of Ban Don Bay and Phangnga Bay, Thailand - WorldFish Center

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mostly composed of mud, sand, silt and gravel which probably came from fluvial sediment deposits as well as from weathering and erosion of rock formations along the coast (Siripong 1987). Climate The climate is inte.rmediate between equatorial and tropical monsoon types and is favored by constant high temperature without extremes of heat; high rainfall with little risk of monsoon failure; and a diy season of moderate severity. The topography of the region with its mountain chains running along the peninsula has considerable effect on the climate especially on the rainfall distribution. Dry season is generally experienced in February and March on both the east and west coasts. In April, rainfall starts on the west coast due to the southwest monsoon and lasts from June to September. Dry season prevails until December. Rainfall on the east coasts is moderate at about 100 mmlmonth until the onset of the northeast monsoon in September. Precipitation intensifies up to 500 mm around November (Fig. 1.7). Although the rainfall patterns of Krabi and Phuket are of west coast type, precipitation is considerably lower than the average of Ranong and Phangnga (JICA 1985). n J F M A M J J A S O N D Month - Eost Coast Fig. 1.7. Mean annual rainfall in the Upper South, Thailand, 1969-1978. Mean monthly temperature ranges from 290C (sometimes up to 390C inland), usually in the wettest month, to 33-350C, usually in April. Mean monthly minimum ranges from 200C in January to 240C in May. Inland temperature may fall to 130C in January. Extremes at some sheltered inland sites may be outside the 120C and 390C range, but coastal areas have more uniform temperatures. Catchment Area There are a number of catchment areas between Phuket Range and Nakhon Range. The Phum Duang River Basin is the largest, covering 6,125 km2, or 41% of the total catchment
area. This is followed by the Tapi River Basin covering about 5,460 km2 or 37% of the total catchment area (Fig. 1.8). The headwater of K. Phum Duang is situated in the west and drains mainly on the eastern slopes of Phuket Range with several substantial tributaries such as K. Saeng, K. Sok and K. Yan. From the south is K. Tapi which drains into an extended part of the Central Lowland and the western slopes of Nakhon Range. The two main rivers join about 10 km west of Surat Thani, forming an extended delta as they discharge into the Gulf of Thailand. I I I 1 98%' 99bd 93'30' IOOW Fig. 1.8. Tapi-Phum Duang River Watershed, Upper South, Thailand. Land Use and Agriculture Present land use comprises cultivated areas of tree crops and paddies covering 23% of the total land area. Low intensity land use areas cover 41% and forested areas, 36%. Most of the forested areas are in the highlands and need to be reforested and/or rehabilitated for environmental protection or reserved for future use. These areas also include mangrove forests along the coastal zone. Cultivated land will most likely remain at 23% of the total area but uses will be intensified and diversified. The replacement of old rubber trees by high-yielding varieties and the introduction of irrigation in the paddy areas are likely in the near future. The Upper South Region is endowed with a large area of unused or underused land which is estimated to cover about 6,900 km2 or 66% of the land area suitable for agricultural
Page 2 and 3: i , Thcoastal Environmental Profile
Page 4 and 5: m I0 B Contents List of Figures ...
Page 6 and 7: List of Tables Geology of the Upper
Page 8 and 9: List of Figures The Upper South Reg
Page 10 and 11: Acknowledgements The following are
Page 12 and 13: Forewords The coastal zone of Thail
Page 14 and 15: Providing technical solutions to co
Page 16 and 17: the bay's hydrological and water qu
Page 18 and 19: Swat Thani h- Nokhon Si Thammarat \
Page 20 and 21: Table 1.1. Geology of the Upper Sou
Page 24: development. Water resources are av
Page 27 and 28: Table 2.1. Hydrological characteris
Page 29 and 30: and other planned damlreservoir pro
Page 31 and 32: the highest density during the nort
Page 33 and 34: The only other report available on
Page 35 and 36: oxidized layers. The lower part of
Page 37 and 38: About 56% of the total area of the
Page 39 and 40: and where the soil surface is water
Page 41 and 42: Table 2.14. Average volume (m3/ha)
Page 43 and 44: Mangroves Even though the importanc
Page 45 and 46: Khiri Rotthonlkhorn Mu KO Ang Thong
Page 47 and 48: March and May. It was concluded tha
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.7. Shrimp production (t) in
Page 51 and 52: Oysters, short-necked clam and muss
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 4 Tourism: Resource and Eco
Page 55 and 56: 1987. Water supply is a severe limi
Page 57 and 58: *.+ Actual JICA forecoat (19051 4--
Page 59 and 60: in the city were 62% in December an
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 5 Other Economic Sectors SU
Page 63 and 64: Development should be geared to hyb
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 6 Population WINAI WEERAWAT
Page 67 and 68: Most migrants in Surat Thani and in
Page 69 and 70: Table 6.5. Population density in Ph
Page 71 and 72: espectively, of the households in t
Page 73 and 74:
Most occupations were agricultural
Page 75 and 76:
Table 7.1. List of institutions and
Page 77 and 78:
management of fisheries resources.
Page 79 and 80:
policy and plans to ONEB; supervisi
Page 81 and 82:
1. This zone includes important eco
Page 83 and 84:
Table 8.1. Continued Low Public awa
Page 85 and 86:
Table 8,l. Continued Phangnga Bay C
Page 87 and 88:
Parsons, T.R., M. Takahashi and B.
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