthermore, parents commonly feel detached from their baby who is barely recognizable between all the medical equipment. There must be a more comfortable, practical and attractive solution. Smart Jacket, prototype and results TU/e has started a 10-year project in cooperation with the Máxima Medical Center (MMC) Veldhoven for, among others, improving the healthcare of neonates. The vision of the Neonatal Smart Jacket is a wearable unobtrusive continuous monitoring system realized by sensor networks and wireless communication, suitable for monitoring inside the incubator and outside the incubator while in the parent’s hug (Kangaroo Care). In this graduation project the first version of the jacket is designed that enables ECG monitoring by textile electrodes. The Neonatal Smart Jacket aims for providing reliable health monitoring as well as a comfortable clinical environment for neonatal care and parent-child interaction. An iterative design process in close contact with users and experts lead to a balanced integration of technology user focus and aesthetics. The jacket is safe, has aesthetics that appeal to parents and medical staff, makes it easy to dress the baby and is expandable with new technologies. A new solution for the skin-contact challenges of ECG measurement with textile electrodes is proposed by applying multiple textile electrodes and choosing the best signal depending on the position of the baby. Clinical tests have been conducted to measure ECG signals from premature babies in the NICU at the MMC Veldhoven. Qualitatively good ECG signals with clear QRS-complex have been obtained. 7
Biomedical Engineering 8 dr.ir. M. van ‘t Veer Marcel is currently working in the Catharina Hospital in Eindhoven at the cardiovascular departments of cardiology, cardiothoracic surgery, and vascular surgery as Medical Engineer. The main focus of his work is initiating, supporting, and executing medical research taking into account the engineering aspects in the design and analysis of the studies performed. Supervisors: prof.dr. N.H.J. Pijls and prof.dr.ir. F.N. van de Vosse, copromotor: dr.ir. M.C.M. Rutten. Figure 1: Three-dimensional reconstruction of the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries arise just above the aortic valve. Figure 2: Schematic representation of the novel technique to measure blood flow based on thermodilution in the coronary arteries. The top panel (a) represents a coronary artery in which a sensor-tipped guide wire and an infusion catheter are positioned. Through the infusion catheter an indicator (saline) is infused with a known rate (blue arrows). The blood flow mixes with the saline and causes the temperature of the blood to drop slightly (temperature T). The sensor is retracted into the infusion catheter (panel b) and the temperature of the saline is measured (Ti) as it enters the coronary blood stream. Using the ratio of the temperatures measured and the amount of saline infused coronary blood flow can be calculated. Coronary blood flow measurements Thermodilution Coronary arteries (Figure 1) supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients. From the time on that cardiologists were able to obtain images from the coronary arteries there has been an ongoing quest to measure the amount of blood flowing through these vessels. Only surrogate and indirect measures of coronary blood flow have been available until now. Based on the indicator dilution theory a new method has been developed and validated that enables the cardiologist to measure blood flow safely and accurately in the coronary arteries of a patient in the catheterization laboratory. The technique requires information on the amount of infused indicator as well as on differences in temperature between the blood and infused indicator to obtain the value of coronary blood flow (Figure 2). The process to come to a clinically applicable diagnostic technique requires a stepwise approach. In this case coronary blood flow measurement a theoretical model was derived first from the heat equation that expresses the conservation of (thermal) energy within the coronary artery. Consequently, this model was tested in a physiological representative in-vitro model of the systemic and coronary circulation. After encouraging results were found regarding the accuracy of the technique from the in-vitro experiments, the technique was assessed in an animal model as well. The accuracy of the technique was confirmed and the technique was found to be safe. As a final step in the process the technique was applied in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The new technique enables better diagnosis and treatment of patients who have experienced myocardial infarction or who suffer from diseases like syndrome-X and hypertrophy. In addition, evaluation of the effect of stem cell therapy and better follow-up of patients after heart transplantation is possible now. Objective evidence of physiologic regulatory mechanisms of coronary blood flow can be obtained now. The Medical Engineer The process of the development and utilization of a clinical measurement technique requires constant input, feed-back, and feed-forward between the medical and engineering professionals. The medical engineer, with a background in engineering and place of work in a hospital, is the right person to translate clinical questions into research questions with the intention to develop and introduce new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques into the clinical practice.
Page 1 and 2: Where innovation starts TU/e Academ
Page 3 and 4: Contents TU/e Perspective Award 200
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Page 7: Mechanical Engineering 6 ir. J.S. W
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Page 15 and 16: Industrial Design ir. J.F.M. Helmes
Page 17 and 18: Electrical Engineering ir. E.D. Her
Page 19 and 20: Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
Page 21 and 22: Biomedical Engineering ir. J.P.J. S
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Page 27 and 28: Design and Technology of Instrument
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Page 32 and 33: TU/e Doctoral Project Award 2009 Fo
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Page 36 and 37: Electrical Engineering dr.ir. D. va
Page 38 and 39: Biomedical Engineering dr.ir. E.M.
Page 40 and 41: Architecture, Building and Planning
Page 42 and 43: Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
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TU/e Academic Awards 2009 - Technische Universiteit Eindhoven

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