Attosecond Control and Measurement: Lightwave Electronics

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GROUP MEMBERS ASSOCIATED SCIENTIFIC STAFF - Prof. U. Kleineberg (LMU 1 ) - S. Becker - Dr. Jingquan Lin - A. Henig - M. Hofstetter - D. Kiefer - Prof. D. Habs - K. Golab (Max-Planck Fellow, LMU) - R. Weingartner - Dr. U. Schramm - M. Fuchs (until 9/2006) - Dr. J. Schreiber (Sabbatical from 2/2008 till 1/2009) POSTDOCTORAl STAFF & GUEST RESEARChERS - MPQ: - M. Centurion - X. Gu - M. Schultze - Y. Deng - S. Karsch - M. Siebold - R. Ernstorfer - Zs. Major - G. Tsakiris - E. Fill - Y. Mikhailova - S. Trushin - M. Geissler - A. Marcinkevicius - L. Veisz (until 8/2008) (until 12/2006) - T. J. Wang - E. Goulielmakis - J. Meyer-ter-Vehn - T. Wittmann - F. Grüner - Y. Nomura - H.-C. Wu - LMU: - A. Apolonskiy - M. Uiberacker - J. Fülöp (until 1/2007) (until 4/2008) - S. Naumov (until 12/2006) - V. Yakovlev - V. Pervak - A. Sugita - J. Rauschenberger Ph.D CANDIDATES - MPQ: - I. Ahmad - S. Klingebiel - P. Reckenthäler - A. Buck - K. Kosma - S. Rykovanov - A. Fernandez* - J. Li* - M. Schultze - J. Gagnon - C. Lin* - F. Tavella* - T. Ganz - Y. Nomura - A. Tronnier* - D. Herrmann - J. Osterhoff - A. Verhoef* - B. Horvath - A. Popp - C. Wandt - N. Ishii* - I. Pupeza - M. Wen - LMU: - R. Hörlein - K. Schmid - C. Teisset - T. Metzger DIPlOMA CANDIDATES - MPQ: - S. Benavides* - I. Grguras* - W. Schweinberger - R. Graf* - B. Reiter* - R. Tautz - D. Grupe* - J. Schmidt* - LMU: - M. Kraus - B. Marx* - A. Wytrykus* - A. S. Kruber* 1 LMU= Ludwig Maximilians Universität 1 S C I E N T I F I C R E P O R T S TEChNICAl - MPQ: - A. Böswald - H. Haas - A. Raufer - G. Brandl - A. Horn - H.-P. Schönauer - M. Fischer - LMU: - S. Herbst MANAGEMENT, OUTREACh - MPQ: - LMU: - MAP 2 : - Th. Naeser - B. Ferus - K. Adler - B. Schütz - Ch. Hacken- - C. Reichelt - M. Wild berger KEY COllABORATORS - D. Attwood - K. Kompa - H. Schröder (Berkeley) (MPQ) (MPQ) - J. Barth - N. Kroo - A. Scrinzi (TUM) (Budapest) (TU Wien) - J. Burgdörfer - W. Leemans - D. Sutter (Vienna) (Berkeley) (Trumpf GmbH) - D. Charalambidis - R. Levine - M. Stockman (Crete) (Jerusalem) (Atlanta) - P. Feulner - M. Lezius - L. Strüder (TUM) (MPQ) (HLL) - I. Földes - D. Menzel - T. Taira (Budapest) (TUM) (IMS, Japan) - M. Geissler - R. Moshammer - V. Tarnetsky (Belfast) (Heidelberg) (Novosibirsk) - T. W. Hänsch - C. Nicolaides - A. V. Tikhonravov (MPQ, LMU) (Athens) & M. K. Trubetskov - D. Hoffmann - M. Nisoli (Moscow) (Aachen) (Milan) - A. Tünnermann - M. Hegelich - L. O´Silva (Jena) (Los Alamos) (Lissabon) - T. Udem - J. Hein - G. G. Paulus (MPQ) (Jena) (Jena) - J. Ullrich - S. Hooker - G. Pretzler (Heidelberg)) (Oxford) (Düsseldorf) - M. Vrakking - M. Yu. Ivanov - F. Remacle (Amsterdam (Ottawa) (Liège) - M. Zepf (Belfast) JUNIOR RESEARCh GROUPS - Attosecond Dynamics - Dr. R. Kienberger: - Dr. A. Cavalieri - M. Fieß - W. Helml - Dr. G. Marcus - U. Graf - E. Magerl - Attosecond Imaging - Dr. M. Kling: - Dr. Th. Uphues - O. Herrwerth - I. Znakovskaya - Dr. S. Zherebtsov - A. Wirth * received degree during report period; 2 MAP= Munich Centre for Advanced Photonics 132 Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik • Progress Report 2007/2008
INTRODUCTION The motion of electrons and light wave oscillations (being mutually the cause of each other) occur at an inconceivable pace, measured in billionths of a billionth of a second, in attoseconds (asec) [1]. By drawing on the interaction of electrons and light, attosecond science [2] aims at measuring, controlling, and exploiting these processes: electron motion and light waves. The symbiosis of light and electrons is now being extended from nature to technology. Controlled few-cycle light waves [3] exert a force on electrons that is controlled and variable on the attosecond scale. Electron motion driven by this force has allowed the reproducible generation and measurement of isolated attosecond pulses [4,5]. These tools and techniques gave birth to a new technology, which we dub lightwave electronics [6]. It allows control and measurement of the atomic-scale motion of electrons and light field oscillations, just as microwave electronics permits control and measurement of nanometer-scale current and microwave fields. Lightwave electronics has spawned experimental attosecond science and advanced metrology to the electronic time