Guide to Preventing Parasites.pdf - Royal Canin Canada

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efore the treatment program is started and infests the inside of the home, the program, because of its length, will eradicate these fleas in the months that follow. When a man weighing more than 75 kg walks on a carpet containing cocoons, he causes the emergence of 31% of the fleas after a single pass and 100% of them after the fifth pass (Silverman et Rust, 1985). Studies have shown that during the summer, 90 to 95% of fleas emerge between the 28 th and 35 th day and only a few between 35 th and 60 th day. According to American studies, all fleas hatch within five months. However, European authors have observed sporadic emergences up to 50 weeks after the start of pupation. Fleas survive the winter only on infested animals or in places that are very well protected against the cold. For a cat that roams outdoors, even in the winter, consideration might be given to placing it on a year-round treatment, as it could take refuge in a flea-infested shelter and bring some back into the home. Flea products act quickly. Fleas jump onto animals and take a first blood meal almost immediately, on average, within 30 seconds (Cadiergues et coll., 2000; Dryden et Rust, 1994). Mating takes place after the meal, and the female starts to lay eggs one to two days later. Egg production is rather low during the first three days (Thomas et coll., 1996). Table 29. Details on antiflea agents for dogs and cats Substance(s) Trade name(s) Formulation(s) Mechanism of action 44 Action Pyrethrins Several Powder, spray, etc. Sodium channels Adulticide Permethrins* Defend, etc Topical Sodium channels Adulticide Methoprene Ovicollar, etc Collar, spray Larvicide Growth inhibitor Lufenuron Program Sentinel Imidacloprid Advantage, Advantage Multi Tablets, injectable Larvicide Inhibits hatching Topical Blocks acétylcholine receptors Nitenpyram Capstar Tablets Blocks acétylcholine receptors Adulticide Adulticide Selamectin Revolution Topical GABA antagonist Adulticide Substance(s) Minimum age for treating Onset of action Duration of residual effect Pyrethrins 8 weeks Minutes Days < 1980 Permethrins* 8 weeks Minutes to 72 hours 4 weeks 1980 Methoprene No mention Slow 7 to 12 months 1994 Lufenuron 6 weeks (cats) 6 weeks (dogs) Slow 32 to 45 days 1994 Year launched
Imidacloprid 8 weeks 2 to 12 hours 4 weeks 1997 Nitenpyram 4 weeks 30 minutes to 6 hours 45 36 hours (cats) 24 hours (dogs) 2000 Selamectine 6 weeks 12 to 36 hours 4 weeks 2000 * = The use of permethrins in cats can lead to severe poisoning Recommendations: Animals that go outdoors, even for brief periods of time, should be treated prophylactically to protect them during the period from early June to late November. Treating the inside of a home in which an infested animal lives is not indicated, unless there are very young children or someone with an allergy, the animal is allergic, there are a large number of fleas, or the occupants cannot tolerate fleas being there. In such cases, the services of an exterminator may be used. One or more fleas may persist on a treated animal without this having to cast doubt on the product’s effectiveness. All the available products will take a certain amount of time before they kill a flea that jumps onto a treated animal. This is of more concern if the animal’s environment is still infested. An allergic animal will benefit from the use of any flea product, provided the parasite load decreases both on the animal and in the environment within a reasonable amount of time. Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Pfizer Animal Health for their support in the production, printing and distribution of this document. REFERENCES AHS, 2005a. Guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention and management of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in dogs. http://heartwormsociety.org/AHS%20guidelines-Canine2005PF.htm. (18 Oct 2005). AHS, 2005b. Guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention and management of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in cats. http://heartwormsociety.org/AHS%20guidelines-Feline2005PF.htm. (18 Oct 2005). ANVIK JO, Hague AE, Rahaman A. 1974. A method of estimating urban dog populations and its application to the assessment of canine fecal pollution and endoparasitism in Saskatchewan. Canadian Veterinary Journal 15: 219-223. BLAGBURN BL, Lindsay DS, Vaughan JL, Rippey NS, Wright JC, Lynn RC, Kelch WJ, Ritchie GCm Hepler DI. 1996. Prevalence of canine parasites based on fecal flotation. Compendium of Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 18: 483-509.
Page 1 and 2: GUIDE TO PREVENTING PARASITE INFECT
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1. Species reported in dog
Page 5 and 6: Tapeworms Specific to dogs Specific
Page 7 and 8: Table 2. Canadian studies of the pr
Page 9 and 10: Capillaria spp. 0.1 0.9 Taenia spp.
Page 11 and 12: Table 6. Parasite prevalence in sam
Page 13 and 14: The total number of specimens from
Page 15 and 16: Table 12. List of canine and feline
Page 17 and 18: Toxocara canis 4 3 2 9 Toxoplasma 5
Page 19 and 20: 3.4 A program tailored to our condi
Page 21 and 22: seem very reassuring, but at best,
Page 23 and 24: Table 16. Egg density varies accord
Page 25 and 26: Table 20. Recommended techniques fo
Page 27 and 28: Giardia > Y ++ + + Taenia = ++ + ++
Page 29 and 30: Special terminology is used on labe
Page 31 and 32: Sarcophagidae (myiasis) Ivermectin*
Page 33 and 34: Table 25. List of drugs and their m
Page 35 and 36: There is another type of study that
Page 37 and 38: eed and place of birth, we can expe
Page 39 and 40: infected animal’s health. Since i
Page 41 and 42: Table 27. Number of cases of canine
Page 43: - In cats, prophylaxis can be achie
Page 47 and 48: HALAL F, Lampron F, Viens P. 1975.

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