MISO Energy Storage Study Phase 1 Report - Utility Wind ...
MISO Energy Storage Study Phase 1 Report - Utility Wind ...
MISO Energy Storage Study Phase 1 Report - Utility Wind ...
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ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Storage</strong> Technology Overviews<br />
Pumped Hydro <strong>Storage</strong><br />
Pumped storage hydro (PSH) has been a proven energy storage technology for over 40 years.<br />
PSH utilizes large, aboveground reservoirs to store water at different elevations. The facility<br />
draws energy from the grid to pump water from the lower to the higher reservoir, and supplies<br />
energy to the grid when the water that is allowed to run back down to the lower reservoir drives a<br />
water turbine that powers the generator. Current worldwide PSH capacity is around 100 GW (see<br />
Figure 3-3). US capacity is 16 GW at FERC licensed plants (see Figure 3-2) with a further 33<br />
GW in currently permitted proposed projects.<br />
3-4<br />
Figure 3-2: FERC Registered Pumped <strong>Storage</strong> Projects, July 2011<br />
Pumped hydro systems are customarily used for energy arbitrage opportunities. At low demand<br />
periods (off-peak), low cost electric power is used to pump water from a lower reservoir to a<br />
higher reservoir. At peak demand periods, when the electricity price is high, water is released<br />
through a turbine to generate electricity. Only when the differential between peak and off-peak<br />
prices is sufficiently large to compensate for the energy losses incurred during round-trip<br />
charge/discharge cycle, does it make economic sense to dispatch PSH. Besides the energy<br />
arbitrage potential, energy storage can provide operating reserves (contingency reserves) and<br />
system balancing services to the grid because of its fast response characteristics.
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