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Vector Volume 11 Issue 1 - 2017

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education to be incorporated into the curriculum for medical<br />

students around the world, with rubrics containing detailed<br />

expectations and outcomes that are applicable to global<br />

health experiences.[21] Educators have a responsibility<br />

to their students to facilitate the development of skills in<br />

cultural competency, compassion, and public health, as well<br />

as encouraging them to understand the potential ethical<br />

challenges they may encounter.[9]<br />

Additional qualitative research is required to ensure that<br />

the expectations, attitudes, and experiences of healthcare<br />

institutions accepting elective students are clearly<br />

understood. Recognising the benefits and concerns of<br />

elective programs in resource-poor settings in greater depth<br />

will ensure that electives do not detract in any way from the<br />

pursuit of global health equity and the provision of care in<br />

these locations.[6]<br />

Acknowledgements<br />

None<br />

13. Snyder J, Dharamsi S, Crooks VA. Fly-by medical care: conceptualizing<br />

the global and local social responsibilities of medical tourists and physician<br />

voluntourists. Globalization and health. 20<strong>11</strong>;7(1):1.<br />

14. McLennan S. Medical voluntourism in Honduras: ‘Helping’ the poor?<br />

Progress in Development Studies. 2014;14(2):163-79.<br />

15. Hanson L, Harms S, Plamondon K. Undergraduate International<br />

Medical Electives: Some Ethical and Pedagogical Considerations. Journal of<br />

Studies in International Education. 20<strong>11</strong>;15(2):171-85.<br />

16. Dharamsi S, OseiTwum JA, Whiteman M. Socially responsible<br />

approaches to international electives and global health outreach. Medical<br />

education. 20<strong>11</strong>;45(5):530-1.<br />

17. Logar T, Le P, Harrison JD, Glass M. Teaching Corner: “First Do<br />

No Harm”: Teaching Global Health Ethics to Medical Trainees Through<br />

Experiential Learning. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry. 2015;12(1):69-78.<br />

18. Asgary R, Junck E. New trends of short-term humanitarian medical<br />

volunteerism: professional and ethical considerations. Journal of medical<br />

ethics. 2013;39(10):625-31.<br />

19. Petrosoniak A, McCarthy A, Varpio L. International health electives:<br />

thematic results of student and professional interviews. Medical Education.<br />

2010;44(7):683-9.<br />

20. McCall D, Iltis AS, editors. Health Care Voluntourism: Addressing<br />

Ethical Concerns of Undergraduate Student Participation in Global Health<br />

Volunteer Work2014: Springer.<br />

21. Stoltenberg M, Rumas N, Parsi K. Global health and service learning:<br />

lessons learned at US medical schools. Medical education online. 2012;17.<br />

Conflict of Interest<br />

None declared<br />

Correspondence<br />

gabbygeorgiou@gmail.com<br />

References<br />

1. Fox GJ, Thompson JE, Bourke VC, Moloney G. Medical students,<br />

medical schools and international health. Medical Journal of Australia.<br />

2007;187(9):536.<br />

2. Crump JA, Sugarman J, the Working Group on Ethics Guidelines for<br />

Global Health T. Ethics and Best Practice Guidelines for Training Experiences<br />

in Global Health. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.<br />

2010;83(6):<strong>11</strong>78-82.<br />

3. Banatvala N, Doyal L. Knowing when to say” no” on the student<br />

elective; students going on electives abroad need clinical guidelines. British<br />

Medical Journal. 1998;316(7142):1404-6.<br />

4. Shah S, Wu T. The medical student global health experience:<br />

professionalism and ethical implications. Journal of medical ethics.<br />

2008;34(5):375-8.<br />

5. Bozinoff N, Dorman KP, Kerr D, Roebbelen E, Rogers E, Hunter A, et<br />

al. Toward reciprocity: host supervisor perspectives on international medical<br />

electives. Medical education. 2014;48(4):397-404.<br />

6. DeCamp M, Enumah S, O’Neill D, Sugarman J. Perceptions of a<br />

short-term medical programme in the Dominican Republic: voices of care<br />

recipients. Global public health. 2014;9(4):4<strong>11</strong>-25.<br />

7. Melby MK, Loh LC, Evert J, Prater C, Lin H, Khan OA. Beyond Medical<br />

“Missions” to Impact-Driven Short-Term Experiences in Global Health<br />

(STEGHs): Ethical Principles to Optimize Community Benefit and Learner<br />

Experience. Academic Medicine. 9000;Publish Ahead of Print.<br />

8. Ketheeswaran P. Good intentions with unknown consequences:<br />

understanding short term medical missions: SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Thesis<br />

GOOD INTENTIONS WITH UNKNOWN CONSEQUENCES: UNDERSTANDING<br />

SHORT TERM MEDICAL MISSIONS by PAVINARMATHA KETHEESWARAN<br />

BS, University of Florida; 2015.<br />

9. Ackerman LK. The Ethics of Short-Term International Health<br />

Electives in Developing Countries. Annals of Behavioral Science and Medical<br />

Education. 2015;16(2):40-3.<br />

10. Dharamsi S, Richards M, Louie D, Murray D, Berland A, Whitfield M,<br />

et al. Enhancing medical students’ conceptions of the CanMEDS Health<br />

Advocate Role through international service-learning and critical reflection:<br />

A phenomenological study. Medical Teacher. 2010;32(12):977-82.<br />

<strong>11</strong>. Wallace LJ. Does Pre-Medical ‘Voluntourism’Improve the Health of<br />

Communities Abroad? Journal of Global Health Perspectives. 2012;1:1-5.<br />

12. Citrin DM. “Paul Farmer Made Me Do It”: A Qualitative Study of Short-<br />

Term Medical Volunteer Work in Remote Nepal: University of Washington;<br />

20<strong>11</strong>.<br />

43

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