of Ban Don Bay and Phangnga Bay, Thailand - WorldFish Center

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The hydrological characteristics of the rivers in the Upper South are summarized in Table 2.1 and Fig. 2.1 and 2.2. The ratio of the maximum and minimum discharges appear to be extremely high in most rivers which implies that monthly discharges fluctuate according to seasonal precipitations. As shown in Table 2.1, K. Tapi shows a typical eastern regime since the upper watershed is found in eastern and central parts of the region. K. Phum Duang, however, shows a western regime because the headwater is in the west. Water quality A monitoring program of the lower K. Phum Duang has been developed as a cooperative effort between ONEB and the Industrial Works DepartmentIMinistry of Industry (IWDIMOI). The program monitoring includes chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) at two sampling sites. The purpose of this monitoring is to determine the effects of wastewater discharges from the new Suratip Sri Talung Distillery Plant (EQSD 1985). The distillery also initiated monitoring of the river water quality in 1986. The results of the monitoring, which show a large range in conductivity, are summarized in Table 2.2. This indicates the influx of freshwater during the rainy season while tidal infuence is apparent during dry season which results in brackishwater condition. A two-day nearshore water quality survey was carried out in 1984 at K. Boa Dan which discharges into Phangnga Bay. This study provides limited information on diurnal fluctuation of water quality at the mouth of the river including some nutrient concentrations. In general, information on surface water quality is limited, but the most significant influence is that of silt from upland activities. Also, extreme fluctuations in salinity have implications for culture activities in the area. Table 2.2. Range of water quality parameters from K. Phum Duang, 1986. Month """~ -" PH Temperature (OC) --- "" -? Jan 7.4-7.9 28 2-29 7 Feb 7.1-7.8 27.1-30.4 Mar 7.4-7.9 26.6-31.5 Jun 7.0-7.8 26.7-29.5 Source: Statistics from the Suratip Sri Talung Distillery Plant. Water uses Range conductivity (pm holcm) The beneficial uses of the waters can be categorized as follows: 1. Upper watershed: village water supply; subsistence fisheries; small streamside irrigation. 2. Flood plains: domestic water supply; subsistence fisheries; irrigation. 3. Coastal zone: urban and domestic water supply; industrial water supply; commercial and artisanal fisheries and aquaculture. A major multipurpose dam-reservoir project, Chiew Larn, will enhance water resource use by hydroelectric power generation and irrigation development. The effects of Chiew Larn
and other planned damlreservoir projects on the salinity and hydrology of the Ban Don Bay estuarine zone are yet to be assessed. The Upper South planning study included a sectoral report on water resources indicating that the Tapi-Phum Duang River System has potential for further water resource development. JlCA (1 985) recommended that this development also include measures for watershed protection, water management and fisheries development. Land-based water pollution sources Water pollution in Ban Don Bay is primarily due to wastewater from domestic rural and urban sources, industries, mining and ports and from natural watershed sediment and agricultural runoff. Some of the wastewater sources in Surat Thani Province are shown in Table 2.3, while Table 2.4 gives such sources in Phangnga and Krabi. Table 2.3. List of wastewater sources in Surat Thani Province. A. Industrial sources 1. Fish Mill Factory Co., Ltd. 2. Num Surat Fish Mill 3. Ban Don Fishery Co.. Ltd. 4. Surat Thani Freezer 5. Chao Pramong Ban Don Co., Ltd. 6. Saa Horse Surat Thani Tr,ading Co.. Ltd. 7. Yang Thai