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8 Spine technology KCE reports vol.39 Figure 2 : Search results (flow diagram) of RCTs. 2.3.1.8 Harms and complications As mentioned above, the only published RCT found equivalent complication rates between disk replacement and spinal fusion 17, 25 . However, the data provided in the published articles slightly differ from those provided by the FDA 34 , and it is not very clear which data are right. Looking in more detail at the complication data, device-related adverse events (defined as back and lower extremities pain, implant displacement, and subsidence) were more frequent in the investigational group (7.8% vs. 4.0% in the control group; odds ratio 2.01, 95% CI 0.65 6.18) (figure 3). On the other hand, device failure (defined as reoperation, revision, removal, or supplemental fixation) occurred more frequently in the control group (8.1% vs. 5.4% in the interventional group; odds ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.25 1.66) (figure 3).
KCE reports vol.39 Spine technology 9 Two interventional subjects and one control subject required removal of their implant. This is a major concern particularly at the L5S1-level because of the neighbouring anatomical structures. However, no hard safety data exist about implant removal. The interventional group also experienced more superficial wound infection (6.3% vs. 2.0% in the control group) (figure 3). However, in the control group 18.2% reported pain at the donor graft site, and 9.1% had pseudo-arthrosis. Review: Intervertebral disk replacement Comparison: 02 Charité disk vs. ALIF BAK cage Outcome: 01 Device-related adverse events Study Treatment Control OR (fixed) Weight OR (fixed) or sub-category n/N n/N 95% CI % 95% CI Blumenthal 16/205 4/99 100.00 2.01 [0.65, 6.18] Total (95% CI) 205 99 100.00 2.01 [0.65, 6.18] Total events: 16 (Treatment), 4 (Control) Test for heterogeneity: not applicable Test for overall effect: Z = 1.22 (P = 0.22) Review: Intervertebral disk replacement Comparison: 02 Charité disk vs. ALIF BAK cage Outcome: 02 Superficial wound infection 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Favours treatment Favours control Study Treatment Control OR (fixed) Weight OR (fixed) or sub-category n/N n/N 95% CI % 95% CI Blumenthal 13/205 2/99 100.00 3.28 [0.73, 14.84] Total (95% CI) 205 99 100.00 3.28 [0.73, 14.84] Total events: 13 (Treatment), 2 (Control) Test for heterogeneity: not applicable Test for overall effect: Z = 1.54 (P = 0.12) Review: Intervertebral disk replacement Comparison: 02 Charité disk vs. ALIF BAK cage Outcome: 03 Device failure 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Favours treatment Favours control Study Treatment Control OR (fixed) Weight OR (fixed) or sub-category n/N n/N 95% CI % 95% CI Blumenthal 11/205 8/99 100.00 0.64 [0.25, 1.66] Total (95% CI) 205 99 100.00 0.64 [0.25, 1.66] Total events: 11 (Treatment), 8 (Control) Test for heterogeneity: not applicable Test for overall effect: Z = 0.91 (P = 0.36) 2.3.1.9 Ongoing trials 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Favours treatment Favours control Figure 3 : comparison of adverse events between the Charité disk and ALIF BAK cage 17, 25, 34 . Several trials comparing intervertebral disc replacement with spinal fusion are currently ongoing. In October 2004, the FDA approved the Charité disc based on the 2-year results of a randomized controlled trial comparing the disc to anterior fusion with the BAK cage 35 . A post-approval trial is now following implanted patients during 5 years 36 . In Europe, the RESORD trial is ongoing 8 . The newer devices (Flexicore, Maverick, and Kineflex) also have ongoing randomized controlled trials 33, 37 .
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