<strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r economic gain, <strong>the</strong> earning <strong>of</strong> interest to be used in <strong>the</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>rance <strong>of</strong> Dharma.” Ch’en also states that “<strong>the</strong> large amounts <strong>of</strong> copper possessed by Buddhist temples led <strong>the</strong> [Chinese] government to take numerous measures to regulate its use and circulation. Since copper was also used to mint coins, <strong>the</strong> government wanted to divert <strong>the</strong> whole copper output to <strong>the</strong> government mints. However, one might say that <strong>the</strong> government fought a losing battle in this policy. In order to manufacture 1,000 cash or one string, six catties <strong>of</strong> copper were required. <strong>The</strong> same six cattie, if used in <strong>the</strong> manufacture <strong>of</strong> objects, would be valued about 36,000 cash.” See Ch’en, Buddhism in China, 260. 10. Helmut Brinker, “Facing <strong>the</strong> Unseen: On <strong>the</strong> Interior Adornment <strong>of</strong> Eizon’s Iconic Body,” Archives <strong>of</strong> Asian Art 50, (1997/1998): 43. 11. John M. Rosenfield, “<strong>The</strong> Sedgwick Statue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Infant Shōtoku,” Archives <strong>of</strong> Asian Art 22 (1968/1969): 56–79. See also Anne Nishimura Morse and Samuel Crowell Morse, Object as Insight: Japanese Buddhist Art & Ritual (Katonah, N.Y.: Katonah Museum <strong>of</strong> Art, 1995), 88. For additional in<strong>for</strong>mation about this work, see Ka<strong>the</strong>rine L. Brooks, “Standing Prince Shōtoku at Age Two,” to be published online at buddha.pulitzerarts.org. 12. Donald McCallum, review <strong>of</strong> Living Images: Japanese Buddhist Icons in Context, by Robert H. Sharf and Elizabeth Horton Sharf, Monumenta Nipponica 59, no. 2 (Summer, 2004): 271–275. 13. See Donald W. Mitchell, Buddhism: Introducing <strong>the</strong> Buddhist Experience, 2nd ed. (New York: Ox<strong>for</strong>d University Press, 2008), 21. 14. Mitchell, Buddhism, 277. 15. Janine Anderson Sawada, “Political Waves in <strong>the</strong> Zen Sea: <strong>The</strong> Engaku-ji Circle in Early Meiji Japan,” Japanese Journal <strong>of</strong> Religious Studies 25, nos. 1–2 (Spring, 1998): 118–119. 16. Jin Baek, Nothingness: Tadao Ando’s Christian Sacred Space (Abingdon [England]; New York: Routledge, 2009), 203. 17. Baek, Nothingness, 188. 18. Tadao Ando, “From Self-Enclosed Modern Architecture Towards Universality,” <strong>The</strong> Japan Architect 301 (May 1982); published in Tadao Ando and Francesco Dal Co, Tadao Ando (London: Phaidon Press, 1995), 446. 19. Tadao Ando, “Light, Shadow and Form: <strong>the</strong> Koshino House,” Via 11 (1990); published in Ando and Dal Co, Tadao Ando, 458. 20. Mitchell, Buddhism, 36. 21. Tadao Ando, introduction to Tadao Ando, Buildings, Projects, Writings (New York, 1984); published in Ando and Dal Co, Tadao Ando, 449. 22. Tom Krens as reported in Rosalind Krauss, “<strong>The</strong> Cultural Logic <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Late Capitalist Museum,” October 54 (Autumn, 1990): 7; see also Emma Barker, Contemporary Cultures <strong>of</strong> Display (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), 43–46. 23. Ando, Process and Idea, 224. 24. Ando, Process and Idea, 225. 25. Robert E. Fisher, Art <strong>of</strong> Tibet (London: Thames & Hudson, 1997), 70. 26. Tadao Ando, “A Wedge in Circumstances,” <strong>The</strong> Japan Architect 243 (June 1977); published in Ando and Dal Co, Tadao Ando, 444. 27. Charles Goodman, “Ethics in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism,” <strong>The</strong> Stan<strong>for</strong>d Encyclopedia <strong>of</strong> Philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta (Stan<strong>for</strong>d: <strong>The</strong> Metaphysics Research Lab, 2010), accessed October 1, 2011, http://plato.stan<strong>for</strong>d.edu/archives/fall2010/entries/ ethics-indian-buddhism. 28. Masao Furuyama, Tadao Ando *1941: <strong>the</strong> Geometry <strong>of</strong> Human Space (Cologne: Taschen, 2006), 15. 29. Baek, Nothingness, 183. 30. Baek, Nothingness, 194–195. 31. Baek, Nothingness, 196. 32. Tadao Ando, Tadao Ando: 1983–2000 (Madrid: El Croquis Editorial, 2000), 14–15. 33. Donald K. Swearer, “Control and Freedom: <strong>The</strong> Structure <strong>of</strong> Buddhist Meditation in <strong>the</strong> Pāli Suttas, Philosophy East and West 23, no. 4 (Oct., 1973): 438. 17 34. Mircea Eliade, “Yoga and Modern Philosophy,” <strong>The</strong> Journal <strong>of</strong> General Education 15, no. 2 (July 1963): 133. 35. Baek, Nothingness, 182. 36. Tadao Ando, “Shintai in Space,” in Architecture and <strong>the</strong> Body (New York, 1988); published in Ando and Dal Co, Tadao Ando, 453. 37. Ka<strong>the</strong>rine L. Brooks, Left Hand <strong>of</strong> a Colossal <strong>Buddha</strong> Amitābha (Amida Nyōrai), to be published at buddha.pulitzerarts.org. Standing <strong>Buddha</strong> (possibly Śākyamuni) (Sokkamuni), 8th or 9th century, Korea
18 A Scene from <strong>the</strong> Life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Buddha</strong>, late 2nd or early 3rd century, Pakistan facing page Torso <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Buddha</strong>, 5th century, India
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