scale. Steering electron motion in molecules [7], real-time observation of the electrons’ quantum transitions deep inside atoms [8], their escape via tunneling [9], and their atomic-scale transport in solids [10] demonstrate the power of the new technology. Confinement of light energy to within a few wave cycles is opening another field of physics, related to ultrastrong fields and forces. The power of laser light and the strength of its electromagnetic fields grow inversely with pulse duration and may access unprecedented levels. The resultant light forces ionize matter, drive electrons to near the velocity of light – producing relativistic electrons – and can even completely separate them from ions, thus generating giant electric fields in plasma waves. These light and plasma fields can accelerate electrons within micro- and milli-meters to energies acquirable only over tens to hundreds of meters in conventional accelerators [11-14]. Control of the emerging multi-million-volt electrons with ultra-strong fields of controlled light waveforms will extend attosecond control to relativistic electron motion and open a new branch of attosecond science: high-field attosecond physics. It may give rise to intense attosecond pulses [15] and ultra-bright sources of hard X-rays and other energetic particles. The mission of the Joint LMU-MPQ Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (LAP) affiliated with the MPQ and the Department of Physics of the LMU is to develop and advance attosecond science, including lightwave electronics, for steering and probing the pico- to nanometre-scale motion of electrons bound to atomic structures, and high-field attosecond physics, for 1 . 3 . 1 S U M M A R Y O F S C I E N T I F I C A C T I V I T I E S controlling with nano- to micrometre precision the trajectories of relativistic electrons, and demonstrate applications of the new technologies in interdisciplinary collaborations. The “critical mass” required for successful pursuit of these demanding long-term objectives is now emerging thanks to very substantial resources being devoted to the research activities in these areas by the Max-Planck Gesellschaft (MPG) and by the Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität (LMU). Whilst the MPG provides invaluable regular funding for running LAP as well as for several major projects including the Petawatt Field Synthesizer, the LMU is the host university of the Cluster of Excellence: Munich- Centre for Advanced Photonics – MAP (directors: D. Habs and F. Krausz) [16], which sponsors a number of LAP projects and supplies LAP with optical components of key importance from its newly-created MAP Service Center. Moreover, MAP has permitted the establishment of several new professorships: W3 (full, tenured): theory of relativistic light-matter interactions, W2 (associate, tenured track): high-intensity laser technology; W2: brilliant X-ray sources; W2: ultrafast spectroscopy on surfaces; W2: theory of microscopic electron dynamics. Furthermore the successor of Prof. Habs is now being appointed at the level of W3, several years before the retirement of Prof. Habs, in the area of laserbased particle acceleration and high-field science. We shall pursue LAP’s long-term research goals in close collaboration with these colleagues. Once all these groups are established, some 150-200 researchers at LAP and the associated MAP-groups will be active in the fields of research outlined above, forming a critical mass for efficient pursuit of LAP’s many ambitious and demanding long-term goals. 1.3.1 SUMMARY OF RESEARCh ACTIVITIES Our research is organized in three main areas: • advancing femtosecond technology towards higher average or peak powers, towards bandwidths spanning an octave and beyond and towards stabilizing the carrier-envelope phase and thereby the waveform of laser pulses and with the improved femtosecond tools developing and advancing • lightwave electronics: attosecond control and spectroscopy, for gaining insight into and control over the motion of electrons in atomic structures and • high-field attosecond science: relativistic electron control, for developing intense attosecond sources and ultra-brilliant sources of high-energy particles (X-ray photons, Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik • Progress Report 2007/2008 133
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