Internationalisation monitor 2012 - CBS

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1.4.1 Imports and exports of commodities, by SITC classification Import value Export value 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Q1* 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Q1* billion euro Total 335.9 274.0 331.9 364.9 96.8 370.5 309.4 371.5 409.4 107.6 Food and live animals 27.0 25.7 28.3 32.1 8.5 42.1 40.2 45.2 48.0 12.0 Beverages and tobacco 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.7 1.0 6.1 5.9 6.2 7.0 1.6 Crude materials, inedible ex. fuels 13.9 9.8 13.3 15.9 3.8 18.1 15.4 19.1 20.8 5.9 Mineral fuels, lubricants, related materials 61.1 43.0 60.0 80.0 24.0 56.8 38.3 51.0 67.8 21.0 Animal and vegetable oils, fats 3.3 and waxes 2.2 2.7 3.9 1.1 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 1.0 Chemicals and related products 48.5 44.0 51.0 47.0 12.4 66.0 59.3 70.6 73.5 19.0 Manufactured goods classified 38.7 by materials 28.3 33.6 38.3 9.4 35.3 26.7 33.2 36.7 9.3 Machinery and transport equipment 102.0 83.0 100.1 103.0 26.1 107.4 88.3 106.5 111.8 27.3 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 37.3 33.8 37.8 38.4 10.1 32.7 30.5 34.6 36.9 9.7 Commodities not classified elsewhere 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.7 0.4 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.8 0.8 Source: CBS, Statline, International trade in goods (extracted: 2-9-2012). 1.4.2 Breakdown of Dutch trade in terms of technology Import value Export value 1997 2010 2011 1997 2010 2011 billion euro Total 157.4 331.9 364.9 171.4 371.5 409.4 % High-tech products 27 31 26 25 31 28 Medium to high-tech products 23 18 18 25 19 20 Medium to low-tech products 25 33 36 21 27 30 Low-tech products 24 19 19 29 23 22 Unclassified 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source: CBS. 32 Statistics Netherlands
The Netherlands seeks to expand knowledge and innovation in its export product range (Innovatieplatform, 2004). To see if this shift is present in the trading range of the Netherlands, an insightful way of classifying goods traded is by the level of technology embodied in a product. This classification system was developed by Martins and Opromolla (2009) and is based on Loschky (2008). Table 1.4.2 shows the composition of Dutch trade in terms of technology level, and the developments over time. Table 1.1.1a in the annex shows which types of goods belong to which category. In 1997, the composition of Dutch imports was quite equally divided across the four categories, with high-tech products making up the highest share. By 2011, this balance had shifted mostly in favour of medium to low-tech products. Over a third of Dutch imports consisted of medium to low-tech products in 2011, even more than in 2010. This development can be related to the kinds of products involved. The Netherlands is an active trader in, and re-exporter of fossil fuels such as natural gas, crude oil and derivates. The Netherlands is also specialised in storing and refining these products. Fossil fuels form a key component of medium to low-tech products. A quarter of the imports were high-tech. In relative terms, the imports of medium to high-tech products and low-tech products have declined significantly since 1997. The key commodities involved in the decline of the first category are cars, motors and other transportation vehicles as well as electric machinery and (household) appliances. Low-tech imports that decreased in importance since 1997 were clothes and apparel, (recycled) paper, pulp, cardboard and cellulose. Low-tech products tend to be cheap products subject to heavy international competitive pressure. Therefore this decline might seem more dramatic while in terms of import volume, the decline is actually less pronounced. Low-tech products were the largest exports category in 1997. However, by 2011 exports consisted mostly of medium to low-tech products and high-tech products. The shares of medium to high-tech and of low-tech products were decreasing. High-tech exports that have become more important since 1997 are pharmaceuticals and ‘new technology’ items such as cell phones, video cameras, memory storage devices, (parts of) computers etc. Visualisation 1.4.3 shows how Dutch imports from different countries has shifted in terms of dominant product technology between 1997 and 2011. Strikingly, most imports from EU countries seem to shift towards a lower degree of technology. Dutch imports from the United Kingdom and Sweden have shifted from a concentration of high-tech to medium to high-tech products. However, imports from non-EU countries show a shift in concentration of low-tech to higher technological products. In 1997, only non-EU imports from the US, Japan, South-Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore were dominated by high-tech products. In 2011 more countries shifted towards high-tech products, for example imports from Mexico, Costa Rico and China were now dominated by them. Some non-EU countries, like Australia, show the opposite development. Internationalisation Monitor 2012 33
Page 1 and 2: Internationalisation Monitor 2012
Page 3 and 4: Foreword This fifth edition of the
Page 5 and 6: Contents Foreword 3 Introduction: t
Page 7: 10 International trade in goods by
Page 11 and 12: Introduction: the Internationalisat
Page 13 and 14: In each edition of the Internationa
Page 15 and 16: indicate that Dutch enterprises sti
Page 17 and 18: deepening already existing relation
Page 19: new jobs and sustainable growth. Re
Page 23 and 24: Trends in international trade in go
Page 25 and 26: 1.2 Trends in trade and the economi
Page 27 and 28: The international trade in goods is
Page 29 and 30: 1.2.5 Development of Dutch GDP; imp
Page 31: 1.3.1 International trade in goods
Page 35 and 36: 1.4.4 Geographical composition of e
Page 37 and 38: Table 1.5.2 shows the five main tra
Page 39 and 40: 1.5.4 Geographical composition of r
Page 41: 1.1.1a Annex Annex Level Descriptio
Page 45 and 46: A closer look at BRIC traders 2.1 2
Page 47 and 48: the characteristics of firms active
Page 49 and 50: About 80 percent of the importers i
Page 51 and 52: Table 2.3.4 shows BRIC trade by sec
Page 53 and 54: Comparing BRIC traders to the avera
Page 55 and 56: 2.4.1 Relation of BRIC trade to fir
Page 57 and 58: egressions as in tables 2.4.1 and 2
Page 59 and 60: Likelihood of BRIC trade Finally, a
Page 61: 2.5 Conclusions This chapter analys
Page 65 and 66: Trends in the international trade i
Page 67 and 68: The overall Dutch import and export
Page 69 and 70: 3.3.2 (imports) and 3.3.3 (exports)
Page 71 and 72: 3.4.1 Share of business and persona
Page 73 and 74: 0 2006 exported service to these tw
Page 75 and 76: services. For Brazil and Australia
Page 77 and 78: 3.7.3 Total import values of servic
Page 79: Trends in foreign investments
Page 82 and 83:
This chapter presents the latest da
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Graph 4.2.1 shows that FDI flows fl
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4.2.3 Inward and outward FDI, by kn
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4.3.1 Share of foreign controlled e
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4.4 Dutch controlled enterprises ou
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4.4.3 Turnover of Dutch controlled
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4.4.5 Ratio of turnover outside the
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International enterprises in a regi
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Internationally active enterprises,
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5.3 International enterprises in a
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Local business units owned by a for
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Graph 5.3.3 shows the share of fore
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108 Statistics Netherlands Zeeuws-V
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5.4.3 Local business units of two-w
