American Ways – A Guide for Foreigners in the

AMERICAN VALUES AND ASSUMPTIONS 5
fered below has eight entries, each covering a set of closely
related values and assumptions commonly held by Americans:
individualism, freedom, competitiveness, and privacy;
equality; informality; the future, change, and progress;
goodness of humanity; time; achievement, action, work,
and materialism; and directness and assertiveness. Because
individualism is so vital to understanding American society
and culture, it receives more attention than the others.
Notice that the values and assumptions discussed
below overlap with and support each other. In general,
they agree with each other. They fit together. A culture
can be viewed as a collection of values and assumptions
that go together to shape the way a group of people perceives
and relates to the world around them.
Individualism, Freedom,
Competitiveness, and Privacy
Individualism
The most important thing to understand about Americans
is probably their devotion to individualism. They are
trained from very early in their lives to consider themselves
as separate individuals who are responsible for their
own situations in life and their own destinies. They are
not trained to see themselves as members of a close-knit,
interdependent family, religious group, tribe, nation, or
any other collectivity.
You can see it in the way Americans treat their children.
One day I was at a local shopping mall, waiting in
line to buy an Orange Julius. (An Orange Julius is a cool
drink made in a blender with orange juice, ice, and some
other ingredients.) Behind me in the line was a woman