Pak Tai Go., Ltd. 8. Huay Chuan Co., Ltd. (Surat Thani Branch) 9. Taksin Palm (2521) Co., Ltd. 10. Saha Sinka Yang Surat, Ltd. 11. Pan Asia (1981) Co.. Ltd. 12. United Surat Rubber Co., Ltd. 13. Surat Seafood Co., Ltd. 14. Muang Yang Sin Thai Co., Ltd. 15. Seng Mui Para, Ltd. 16. Huay Chuan Co., Ltd. (Ban Na San Branch) 1'7. Yang Tai Tawee, Ltd. 18. Suratip Sri Talung Distillery Plant 0. Domestic sources: dense residential areas along: 1. K. Tapi 4. K. Chanak 2. K. Phum Duang 5. K. Kradae 3. K. Phun Phin 6. K. Don Sak C. Hotel: Wang Tai Hotel D. Ports 1. Fisheries ports a. lnner Ban Don Port b. Ban Don Private Ports c. Others in A. Don Sak. A. Kanchanadit. A. Tha Chana, etc. 2. Commercial and passenger ports a. lnner Ban Don Port b. Ferry Port c. Tha Thong Port d. Na Thorn Port 3. Oil fuel and LPG ports a. Petroleum Authority of Thailand b. Caltex c. Shell d. Esso Table 2.4. List of wastewater sources in Phangnga and Krabi. - ., .. .- Phangnga A. Industrial sources - no data (field survey needed) B. Domestic sources: dense residential areas along: 1. K. Phangnga 2. K. Bo San 3. K. Marui C. Land mining D. Hotel: Phangnga Bay Resort Krabi A. Industrial sources 1. Saha Palm Oil Industry Co., Ltd. 2. Siam Palm Oil and lndustry Co., Ltd. 3. Thai Oil Industry and Suan Palm Co., Ltd. 4. Muang Yang Sin Thai Co., Ltd. 5. United Krabi Rubber Co., Ltd. 6. Krabi Adin Go., Ltd. B. Domestic sources: dense residential areas along: 1. Mouth of K. Krabi 2. K. Tom C. Hotel: Wiang Thong Hotel D. Port: Krabi Port
Page 2 and 3: i , Thcoastal Environmental Profile
Page 4 and 5: m I0 B Contents List of Figures ...
Page 6 and 7: List of Tables Geology of the Upper
Page 8 and 9: List of Figures The Upper South Reg
Page 10 and 11: Acknowledgements The following are
Page 12 and 13: Forewords The coastal zone of Thail
Page 14 and 15: Providing technical solutions to co
Page 16 and 17: the bay's hydrological and water qu
Page 18 and 19: Swat Thani h- Nokhon Si Thammarat \
Page 20 and 21: Table 1.1. Geology of the Upper Sou
Page 22 and 23: mostly composed of mud, sand, silt
Page 24: development. Water resources are av
Page 27: Table 2.1. Hydrological characteris
Page 31 and 32: the highest density during the nort
Page 33 and 34: The only other report available on
Page 35 and 36: oxidized layers. The lower part of
Page 37 and 38: About 56% of the total area of the
Page 39 and 40: and where the soil surface is water
Page 41 and 42: Table 2.14. Average volume (m3/ha)
Page 43 and 44: Mangroves Even though the importanc
Page 45 and 46: Khiri Rotthonlkhorn Mu KO Ang Thong
Page 47 and 48: March and May. It was concluded tha
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.7. Shrimp production (t) in
Page 51 and 52: Oysters, short-necked clam and muss
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 4 Tourism: Resource and Eco
Page 55 and 56: 1987. Water supply is a severe limi
Page 57 and 58: *.+ Actual JICA forecoat (19051 4--
Page 59 and 60: in the city were 62% in December an
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 5 Other Economic Sectors SU
Page 63 and 64: Development should be geared to hyb
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 6 Population WINAI WEERAWAT
Page 67 and 68: Most migrants in Surat Thani and in
Page 69 and 70: Table 6.5. Population density in Ph
Page 71 and 72: espectively, of the households in t
Page 73 and 74: Most occupations were agricultural
Page 75 and 76: Table 7.1. List of institutions and
Page 77 and 78: management of fisheries resources.
Page 79 and 80:
policy and plans to ONEB; supervisi
Page 81 and 82:
1. This zone includes important eco
Page 83 and 84:
Table 8.1. Continued Low Public awa
Page 85 and 86:
Table 8,l. Continued Phangnga Bay C
Page 87 and 88:
Parsons, T.R., M. Takahashi and B.
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