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112 Statistics Netherlands However,
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Table 5.4.9 and 5.4.10 show the int
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116 Statistics Netherlands Two thir
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is at foreign controlled local unit
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Enterprise demography of internatio
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to its trade portfolio, or by incre
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We also expect that the internation
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6.4 Descriptive statistics The demo
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owner) in the Netherlands and espec
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6.4.3 Enterprise growth rate of for
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abroad makes extra demands on an en
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6.6.1 Survival rates of new start-u
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6.6.3 Survival rates of new start-u
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6.7.1 Cox regression model fitted t
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Annex Births of Dutch and foreign c
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Economic effects of enterprise dyna
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We studied the development trajecto
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categories for 2008 alone, because
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150 Statistics Netherlands group cr
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Total turnover of the cohort of 200
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This table only shows some outlines
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7.4.6 Comparison of similar Dutch a
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7.5 Economic development before exi
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7.5.3 Matching variables and refere
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7.5.5 Development of matched Dutch
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164 Statistics Netherlands Research
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Enterprise dynamics and internation
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We start out by illustrating how ne
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8.3 Data and methodology In order t
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8.3.2 Enterprises with product-coun
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Continuing importers are by far the
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8.5.2 Trade portfolio at export sta
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Interesting to see is that both new
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8.6 Survival analysis In this parag
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Survival of international traders:
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8.6.2 Survival rates of new traders
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8.6.3 Enterprise survival of trader
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Survival of international traders:
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8.6.4 Survival rates of new traders
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Graph 8.6.4 shows that there is onl
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significant differences. Further an
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8.4a Pairwise comparisons between d
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Enterprise dynamics during the fina
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economic activity, size, (foreign)
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Linking the information on jobs and
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The birth and death rates as presen
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9.4 Economic impact of the financia
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9.4.1 Turnover, jobs, import and ex
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9.4.2 Dynamics of size classes betw
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International trade patterns of for
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9.5 Statistical analysis Our analys
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9.5.2 Year-on-year (corrected) mean
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turnover growth over the five years
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International trade in goods by ent
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This chapter presents information a
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10.2 Overview of international trad
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For SMEs that export goods, the sha
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10.4.1 Import and export value of g
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10.5.1 Share of importers/exporters
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International trade in services by
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11.2 Overview of the international
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11.3 International trade in service
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11.4 International trade in service
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11.4.2 Imports of services by econo
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11.5.1 Share of international servi
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Foreign Direct Investments 12.1 12.
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12.2 The Dutch share in worldwide F
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12.2.2 Dutch share in EU-15 FDI (st
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12.3.2 Dutch FDI (stocks) relative
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12.4.1 Dutch FDI (stocks), by count
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12.5 Dutch FDI stocks: by economic
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12.5.2 Inward FDI (stocks) by econo
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International traffic and transport
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13.2 International air passenger tr
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13.2.2 International passenger tran
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etween European countries (average
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13.3.2 Loaded and unloaded internat
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Vehicles registered in Germany, Bel
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13.4.2 Share of Dutch road transpor
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Malaysia (+18) and Hong Kong (+18)
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13.5.2 Sea container transport to a
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Internationalisation and employment
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14.2 Overview of the data on intern
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14.3 Employment situation at Dutch
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14.4 Workforce composition and job
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14.4.2 Job dynamics at Dutch and fo
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14.5.2 Share of high and low-paid e
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CBS. (2007). Key Figures Internatio
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Groot, S.P.T., De Groot, H., Lejour
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Ramaekers, P. and E. Daems. (2009).
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